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The paper explores the possibilities for the use of DAQ devices in developing specialised diagnostic systems for monitoring and diagnostics of electrical equipment with asynchronous electric drives and autonomous synchronous generators. The primary focus is on the construction of a system responsive to different complementary diagnostic methods, such as the spectral current- voltage analysis, Park's method, instantaneous power theories, etc. Such a system might be applied locally (discretely) and/or conjointly in a centralized equipment monitoring system with the use of the LabView platform.

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 play a major role in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of coumarin anticoagulants. The purpose of our study was to assess the relative frequency of the above mutations in Bulgarian population in order to predict bleeding tendencies and precisely manage the anticoagulant therapy during the postoperative period after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.Genomic DNA samples from 200 Bulgarian patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were analyzed for VKORC1 1639GA and CYP2C9*2*3 polymorphisms by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then allele frequencies of various genotypes were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.Median patients' age was 63.9 ± 10.8 years; 66.5% were male. Median BMI was 28.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2. Genotype distribution for CYP2C9 was *1/*1 - 51%, *1/*2 - 21%, *1/*3 - 13.5%, *2/*3 - 4%, *3/*3 - 2%, and *2/*2 - 1.5%. The calculated frequency of CYP2C9*1 allele was 74.25%, CYP2C9*2 allele was 13%, and CYP2C9*3 allele was 12.75%, and all allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-value = 0.358). The major VKORC1 genotype was G/A - 47%, followed by G/G - 35.5% and A/A - 17.5%). Based on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, there was no significant difference between observed and expected frequencies (X - -3.779), presumably as a result of the homogeneity in the population.Analysis of the data obtained in the course of the study suggested that identification of homozygous carriers of VKORC1-1639 GA (rs9923231) in Bulgarians may be useful in developing recommendations for personalized therapy. On the contrary, homozygous carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3, included only 4.5% of the studied patients, thus indicating that this group would benefit less from dosing algorithms. Our results demonstrated good agreement with the results obtained in other studies conducted in the Caucasian population.

Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022

The application of selected microbial cultures, accelerating the ripening process of dried meat products, has a beneficial effect on economic results, but has changed their organoleptic and quality indicators. In recent years, however among the consumers there have been a return to the tastes of Bulgarian raw-dried products produced by traditional technologies. In the present study, indicators of raw-dried “sudzhuk” and fillet, pro-duced in both ways, were compared. The research has shown that even without the addition of microbial cultures, based on the natural microflora of the raw materials and the production environment typical to the geographical region, “sudzhuk” and fillet can be produced with good drying characteristics (aw and pH) and excellent organoleptic qualities., {"references":["BDS 5712:1974 Meat and meat products. Determination of the water content. (in Bulgarian).","BDS 1323:1975 Meat. Method for studing. (in Bulgarian)","BDS 3423:1980 Pork loin. General requirements. (in Bulgarian).","BDS 2589:1983 Raw-dried and raw-dried and smoked nonperishable sausages. General require-ments. (in Bulgarian).","BDS 8549:1992 Meat and meat products. Determination of fats. (in Bulgarian","BDS 7168:1993 Processed fruit, vegetable and meat products. Meat and meat-vegetable tins. Meth-ods of chloride content determination. (in Bulgarian).","BDS EN ISO 4833-1:2013 Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms - Part 1: Colony count at 30 degrees C by the pour plate technique (ISO 4833-1:2013). (in Bulgarian).","BDS ENV 12014-3:2001 Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content - Part 3: Spec-trometric determination of nitrate and nitrite content of meat products after enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite. (in Bulgarian).","BDS EN ISO 21528-2:2017 Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae - Part 2: Colony-count technique (ISO 21528-2:2017). (in Bulgarian).","Vulkova-Iorgova, K. (2005). Tehnologiya na mesnite produkti. Akademichno izdatelstvo na UHT – Plovdiv, 430 p. (in Bulgarian).","Dragoev, S. G. (2004). Razvitie na tehnologiyata v mesnata i ribnata promishlenost. Akademichno izdatelstvo na UHT – Plovdiv, 293 p. (in Bulgarian).","Zahariev, I. (2014). Surovo susheni mesni produkti. Traditsionni, klasicheski i inovatsionni tehnologii. Klimatichni sushilni. Sofiya: Dzhi Poĭnt Plyus, 165 p. (in Bulgarian).","Mihaylova, M, M., Gorbatov V. M., Anisimova I. G. (1988). Syrokopchennyye kolbasy s bakteri-al'nymi preparatami. Malochnaya i myasnaya promyshlennost', 1988, № 3, pp. 18–19 (in Russian).","Commission regulation (EU) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance). OJ L 338, 22.12.2005, pp. 1–26.","Jo Leroy, M., Rhodia Food Ltd. (1999). Company,s catalogue. pр. 4–27.","Hothorn, L. A., Ch. Ritz, F. Schaarschmidt. (2018). Examples of Tukey's trend test in general para metric models. Leibniz University Hannover, May 17, 2018, 19 р.","Kameník, J. (2011). Trvanlivé masné výrobky. VFU, Brno, 2011, 1. vydání, p. 262.","Liepe, H. V. (1989). Schinkenpökelung mit Starterkulturen. Fleisherei, 40 (5), рp. 514–517.","Olesen, P. T., A. S. Meyer, L. H. Stahnke. (2004). Generation of flavour compounds in fermented sausages the influence of curing ingredients, Staphylococcus starter culture and ripening time. Meat Sci., 66, рp. 675–687.","Rosa, M. (1989). Starterkulturan gatlo hatosa a nemkivanatos bakteriumokra. Husipar, 38 (2), pр. 12–16.","Lorenzo, J. M., S. Temperán, R. Bermúdez, N. Cobas, L. Purriños. (2012). Changes in physico-chemical, microbiological, textural and sensory attributes during ripening of dry-cured foal sal-chichon. Meat Science, vol. 90 (1), pp. 194–198.","Sachs, L., J. Hedderich (2006). Angewandte Statistik. Methodensammlung mit R [Taschenbuch]. Springer, Berlin, 12, p. 702."]}

This article presents the initial results of the 3D monitoring of West Pirin Fault in the area of the village of Brezhani, SW Bulgaria. The monitoring equipment – extensometer TM71 was installed in August 2013. The data obtained from the observations until November 2018 were processed. The results show 5 stages in the dynamics of this part of the fault. One of them is associated with a coseismic effect (sharp movements) resulted from a local weak seismic event. The obtained results show that Y-axis movements are most stable, representing right-lateral strike-slip movements with a high correlation of data (coefficient of determination r2=0.866). The most active movements have been established during the last 2 years of the observations. In 2017-2018, the established rate of right-lateral strike-slip (Y axis) is 0.84 mm/a. For whole observation period the results show compression od fault zone 0.07 mm/a, right-lateral strike-slip 0.61 mm/a and reverse movements 0.09 mm/a. These results give us reason to suppose a recent activity along West Pirin Fault.

Regardless of the degree of injury, it is necessary to use conser­vative methods for the treatment of patients with injuries, in par­ticular medications using local remedies. Among the drugs used to treat chronic venous insufficiency, directly affect the main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of venoactive (phlebi­tropic) agents. They protect the venous wall from the influence of local mediators, oxidants, stabilize the membranes of endo­theliocytes, reduce the permeability of venules and capillaries, increase the tone of the veins and their elasticity, i.e. they have complex endothelioprotective and venoprotective action. Objective: to investigate the anti-exudative action of «Venogel 911 with horse chestnut» in the experiment. Methods: a study of the anti-exudative activity of gelabalzam «Venogel 911 with horse chestnut» in comparison with the reference prepa­rations was carried out on the model of thermal inflammation of the mice foot. Results: the use of drugs resulted in marked suppression of swelling in the foot tissues of animals, which was exposed to a thermal stimulus, as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in its mass. There were no significant dif­ferences in the anti-exudative activity «Venogel 911 with horse chestnut» in comparison with «Gingoven» and «Dr. Teisse Venen gel». Conclusions: it has been established that «Venobal gel 911 with horse chestnut» has anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative action and can be used as a means for skin care of the legs, which is prone to manifestations of varicose insufficiency.

This article presents the initial results of the 3D monitoring of West Pirin Fault in the area of the village of Brezhani, SW Bulgaria. The monitoring equipment—extensometer TM71 was installed in August 2013. The data obtained from the observations until August 2018 were processed. The results show four stages in the dynamics of this part of the fault. One of them is associated as a probable co-seismic effect (sharp movement) resulted from a local weak seismic event. The obtained results show that Y-axis movements reflect significant trends, representing right-lateral strike-slip movements with a rate of 0.76 mm/year for the whole period of observation. During the last 2 years of the observations the strike-strip velocity is estimated as ~0.84 mm/year with a high coefficient of determination. The vertical component of movements shows ~0.14 mm/year reverse movements. These results give us reason to prove a recent activity along West Pirin Fault.

This work presents the development of a redundant planar robot created with a 3D printer. The mechanical structure and the main kinematic dependencies are discussed. The hardware and software implementation of the prototype are presented. An algorithm is presented to find solutions of the inverse kinematics problem in the presence of obstacles in the workspace of the robot. The algorithm gives results on possible solutions both in the Cartesian coordinates and joint angles. The proposed software and the obtained results are the basis for planning trajectories of the robot in complex environments with obstacles. The created prototype is used for education of students in robotics and mechatronics. The advantages of using 3D printing technology in modeling and design and its application in the education process are highlighted.

This article presents main results from the implementation of the KINEROS model to the Malki Iskar river basin above the town of Etropole. KINEROS is a mathematical model based on fundamental physical laws aimed at simulating the spatial distribution of water balance elements for a given meteoro- logical event. A detailed study of the set of physical geographical flood risk factors (relief, climate, waters, soils, LC/LU) has been performed. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of specific methods for estimation of the role of each factor. The results show the importance and practicality of implementation of the GIS, RS and flood risk modeling in generally unpredictable dangerous situations, which are typical for small mountain catchments. The application of the KINEROS model for simulation of events depending on the changes in the landscape conditions may in- crease significantly the effect of flood risk management in mountainous munici- palities.

This article presents the possibilities for implementation of the geomorphologic methods in estimation of the morphometric characteristics and relief dismemberment in flood hazard analysis for the Malki Iskar and Suha Reka river catchment above the town of Etropole. The results shown in the maps of the vertical and horizontal relief dismemberment in GIS exhibit a very high degree of conformity between the torrential river sections and the regions with high values of horizontal and/or vertical relief dismemberment.

The properties of the catalysts for partial oxidation of o-xylene depend on the structure of the supported vanadium sites. The structure itself is strongly dependent on the calcination temperature of the catalyst at which thermal deposition of the metal oxide on the oxide support takes place. We have investigated the effect of calcination temperature on the activity and selectivity of industrial V2O5-TiO2 (anatase) supported catalysts designed for partial oxidation of o-xylene in their application to methanol oxidation.

A mathematical model of a new reactor design has been proposed. In the new reactor the catalyst is deposited over the external surface of the tubes, where the coolant flows. The widespread industrial process of oxidation of o-xylene into phthalic anhydride was investigated. The results obtained show significant advantages of the new design in comparison with the conventional fixed bed reactor operating in the industry. They are: much higher productivity, easily controlled temperature regime, raised selectivity and decrease content of side products, as well as an opportunity for additional feed-in of the reagent along the reactor height. The technological regime of the oxidation process was optimized. Un modele mathematique d'une nouvelle forme de reacteur a ete propose. Avec ce reacteur le catalyseur est depose sur la surface exterieure des tuyaux qui vehiculent l'agent de refroidissement. Les analyses sont basees sur le processus de transformation par oxydation du o-xylene en anhydride phtalique pratique a large echelle dans I'industrie. Les resultats obtenus demontrent les avantages significatifs de ce montage par rapport au reacteur conventionnel avec couche immobile du catalyseur qu'on utilise dans I'industrie. Les avantages sont les suivants: progression sensible de la productivite, facilite a gerer le regime de la temperature, selectivite accrue et baisse de la quantite des produits secondaires ainsi que la possibilite d'alimenter egalement le reacteur sur la hauteur avec du reactif. Dans le nouvel appareil le regime technologique du processus d'oxydation est optimise.

It has been established that at high temperatures (above 450°C) the V2O5−ZrO2 catalyst exhibits a higher selectivity in the oxidation ofo-xylene to phthalic anhydride than does the conventional V2O5−TiO2(a) catalyst. The catalyst selectivity is found to increase with respect to partial oxidation ofo-xylene, the valuable by-product maleic anhydride being obtained. Studies by different physicochemical methods have shown that V2O5−ZrO2 undergoes no significant phase and structural changes under high-temperature conditions.

Using the methods of mathematical simulation, the opportunities for application of a dual salt bath and a dual catalyst bed to the conventional and low air ratio processes of oxidation of o-xylene into phthalic anhydride are studied. It is established that both systems lead to a significant increase of the yield of the raw phthalic anhydride, as well as to a drastic reduction of the undesired side product phthalide. The optimal characteristics of a dual salt bath and a dual catalyst bed are determined. Experimental temperature profiles obtained in an industrial reactor for oxidation of o-xylene during all the time of catalyst use are studied. Both the nature of variation of the catalyst activity along the bed and its influence on the effectiveness of the process are defined.

Climate change in Europe is often manifested in the increasing frequency of extreme weather phenomena like storms, intensive rains, and floods. For the period 2000–2009, the highest number of severe floods in Southeastern Europe was registered in Romania (30), Greece (14), and Bulgaria (11). The EM-DAT database (CRED 2012) includes 13 major floods in Bulgaria for 1900–2011. Eleven of them occurred between 2000 and 2009, 1.2 cases per year, a significant increase compared to the average number of 0.1 cases for the past 111 years, mainly due to the extremely wet year 2005. A typical mountain area strongly affected by extreme weather is the upper Malki Iskar River basin on the northern slopes of the Etropolska Stara Planina. The chapter analyses the influence of intense rainfalls (on the examples of events between 1995–2005 and in 2007) on peak river flows and flood hazard, the role of topography in the spatial distribution of rainfall in the basin, and the passage rate of flood waves; identifies critical areas and settlements; and recommends risk mitigation measures. The kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS) was used to simulate the influence of rainfall of different intensity and quantity on peak flow during storm events. The findings allow us to assess flood hazard in the river basin for possible future climate and land use/cover changes and propose management measures directed at reducing flood risk.

The dissertation work draws upon the synthesis and practical utilization of mathematical modelling and simulation to substantiate the effective implementation of spectral analysis in determining the correlation and reciprocal dependencies between the efficiency of electrical equipment and the quality indicators of electrical energy. The experimental measurements and analysis were carried out with a special software. Statement of the main scientific contributions. 1. Advanced is a practical methodology for evaluation and diagnosis of belt drive electrical equipment. 2.Developed also is a method for a comprehensive condition assessment, via the use of a profile condition matrix, of electrical equipment with induction motor. Statement of the main scientifically applied contributions 1. Established experimentally are dependencies between the operational condition and the electrical energy quality indicator – harmonic composition. 2. Created and realized in Matlab are simulation models of electrical equipment with asynchronous motors and autonomous synchronous generators for comparative analysis of motor malfunctions and equipment failures. 3. Constructed and implemented within a laboratory environment is a technical system for diagnosis of faults in asynchronous motors. 4. Technically accomplished is a diagnostic system on the basis of DAQ devices and software application in LabView for diagnostics of asynchronous motors and autonomous synchronous generators. Дисертацията включва синтезиране и използване на математически и симулационни модели, доказващи практическата приложи¬мост на спектрал¬ния анализ за определяне взаимното влияние между електрообза¬веждането и показатели за качеството на електрическата енергия. Проведени са измервания и анализ с помощта на реа¬лизирано от автора софтуерно приложе¬ние, оценка на получените резултати от реализи¬рания стенд в различни режими. Претенции за приноси от научен характер. 1. Разработена e методика за оценка и диагностика на електрообза¬веждане с ре¬мъчно задвижване. 2. Разработен метод за комплексна оценка на състоянието на електрообза-веждане с асинхронни двигатели с кафезен ротор, ползващ про¬филна матрица на състояни¬ето. Претенции за приноси от научно-приложен характер 1. Установени експериментални зависимости между експлоатационното със-тояние и показател за качеството на електрическата енергия – хармоничен със¬тав. 2. Разработени са симулационни модели в среда Matlab на про¬мишлено електрооб¬завеждане с асинхронни двигатели и автономни синхронни генера¬тори за сравнителен анализ на дефекти. 3. Конструирана и реализи¬рана в лабораторни условия техническа система за ана¬лиз и диагностика на дефекти в електрообзавеждане с асинхронни двигатели. 4. Разрабо¬тена и реализирана техническа система, базирана на DAQ устройства и софту¬ерно приложение в среда LabView, за анализ и диагностика на електро-обзавеж¬дане с асинхронни двигатели и синхронни генератори работещи в „островен” режим.