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Your search keyword '"Valencia-flores, M"' showing total 36 results
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36 results on '"Valencia-flores, M"'

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Ferrie, J., Shipley, M., Cappuccio, F., Brunner, E., Miller, M., Kumari, M., Marmot, M., Coenen, A., Castillo, J. L., Araya, F., Bustamante, G., Montecino, L., Torres, C., Oporto, S., Gronli, J., Fiske, E., Murison, R., Bjorvatn, B., Sorensen, E., Ursin, R., Portas, C. M., Rajaraman, S., Gribok, A., Wesensten, N., Balkin, T., Reifman, J., Dursunoglu, N., Ozkurt, S., Baser, S., Delen, O., Sarikaya, S., Sadler, P., Mitchell, P., Françon, D., Decobert, M., Herve, B., Richard, A., Griebel, G., Avenet, P., Scatton, B., Fur, G. L., Eckert, D., Jordan, A., Wellman, A., Smith, S., Malhotra, A., White, D., Bruck, D., Thomas, I., Kritikos, A., Oertel, W., Stiasny-Kolster, K., Garcia-Borreguero, D., Poewe, W., Hoegl, B., Kohnen, R., Schollmayer, E., Keffel, J., Trenkwalder, C., Valle, A., Roizenblatt, S., Fregni, F., Boggio, P., Tufik, S., Ward, K., Robertson, L., Palmer, L., Eastwood, P., Hillman, D., Lee, J., Mukherjee, S., de Padova, V., Barbato, G., Ficca, G., Zilli, I., Salzarulo, P., Veldi, M., Hion, T., Vasar, V., Kull, M., Nowak, L., Davis, J., Latzer, Y., Tzischinsky, O., Crowley, S., Carskadon, M., Anca-Herschkovitsch, M., Frey, D., Ortega, J., Wiseman, C., Farley, C., Wright, K., Campbell, A., Neill, A., Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., Tasali, E., Scherberg, N., van Cauter, E., Noradina, A. T., Karim, N. A., Norlinah, I., Raymond, A. A., Sahathevan, R., Hamidon, B., Werth, E., Poryazova, R., Khatami, R., Bassetti, C., Beran, R. G., Ainley, L., Holand, G., Duncan, J., Kinney, H., Davis, B., Hood, B., Frey, S., Schmidt, C., Hofstetter, M., Peigneux, P., Cajochen, C., Hu, W.-P., Li, J.-D., Zhang, C., Boehmer, L., Siegel, J., Zhou, Q.-Y., Sagawa, Y., Kondo, H., Takemura, T., Kanayama, H., Kaneko, Y., Sato, M., Kanbayashi, T., Hishikawa, Y., Shimizu, T., Viola, A., James, L., Schlangen, L., Dijk, D.-J., Andretic, R., Kim, Y.-C., Han, K.-A., Jones, F., Greenspan, R., Sanford, L., Yang, L., Tang, X., Dieter, K., Uta, E., Sven, H., Richard, M., Oyane, N., Pallesen, S., Holsten, F., Inoue, Y., Fujita, M., Emura, N., Kuroda, K., Uchimura, N., Johnston, A., Astbury, J., Kennedy, G., Hoedlmoser, K., Schabus, M., Pecherstorfer, T., Moser, S., Gruber, G., Anderer, P., Klimesch, W., Naidoo, N., Ferber, M., Pack, A., Neu, D., Mairesse, O., Hoffmann, G., Dris, A., Lambrecht, L., Linkowski, P., Verbanck, P., Le Bon, O., Matsuura, N., Yamao, M., Adachi, N., Aritomi, R., Komada, Y., Tanaka, H., Shirakawa, S., Kondoh, H., Takemura, F., Ohnuma, S., Suzuki, M., Uemura, S., Iskra-Golec, I., Smith, L., Thanh, D.-V., Boly, M., Phillips, C., Steven, L., Luxen, A., Maquet, M., Jay, S., Dawson, D., Lamond, N., Basner, M., Fomberstein, K., Dinges, D., Ogawa, K., Nittono, H., Yamazaki, K., Hori, T., Glamann, C., Hornung, O., Hansen, M.-L, Danker-Hopfe, H., Jung, C., Kecklund, G., Anund, A., Peters, B., Åkerstedt, T., Verster, J., Roehrs, T., Mets, M., de Senerpont Domis, L., Olivier, B., Volkerts, E., Knutson, K., Lauderdale, D., Rathouz, P., Christie, M., Chen, L., Bolortuya, Y., Lee, E., Mckenna, J., Mccarley, R., Strecker, R., Tamaki, M., Matsuoka, T., Aritake, S., Suzuki, H., Kuriyama, K., Ozaki, A., Abe, Y., Enomoto, M., Tagaya, H., Mishima, K., Matsuura, M., Uchiyama, M., Lima-Pacheco, E., Davis, K., Sabourin, C., Lortie-Lussier, M., de Koninck, J., van Der Werf, Y., van Der Helm, E., Schoonheim, M., van Someren, E., Tokley, M., Ball, M., Sato, T., Ghilardi, M. F., Moisello, C., Bove, M., Busi, M., Pelosin, E., Tononi, G., Eguchi, N., Sakata, M., Urade, Y., Doe, N., Yoshihara, K., Abe, K., Manabe, Y., Iwatsuki, K., Hayashi, T., Shoji, M., Kamiya, T., Gooley, J., Brainard, G., Rajaratnam, S., Kronauer, R., Czeisler, C., Lockley, S., Phillips, A., Robinson, P., Burgess, H., Revell, V., Eastman, C., Bihari, S., Ramakrishnan, N., Camerino, D., Conway, P. M., Costa, G., Vandewalle, G., Albouy, G., Sterpenich, V., Darsaud, A., Rauchs, G., Berken, P.-Y, Balteau, E., Maquet, P., Tendero, J. A., Domenech, M. P., Isern, F. S., Martínez, C., Roure, N., Sancho, E. E., Moreno, C. R., Silva, M., Marqueze, E. C., Waage, S., Bobko, N., Chernyuk, V., Yavorskiy, Y., Saxvig, I., Sørensen, E., de Mello, M. T., Esteves, A., Teixeira, C., Bittencourt, L. R., Silva, R., Pires, M. L., Mottram, V., Middelton, B., Arendt, J., Amaral, O., Rodrigues, M., Pereira, C., Tavares, I., Baba, K., Honma, S., Honma, K.-I., Yamanaka, Y., Hashimoto, S., Tanahashi, Y., Nishide, S.-Y, Honma, K.-I, Sletten, T., Middleton, B., Lederle, K., Skene, D., Roth, T., Walsh, J., Hogben, A., Ellis, J., Archer, S., von Schantz, M., Chen, N.-H., Wang, P.-C., Chen, C.-W., Lin, Y., Shih, T.-S., Armstrong, S., Redman, J., Stephan, E., David, M., Delanaud, S., Chardon, K., Libert, J.-P., Bach, V., Telliez, F., Reid, K., Jaksa, A., Eisengart, J., Kane, P., Naylor, E., Zee, P., Viola, A. U., de Valck, E., Hofmans, J., Theuns, P., Cluydts, R., Alexander, G., Karel, M., Christina, R., Sohn, I.-K., Cho, I. H., Kim, S. J., Yu, S.-H., Kim, H., Yoo, S. Y., Koh, S.-H., Cho, S.-J., Rotenberg, L., Silva-Costa, A., Griep, R. H., Amely, T., Kennedy, G. A., Pavlis, A., Thompson, B., Pierce, R., Howard, M., Briellmann, R., Venkateswaran, S., Blunden, S., Krawczyk, E., Blake, J., Gururajan, R., Kerr, D., Matuisi, T., Iwasaki, M., Yamasita, N., Iemura, A., Ohya, T., Yanagawa, T., Misa, R., Coleman, G., Conduit, R., Duce, B., Hukins, C., Nyandaiti, Y. W., Bamaki, S., Mohammed, A., Kwajarfa, S., Veeramachaneni, S. P., Murthy, A., Wilson, A., Maul, J., Hall, G., Stick, S., Moseley, L., Gradisar, M., Kurihara, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, S., Kuranari, M., Sparks, C. B., Bartle, A., Beckert, L., Latham-Smith, F. B., Hilton, J., Whitehead, B., Gulliver, T., Salvini, A., Grahame, S., Swift, M., Laybutt, N., Sharon, D., Mack, C., Hymell, B., Perrine, B., Ideshita, K., Taira, M., Matuo, A., Furutani, M., van Dongen, H., Mott, C., Huang, J.-K., Mollicone, D. J., Mckenzie, F., Dinges, David, Barnes, M., Rochford, P., Churchward, T., O’Donoghue, F., Penzel, T., Fietze, I., Canisius, S., Bekiaris, E., Terrill, P. I., Wilson, S., Suresh, S., Cooper, D., Suzuki, T., Ouchi, K., Moriya, A., Kameyama, K., Takahashi, M., Büttner, A., Rühle, K.-H., Wang, D., Wong, K., Dungan, II, G., Grunstein, R., Davidson, P., Jones, R., Gergely, V., Mashima, K., Miyazaki, S., Tanaka, T., Okawa, M., Yamada, N., Wyner, A., Raizen, D., Galante, R., Ng, A. K., Koh, T. S., Lim, L. L., Puvanendran, K., Peiris, M., Bones, P., Roebuck, T., Ho, S., Szollosi, I., Naughton, M., Williams, G., Parsley, C., Harris, M.-A., Thornton, A., Ruehland, W., Banks, S., Arroyo, S., Carroll, K., Pilmore, J., Stewart, C., Hamilton, G., van Acker, F., Cvetkovic, D., Holland, G., Cosic, I., Tolson, J., Worsnop, C., Cresswell, P., Hart, I., Bouarab, M., Delechelle, E., Drouot, X., Acebo, C., Singh, P., Lakey, T., Schachter, L., Rand, J., Collin, H., Snyder, E., Ma, J., Svetnick, V., Deacon, S., Dana, B., Konstanze, D., Uwe, M., Ingo, F., Thomas, P., Ivar, R., Mackiewicz, M., Shockley, K., Romer, M., Zimmerman, J., Baldwin, D., Jensen, S., Churchill, G., Paigen, B., Imeri, L., Ferrari, L., Bianchi, S., Dossena, S., Garofoli, A., Mangieri, M., Tagliavini, F., Forloni, G., Chiesa, R., Pedrazzoli, M., Pereira, D., Veauny, M., Bodenmann, S., Hohoff, C., Freitag, C., Deckert, J., Rétey, J., Landolt, H.-P., Strohl, K., Price, E., Yamauchi, M., Dostal, J., Feng, P., Han, F., Havekes, R., Novati, A., Hagewoud, R., Barf, P., van Der Borght, K., van Der Zee, E., Meerlo, P., Ruby, P., Caclin, A., Boulet, S., Delpuech, C., Morlet, D., Veasey, S., Aton, S., Jha, S., Coleman, T., Seibt, J., Frank, M., Lack, L., Churches, O., Feng, S. Y. S., Cassaglia, P., Yu, V. Y. H., Walker, A. M., Kohler, M., Kennedy, D., Martin, J., van Den Heuvel, C., Lushington, K., Herron, K., Khurana, C., Sterr, A., Olivadoti, M., Toth, L., Opp, M., Dang-Vu, T., Degueldre, C., Gais, S., Dang-Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., Philips, C., Chijavadze, E., Babilodze, M., Chkhartishvili, E., Nachkebia, N., Mchedlidze, O., Dzadzamia, S., Griffiths, R., Walker, A., Horovitz, S., Fukunaga, M., Carr, W., Picchioni, D., de Zwart, J., van Gelderen, P., Braun, A., Duyn, J., Hanlon, E. H., Faraguna, U., Vyazovskiy, V., Cirelli, C., Ocampo-Garcés, A., Ibáñez, F., López, S., Vivaldi, E., Torrealba, F., Romanowski, C. P. N., Fenzl, T., Flachskamm, C., Deussing, J., Kimura, M., Tarokh, L., van Reen, E., Dorn, H., Velluti, R., Qu, W.-M., Huang, Z.-L., Hayaishi, O., Pedemonte, M., Drexler, D., Pol-Fernández, D., Bernhardt, V., Lopez, C., Rodriguez-Servetti, Z., Romanowski, C., Polta, S., Yassouridis, A., Abe, T., Takahashi, K., Koyama, Y., Kayama, Y., Lin, J.-S., Sakai, K., Gulia, K., Karashima, A., Shimazaki, M., Katayama, N., Nakao, M., Winsky-Sommerer, R., Knapman, A., Tobler, I., Altena, E., Sanz-Arigita, E., Chang, F.-C., Lu, C.-Y., Yi, P.-L., Hsiao, Y.-Z., Lowden, A., Nilsson, J., Hillert, L., Wiholm, C., Kuster, N., Arnetz, B., Szameitat, A., Shen, S., Daurat, A., Tiberge, M., Sok, N., D’Ortho, M. P. I. A., Karasinsky, P., Kohlmeier, K., Wess, J., Leonard, C., Kristensen, M., Kalinchuk, A., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Mccarley, R. W., Basheer, R., Aizawa, R., Sunahara, H., Abe, S.-I., Iwaki, S., Houjyou, M., Satoh, M., Suda, H., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Gozal, D., Walker, P., Noa, A., O’Driscoll, D., Ng, M., Yang, J., Davey, M., Anderson, V., Trinder, J., Horne, R., Sands, S., Kelly, V., Sia, K., Edwards, B., Skuza, E., Davidson, M., Berger, P. H. I. L. I. P., Wilkinson, M., Sánchez-Narváez, F., Gutiérrez, R., Camacho, L., Anaya, E., García-Campos, E., Labra, A., Domínguez, G., García-Polo, L., Haro, R., Verginis, N., Nixon, G., Baumert, M., Pamula, Y., Mihai, R., Wawurszak, M., Smith, N., Yiallourou, S., Andrew Ramsden, C., Williamson, B., Blecher, G., Teng, A., Dakin, C. Y. N., Yuil, M., Harris, M., Sadasivam, S., Bennison, J., Galland, B., Dawes, P., Taylor, B., Norman, M., Edwards, N., Harrison, H., Kol, C., Sullivan, C., Valladares, E., Macey, P., Kumar, R., Woo, M., Harper, R., Alger, J., Mcnamara, D., Tang, J., Goh, A., Teoh, O. H., Chiang, W. C., Chay, O. M., Marie Salvini, A., Riben, C., Blanck, A.-S., Marklund, M., Tourneux, P., Cardot, V., Leke, A., Iqbal, S. M., (Gus) Cooper, D., Witmans, M., Rodger, K., Thevasagayam, R., El-Hakim, H., Hill, C. M., Baya, A., Bucks, R., Kirkham, F., Virues-Ortega, J., Baldeweg, T., Paul, A., Hogan, A., Goodwin, J., Silva, G., Kaemingk, K., Sherrill, D., Morgan, W., Fregosi, R., Quan, S., Evans, C., Maclean, J., Waters, K., Fitzsimmons, D., Hayward, P., Fitzgerald, D., Terrill, G., O’Connell, A., Vannan, K., Richardson, H., Poluektov, M., Levin, I., Snegodskaya, M., Kolosova, N., Geppe, N., Nixon, G. Michelle, Thompson, J., Yhan, D., Becroft, D., Clark, P., Robinson, E., Waldie, K., Wild, C., Black, P., Stone, K., Britton, W., Chaves, Claudia, Tinoco, C., Goncalves, C., Ferreira, E., Santos, H., Boloto, J., Duarte, L., Paine, S., Wright, H., Slater, A., Rosen, G., Telliez, Frédéric, Djeddi, D., Kongolo, G., Degrugilliers, L., Horton, J., Buscemi, N., Vandermeer, B., Owens, J., Klassen, T., Gordon, J., King, N., Tripp, G., Oka, Y., Suzuki, S., de Lemos, M. C., Gonzaga, F. G., Shah, M. L., Bittencourt, L., Oliveira, L. V. Franco, Elshoff, J.-P., Braun, M., Andreas, J.-O., Strauss, B., Horstmann, R., Ahrweiler, S., Goldammer, N., Wada, M., Matsumoto, N., Rahman, M. D., Xu, X.-H., Makino, Y., Hashimoto, K., Zhang, M., Sastre, J.-P., Buda, C., Anaclet, C., Ohtsu, H., Danober, L., Desos, P., Cordi, A., Roger, A., Jacquet, A., Rogez, N., Thomas, J.-Y., Krentner, M., Boutin, J., Audinot-Bouchez, V., Baumann, C., Valko, P., Uhl, M., Hersberger, M., Rupp, T., Uchiyama, N., Nakamura, N., Konishi, T., Mcgrath, P., Fujiki, N., Tokunaga, J., Iijima, S., Nishino, S., Catherine, B.-R., Lely, F., Ralf, K., Oliver, N., François, J., Francois, J., Cedric, F., Changbin, Q., Patrick, H., Homanics, G., Heussler, H., Norris, R., Pache, D., Charles, B., Mcguire, T., Shelton, J., Bonaventure, P., Kelly, L., Aluisio, L., Lovenberg, T., Atack, J., Dugovic, C., Shapiro, C., Shen, J., Trajanovic, N., Chien, J., Verma, M., Fish, V., Wheatley, J., Amis, T., Alexiou, T., Wild, J., Bjursell, A., Solin, P., Sato, S., Matsubuchi, N., Gingras, M.-A., Labrosse, M., Chevrier, É, Lageix, P., Guay, M.-C., Braun, C., Godbout, R., Fatim, E. H., Loic, D., Stephane, D., Nathalie, L., Stéphane, D., Alain, G., Wiâm, R., Koabyashi, T., Tomita, S., Ishikawa, T., Manadai, O., Arakawa, K., Siato, Y., Bassi, A., Ocampo, A., Estrada, J., Blyton, D., O’Keeffe, K., Galletly, D., Larsen, P., Amatoury, J., Bilston, L., Kairaitis, K., Stephenson, R., Chu, K., Sekiguchi, Y., Suzuki, N., Yasuda, Y., Kodama, T., Honda, Y., Hsieh, K.-C., Lai, Y.-Y., Bannai, M., Kawai, N., Amici, R., Baracchi, F., Cerri, M., Del Sindaco, E., Dentico, D., Jones, C. A., Luppi, M., Martelli, D., Perez, E., Tazaki, M., Katayose, Y., Yasuda, K., Tokuyama, K., Maddison, K., Platt, P., Kirkness, J., Ware, J. C., May, J., Rosenthal, T., Park, G., Guibert, M., Allen, R. W., Cetin, T., Roman, V., Mollicone, D., Crummy, F., Cameron, P., Swann, P., Kossman, T., Taggart, F., Kandala, N.-B., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., Marshall, N., Peltonen, M., Stenlof, K., Hedner, J., Sjostrom, L., Anderson, C., Platten, C., Jordan, K., Horne, J., Bjorkum, A., Kluge, B., Braseth, T., Gurvin, I., Kristensen, T., Nybo, R., Rosendahl, K., Nygaard, I., Biggs, S., Dollman, J., Kennedy, J. D., Martin, A. J., Haghighi, K. S., Bakht, N., Hyde, M., Harris, E., Zerouali, Y., Hosein, A., Jemel, B., Dodd, M., Rogers, N., Andersen, M., Martins, R., Alvarenga, T., Antunes, I., Papale, L., Killgore, W. S., Axelsson, J., Lekander, M., Ingre, M., Brismar, K., Dorrian, J., Ferguson, S., Jones, C., Buxton, O., Marcelli, E., Phipps-Nelson, J. O., Teixeira, L. R., de Castro Moreno, C., Turte, S. L., Nagai, R., do Rosário Dias De Oliveira Latorre, M., Marina, F., Paterson, J., Jackson, M., Johnston, P., Papafotiou, K., Croft, R., Dawson, S., Leenaars, C., Sandberg, H., Joosten, R., Dematteis, M., Feenstra, M., Wehrle, R., Rieger, M., Widmann, A., Dietl, T., Philipp, S., Wetter, T., Drummond, S., Czisch, M., Cairns, A., Lebourgeois, M., Harsh, J., Baulk, S., Vakulin, A., Catcheside, P., Antic, N., Mcevoy, D., Orff, H., Salamat, J., Meloy, M. J., Caron, A., Kostela, J., Purnell, M., Feyer, A.-M., Herbison, P., Saaresranta, T., Aittokallio, J., Karppinen, N., Toikka, J., Polo, O., Sallinen, M., Haavisto, M.-L., Hublin, C., Kiti, M., Jussi, V., Mikko, H., Chuah, L., Chee, M., Borges, F., Fischer, F., Moreno, C., Soares, N., Fonseca, M., Smolensky, M., Sackett-Lundeen, L., Haus, E., Nagata, N., Michael, N., Siccoli, M., Rogers, A., Hwang, W.-T., Scott, L., Dean, G., Geissler, E., Ametamey, S., Treyer, V., Wyss, M., Achermann, P., Schubiger, P., Theorell-Haglöw, J., Berne, C., Janson, C., Svensson, M., Lindberg, E., Caruso, H., Avinash, D., Minkel, J., Thompson, C., Wisor, J., Gerashchenko, D., Smith, K., Kuan, L., Pathak, S., Hawrylycz, M., Jones, A., Kilduff, T., Bergamo, C., Ecker, A., William, J., Niyogi, S., Coble, M., Goel, N., Lakhtman, L., Horswill, M., Whetton, M., Chambers, B., Signal, L., van Den Berg, M., Gander, P., Polotsky, V., Savransky, V., Bevans, S., Nanayakkara, A., Li, J.-G., Smith, P., Torbenson, M., Stockx, E., Brodecky, V., Berger, P., Chung-Mei Lam, J., Rial, R., Roca, C., Garau, C., Akaarir, M., Mccoy, J., Ward, C., Connolly, N., Tartar, J., Brown, R., Carberry, J., Bradford, A., O’Halloran, K., Mcguire, M., Nacher, M., Serrano-Mollar, A., Navajas, D., Farre, R., Montserrat, J., Fenik, V., Rukhadze, I., Kubin, L., Sivertsen, B., Overland, S., Mykletun, A., Czira, M., Fornádi, K., Lindner, A., Szeifert, L., Szentkirályi, A., Mucsi, I., Molnár, M., Novák, M., Zoller, R., Chin, K., Takegami, M., Oga, T., Nakayama-Asida, Y., Wakamura, T., Mishima, M., Fukuhara, S., Shepherd, K., Keir, G., Rixon, K., Makarie-Rofail, L., Unger, G., Svanborg, E., Harder, L., Sarberg, M., Broström, A., Josefsson, A., Herrera, A., Aguilera, L., Diaz, M., Fedson, A., Hung, J., Williams, C., Love, G., Middleton, S., Vermeulen, W., Middleton, P., Steinfort, D., Goldin, J., Eritaia, J., Dionysopoulos, P., Irving, L., Ciftci, T. U., Kokturk, O., Demirtas, S., Kanbay, A., Tavil, Y., Bukan, N., Demritas, S., Olsen, S., Douglas, J., Oei, T., Williams, S., Leung, S., Starmer, G., Lee, R., Chan, A., Dungan, G., Cistulli, P., Zeng, B., Bansal, A., Patial, K., Vijayan, V. K., Sonka, K., Fialova, L., Svarcova, J., Volna, J., Jiroutek, P., Pretl, M., Bartos, A., Hasegawa, R. A., Sasanabe, R., Nomura, A., Morita, M., Hori, R., Ohkura, Y., Shiomi, T. T., Collins, A., Jerums, G., Hare, D., Panagiotopoulos, S., Weatherhead, B., Bailey, M., Neil, C., Goldsworthy, U., Hill, C., Valencia-Flores, M., Resendiz, M., Juarez, S., Castano, A., Santiago, V., Aguilar, C., Ostrosky, F., Krum, H., Kaye, D., Neves, C., Decio, M., Monteiro, M., Cintra, F., Poyares, D., Viegas, C., Silva, C., Oliveira, H., Peixoto, T., Mikami, A., Watanabe, T., Kumano-Go, T., Adachi, H., Sugita, Y., Takeda, M., Oktay, B., Firat, H., Akbal, E., Ardic, S., Paim, S., Santos, R., Barrreto, A., Whitmore, H., Imperial, J., Temple, K., Rue, A., Hoffman, L., Liljenquist, D., Kazsa, K., Pavasovic, M., Copland, J., Ho, M., Jayamaha, J., Peverill, R., Hii, S., Hensley, M., Rowland, S., Windler, S., Johansson, M., Eriksson, P., Peker, Y., Råstam, L., Lindblad, U., Grote, L., Zou, D., Radlinski, J., Eder, D., Plens, C. M., Garcia Gonzaga, F. M., Farias Sa, P., Franco Oliveira, L. V., Faria Sa, P., Yoon, I.-Y., Chung, S., Hee Lee, C., Kim, J.-W., Faludi, B., Wang, X., Li, Q., Wan, H., Li, M., Pallayova, M., Donic, V., Tomori, Z., Ioacara, S., Olech, T., Mccallum, C., Bowes, M., Bowes, J., Chia, M., Gilbert, S. S., Sajkov, D., Teichtahl, H., Stevenson, I., Cunnington, D., Kalman, J., Szaboova, E., Higami, S., Kryger, M., Higami, Y., Suzuki, C., Kitano, H., Carin, S., Olof, S., Yngve, G., Gösta, B., Carlberg, B., Stenlund, H., Franklin, K. A., Oliveira, A., Vasconcelos, L., Martinez, D., Goncalves, S. C., Gus, M., Silva, E. O. A., Fuchs, S. C., Fuchs, F. D., Li, A., Au, J., Ho, C., Sung, R., Wing, Y., Tada, H., Terada, N., Togawa, K., Nakagawa, Y., Kishida, K., Kihara, S., Hirata, A., Sonoda, M., Nishizawa, H., Nakamura, T., Shimomura, I., Funahashi, T., Andrewartha, P., Sasse, A., Becker, M., Troester, N., Olschewski, H., Lisamayerkard, L., Glos, M., Blau, A., Peter, J.-G., Chesworth, W., Wilson, G., Piper, A., Chuang, L.-P., Lin, S.-W., Wang, C.-J., Li, H.-Y., Chou, Y.-T., Fu, J.-Y., Liao, Y.-F., Tsai, Y.-H., Chan, K., Laks, L., Nishibayashi, M., Miyamoto, M., Miyamoto, T., Hirata, K., Hoever, P., De Haas, S., Chiossi, E., Van Gerven, J., Dingemanse, J., Winkler, J., Cavallaro, M., Narui, K., Kasai, T., Dohl, T., Takaya, H., Kawana, F., Ueno, K., Panjwani, U., Thakur, L., Anand, J. P., Banerjee, P. K., Leigh, M., Paduch, A., Armstrong, J., Sampson, D., Kotajima, F., Mochizuki, T., Lorr, D., Harder, H., Chesworth, M., Becker, H., Abd-Elaty, N. M., Elprince, M., Ismail, N., Elserogi, W., Yeo, A., George, K., Thomson, K., Stadler, D., Bradley, J., Paul, D., Schwartz, A., Hagander, L., Harlid, R., Hultcrantz, E., Haraldsson, P., Cho, J.-G., Narayan, J., Nagarajah, M., Perri, R., Johnson, P., Burgess, K., Chau, N., Mcevoy, R. D., Arnardottir, E. S., Thorleifsdottir, B., Olafsson, I., Gislason, T., Tsuiki, S., Fujimatsu, S., Munezawa, T., Sato, Y., Subedi, P., Ainslie, P., Topor, Z., Whitelaw, W., Chan, M., So, H., Lam, H., Ng, S., Chan, I., Lam, C., Saigusa, H., Higurashi, N., He, Z. M., Cui, X. C., Li, J., Dong, X., Lv, Y., Zhou, M., Han, X., An, P., Wang, L., Macey, P. M., Serber, S., Cross, R., Yan-Go, F., Marshall, M., Rees, D., Lee, S. H., Ho Cho, J. I., Shin, C., Lee, J. Y., Kwon, S. Y., Kim, T.-H., Vedam, H., Barnes, D., Walter, H., Karin, J., Hermann, P., Belyavskiy, E., Galitsyn, P., Arbolishvili, G., Litvin, A., Chazova, I., Mareev, V., Ramar, K., Khan, A., Gay, P., Strömberg, A., Ulander, M., Fridlund, B., Mårtensson, J., Yee, B., Desai, A., Buchanan, P., Crompton, R., Melehan, K., Wong, P., Tee, A., Ng, A., Darendeliler, M. A., Ye, L., Maislin, G., Hurley, S., Mccluskey, S., Weaver, T., Yun, C.-H., Ji, K.-H., Ahn, J. Y., Lee, H.-W., Zhang, X., Yin, K., Zhaofang, G., Chong, L., Navailles, B., Zenou, E., Cheze, L., Pignat, J.-C., Tang, T., Remmers, J., Vasilakos, K., Denotti, A., Gilholme, J., Castronovo, V., Marelli, S., Aloia, M., Fantini, M. L., Kuo, T., Manconi, M., Zucconi, M., Ferini-Strambi, L., Livia Fantini, M., Giarolli, L., Oldani, A., Lee, Y., Trenell, M., Berend, N., Wang, M., Liang, Z., Lei, F., Komada, I., Nishikawa, M., Sriram, K., Mignone, L., Antic, R., Fujiwara, K., Beaudry, M., Gauthier, L., Laforte, M., Lavigne, G., Wylie, P., Orr, W., Grover, S., Geisler, P., Engelke, E., Cossa, G., Veitch, E., Brillante, R., Mcardle, N., Murphy, M., Singh, B., Gain, K., Maguire, C., Mutch, S., Brown, S., Asciuto, T., Newsam, C., Fransson, A., Ísacsson, G., Tsou, M.-C., Hsu, S.-P., Almendros, I., Acerbi, I., Vilaseca, I., Dcruz, O., Vaughn, B., Muenzer, J., Lacassagne, L., Montemayor, T., Roch-Paoli, J., Qian, J., Petocz, P., Chan, M. R., Munro, J., Zimmerman, M., Stanchina, M., Millman, R., Cassel, W., Ploch, T., Loh, A., Koehler, U., Jerrentrup, A., Greulich, T., Doyle, G., Pascoe, T., Jorgensen, G., Baglioni, C., Lombardo, C., Espie, C., Violani, C., Edell-Gustafsson, U., Swahn, E., Ejdeback, J., Tygesen, H., Johansson, A., Neckelmann, D., Hilde Nordhus, I., Zs-Kovács, Á., Vámos, E., Zs-Molnár, M., Maisuradze, L., Gugushvili, J., Darchia, N., Gvilia, I., Lortkipanidze, N., Oniani, N., Wang-Weigand, S., Mayer, G., Roth-Schechter, B., Hsu, S.-C., Yang, C.-M., Liu, C.-Y., Ito, H., Omvik, S., Nordhus, I. H., Farber, R., Scharf, M., Harris-Collazo, R., Pereira, J., Andras, S., Ohayon, M., David, B., Morgan, K., Voorn, T., Vis, J., Kuijer, J., Fortier-Brochu, E., Beaulieu-Bonneau, S., Ivers, H., Morin, C., Beaulieu-Benneau, S., Harris, J., Bartlett, D., Paisley, L., Moncada, S., Toelle, B., Bonnet, M. H., Arand, D., Bonnet, J., Bonnet, M., Doi, Y., Edéll-Gustafsson, U., Strijers, R., Fernando, A., Arroll, B., Warman, G., Funakura, M., Shikano, S., Unemoto, Y., Fujisawa, M., Hong, S.-C., Jeong, J.-H., Shin, Y.-K., Han, J.-H., Lee, S.-P., Lee, J.-H., Mignot, E., Nakajima, T., Hayashida, K., Honda, M., Ardestani, P., Etemadifar, M., Nejadnik, H., Maghzi, A. H., Basiri, K., Ebrahimi, A., Davoodi, M., Peraita-Adrados, R., Vicario, J. L., Shin, H.-B., Marti, I., Carriero, L., Fulda, S., Beitinger, P., Pollmacher, T., Lam, J. S. P., Fong, S. Y. Y., Tang, N. L. S., Ho, C. K. W., Li, A. M. C., Wing, Y. K., Guilleminault, C., Black, J., Wells, C., Kantor, S., Janisiewicz, A., Scammell, T., Tanaka, S., Smith, A., Neufing, P., Gordon, T., Fuller, P., Gompf, H., Pedersen, N., Saper, C., Lu, J., Sasai, T., Donjacour, C., Fronczek, R., Le Cessie, S., Lammers, G. J., van Dijk, J. G., Hayashi-Ogawa, Y., Okuda, M., Lam, V. K.-H., Chen, A. L., Ho, C. K.-W., Wing, Y.-K., Lehrhaft, B., Brilliante, R., van Der Zande, W., Overeem, S., van Dijk, G., Lammers, J. G., Opazo, C. J., Jeong, D.-U., Sung, Y. H., Lyoo, I. K., Takahashi, Y., Murasaki, M., Bloch, K., Jung, H., Dahab, M. M., Campos, T. F., Mccabe, S., Maravic, K., Wiggs, L., Connelly, V., Barnes, J., Saito, Y., Ogawa, M., Murata, M., Nadig, U., Rahman, A., Aritake, K., D’Cruz, O., Suzuki, K., Kaji, Y., Takekawa, H., Nomura, T., Yasui, K., Nakashima, K., Bahammam, A., Rab, M. G., Owais, S., Alsuwat, K., Hamam, K., Zs, M., Boroojerdi, B., Giladi, N., Wood, D., Sherman, D., Chaudhuri, R., Partinen, M., Abdo, F., Bloem, B., Kremer, B., Verbeek, M., Cronlein, T., Mueller, U., Hajak, G., Zulley, J., Namba, K., Li, L., Mtsuura, M., Kaneita, Y., Ohida, T., Cappeliez, B., Moutrier, R., De, S., Dwivedi, S., Chambers, D., Gabbay, E., Watanabe, A., Valle, C., Kauati, A., Watanabe, R., Chediek, F., Botte, S., Azevedo, E., Kempf, J., Cizza, G., Torvik, S., Brancati, G., Smirne, N., Bruni, A., Goff, E., Freilich, S., Malaweera, A., Simonds, A., Mathias, C., Morrell, M., Rinsky, B., Fonarow, G., Gradinger, F. P., Boldt, C., Geyh, S., Stucki, A., Dahlberg, A., Michel, F., Savard, M.-H., Savard, J., Quesnel, C., Hirose, K., Takahara, M., Mizuno, K., Sadachi, H., Nagashima, Y., Yada, Y., Cheung, C.-F., Lau, C., Lai, W., Sin, K., Tam, C., Hellgren, J., Omenaas, E., Gíslason, T., Jögi, R., Franklin, K., Torén, K., Wang, F., Kadono, M., Shigeta, M., Nakazawa, A., Ueda, M., Fukui, M., Hasegawa, G., Yoshikawa, T., de Niet, G., Tiemens, B., Lendemeijer, B., Hutschemaekers, G., Gauthier, A.-K., Chevrette, T., Chevrier, E., Bouvier, H., Parry, B., Meliska, C., Nowakowski, S., Lopez, A., Martinez, F., Sorenson, D., Lien, M. L., Lattova, Z., Maurovich-Horvat, E., Nia, S., Pollmächer, T., Poulin, J., Chouinard, S., Stip, E., Guillem, F., Venne, D., Caouette, M., Lamont, M.-E., Lázár, A., Lázár, Z., Bíró, A., Gyõri, M., Tárnok, Z., Prekop, C., Gádoros, J., Halász, P., Bódizs, R., Okun, M., Hanusa, B., Hall, M., Wisner, K., Pereira, M., Kumar, R. A. J. E. S. H., Macey, P. A. U. L., Woo, M. A. R. Y., Serber, S. T. A. C. Y., Valladares, E. D. W. I. N., Harper, R. E. B. E. C. C. A., Harper, R. O. N. A. L. D., Puttonen, S., Härmä, M., Vahtera, J., Kivimäki, M., Lamarche, L., Hemmeter, U. M., Thum, A., Rocamora, R., Giesler, M., Haag, A., Dodel, R., Krieg, J. C., Shechter, A., L’Esperance, P., Boivin, D. B., Vu, M.-T., and Richards, H.

Published
2007
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8. 1070 NOCTURIA AND SLEEP DYSFUNCTION IN MEXICAN WOMEN WITH OSA

Author

Valencia-Flores, M, primary, Santiago-Ayala, V, additional, Resendiz-García, M, additional, Castaño-Meneses, A, additional, Gaytan, G, additional, Morales, K, additional, Menchaca, G, additional, López, E, additional, Aguilar-Salinas, C, additional, and Bliwise, DL, additional

Published
2017
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15. A factor replication of the Sleep-Wake Activity Inventory (SWAI) in a Mexican population.

Author

Valencia-Flores, M, Rosenthal, L, Castaño, V A, Campos, R M, Vergara, P, Resendiz, M, Aguilar, J, Aguilar-Roblero, R, and Bliwise, D L

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the factor structure of the Sleep-Wake Activity Inventory (SWAI) in a Mexican population. In a sample of 722 Mexican college students, we replicated five of the six factors originally described in the SWAI. Retained factors included: excessive daytime sleepiness (similarity coefficient of 0.735), psychic distress (0.609), social desirability (0.638), individual's ability to relax (0.864), and nocturnal sleep (0.660). These results confirm the factor structure and extend the possible utility of the SWAI in a siesta culture.

Published
1997

16. Association between alterations in sleep spindles and cognitive decline in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Author

Villamar-Flores CI, Rodríguez-Violante M, Abundes-Corona A, Alatriste-Booth V, Valencia-Flores M, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Cervantes-Arriaga A, and Solís-Vivanco R

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Sleep, REM physiology, Sleep Stages physiology, Sleep physiology, Electroencephalography, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Parkinson Disease complications, Parkinson Disease psychology, Cognitive Dysfunction physiopathology, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Polysomnography
Abstract

Background: Sleep macro and microstructural features have a relevant role for cognition. Although alterations in sleep macrostructure have been reported in persons with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), it is unknown whether there is a relationship between alterations in microstructure (sleep spindles) and global cognitive deficits in this disease., Objective: To explore the association between the macro and microstructure of sleep (sleep spindles) and the general cognitive state in persons with PD., Methods: Thirty-three patients with idiopathic PD underwent a one-night polysomnography (PSG) and a global cognitive assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. PSG-based macrostructural sleep values and quantification and spectral estimation of sleep spindles were obtained., Results: We found increases in total sleep time, latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and percentage of N1 stage, as well as a decrease in percentage of REM sleep and sleep efficiency compared to values reported in healthy adults. Compared to expected values, a decrease in the number of sleep spindles was found at frontal regions. Participants with cognitive impairment showed an even lower count of sleep spindles, as well as an increase in the amplitude of underlying sigma (12-16 Hz) waves (fast spindles). When exploring MoCA subdomains, we found a consistent relationship between the number and amplitude of sleep spindles and attention capacity., Conclusions: Decreased number and increased amplitude of sleep spindles are linked to cognitive impairment in persons with PD, especially in attention capacity. Therefore, sleep spindles characteristics could serve as prognostic indicators of cognitive deterioration in PD., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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17. Polysomnographic parameters associated with cognitive function in patients with major depression and insomnia.

Author

Olivera-López C, Jiménez-Genchi A, Ortega-Robles D, Valencia-Flores M, Cansino S, and Salvador-Cruz J

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Attention, Memory, Episodic, Memory, Short-Term, Patient Acuity, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Depressive Disorder, Major complications, Depressive Disorder, Major physiopathology, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Polysomnography, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders complications, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders physiopathology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders psychology
Abstract

Objective: To examine whether objective sleep parameters are associated with cognitive function (CF) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with chronic insomnia (CI) and whether the severity of these disorders is related to CF., Method: Thirty patients with MDD with CI attending a tertiary care institution underwent two consecutive nights of polysomnographic (PSG) recording and a battery of neuropsychological tests, which included episodic memory, sustained attention, working memory, and executive function. The severity of MDD and CI was assessed by clinical scales. We examined the relationship between PSG parameters and CF, as well as whether the severity of the disorders is related to CF., Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that total sleep time (TST) was positively associated with higher learning and recall of episodic memory, as well as better attention. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) showed a positive association with better working memory. Furthermore, wake after sleep onset (WASO) was negatively associated with episodic memory and lower attention. No significant relationships were found between the severity of MDD or CI with CF., Conclusion: Both sleep duration and depth are positively associated with several aspects of CF in patients with MDD with CI. Conversely, a lack of sleep maintenance is negatively related to CF in these patients. These findings could help identify modifiable therapeutic targets to reduce CF impairment.

Published
2024
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18. Sleep Quality After Intradialytic Oral Nutrition: A New Benefit of This Anabolic Strategy? A Pilot Study.

Author

González-Ortiz A, Ramos-Acevedo S, Santiago-Ayala V, Gaytan G, Valencia-Flores M, Correa-Rotter R, Carrero JJ, Xu H, and Espinosa-Cuevas Á

Abstract

Background: Since disturbances of appetite and sleep are closely related and both affect metabolic disorders, it would be expected that a renal specific oral nutritional supplement (RS-ONS) that covers the energy the patient does not consume on the HD day, could contribute to improve the nutritional status and body composition, as well as sleep quality. There is still scarce information related to this topic., Aim: To evaluate the effect of the use of intra-dialytic RS-ONS vs. RS-ONS at home on sleep quality, nutritional status, and body composition in patients on HD., Methods: Adult patients < 65 years, with ≥3 months on HD were invited to participate in an open randomized pilot study (ISRCTN 33897). Patients were randomized to a dialysis-specific high-protein supplement provided during the HD session (Intradialytic oral nutrition [ION]) or at home (control), during non-HD days (thrice weekly, for both) 12 weeks. The primary outcome was sleep quality defined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Nutritional assessment included Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometry, 3-day food records, and routine blood chemistries., Results: A total of 23 patients completed the study. Age was median 35 (range 24-48 years), 42% were women. At baseline, the PSQI score was median 4 (range 2-7), and MIS showed a median of 6 (range 5-8); there were no baseline differences between groups. After intervention, both groups improved their MIS scores and similarly when we analyzed the whole cohort (pre- vs. post-intervention P < 0.01). Patients in the ION group improved the overall PSQI score to median 3 (2-5), and assessment of sleep duration and sleep disturbances (pre- vs. post-intervention P < 0.05), with a trend toward an effect difference compared to patients consuming the supplement at home (P for treatment-effect across arms 0.07 for PSQI score and 0.05 for sleep latency)., Conclusion: Oral supplementation improved nutritional status in the whole cohort, but only ION improved the PSQI score. More studies are needed to explore the nutritional strategies that influence the relationship between sleep and nutritional status in HD patients., Competing Interests: JJC reports grant funding from AstraZeneca, ViforPharma and Astellas, consulting for Baxter and AstraZeneca, speaker fees for Abbott, Nutricia, AstraZeneca, and ViforPharma all outside the submitted work. ÁE-C acknowledges speaker honoraria from Abbott Laboratories and AbbVie. AG-O acknowledges being speaker for Abbott Laboratories. RC-R reports grant funding from AstraZeneca, Novonordisk, and Glaxo. Consulting fees for Boheringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Chinook, and all unrelated to the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 González-Ortiz, Ramos-Acevedo, Santiago-Ayala, Gaytan, Valencia-Flores, Correa-Rotter, Carrero, Xu and Espinosa-Cuevas.)

Published
2022
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19. Sleep habits and sleep problems associated with depressive symptoms in school-age children.

Author

Moo-Estrella J, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, and Valencia-Flores M

Subjects
Child, Female, Habits, Humans, Male, Schools, Sleep, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depression epidemiology, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology
Abstract

Problem: Sleep disturbance is a characteristic symptom of depression, but it is also a problem in itself related to the severity of this illness. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine sleep habits and sleep problems associated with increased depressive symptoms in children., Methods: The sample included 524 children equally distributed by gender (51.1% female), with an average age of 10.29 (SD = 1.34) years. The administered instruments were the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Cronbach α = 0.82) and a Sleep Habits and Sleep Problems Questionnaire (α = 0.91)., Findings: The mean score for the CDI was 12.51 (SD = 6.74) and 20% presented symptoms of depression. The linear regression model showed that sleep habits associated with the increase in symptoms of depression were: little sleep, hours of sleep during the week, and wake-up time on weekdays. In the same model, the associated sleep problems were: nocturnal awakenings, nightmares, and difficulty waking up. The presence of these sleep habits and sleep problems increased the score from 2.07 to 13.50 points on the CDI scale., Conclusions: Depressive symptoms increase with the presence of sleep habits related to sleep deprivation and sleep problems related to parasomnias in school-age children., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2022
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20. Partial sleep deprivation on dietary energy intake in healthy population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

González-Ortiz A, López-Bautista F, Valencia-Flores M, and Espinosa Cuevas Á

Subjects
Diet, Humans, Nutrients, Energy Intake physiology, Sleep Deprivation metabolism
Abstract

Introduction: Background: the restriction of nocturnal sleep has immediate effects, including the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, general fatigue, or impaired concentration. In the long term, it increases the risk of death from cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic disorders, and the prevalence of obesity in healthy populations. However, despite the existence of a large number of studies on this topic, results have been controversial. Objective: to discuss and analyze the evidence on the effects of nocturnal sleep restriction versus habitual sleep on dietary energy intake, including specific meals, as well as the relationship between ghrelin and leptin levels in a healthy population. Methods: a systematic search of the literature was conducted in October 2016 and February 2019 using the PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase databases. Terms used were "sleep," "feeding behavior," "dietary energy intake," "energy intake," "meal," "ghrelin," and "leptin." Results: the bibliographic search identified 384 potential articles. Of a total of eight articles accepted in the review, six contain information available for the analysis of total energy intake. The overall result shows a significant difference in energy intake between study groups (149.86 (95 % CI: 10.09-289.63); p = 0.04), and a higher intake of all macronutrients. Conclusions: the present systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that partial sleep deprivation increases total energy intake, as well as all macronutrients, when compared to habitual sleep.

Published
2020
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21. Accessibility and adherence to positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a multicenter study in Latin America.

Author

Nogueira JF, Poyares D, Simonelli G, Leiva S, Carrillo-Alduenda JL, Bazurto MA, Terán G, Valencia-Flores M, Serra L, de Castro JR, Santiago-Ayala V, Pérez-Chada D, Franchi ME, Lucchesi L, Tufik S, and Bittencourt L

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Latin America, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure statistics & numerical data, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive therapy
Abstract

Purpose: Information on access and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is lacking at the regional level in Latin America. This study characterized access and adherence to PAP in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Latin America., Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted at 9 sleep centers across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Adults diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15/h) in the previous 12-18 months were eligible. Anthropometrics, health coverage, and OSA severity data were collected. Data on access to therapy, barriers to access, adherence, and factors related to non-compliance were obtained via standardized telephone survey., Results: Eight hundred eighty patients (70% male, 54 ± 13 years, AHI 49 ± 28/h, body mass index 32 ± 7 kg/m 2 ) were included. Four hundred ninety patients (56%) initiated PAP, 70 (14%) discontinued therapy during the first year (mainly due to intolerance), and 420 (48%) were still using PAP when surveyed. Health insurance was private in 36.9% of patients, via the social security system in 31.1%, and via the state in 13.3%, and 18.7% did not have any coverage; 49.5% of patients had to pay all equipment costs. Reasons for not starting PAP were unclear or absent indication (42%), coverage problems (36%), and lack of awareness of OSA burden (14%). Patients with better adherence were older (55.3 ± 13 vs 52 ± 13; p = 0.002) and had more severe OSA (AHI 51.8 ± 27 vs 45.6 ± 27; p = 0.001)., Conclusions: Less than half moderate-severe OSA patients started and continue to use PAP. Unclear or absent medical indication and financial limitations were the most relevant factors limiting access to therapy.

Published
2020
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22. Intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation: associations with daytime alertness in obese sleep apnea patients living at moderate altitude.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Mokhlesi B, Santiago-Ayala V, Reséndiz-García M, Castaño-Meneses A, Meza-Vargas MS, Mendoza A, Orea-Tejeda A, García-Ramos G, Aguilar-Salinas C, and Bliwise DL

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Polysomnography, Sleep Stages physiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Altitude, Hypoxia complications, Obesity, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications, Wakefulness physiology
Abstract

Background: Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has long been associated with daytime sleepiness, far less is known about its association with the ability to remain awake. The aim of this study was to examine the relative importance of inter-correlated measures of OSA severity (eg, various indices of oxygen saturation and sleep fragmentation) in the ability to stay alert as measured objectively by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), defined by a mean sleep latency of ≥12 min., Methods: Seventy-eight obese women and men of similar age and body mass index living at altitude (Mexico City) underwent standard polysomnography, MWT, and completed validated sleep-related questionnaires., Results: Men had more severe sleep apnea than women (p = 0.002) and were also less alert on MWT (p = 0.022). Logistic regression models indicated that measures of desaturation consistently predicted MWT-defined alertness, whereas varied measures of sleep fragmentation did not. Nearly a third of the variance (r(2) = 0.304) in MWT-defined alertness was accounted for by the number of desaturations per hour of sleep (p = 0.003), which is considerably higher than other studies have reported in different populations., Conclusion: The ability to remain awake in obese patients is best accounted for by hypoxemia rather than sleep fragmentation. Whether the size of this effect reflects differences in the population under study (eg, extent of obesity, racial background, residence at moderate altitude) and/or is a function of the measurement of alertness with the MWT remains uncertain., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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23. [Sleep medicine: development, contributions and perspectives. Report of the work group on sleep medicine].

Author

De-La-Llata-Romero M, Castorena-Maldonado A, Corsi-Cabrera M, Díaz M, Haro-Valencia R, Jiménez-Genchi A, Meza-Vargas MS, Pérez-Padilla R, Próspero-García O, Reyes-Zúñiga M, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Valencia-Flores M, and Velázquez-Moctezuma J

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Humans, Risk Factors, Clinical Medicine, Sleep Wake Disorders complications, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology
Abstract

Sleep is a basic biological process that has an impact on all the functions of the body, and interacts bidirectionally with virtually all of the body systems, so that the sleep disorders are associated with disturbances in other systems, either respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, etc., and vice versa. The complexity of the regulatory mechanisms of sleep and the variety of their disorders, together with the clinical evidence accumulated in recent decades, have led to the birth of a new branch in medicine: the Sleep Medicine, with well defined intrinsic disorders. The consequences of sleep deprivation or fragmentation induced by changes in social and work dynamics, as well as sleep disorders have harmful effects on individuals in the short and long-term, the most important are an elevated risk for vehicular and occupational accidents, cardiovascular damage, cognitive impairment, obesity, diabetes mellitus, among others, impacting individuals of all ages. The sleep clinics and laboratories in Mexico, have made significant contributions, at both the basic and clinical levels, for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders; however, without a specific health policy, we will continue to commit resources only on the attention of its effects and not on prevention, making the impact on the economy and quality of life of patients with sleep disorders, much higher than in developed countries. It is necessary to build a program of medical care to incorporate the Sleep Medicine in the priorities of medical care in the National Institutions of Health at all levels. Solutions and guides to optimize the achievement of the proposed results, and increase efficiency and effectiveness of the resources applied in this new field of Medicine are offered.

Published
2011

24. Caffeine challenge in insomniac patients after total sleep deprivation.

Author

Salín-Pascual RJ, Valencia-Flores M, Campos RM, Castaño A, and Shiromani PJ

Subjects
Adult, Delta Rhythm, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Electrooculography, Female, Humans, Male, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders diagnosis, Sleep, REM physiology, Caffeine therapeutic use, Central Nervous System Stimulants therapeutic use, Sleep Deprivation complications, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders drug therapy, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders etiology
Abstract

Background and Purpose: This study compared the effects of caffeine in patients with primary insomnia and normal volunteers. The main goal was to determine the differences in sensitivity to caffeine between the groups. We investigated the effects on daytime sleep of placebo or caffeine after a night of total sleep deprivation (SD). We hypothesized that insomniacs would be more affected by caffeine, which would suggest a change in adenosine receptor (number or sensitivity) in primary insomniacs., Patients and Methods: Six primary insomnia patients (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)) and six normal volunteers with no sleep complaints participated in a double-blind study with caffeine or placebo administered under a cross-over design with each subject serving as his or her own control. The participants did not have a history of drinking coffee or caffeinated beverages. Data from all-night polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were collected in the sleep research laboratory of National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán., Results: During the baseline night, patients with insomnia had significantly less delta sleep and less total sleep time than the normal volunteers. Mean sleep latency under basal MSLT did not differ between the groups. However, insomnia patients had significantly less total sleep during each nap compared to normal volunteers. After one night of total SD and under caffeine administration, the insomniacs had significantly longer sleep latency and less total sleep time in MSLT compared to normal volunteers. After SD, healthy volunteers reduced sleep latencies in MSLT with or without caffeine., Conclusions: Patients with insomnia had a higher sensitivity to the diurnal awakening effect of caffeine even after one night of SD. This suggests that changes in the adenosine receptors could, in part, be responsible for the hyperarousal state that has been reported in primary insomnia.

Published
2006
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25. Effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome, electrocardiogram, and pulmonary arterial pressure.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Orea A, Herrera M, Santiago V, Rebollar V, Castaño VA, Oseguera J, Pedroza J, Sumano J, Resendiz M, and García-Ramos G

Subjects
Adult, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Comorbidity, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Polysomnography, Pulmonary Artery physiopathology, Gastric Bypass, Gastroplasty, Obesity, Morbid epidemiology, Sleep Apnea Syndromes epidemiology, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology
Abstract

Background: We evaluated the impact of surgically-induced weight loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS), electrocardiographic changes, pulmonary arterial pressure and daytime sleepiness in morbidly obese patients., Methods: 16 women and 13 men (n=29) underwent bariatric surgery in a 3-year period. The following tests were performed before and 1 year after surgery: nocturnal polysomnography, daytime Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and echocardiogram., Results: Mean age was 37.9+/-11 years (range 20-56). Preoperative body mass index was 56.5+/-12.3 kg/m(2) and it was 39.2+/-8.5 kg/m(2) at 13.7+/-6.6 months follow-up. Performed surgical procedures included: vertical banded gastroplasty in 6, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 12, and Distal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 11. Weight loss induced by surgery eliminated OSAHS in 46% of obese patients with an important improvement in oxygen saturation. Neck, thorax, waist and hip circumferences decreased significantly after surgical intervention but only neck circumference correlated significantly with the apnea/hypopnea index (Spearman rho=0.63, P <0.0001). Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in 9 patients (31%) before surgery (sinus arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmias, and sinus arrest). The number of electrocardiographic abnormalities decreased after surgery but new abnormalities appeared in some patients. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure significantly decreased in the group of patients in whom OSAHS disappeared after surgery. Daytime sleepiness persisted after surgery in most patients., Conclusion: Bariatric surgery effectively reduces respiratory disturbances during sleep and improves pulmonary hypertension. Electro cardiographic abnormalities change after surgery. Daytime sleepiness appeared not to be related to respiratory disturbances during sleep.

Published
2004
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26. Abnormal SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging during periods of obstructive sleep apnea in morbid obese patients without known heart disease.

Author

Orea-Tejeda A, Valencia-Flores M, Castillo-Martinez L, Rebollar-Gonzalez V, González-Barranco J, Castaño A, Asensio E, Dorantes-Garcia J, Sepulveda-Mendez J, Oseguera-Moguel J, García-Ramos G, and Cano A

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Coronary Circulation, Heart diagnostic imaging, Obesity, Morbid complications, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
Abstract

Objective: Determine the myocardial perfusion characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea and its possible role in cardiovascular damage., Methods and Procedures: Fourteen patients from the Obesity Clinic weighing less than 130 kg underwent myocardial perfusion studies using single photon emission computed tomography with technetium 99m-labeled sestamibi during nighttime polysomnographic recordings. Coronary angiograms were performed on patients with suspect of severe coronary obstruction according nighttime myocardial perfusion studies or pharmacological stress carried out during waking hours., Results: All 14 patients manifested myocardial perfusion defects during sleep, affecting an average of 5.5 segments/patient, although only 8 presented ischemic ST segment changes and none demonstrated rhythm or conduction disturbances. Angiographic examination of the 10 patients with the most severe perfusion defects did not reveal significant coronary obstruction, and fewer perfusion defects were documented during daytime scintigraphy., Discussion: In obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea, myocardial perfusion defects appear to occur with highest frequency and severity during nighttime sleep, justifying further investigation in a larger number of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and more significant obesity.

Published
2003

27. Prevalence of sleep apnea and electrocardiographic disturbances in morbidly obese patients.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Orea A, Castaño VA, Resendiz M, Rosales M, Rebollar V, Santiago V, Gallegos J, Campos RM, González J, Oseguera J, García-Ramos G, and Bliwise DL

Subjects
Adult, Arrhythmias, Cardiac epidemiology, Arrhythmias, Cardiac physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Morbid physiopathology, Polysomnography methods, Prevalence, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Arrhythmias, Cardiac complications, Obesity, Morbid complications, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications
Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients and its relationship with cardiac arrhythmias., Research Methods and Procedures: Fifty-two consecutive morbidly obese (body mass index > or = 40 kg/m2) outpatients from the Obesity Clinic of the National Institute of Nutrition Salvador Zubirán underwent two nights of polysomnography with standard laboratory techniques. Electrocardiographic polysomnography signals (Lead II) were evaluated by two experienced cardiologists, and sleep complaints were measured with a standard sleep questionnaire (Sleep Disorders Questionnaire). In order to make comparisons between groups with different severities of sleep-disordered breathing, we classified the patients in four groups using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): Group 1, AHI 5 < 15 (n = 10); Group 2, AHI 15 < 30 (n = 10); Group 3, AHI 30 < 65 (n = 14); Group 4, AHI > or = 65 (n = 17)., Results: A wide range of sleep-disordered breathing, ranging from AHI of 2.5 to 128.9 was found. Ninety-eight percent of the sample (n = 51) had an AHI > or = 5 (mean = 51 +/- 37), and 33% had severe sleep apnea with AHI > or = 65 with a mean nocturnal desaturation time of <65% over 135 minutes. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in 31% of the patients. Cardiac rhythm alterations showed an association with the level of sleep-disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation., Discussion: We conclude that there is a high prevalence of sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients and that the risk for cardiac arrhythmias increases in this population in the presence of a severe sleep apnea (AHI > or = 65) with severe oxygen desaturation (SaO2 < or = 65%).

Published
2000
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28. Objective and subjective sleep disturbances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Resendiz M, Castaño VA, Santiago V, Campos RM, Sandino S, Valencia X, Alcocer J, Ramos GG, and Bliwise DL

Subjects
Adult, Depression complications, Female, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic physiopathology, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic complications, Sleep Wake Disorders etiology, Sleep Wake Disorders psychology
Abstract

Objective: To assess objective and subjective evidence of sleep disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to examine correlations between parameters of lupus activity, depression, and sleep disturbances., Methods: Fourteen SLE patients and 11 normal control subjects of similar age underwent all-night polysomnography on 3 consecutive nights. The patients and controls were also evaluated for daytime sleepiness by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and completed a sleep disorders questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory., Results: The polysomnographic data showed that sleep in SLE patients was characterized by respiratory and movement disorders. These intrinsic primary sleep disorders are related to the symptom of restless, poor sleep at night. Lupus patients were more sleepy during the day, and their sleepiness was related to sleep fragmentation, with more arousals and stage transitions than the control group. Disease activity was associated with decreases in sleep efficiency and delta sleep and with increases in sleep fragmentation. Depression was not correlated with the activity of the disease., Conclusion: There is an enhanced presence of sleep disorders in patients with SLE. The most frequent primary sleep disorders are respiratory and movement disorders.

Published
1999
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29. The siesta culture concept is not supported by the sleep habits of urban Mexican students.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Castaño VA, Campos RM, Rosenthal L, Resendiz M, Vergara P, Aguilar-Roblero R, García Ramos G, and Bliwise DL

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Sleep drug effects, Snoring diagnosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Culture, Sleep physiology, Students psychology, Urban Population
Abstract

Evidence in support for the concept of the so-called 'siesta culture' is not well developed and has, to date, relied largely on qualitative anthropological data. Presumably such cultures are characterized by a strong tendency for daytime naps and daytime sleepiness, phenomena which may partially represent the effects of geographic, climatic or light conditions and/or cultural influences. In this study we surveyed the nocturnal sleep habits and daytime sleep tendencies of 577 Mexican college students residing in Mexico City (19 degrees N latitude). Results indicated a number of parallels between the reported sleep habits of these students and those reported from other cultures at latitudes far to the north (North America, Europe), such as longer sleep at the weekends, an association between snoring and daytime sleepiness and a lack of relationship between nocturnal sleep duration and the reported tendency to nap. There was some suggestion that these Mexican students may actually nap less when compared to other college student populations. Taken together, these results call into question what is meant by the concept of a 'siesta culture', at least in this urban, educated, upper social economic scale (SES) population, and suggest that future studies in equatorial regions be undertaken to further appreciate the role of climate, photoperiod and/or culture in the tendency for humans to nap during the day.

Published
1998
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30. Cognitive function in patients with sleep apnea after acute nocturnal nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment: sleepiness and hypoxemia effects.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Bliwise DL, Guilleminault C, Cilveti R, and Clerk A

Subjects
Adult, Arousal physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders psychology, Female, Humans, Hypoxia diagnosis, Hypoxia psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Polysomnography, Reaction Time physiology, Sleep Apnea Syndromes psychology, Sleep Apnea Syndromes therapy, Sleep Stages physiology, Cognition Disorders physiopathology, Hypoxia physiopathology, Positive-Pressure Respiration, Sleep Apnea Syndromes physiopathology, Wakefulness physiology
Abstract

Patients with sleep apnea are typically hypersomnolent during the daytime and may demonstrate higher order cognitive dysfunction. A persistent problem in interpreting impaired neuropsychological test performance in such patients is whether the observed deficits can be explained wholly by impaired vigilance. We examined 37 sleep apnea patients prior to and immediately subsequent to successful sleep apnea treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Patients were evaluated immediately after morning awakening in the sleep lab. A brief neuropsychological evaluation, was administered at that time. Following this, alertness was measured with a 30-min polysomnographically determined sleep latency test. Both test (approximately 50 min in duration) were performed once following a baseline (diagnostic) night in the sleep lab and once in the morning following a CPAP (therapeutic) night in the lab. Subgroup analyses indicted that while vigilance impairment can account for some of the decreased test performance seen in sleep apnea (auditory verbal learning) the effects of severe nocturnal hypoxemia appear to affect other function (sustained attention in repetitive arithmetic calculations) that were not easily modified by treatment. Thus, performance on the recall trial of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test increased from pre-CPAP to post-CPAP for the increased alertness group but decreased significantly for the decreased alertness group. On the Wilkinson Addition Test, non-hypoxemic patients showed statistically significant improvement in problems correctly solved from pre-CPAP to post-CPAP, but the hypoxemic patients showed only a marginal increase. These results are compatible with other studies suggesting that patients having sleep apnea may incur deficits as a result of both decreased vigilance and hypoxemia, and that at least some of these deficits are immediately reversible.

Published
1996
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31. Sleep onset: scoring criteria in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Bliwise DL, and Guilleminault C

Subjects
Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polysomnography, Time Factors, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes physiopathology
Abstract

It has been suggested that in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) modified scoring criteria may improve accuracy in the determination of sleep onset in the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Scoring in 30-sec epochs according to the standard criteria requires more than 50% of the epoch asleep to score sleep latency (SL). In patients with SAS, short apneas with arousals could prevent the accurate determination of SL. This study compared three time-duration epochs (5-sec, 10-sec, 30-sec) for scoring SL in patients with SAS. Sleep onset during a single sleep latency test, the morning subsequent to a nocturnal polysomnogram, was determined by the criterion of at least 50% of the epoch asleep. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed immediately after the single sleep latency test. There was no statistically significant difference in time to fall asleep as defined by 10-sec and 30-sec epochs, but SL defined by 5-sec epochs was significantly shorter than SL defined by 10-sec and 30-sec epochs. Wilkinson Addition Test correct score correlated better with SL as defined by 30-sec epochs. The results imply that the level of sleepiness measured by 30-sec epochs may be more useful to appreciate behavior and performance.

Published
1995
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32. Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and sleep apnea in aged women.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Campos RM, Méndez J, Haro R, Schenkel E, Bliwise D, and Guilleminault C

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Polysomnography, Aged, Sleep physiology, Sleep Apnea Syndromes physiopathology
Abstract

Sleep disturbance and the tendency to sleep during the day were assessed polysomnographically in 31 elderly women (mean age = 76.7 +/- 3.6 SD) recruited from a senior citizen's living facility without reference to sleep-wake complaints. The data showed that the level of sleepiness during the day in each subject depended in part on the severity of her respiratory disturbance. It was found that the group (n = 7) of elderly females with apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) higher than 20 was more sleepy [multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) = 7.9 +/- 2) than the group (n = 10) with AHI > 5 but less than 20 (MSLT = 12.7 +/- 5). Nevertheless, the presence and severity of respiratory disturbance were not the only factors that influenced the level of sleepiness during the day in the studied sample. A subgroup of four elderly females showed a marked sleepiness during the four tested periods (MSLT = 5.2 +/- 0.6) with a very low respiratory disturbance index (AHI = 5.5 +/- 0.8).

Published
1993
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33. Gender differences in sleep architecture in sleep apnoea syndrome.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Bliwise DL, Guilleminault C, Rhoads NP, and Clerk A

Abstract

This study compared sleep architecture in women and men with sleep apnoea syndrome. Women (n = 126) had longer sleep latencies, greater amounts of slow wave sleep, and fewer awakenings during the night than men (n = 181), despite no differences in age, RDI (Respiratory Disturbance Index) or oxygen saturation. In a subgroup of men and women treated with nasal CPAP, gender differences generally persisted. There was no difference in the complaint of daytime sleepiness between the groups, but the women reported more fatigue during the day than the men, as well as complaining about more sleep disturbance at night. We interpret these differences in terms of known gender differences in sleep architecture and sleep complaints.

Published
1992
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34. Adipsic, but not anorectic, effect of fluprazine hydrochloride in rats.

Author

Colotla VA, Mendoza L D, Valencia-Flores M, Dorantes ME, Luján M, and Campos-Sepúlveda E

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Eating drug effects, Piperazines pharmacology, Thirst drug effects
Abstract

The present experiment explored the anorectic and adipsic effects of fluprazine hydrochloride, a phenylpiperazine compound. Thirty-eight albino rats were randomly assigned either to a control saline group (six rats) or to groups (eight subjects each) receiving an IP dose of fluprazine in saline (1.25, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg). No anorectic effect of the drug doses was observed 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min, and 24 h after drug injection. However, water drinking was significantly decreased 30 min after drug administration, with 5 and 10 mg/kg, compared to saline.

Published
1992
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35. Behavioral and biochemical correlates of chronic administration of quipazine.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Campos-Sepulveda E, Galindo-Morales JA, Lujan M, and Colotla VA

Subjects
Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Brain drug effects, Drug Tolerance, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Tissue Distribution, Brain metabolism, Drinking drug effects, Eating drug effects, Quinolines pharmacology, Quipazine pharmacology, Serotonin metabolism
Abstract

In Experiment 1 groups of rats received single injections of 1, 3, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg quipazine, and their total 24-hr food and water intake after a 24-hr deprivation period was recorded; there was a dose-related reduction of both food and water intake. In Experiment 2 a group of 15 rats received 5 mg/kg/day, SC quipazine during 29 days, and a control group received saline injections. During treatment, all animals were exposed to a 24-hr food and water deprivation schedule, alternated with 24 hr of free access. Food and water consumption was measured 2 and 24 hr after drug injection; regional 5-HT concentrations were determined at 1 and 13 treatment days by fluorometric assay. Beginning the first treatment day, food and water intake decreased, but by the 13th day the quipazine group had returned to normal ingestion levels. 5-HT concentrations were increased in cerebellum and cortex in acute conditions, but after 13 days they had decreased in cerebellar samples. In Experiment 3 we found that the effects of quipazine on food and water ingestion were recovered after 14 days of discontinuing chronic drug administration.

Published
1990
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36. Super-reactivity to amphetamine toxicity induced by schedule of reinforcement.

Author

Valencia-Flores M, Velázquez-Martínez DN, and Villarreal JE

Subjects
Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Diuresis drug effects, Drinking drug effects, Eating drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reinforcement Schedule, Water, Conditioning, Operant drug effects, Dextroamphetamine toxicity
Abstract

The chronic exposure of rats to a schedule of operant water reinforcement coupled with chronically restricted access to water sensitized the animals to intermittent d-amphetamine injections (0.31-2.5 mg/kg with intervals of 12-23 days between any two injections) in such a way that this drug came to produce catastrophic losses of body weight (32.4% of control levels). In the sessions when d-amphetamine was administered, the rats were also given a total of 12 brief electric shocks. Loss of body weight was unaccompanied by parallel changes in operant behavior performance, or in food or water intake. Remarkably, in other studies with the same interventions (sham schedule sessions, water deprivation, and foot shocks), with the exception that reinforcers were never delivered, d-amphetamine did not produce catastrophic falls in body weight. This super-reactivity to d-amphetamine toxicity may be mediated by a possible stressor action of the schedule of reinforcement. Its mechanism might be analogous to the known sensitization produced by classical experimental stressor stimuli to the repeated administration of d-amphetamine.

Published
1990
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