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A host of anti-hyperglycemic agents are currently available and widely prescribed for diabetes and weight loss management. In patients undergoing surgery, use of these agents poses a clinical challenge to surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other perioperative care providers with regard to optimal timing of discontinuation and resumption of use, as well as possible effects of these agents on physiology and risk of postoperative complications. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of anti-hyperglycemic medications' effects on physiology, risks/benefits, and best practice management in the perioperative setting. Additionally, we report an illustrative case of small bowel obstruction in a patient taking semaglutide for 6 months prior to an otherwise uncomplicated laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. This review is meant to serve not as a replacement of, but rather as a consolidated complement to, various society guidelines regarding perioperative anti-hyperglycemic agent management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe maternal morbidity is a composite measure of serious obstetric complications that is often identified in administrative data using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis and procedure codes for a set of 21 indicators. Prior studies of screen-positive cases have demonstrated low predictive value for ICD codes relative to the medical record. To our knowledge, the validity of ICD-10 codes for identifying severe maternal morbidity has not been fully described. Methods: We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ICD-10 codes for severe maternal morbidity occurring at delivery, compared with medical record abstraction (gold standard), for 1,000 deliveries that took place during 2016–2018 at a large, public hospital. Results: We identified a total of 67 cases of severe maternal morbidity using the ICD-10 definition and 74 cases in the medical record. The sensitivity was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16%, 37%), the positive predictive value was 28% (95% CI = 18%, 41%), the specificity was 95% (95% CI = 93%, 96%), and the negative predictive value was 94% (95% CI = 92%, 96%). Conclusions: The validity of ICD-10 codes for severe maternal morbidity in our high-burden population was poor, suggesting considerable potential for bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As evidenced by the 2021 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Müllerian Anomaly Classification (ASRM MAC), there are numerous possible configurations of the female genitourinary system. Some anomalies place patients at higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, fetal malpresentation, and preterm labor. Correct characterization of Müllerian anomalies is critical for proper infertility treatment and pregnancy counseling. This case study of a 32-year-old nulliparous woman describes the radiographic modalities utilized in the diagnosis of a complex Müllerian anomaly. To characterize the Müllerian anomaly, the patient underwent a 2D transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), saline infusion sonohysterogram (SIS) with 3D reconstruction, and second-opinion interpretation of a previous MRI. Radiographic diagnoses were conflicting among different modalities. While the saline infusion sonohysterogram suggested a bicornuate uterus, the MRI of the anomaly was interpreted as a uterine didelphys. Furthermore, TVUS and MRI indicated the presence of two cervices, while only one cervix was appreciated with SIS. Given the inconsistent interpretation of her anomaly, the patient was brought to the operating room. After direct visualization with exam and hysteroscopy, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a uterine didelphys with a communication of endometrial cavities in the lower uterine segment, two cervices, a hypoplastic right vagina, and a longitudinal vaginal septum extending to the hymen. The patient was counseled that this anomaly is not expected to impact natural conception and would not require surgical resection. The patient went on to conceive spontaneously in the right uterine horn, with a plan for primary cesarean delivery. This case was of sufficient complexity that an accurate diagnosis was not made until physical exam and hysteroscopic visualization verified findings from MRI and ultrasonographic imaging. Appropriately describing a Müllerian anomaly according to the 2021 ASRM MAC is crucial, and multiple forms of imaging and physical examination may be necessary to accurately characterize uterine anomalies., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Valdez-Sinon et al.)