Search

This study investigates the distribution and morphometrics of the little sleeper shark, Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827), in the Mediterranean Sea. Ten sharks caught as bycatch between 2009 and 2019 in the northern sectors of the Strait of Sicily, the south Tyrrhenian Sea, the northwestern Ionian Sea, and the south Adriatic Sea using drifting longlines, as well as five retrieved from the Tripoli (Libya) marketplace, were morphologically confirmed to represent S. rostratus. The sharks exhibited typical characteristics for this species and were all caught from deep waters, indicating a potential mesopelagic habit. The study also utilized literature reviews and global databases for a comprehensive mapping of S. rostratus distribution in the Mediterranean Sea, which revealed sporadic occurrences in the eastern Mediterranean and an absence in the north Adriatic Sea. Morphometric data provided insights into the reproductive characteristics of S. rostratus. The study highlights the ecological significance of the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) for the species, indicating it as a likely spawning area, and underscores the impact of the interactions between sharks and pelagic drifting swordfish fisheries in the Mediterranean, which result in increased mortality rates for threatened shark and ray species. Prioritizing conservation measures for endangered elasmobranch populations is crucial for maintaining marine ecosystem balance and ensuring fishery resource sustainability.

El presente artículo se propone ofrecer al lector una visión panorámica de las principales adquisiciones críticas relativas a la formación juvenil de Dante Alighieri. A lo largo de siete siglos de estudios, las fuentes de las que bebió el futuro autor de la Comedia siguen siendo en buena medida conjeturales, lo cual no quita que los análisis de archivo más recientes y algunos proyectos de investigación en continuo desarrollo han permitido ampliar al respecto nuestros horizontes de conocimientos.

Air quality in cities with large maritime ports is considerably impacted by emissions from shipping activity which is of a growing relevance due to an increasing relative contribution. To explore the extent of shipping emissions to ambient air quality, simulations with the chemical transport model LOTOS-EUROS (LOng Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog model) were performed for the year 2018 at an approximate 1 × 1 km resolution for six European cities with large ports, i.e., Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Le Havre, and London. It was found that depending on the investigated city, 6.5%–62% of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in the city centres is attributable to shipping activities. This corresponds to contributions of 1.8–11.5 μg/m3 to the ambient air NO2 concentrations. The average NO2 contribution of shipping in these six cities was 28% (7.1 μg/m3). The largest relative contribution was found for Le Havre where 62% (10.8 μg/m3) of the annual average NO2 concentration was caused by shipping emissions. The largest absolute contribution is found for the city centre of Hamburg with 11.5 μg/m3 (41%). The lowest absolute and relative contribution (respectively 1.8 μg/m3 and 6.5%) are found for London, also having the smallest port in terms of tonnage throughput, which is one of the influential factors that determine emission totals, investigated in this study. For the other investigated pollutants, i.e., PM2.5, PM10 and SO2, contributions from shipping were less pronounced with average contribution for all cities of 10% (1.2 μg/m3) 7% (1.5 μg/m3) and 4% (0.16 μg/m3) respectively. To assess the effect of model choices on these results, this study also looked into the choice of simulation resolution and relations between meteorological parameters and NO2 concentrations. Following simulations with varying chemical transport model resolutions (1 × 1 km to 24 × 24 km), it is found that a decrease in ambient air pollutant concentrations away from localized emission sources is more pronounced at higher (1 × 1 km) model resolutions and source contributions are influenced more significantly than total concentrations. Considering meteorology, generally low wind speeds (1–2 m/s) lead to high NO2 concentration in city centres. For the cities where the port is much closer to the city centre (e.g., London, Le Havre, Hamburg and Antwerp) the absolute NO2 concentrations as well as the contributions from shipping emissions become highest for windless conditions. The high concentrations (>60 μg/m3 NO2) only occur when wind speeds fall below 6 m/s.

El artículo se propone ofrecer una aproximación al tema de la religiosidad de la música de Mozart. A través de unos ejemplos célebres se intentará demostrar como todas las obras mozartianas pueden considerarse expresión de una religiosidad entendida como intento de captación y expresión, consciente o inconsciente, de una realidad metafísica.

Background: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain syndrome NIH-class III is a widespread condition affecting men universally, with existing treatments showing limited success. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a natural supplement, composed of Serenoa repens, Solanum lycopersicum, lycopene, and bromelain, in managing symptoms of this condition among a substantial patient group. Methods: In this prospective study, 245 patients diagnosed with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain syndrome NIH-class III were treated with the aforementioned supplement, alongside lifestyle alterations, such as refraining from spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, and cycling, for a duration of three months. Patients’ progress was assessed at one and three months using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the International Prostate Symptom Index (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) scores, and changes in total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: The supplement was well received with no serious adverse events reported. Significant improvements were observed in NIH-CPSI scores, IPSS, QoL scores, and a substantial decrease in total PSA levels at three months compared to baseline, with a positive trend noted from one-month to three-month evaluations. This was consistent in either patients with predominantly voiding or storage urinary symptoms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that this natural supplement in conjunction with lifestyle changes could offer a safe and effective alternative treatment for patients suffering from Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain syndrome NIH-class III. However, these findings require validation through further large-scale randomized controlled trials.

Perovskite solar cells have become a popular alternative to traditional silicon solar cells due to their potential to provide high-efficiency, low-cost, and lightweight solar energy harvesting solutions. However, the multilayer architecture of perovskite solar cells demands careful investigation of the interaction and interfacing between the various layers, as they play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of the cell. In this context, the present work aims at analyzing the coupling between a spongy transparent electron-transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite in a formulation CsPbI3:EuI2. The ETL used in this work is a transparent mesoporous TiO2 layer called “gig-lox” (grazing incidence angle geometry–local oxidation), which has been optimized to boost the interfacing with the perovskite for achieving a highly interconnected blend of materials. The gig-lox TiO2 ETL shows a high surface wettability with respect to the perovskite solution, especially after pre-annealing at 500 °C, and this enables the perovskite material to deeply infiltrate throughout it. The surface wettability of the gig-lox TiO2 has been estimated by contact angle measurements, while the deep infiltration of the perovskite material has been demonstrated through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Thanks to the achieved deep infiltration, the photo-generated charge injection from the perovskite into the mesoporous oxide is enhanced with respect to the use of a planar compact oxide, as shown by the photoluminescence measurements. The mainstay of the approach resides in the ETL that is deposited by a solvent-free sputtering method and is up-scalable for high industrial throughput.

In a previous study, we assessed the efficiency of reducing either traffic or industrial emissions on various ozone metrics for several cities in Europe, based on the Air Control Toolbox surrogate model. Here, we perform various model parametrisation sensitivity analyses in order to assess the robustness of our results. We find that increasing the model resolution has a limited impact on the ozone response to emission changes when focusing on concentration peaks but strongly changes the response of the ozone daily mean with a switch to a titration regime for all zones with significant nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. The impact of pollution imported from outside the simulation domain was also studied and we show that if the first lever for action on ozone peaks remains as the reduction of local and regional emissions, in order to achieve higher levels of reduction, it is necessary to act at a European level. We also explore more up-to-date temporal profiles and sectoral emission speciation and find a shift towards a more NOx-limited regime in a number of cities. Overall, these sensitivity tests show that most of the differences are simulated in cities with high NOx emissions and little solar radiation but do not change the overall conclusions that were previously obtained.

Efficient nutritional support plays a pivotal role in the rehabilitation of sea turtles, ensuring a positive, swift, and successful recovery from clinical conditions for their reintroduction into the wild. For sea turtles in severely emaciated and underweight condition, the primary objective is to facilitate weight gain in terms of both muscle mass and fat reserves. Traditionally, many sea turtle rehabilitators have employed the practice of force-feeding, which also involves the daily insertion of an orogastric tube from the mouth to the stomach. However, this technique may be highly stressful for the animals, carrying the risks of regurgitation and potential harm, requiring the removal of the animal from the water, and subjecting it to uncomfortable and potentially dangerous handling. The procedure may also involve risks for operators. In this study, we explore the utilization of a permanent esophago-gastric tube (EG tube) in sea turtles as an alternative to force-feeding, providing a respectful and appropriate approach to meeting the nutritional needs of patients. The administration of food, essential medications, and fluids is performed directly with the turtle in its tank, minimizing the stress associated with handling, while ensuring the safety of operators. The study involves 195 marine turtles that underwent surgery for the placement of a permanent EG tube between 2008 and 2022. Of these, 116 animals were treated at the Sea Turtle Clinic of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Bari, South Adriatic Sea, Puglia (IT), and 79 patients were admitted to the Sea Turtle Rescue Center of Lampedusa, Central Mediterranean Sea, Sicily (IT). The loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) required EG tube placement due to their poor condition related to various diseases, which were systematically categorized. The duration of EG tube placement was analyzed regarding the specific condition of the animals and the nature of their injuries, considering any complications or differences between the two facilities. The results of the study will provide valuable information for the ongoing care and treatment of marine turtles in rehabilitation facilities.

Notre invitation à la lecture, avec ce numéro de la revue M@GM@, souhaite exhorter une écoute sensible. Une écoute sensible orientée vers les valeurs humaines. Les tensions éthiquement créatives de ces écrits postulent un regard différent et non indifférent aux autres et au monde. L’éveil d’un langage du cœur.

In this study, we explore the potential of a blended material comprising CsPbI3:EuCl3 perovskite and Gig-Lox TiO2, a unique transparent spongy material known for its multi-branched porous structure, for application in solar cells. The inclusion of EuCl3 in CsPbI3 serves to stabilize the photoactive γ-phase with a bandgap of 1.75 eV, making it suitable for solar energy conversion in tandem solar cells. Our study applies X-ray-based techniques to investigate the structural properties and interfacial behavior within this blended material, in comparison with a reference perovskite layer deposited on glass. In addition, Spectroscopic ellipsometry is complemented with density functional theory calculations and photoluminescence measurements to elucidate the absorption and radiative emission properties of the blend. Notably, our findings reveal a significant quenching of photoluminescence within the blended material, underscoring the pivotal role of the distributed interfaces in facilitating efficient carrier injection from the CsPbI3:EuCl3 perovskite into the Gig-Lox TiO2 sponge. These findings pave the way for the application of the blend as an Electron Transport Layer (ETL) in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells for tandem and building integrated photovoltaics.

El ms. 10186 de la BNE encierra uno de los textos más interesantes del panorama cultural de la España del Siglo XV: la primera traducción al castellano, y, al mismo tiempo, a una lengua vernácula, de la Comedia de Dante, recuperada en 1899 por el filólogo italiano Mario Schiff. Que dicha traducción sea la que Enrique de Villena afirma haber realizado a petición del marqués de Santillana es algo que, después de más de un siglo de estudios, no es posible demostrar todavía, y son muchas las cuestiones que necesitan ser aclaradas. A las puertas del séptimo centenario de la muerte de Alighieri, se vuelve la mirada hacia un documento todavía capaz de suscitar muchas preguntas.

Abstract Sea turtles that are entrapped in static and towed nets may develop gas embolism which can lead to severe organ injury and death. Trawling characteristics, physical and physiologic factors associated with gas-embolism and predictors of mortality were analysed from 482 bycaught loggerheads. We found 204 turtles affected by gas-embolism and significant positive correlations between the presence of gas-embolism and duration, depth, ascent rate of trawl, turtle size and temperature, and between mortality and ascent time, neurological deficits, significant acidosis and involvement of > 12 cardiovascular sites and the left atrium and sinus venosus-right atrium. About 90% turtles with GE alive upon arrival at Sea Turtle Clinic recovered from the disease without any supportive drug therapy. Results of this study may be useful in clinical evaluation, prognostication, and management for turtles affected by gas-embolism, but bycatch reduction must become a priority for major international organizations. According to the results of the present study the measures to be considered to reduce the catches or mortality of sea turtles for trawling are to be found in the modification of fishing nets or fishing operations and in greater awareness and education of fishermen.

Background: Phytotherapeutic agents aroused an increasing interest either as alternative or in addition to conventional therapy in the management of BPH. The aim of the article was to evaluate the clinical and functional changes after add-on treatment with Serenoa repens associated with Solanum lycopersicum, lycopene and bromelain in patients with BPH presenting with mild to moderate LUTS and previously treated only with Alfuzosin over a 6–12 months period. Materials and methods: Between January and July 2019, patients with symptomatic BPH already on treatment with Alfuzosin (Al) 10 mg for at least 6–12-month were enrolled at three academic referral centres, included in a prospective treatment group, and managed with a combination treatment of Al and 6-month daily oral single-tablet supplementation of Serenoa repens and Solanum lycopersicum + lycopene + bromelain (SeR + SL + Ly + Br). A retrospective control group with comparable baseline characteristics was obtained by performing a propensity score matching from a database of 434 patients managed with Alfuzosin 10 mg/day only over a 6–12 months period between March 2015 and December 2018. IPSS, QoL questionnaires, voiding diary assessment, postvoid residual volume (PVR), maximal (Qmax) and average (Qave) urinary flow rates were evaluated at baseline in the treatment group at the moment of patient accrual, in the control group after 6-month of treatment with alfuzosin, and thereafter at 3 and 6 months in both groups. Results: Overall, 250 patients entered the study (n = 125 treatment group; n = 125 control group). Total IPSS score significantly decreased at 6-month assessment from baseline in the treatment vs control group (17 [IQR: 12–20] vs 12 [IQR: 9–14], p = 0.02) with a significative storage symptoms improvement detected both at 3- (p = 0.03) and 6-month evaluation (p = 0.001). PVR significantly improved at each follow-up visit with the most relevant reduction at 6-month assessment (125 cc vs. 102 cc; p = 0.02). Moreover, a significative improvement in LUTS-related quality of life (QoL) was recorded at 3- and 6-month assessment with a median decrease of −1 and −2 (p = 0.05 and p = 0.001 respectively) from baseline. Conclusions: Combination treatment with AB and SeR + SL + Ly + Br led to meaningful improvements in LUTS severity compared to AB as monotherapy, after a 6-month treatment period in men with mild to moderate LUTS/BPH.

Peyronie’s disease (PD), a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea fully described in 1793 by French physician Francois de la Peyronie, is characterized by pain, plaque formation, penile deformity, and ultimately sexual function decline. The epidemio-logical data on PD vary considerably across previous studies, with recent evidence reporting a prevalence of up to 9%. PD is generally divided into two different phases: active or acute and stable or chronic. Plaque formation generally occurs during the acute phase, while during chronic phase pain usually tends to complete resolution and penile deformity stabilizes. PD’s pathophysiology is still subject of great discussion. Tunical mechanical stress and microvascular trauma are major contribu-tory factors. However, better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this condition remains paramount towards an in-depth comprehension of the disorder and the development of newer and more effective disease-targeted interventions. In this review we provide a detailed overview of natural history of PD, specifically focusing on clinical manifestations and the underlying molecular regulation patterns.

C’est par le recours à cette écriture que j’aimerais partager une méditation autour du thème choisi, accompagnant les contributions éditées dans la première partie de notre publication collective avec le texte suivant. Il s’agit d’un chapitre de mon journal intime, un récit engagé dans un corps à corps avec l’écriture, commun à tant d’auteurs contemporains. Quand l’écriture d’une histoire de vie n’est pas cernée par un simple recueil de mémoires, elle devient la fabulation d’une vie se moquant de tout pacte autobiographique, bien que l’authenticité de l’expérience vécue soit toujours souhaitée et convoitée. Une fabulation narrative transformant un récit de mémoires dans un roman de la vie vécue, articulant la composition d’une nouvelle forme narrative avec une tension éthique pour rapprocher les lecteurs de l’état d’âme du narrateur, reconnaitre et se reconnaitre dans l’agir et les valeurs d’un corps autobiographique.

The importance of lead analysis in environmental matrices becomes increasingly relevant due to the anthropogenic spread of toxic species in nature. Alongside the existing analytical methods to detect lead in a liquid environment, we propose a new dry approach for lead detection and measurement based on its capture from a liquid solution by a solid sponge and subsequent quantification based on X-ray analyses. The detection method exploits the relationship between the electronic density of the solid sponge, which depends on the captured lead, and the critical angle for total reflection of the X-rays. For this purpose, gig-lox TiO2 layers, grown by modified sputtering physical deposition, were implemented for their branched multi-porosity spongy structure that is ideal for capturing lead atoms or other metallic ionic species in a liquid environment. The gig-lox TiO2 layers grown on glass substrates were soaked into aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of Pb, dried after soaking, and finally probed through X-ray reflectivity analyses. It has been found that lead atoms are chemisorbed onto the many available surfaces within the gig-lox TiO2 sponge by establishing stable oxygen bonding. The infiltration of lead into the structure causes an increase in the overall electronic density of the layer and, thus, an increment of its critical angle. Based on the established linear relationship between the amount of lead adsorbed and the augmented critical angle, a standardized quantitative procedure to detect Pb is proposed. The method can be, in principle, applied to other capturing spongy oxides and toxic species.

Introduction: Benefits and harms of avoid the sent placement during IntraCorporeal Neobladder configuration are still debated. Our objective was to describe the step-by-step technique of Florence intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN) configuration performed with stentless procedure focusing on perioperative and mid-term functional outcomes. Materials and methods: In this single institution prospective randomized 1:1 series all consecutive patients underwent Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy (RARC) and FloRIN reconfiguration from January 2021 to March 2021 were enrolled. Functional perioperative and mid-term outcomes were gathered. Postoperative complications were graded according to Clavien-Dindo classification and divided in early (<30 days from discharge) and delayed (>30 days). Results: Overall, 10 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, the 50.0% was treated with Stentless FloRIN. In terms of baseline features, no differences were recorded between the two groups. Median age was 65 and 66 years while median BMI was 27 and 25 in the stentless and in the stent group, respectively. Concerning intraoperative variables, no intraoperative complications as well as open conversion occurred among both groups. As regard introperative features, a shorter console time was associated with stentless procedure (331 min vs 365 min). In terms of perioperative outcomes, canalization and time to drainage removal didn't differ between groups while length of hospital stay was significantly lower in stentless group 10 days versus 14 days. Early and delayed postoperative complication rate was not influenced by the ureteral management at a preliminary assessment with comparable rates of Clavien Dindo ⩾ 3a between the two groups. Mid-term functional outcomes did not differ between groups in terms of kidney function loss. Conclusions: FloRIN with Stentless technique showed functional and perioperative preliminary outcomes comparable with the standard ureteral management strategy. Further series with longer functional follow-up assessment will be needed to confirm our preliminary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el amplio panorama de estudios dedicados a la traducción, son raros los análisis salidos de las manos de los traductores mismos. El presente artículo se propone como modesto testimonio de un traductor literario movido por la esperanza de que el lector pueda comprender y valorar algunas de las decisiones tomadas en su versión italiana del Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantes publicada en 2012 y en la reedición de la traducción de los textos poéticos que vio la luz cuatro años más tarde. Si traducir poesía es siempre difícil, en el caso del Quijote la empresa parece complicarse aún más: a través de numerosos ejemplos, se aclararán las razones, de tipo ‘musical’, semántico o sintáctico, que han llevado a la elección de unas soluciones con respecto a otras, soluciones que se compararán siempre con las de algunos de entre los muchos traductores que se han enfrentado con la obra cervantina a lo largo del último siglo.

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence, clinical ocular presentation and corneal healing in moderate and severe neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) caused by systemic diseases and treated with rh-NGF.SettingDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Italy.DesignRetrospective observational study of case series.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective observational study 11 patients (five female and six males) aged from 24 to 88 years (55.4 ± 21.3 years) with moderate and severe NK caused by systemic diseases were enrolled. The VAS questionnaire was dispensed. The ocular examination comprised slit lamp evaluation, ocular surface assessment with Keratograph 5M (Oculus, Germany), corneal sensitivity with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (Lunneaux, France) and corneal thickness measurement with AC-OCT (DRI, Triton, Topcon, Japan). The underlying systemic causes of NK were determined.ResultsThe main cause of NK was post-neuroma surgery (36%), followed by diabetes (18%). The remaining causes were rheumatoid arthritis (9%), post-traumatic (9%), post-surgery (9%), atopia (9%), Graves' disease (9%). Seven eyes presented severe grade of NK with corneal ulcer and in four a moderate grade was registered. The rh-NGF (Cenegermin) was administered with a standard protocol one drop six times daily for 8 weeks. The complete healing of all corneal defects was registered at the end of the treatment.ConclusionsThe post-neuroma surgery was the most common cause of NK and severe grade was clinically more represented. The rh-NGF proved effective to promote corneal recovery with all defects healed after the treatment.

This study describes the surgical treatment of multiple humeral fractures in a Caretta caretta sea turtle referred by the ‘Centro Faunistico del Parco Regionale Bosco e Paludi di Rauccio’, in the area surrounding the city of Lecce, in southern Italy. Radiographs showed an evident detachment of the distal humeral epiphysis, compatible with a type II Salter-Harris fracture, as well as a transverse fracture of the diaphysis. After the surgical fracture reduction, radiographic follow-up was performed at 2, 4, 12, 16, and 24 months, showing a progressive healing and the formation of poorly mineralized callus tissue. Unfortunately, three months after his release at sea, the turtle was caught dead at a depth of 40 m. Histological and histomorphometric examinations of the surgically treated humerus were carried out on the corpse to collect further information about the bone tissue repair mechanisms in these animals.

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy and impaired cognitive and motor skills. CDD is caused by mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), which plays a well-known role in regulating excitatory neurotransmission, while its effect on neuronal inhibition has been poorly investigated. We explored the potential role of CDKL5 in the inhibitory compartment in Cdkl5-KO male mice and primary hippocampal neurons and found that CDKL5 interacts with gephyrin and collybistin, two crucial organisers of the inhibitory postsynaptic sites. Through molecular and electrophysiological approaches, we demonstrated that CDKL5 loss causes a reduced number of gephyrin puncta and surface exposed γ2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors, impacting the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, which we ascribe to a postsynaptic function of CDKL5. In line with previous data showing that CDKL5 loss impacts microtubule (MT) dynamics, we showed that treatment with pregnenolone-methyl-ether (PME), which promotes MT dynamics, rescues the above defects. The impact of CDKL5 deficiency on inhibitory neurotransmission might explain the presence of drug-resistant epilepsy and cognitive defects in CDD patients. Moreover, our results may pave the way for drug-based therapies that could bypass the need for CDKL5 and provide effective therapeutic strategies for CDD patients.

Sea turtles are considered endangered species, largely due to anthropogenic activities. Much of the trauma in these species involves the carapace and skull, resulting in several degrees of damage to the pulmonary and nervous systems. Among traumatic injuries, those involving the skull can be complicated by brain exposure, and turtles with severe skull injuries that have nervous system impairment, emaciation, and dehydration can often die. Between July 2014 and February 2022, a total of 1877 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were referred for clinical evaluation at the Sea Turtle Clinic (STC) of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Bari. A retrospective study of 29 consecutive cases of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) with skull lesions of different degrees of severity is reported. On admission, physical and neurological evaluations were performed to assess and grade the lesions and neurological deficits. In 20 of the 29 sea turtles with more serious head trauma, computed tomography (CT) findings in combination with physical and neurological assessment enabled the evaluation of the potential correlation between deficits and the extent of head injuries. All sea turtles underwent curettage of the skull wounds, and the treatment protocol included the use of the plant-derived dressing 1 Primary Wound Dressing® (Phytoceutical AG, Endospin Italia) applied on the wound surface as a primary dressing. Out of 29 sea turtles, 21 were released after a time ranging from a few days to 8 months. To the best of our knowledge, the literature lacks specific data on the incidence, correlations with neurological deficits, complications, and survival rate of loggerhead sea turtles with traumatic head injuries.

Copper oxide thin films have been successfully synthesized through a metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) approach starting from the copper bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), Cu(tmhd)2, complex. Operative conditions of fabrication strongly affect both the composition and morphologies of the copper oxide thin films. The deposition temperature has been accurately monitored in order to stabilize and to produce, selectively and reproducibly, the two phases of cuprite Cu2O and/or tenorite CuO. The present approach has the advantages of being industrially appealing, reliable, and fast for the production of thin films over large areas with fine control of both composition and surface uniformity. Moreover, the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) active layer has been successfully deposited on the ITO/Cu2O substrate by the Low Vacuum Proximity Space Effusion (LV-PSE) technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses have been used to characterize the deposited films. The optical band gap (Eg), ranging from 1.99 to 2.41 eV, has been determined through UV-vis analysis, while the electrical measurements allowed to establish the p-type conductivity behavior of the deposited Cu2O thin films with resistivities from 31 to 83 Ω cm and carrier concentration in the order of 1.5–2.8 × 1016 cm−3. These results pave the way for potential applications of the present system as a hole transporting layer combined with a perovskite active layer in emergent solar cell technologies.

Herein, the convenient interplay between Eu incorporation and morphology to form the perovskite (PSK) γ‐phase of CsPbI3 at 80 °C (low temperature [LT] γ‐phase) is unveiled. In contrast, CsPbI3 without Eu exists in a mixture of γ‐phase and non‐PSK δ‐phase at 65 °C or in a fully δ‐phase at 80 °C. Based on experimental and theoretical findings, an argument about a double beneficial role of Eu is presented. On one hand, it assists in the formation of the γ‐phase either by substituting Pb or by occupying interstitial positions in the CsPbI3 lattice. On the other hand, it indirectly promotes the formation of a fine‐grained layer at LT wherein the high surface‐to‐volume ratio makes the establishment of the δ‐phase unfavorable. Strain accommodation in the fine‐grained matrix and the formation of a gluing intergrain‐self‐material during the kinetics of reaction (snowplow effect) cooperate in extending the lifetime of the LT γ‐phase to ≈40 h at 65 °C compared to only ≈10–15 min in the sample without Eu for the complete phase transformation. The disclosed phenomena draw a method for the stabilization of PSK‐CsPbI3 layers based on a self‐generated thin frame of exceeding material filling the gaps between small‐sized grains that can be used hereinafter to further extend the PSK lifetime.

In a previous study, we assessed the efficiency of reducing either traffic or industrial emissions on various ozone metrics for several cities in Europe, based on the Air Control Toolbox surrogate model. Here, we perform various model parametrisation sensitivity analyses in order to assess the robustness of our results. We find that increasing the model resolution has a limited impact on the ozone response to emission changes when focusing on concentration peaks but strongly changes the response of the ozone daily mean with a switch to a titration regime for all zones with significant nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. The impact of pollution imported from outside the simulation domain was also studied and we show that if the first lever for action on ozone peaks remains as the reduction of local and regional emissions, in order to achieve higher levels of reduction, it is necessary to act at a European level. We also explore more up-to-date temporal profiles and sectoral emission speciation and find a shift towards a more NOx-limited regime in a number of cities. Overall, these sensitivity tests show that most of the differences are simulated in cities with high NOx emissions and little solar radiation but do not change the overall conclusions that were previously obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the optical behavior of lead‐free Bi‐based low‐dimensional perovskite single crystals (Cs3Bi2Cl9, Cs3Bi2Br9, Cs3Bi2I9, and MA3Bi2I9) is investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, supported by X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations. All materials exhibit a strong excitonic peak resulting from photogenerated electron–hole Coulomb interactions, whereas the threshold of continuous absorption is found at higher energies. The resonances of the excitonic and continuous bands, along with exciton binding energies, are extracted through Critical Point Analysis of the ellipsometric data over a wide temperature range (from −90 °C to 90 °C), revealing subtle variations in the optical characteristics for each single crystal. These materials can be applied in optoelectronics as photodetectors because of their high stability and lower toxicity compared to their Pb‐based perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]