Search

Brucella ovis infects sheep and causes a clinical or subclinical disease characterized by genital lesions and reduced fertility in rams, placentitis and abortions in ewes, and increased perinatal mortality in lambs. As part of this study, analyses were conducted on a sheep farm near Belgrade (Serbia). Of the serological tests, indirect ELISA was performed. A total of 94 blood sera were analyzed, 33 from rams and 61 from ewes. The results showed 23 (69.7%) positive fi ndings in rams and 2 (3.3%) positive fi ndings in ewes, with an overall prevalence of 25.4% bounded by a 95% confi dence interval. Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR and Real time PCR were performed on 19 serologically positive rams and two serologically positive ewes. The results indicate a slightly higher sensitivity of Real time PCR compared to conventional PCR in diagnosing B. ovis from the reproductive tissues of rams. However, the differences in sensitivity between different nucleic acid extraction protocols were not signifi cant. Most rams showed a positive PCR result in only one sample of reproductive tissue, suggesting the recommendation to take multiple samples from each animal. Further research is needed to bring the sensitivity of molecular tests in diagnosing ram epididymitis closer to the sensitivity of serological tests., Brucella ovis infi cira ovce i uzrokuje kliničku ili subkliničku bolest koja se karakteriše genitalnim lezijama i smanjenom plodnošću kod ovnova, placentitisom i pobačajima kod ovaca te povećanom neonatalnom smrtnošću kod jaganjaca. U okviru ovog istraživanja, sprovedene su analize na farmi ovaca u blizini Beograda (Srbija). Od seroloških testova, rađena je indirektna ELISA. Ukupno je analizirano 94 krvna seruma, 33 od ovnova i 61 od ovaca. Rezultati su pokazali 23 (69,7%) pozitivna nalaza kod ovnova i 2 (3,3%) pozitivna nalaza kod ovaca, s ukupnom prevalencijom od 25,4% uz 95% interval pouzdanosti. Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR i Real time PCR su rađeni kod 19 serološki pozitivnih ovnova i dve serološki pozitivne ovce. Rezultati pokazuju da je Real time PCR pokazao nešto veću osetljivost u poređenju s konvencionalnim PCR-om u dijagnozi B. ovis iz reproduktivnih tkiva ovnova. Ipak, razlike u osetljivosti između različitih protokola ekstrakcije nukleinske kiseline nisu bile značajne. Većina ovnova je imala pozitivan PCR rezultat samo kod jednog zbirnog uzorka reproduktivnog tkiva, što ukazuje na preporuku uzimanja više uzoraka od svake životinje. Potrebna su dalja istraživanja kako bi se osetljivost molekularnih testova u dijagnozi epididimitisa ovnova približila osetljivosti seroloških testova.

The study aimed to determine the concentration of energy-related hormones in cow’s milk and to consider them from a public health perspective. Fourteen Holstein cows were subjected to milk and blood sampling on the following days in lactation (DIL): 10, 30, 60, 90, 150, 180, 210, 250 and 280 to determine milk hormones, fat and protein content and blood biochemical parameters. For the same purpose, bulk-tank milk was sampled and samples of retail m ilk with 1.5% (CM1.5) and 3.2% (CM3.2) fat was purchased. Milk insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values were signifi cantly lower at 90, 150, 180, 210 and 250 and signifi cantly higher at 10, 30 and 60 DIL than lactation average (LA). Milk insulin concentrations were signifi cantly lower at 30, 60 and 90 and higher at 210, 250 and 280 DIL than LA. Free thyroxine (fT4) level in the milk was higher at 250 DIL, while milk free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations were lower at 30, 60, 90 and 280 DIL, and signifi cantly higher at 10 and 180 DIL than respective LA. Milk cortisol levels were lower at 60 and 280 DIL than LA. All measured milk hormones were signifi cantly lower in CM1.5 compared to CM3.2, bulk-tank milk and LA. An exception was the LA of IGF-1, which was signifi cantly lower than the IGF1 content in CM1.5. Blood biochemical parameters fl uctuated evenly during lactation and were within the reference range. Hormone concentrations in cow’s milk fl uctuate during lactation, giving milk an important role in the context of public health., Istraživanje je imalo za cilj određivanje koncentracije hormona u mleku krava u različitim fazama laktacije, mleku iz laktofriza i maloprodajnom mleku. Uzorci mleka i krvi prikupljeni su 10., 30., 60., 90., 150., 180., 210., 250. i 280 dana laktacije od četrnaest krava holštajn rase radi određivanja koncentracije hormona, masti i proteina u mleku i biohemijskih parametara krvi. U iste svrhe uzorkovano je mleko iz laktofriza i nabavljeno je komercijalno mleko sa 1,5% (CM1,5) i 3,2% (CM3,2) mlečne masti. Koncentracije insulinu-sličnog faktora rasta-1 (IGF-1) u mleku bile su značajno niže 90., 150., 180., 210. i 250. dana i značajno više 10., 30. i 60. dana laktacije poredeći sa laktacionim prosekom (LP). Insulin je imao značajno niže koncentracije u mleku 30., 60. i 90. dana i značajno više koncentracije 210., 250. i 280. dana laktacije poredeći sa LP. Koncentracija slobodnog tiroksina (fT4) je bila viša 250. dana, dok je nivo slobodnog trijodotironina (fT3) bio značajno niži 30., 60., 90. i 280. dana i značajno viši 10. i 180. dana u poređenju sa odgovarajućim LP. Nivo kortizola u mleku je bio niži 60. i 280. dana laktacije poredeći sa LP. Svi hormoni su imali značajno niže koncentracije u CM1,5 nego u CM3,2, mleku iz laktofriza i LP. Izuzetak je LP za IGF-1, koji je bio značajno niži nego nivo IGF-1 u CM1,5. Biohemijski parametri krvi su blago fl uktuirali tokom laktacije, ali su ostali u referentnom opsegu. Koncentracije hormona u kravljem mleku fl uktuiraju tokom laktacije, što daje značaj mleku u kontekstu javnog zdravlja.

Gastrointestinalni trakt predstavlja kompleksan ekosistem koji sadrži veliki broj metabolički aktivnih mikroorganizama. Među značajnim metabolitima mikrobioma posebno se ističu masne kiseline kratkih lanaca (SCFA), sekundarne žučne kiseline, poliamini i indol, zajedno sa neurotransmiterima kao što su gama-aminobutirat, serotonin i kateholamini. Brojni radovi dokazuju uticaj metabolita mikrobioma na rast, prirast, stres i imunske reakcije organizma. Međutim, tek u novijim radovima se ukazuje na činjenicu da ne utiče samo mikrobiom svojim metabolitima na zdrastveni status svinja, već da postoje znatno složenije interakcije između domaćina i mikrobioma. Ovom prilikom, želimo da istaknemo ne samo već poznat značaj mikrobioma za zdravlje i performanse svinja, već i najnovija naučna saznanja iz oblasti složenih interakcija mikrobiom-domaćin (svinja)- mikrobiom- crevno/nervna osovina (gut brain axis). Cilj ovog rada je da na slikovit i razumljiv način objasni najnovija saznanja iz oblasti složenih metaboličkih interakcija koje postoje između mikrobioma, hrane, crevno-moždane osovine i domaćina kako bi se implementirala u intenzivnom farmskom uzgoju svinja u cilju poboljšanja dobrobiti i zdravlja životinja.

U intenzivnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji, od muznih krava se očekuje maksimalno iskorišćavanje genetskog potencijala i što veći prinos mleka. Najveći izazov u tom smislu predstavlja peripartalni period koji obuhvata tri nedelje pre i tri nedelje posle partusa. Tada se u organizmu krave dešavaju velike hormonske, metaboličke i imunološke promene. Mnogi metabolički poremećaji koji su karakteristični za ovaj period, posledica su neizbalansirane ishrane i nepravilne pripreme jedinke za ulazak u intenzivnu laktaciju. Masna jetra, ketoza, dislokacija sirišta i puerperalna pareza predstavljaju glavne poremećaje karakteristične za ovaj period, a oksidativni stres može imati veliku ulogu u njihovoj pojavi. Osim navedenih poremećaja, zaostajanje posteljice i pojava mastitisa, mogu takođe biti u vezi sa oksidativnim stresom. U ovom radu ćemo analizirati podatke iz naših istraživanja i dostupne literature i pokušati da objasnimo ulogu oksidativnog stresa u peripartalnom periodu, sa posebnim osvrtom na primenu antioksidanasa u cilju preveniranja pojave ili posledica metaboličkih poremećaja., In intensive production, dairy cows are expected to make the most of their genetic potential and maximize milk yield. The biggest challenge in this regard is the peripartal period, which includes three weeks before and three weeks after parturition. In that interval major hormonal, metabolic and immune changes occur in the cow’s body. Many metabolic disorders that are characteristic of this period are the result of an unbalanced diet and improper preparation of the individual to enter intensive lactation. Fatty liver, ketosis, dislocation of the abomasum, and puerperal paresis are the main disorders which are characteristic of this period, and oxidative stress can play a major role in their occurrence. In addition to these disorders, retained placenta and mastitis may also be related to oxidative stress. In this paper, we will analyze the data from our research and the available literature, and try to explain the role of oxidative stress in the peripartal period, with special emphasis on the use of antioxidants in the prevention of the occurrence or consequences of metabolic disorders.

Introduction. Glutathione peroxidases are selenoenzymes which have a crucial role in the protection of animals against oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. From September 2017 to April 2018, a group of eight red-eared sliders were admitted at the Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade for elective diagnostic celioscopy. The turtles were of unknown age, weight from 1.20 kg to 1.86 kg. The anesthesia protocol involved using ketamine and medetomidine, both at a low dosage (10 mg kg-1 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively) as induction, after which anesthesia was maintained using isoflurane at 3% (vapor setting) in 100% oxygen (0.5 L min-1). Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole (0.2 mg kg-1), given intramuscularly. The elective celioscopy was performed according to standard protocols. One day prior to anesthesia, heparinized blood samples were taken using the subcarapacial venous plexus for venipuncture. The second sampling took place three hours after the anesthetics were administered. Results and Conclusions. GPx3 activity in the blood plasmas (n=8) was measured by the coupled test as described by Günzler et al. (1974). Data were tested for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the groups were compared using a paired t-test. Blood plasma GPx3 activity was significantly higher (p=0.009) after a three-hour recovery period from inhalation anesthesia performed for elective diagnostic celioscopy, than before anesthesia. The measured post-anesthesia GPx3 activities were, on average, 80% higher than the measurements prior to anesthesia. It can be concluded that the statistically significant increase in the activity of plasma GPx3 from 91.02±36.05 mKat L-1 prior to anesthesia to 160.21±58.94 mKat L-1 three hours after anesthesia is due to the change in oxygen saturation. This is increased to 100% during the procedure, thus exposing the turtles to conditions of high oxygen saturation., Uvod. Glutation peroksidaze su selenoenzimi koji igraju ključnu ulogu u zaštiti životinja od oksidativnog stresa. Materijal i metode. Od septembra 2017. do aprila 2018. godine, grupa od osam crvenouhih kornjača je primljena na Kliniku za male životinje, Fakulteta Veterinarske Medicine, Univerziteta u Beogradu zbog izvođenja elektivne dijagnostičke celioskopije. Kornjače su bile nepoznate starosti, mase između 1,20 kg i 1,86 kg. Anastetički protokol je uključivao primenu ketamina (10 mg kg-1) i medetomidina (0.1 mg kg-1) za indukciju, oba u niskim dozama, nakon čega je anestezija održavana primenom izoflurana u koncentraciji od 3% (podešen na isparavanje) u 100% kiseoniku (0.5 L min-1). Dejstvo medetomidina je neutralizovano atipamezolom (0.2 mg kg-1), aplikovanim intramuskularno. Elektivna celioskopija je izvedena u skladu sa standardnim protokolima. Heparinizovani uzorci krvi su uzeti jedan dan pre uvođenja u anesteziju venepunkcijom iz subkarapacijalnog venskog pleksusa. Drugo uzorkovanje krvi je uzvršeno tri sata nakon administracije anestetika. Rezultati i zaključak. GPx3 aktivnost u krvnoj plazmi (n=8) je izmerena primenom kuplovane reakcije, kao što su opisali Günzler i sar. (1974). Normalna distribucija podataka je testirana pomoću Shapiro - Wilk testa normalnosti (p>0,05), a grupe su poređene koristeći t test za zavisne uzorke. Aktivnost GPx3 u krvnoj plazmi je bila značajno viša (p=0.009) u uzorcima uzetim nakon trosatnog perioda oporavka od inhalacione anestezije aplikovane radi izvođenja elektivne celioskopije, nego u uzorcima uzetim pre aplikovanja anestezije. Vrednosti GPx3 izmerene nakon anestezije bile su u proseku 80% više od vrednosti pre anestezije. Može se zaključiti da je statistički značajan porast u aktivnosti GPx3 u plazmi od 91.02±36.05 mKat L-1, pre anestezije do 160.21±58.94 mKat L-1, tri sata nakon anestezije uzrokovan promenom u saturaciji kiseonika. Tokom intervencije saturacija kiseonika se povećava i do 100% čime se kornjače uvode u us

Mleko magarice se od davnina koristi u medicinske i kozmetičke svrhe, međutim malo je bilo poznato koji molekuli su odgovorni za njegove protivupalne i antimikrobne efekte. Poslednjih decenija, interesovanje naučnika za magareće mleko je poraslo što je rezultiralo boljim poznavanjam njegovog sastava i karakteristika. Po svom sastavu, magareće mleko je blisko mleku žene, prvenstveno zbog niskog sadržaja masti i kazeina. Istovremeno, zahvaljujući karakteristikama proteinskih frakcija, ono je pogodno za primenu kod osoba koje su alergične na kravlje mleko. Ustanovljeno je prisustvo niza molekula, posebno proteina i peptida, koji imaju anti-inflamatorno i antimikrobno dejstvo. Među njima se posebno ističu lizozim, laktoferin, i laktoperoksidaza. U odnosu na humano i kravlje mleko, mleko magarice je posebno bogato lizozimom. U ovom radu su detaljnije opisane karakteristike i mehanizam delovanja navedenih proteina.

Intenzivna živinarska proizvodnja nosi sa sobom puno izazova, jer je potrebno za što kraće vreme proizvesti kvalitetan i zdravstveno ispravan proizvod. Kako bi se maksimalno iskoristio genetski potencijal jedinki, nameće se upotreba kvalitetnih hraniva koja će u potpunosti zadovoljiti njihove osnovne i proizvodne potrebe. Poseban izazov predstavlja način držanja živine u intenzivnoj proizvodnji koji pogoduje brzom širenju zaraznih bolesti. Zbog svega navedenog, hrana za živinu sadrži mnoge dodatke koji će poboljšati proizvodne karakteristike, a takođe, uticati na uspešniji razvoj imuniteta nakon vakcinacije i odbranu organizma u slučaju pojave infekcije. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji dodavanje mikroelemenata predstavlja jedan od ključnih faktora potrebnih za funkcionisanje organizma. U ovom radu će fokus biti na njihovom uticaju na imunitet.

Selen je mikroelement koji ulazi u sastav mnogih proteina i enzima neophodnih u odbrani od oksidativnog stresa, aktivaciji i deaktivaciji tireoidnih hormona i adekvatnom imunskom odgovoru. Poseban izazov u intenzivnoj živinarskoj proizvodnji predstavlja način držanja ptica, koji pogoduje širenju zaraznih bolesti, te je pravilna i balansirana ishrana, osim za zadovoljenje osnovnih i proizvodnih potreba jedinki, neophodna i za pravilan rad imunskog sistema. Selen je, pored ostalih mikroelemenata, izuzetno važan u tom smislu. On kao gradivni element proteina i enzima utiče na gotovo sve segmente imunskog sistema (urođeni i stečeni, celularni i humoralni). Ova činjenica je važna jer dodavanje u hranu selena u obliku selenocisteina i selenometionina može imati različit efekat zbog toga što se metabolizam ovih aminokiselina i neorganskog selena vrlo razlikuju.

Background To the best of our knowledge, studies are lacking on burnout among veterinary students in Serbia, and this is the first study trying to address such a problem. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the predictors of burnout among Belgrade veterinary students. Methods Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and anonymous structured questionnaire addressed to personal data, health habits and stressful influence of educational process were applied among 496 respondents from a total of 1113 students from all grades in spring semester 2014 (response rate 44.6%). Results The prevalence of burnout was 43.3%. High scores on depersonalization and emotional exhaustion scales of MBI were found among 79.4% and 45.0% students, respectively; low personal accomplishment was reported by 50.5% students. Female students reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to males (p = 0.012). A low score on personal achievement scale of MBI was least frequent among the freshmen and most frequent among sophomores (41.1% and 65.3%, respectively; p = 0.986). There were more students with burnout who considered their health as a worsened vs. pre-study period compared to students with no burnout, both concerning mental (61.4% vs. 38.6%) and physical health (61.1% vs. 38.9%; both p lt 0.001). There were more smokers among students who suffered from burnout compared to students who did not (52.0% vs. 48.0%; p = 0.013). A multiple regression revealed an independent dose-response effect of perceived stress at exams on the onset of burnout (moderate stress OR = 2.164 and high stress OR = 3.878). Also, students with the moderate and high stressful effect of communication with teaching staff, as well as, those with worse self-perceived physical and mental health had more than two times higher presence of burnout. Conclusions The prevalence of burnout among Belgrade veterinary students is relatively high. Primary prevention should be focused on the revealed pr

A total of 120 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from suckling piglets with diarrhoea and 30 E. coli strains from healthy piglets were tested for the presence of fimbrial and enterotoxin virulence genes. Out of the 120 isolates sampled from diarrheic piglets, 81 (67.5%) expressed one or more genes encoding virulence factors. Adhesin genes were detected in 52 (43.33%) out of 120 E. coli isolates, and the most common among them was F4 adhesin (33.33%). Genes encoding E. coli toxins were detected in 81 (67.5%) isolates. E. coli included in the study carried genes for one or more of the following toxins: STa, STb, LT and EAST1. The astA gene encoding EAST1 was the most prevalent and was identified in 72 (60%) E. coli isolates. EAST1 toxin was detected in 5 out of 30 isolates (16.7%) from healthy piglets. Among the 81 isolates expressing virulence genes, a total of 15 different combinations for fimbrial and toxin genes were found. The most common virulence pattern was F4/STb/LT/EAST1 detected in 23.45% of E. coli strains isolated from suckling piglets with diarrhoea. The results indicate that F4 adhesin and EAST1 toxin are the most common in E. coli isolates sampled from diarrhoeic suckling piglets in Serbia.

Zahtevi za sve većim proizvodnim rezultatima, intenzivna selekcija, kao i globalno otopljavanje doveli su do pojave toplotnog stresa. Predhodna saznanja su tumačila nastali pad proizvodnih rezultata isključivo kao posledica inapetence usled visokih temperatura. Međutim, toplotni stres dovodi do niza poremećaja na nivou fiziološke homeostaze i metaboličkih procesa. Selekcija u cilju veće proizvodnje mišićne mase je rezultirala povećanom proizvodnjom metaboličke toplote, usled čega dolazi do hiperventilacije i posledične metaboličke acidoze što dodatno opterećuje organizam. Zbog nastalog toplotnog stresa, uprkos smanjenom unosu hrane, dolazi do smanjenog lipolitičkog kapaciteta masnog tkiva i smanjene koncentracije ne-esterifikovanih masnih kiselina (NEFA) u krvnoj plazmi goveda i svinja. Kao odgovor na ćelijski stres dolazi do porasta koncentracije insulina i povećanih potreba za glukozom radi očuvanja normoglikemije. Istovremeno, značajno opada aktivnost tireoidnih hormona T3 i T4. Preraspodela cirkulacije koja nastaje usled toplotnog stresa dovodi do mobilizacije krvi iz digestivnog trakta što dovodi do hipoksije creva usled koje se javlja poremećaj propustljivosti sluzokože i prolaska lipopolisaharida bakterija u portalni i sistemski krvotok. Paralelno sa navedenim procesima dolazi do intenzivne glikogenolize u mišićima usled aktivacije glikogen fosforilaze. Toplotni stres je jedan od pokretača procesa nastanka slobodnih kiseoničnih radikala, oksidativnog stresa i sinteze malonildialdehida koji dodatno oštećuju integritet ćelijskih membrana. Biohemijski profil krvi goveda, svinja i živine ukazuje na porast koncentracije proteina toplotnog šoka (HSP), proizvoda peroksidacije masnih kiselina (MDA), enzima zaštite od oksidativnog stresa (SOD, GPx), kao i hemoglobina. Navedeni poremećaji dovode do promene kvaliteta goveđeg (DFD- dry firm dark meat) i svinjskog mesa (PSE- pale soft exudative) što rezultira značajnim ekonomskim gubitcima u proizvodnji i plasmanu. Usled, Demands for increasing production results, as well as global warming have led to the emergence of heat stress. Previous knowledge interpreted the resulting decline in production solely as a consequence of a decreased appetite. However, heat stress leads to a number of disorders at the level of physiological homeostasis and metabolic processes. Selection for higher muscle mass resulted in increased metabolic heat production. Due to the increase in heat, hyperventilation and consequent metabolic acidosis occur, which additionally burdens the organism. Due to the resulting heat stress, despite the reduced food intake, there is a reduced lipolytic capacity of adipose tissue and a reduced concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood plasma of cattle and pigs. In response to cellular stress, insulin concentrations increase and glucose needs increase in order to preserve normoglycemia. At the same time, the activity of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 decreases significantly. The redistribution of circulation caused by heat stress leads to the mobilization of blood from the digestive tract, which results in intestinal hypoxia, which results in increased permeability of the mucous membrane and the passage of bacterial lipopolysaccharides into the portal and systemic bloodstream. In parallel with the mentioned processes, intensive glycogenolysis occurs in the muscles due to the activation of glycogen phosphorylase. Heat stress is one of the initiators of the process of formation of free oxygen radicals, oxidative stress and synthesis of malonyldialdehyde, which additionally damage the integrity of cell membranes. The biochemical profile of the blood of cattle, pigs and poultry indicates an increase in the concentration of heat shock protein (HSP), fatty acid peroxidation products (MDA), enzymes involved in the protection against oxidative stress (SOD, GPx), as well as hemoglobin. These disorders lead to changes in the quality of beef (DFD - dry firm dark meat) a

Respiratory diseases represent a significant problem in pig farming as they can cause significant economic losses all over the World. One of the most common causes of infection is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) either as the primary cause of enzootic pneumonia or as one of the causative agents of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRCD). In our study we presented the presence of antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae in 94 blood sera of gilts and 84 blood sera of sows, originated from 4 commercial pig farms. For this purpose, the indirect ELISA test was used. Seroconversion was established in 11 (11.70%) sera of gilts and in 15 (17.85%) sera of sows. The percentage of positive sera differed among the farms, ranging in gilts from 0- 28.57%, and in sows 9.09- 36.84%. The results of the study have shown that infection with M. hyopneumoniae is present in gilts on three and in sows on all four examined farms. Successful control of M. hyopneumoniae depends on the efficient prevention of the transfer of the infective agent. Good results can be achieved using strict implementation of reliable serological methods. The serological control of gilts prior to fertilization is of extreme importance, as it can prevent spreading of the disease within the herd.

U radu su opisane osnovne grupe i biohemijske karakteristike organskih molekula koji su od ključnog značaja za rast i razvoj novorođene prasadi. Među njima se posebno ističu laktoza, koja ima ključnu ulogu u osmotskoj regulaciji količine izlučenog kolostruma i koja se sintetiše u epitelnim ćelijama alveola mlečne žlezde. Zatim, masti koje su energetska komponenta čiji sastav i količina zavise od niza faktora kao što su ishrana krmače i njen genetski potencijal. Prasad se rađa agamaglobulinemična i neophodno je da u prvim časovima života posisaju kolostrum u kojem su prisutna maternalna antitela (IgG) kako bi stekla imunitet neophodan za preživljavanje. Pored navedenih sastojaka u kolostrumu se nalaze i visoke koncentracije minerala, mikroelemenata, vitamina, hormona i enzima. Poseban osvrt u radu je dat dinamičnoj promeni sastava i količine komponenti kolostruma od trenutka kada počinje da se luči do perioda tranzicije u mleko. Istovremeno, objašnjeni su osnovni mehanizmi sinteze molekula u mlečnoj žlezdi i transfera molekula iz krvne plazme svinje u kolostrum, kao i faktori koji utiču na sintezu ključnih sastojaka kolostruma.

Komunikacija među živim svetom je vrlo kompleksan proces i može se odvijati na nekoliko načina. Najzastupljeniji oblici komunikacije među životinjama su vizuelna, auditivna i hemijska komunikacija. Kod ptica se smatra da su najzastupljeniji vizuelni vidovi komunikacije, pa zatim auditivni. Do skoro se vrlo malo pridavalo značaju proučavanja komunikacije kod ptica pomoću hemijskih materija (mirisa i feromona) zbog slabo razvijenog olfaktornog bulbusa kod ovih kičmenjaka, kao i odsustva vomeronazalnog organa. Međutim, novija istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje specifičnih receptora za određene hemijske materije i kod ptica. Kod nekih vrsta ptica, produkt uropigealne žlezde sadrži materije koje mogu imati odlike feromona i koji nose informaciju o vrsti, polu, identitetu, populaciji i poreklu. Kod sisara je ovaj vid komunikacije veoma zastupljen, a kako su neki feromoni već izolovani i sintetski se proizvode, uveliko se koriste i u farmskoj proizvodnji. Zbog toga smo smatrali da je korisno razmotriti razne mogućnosti primene feromona i u živinarskoj proizvodnji.

Актуелни трендови употребе биљних производа у заштити здравља људи и животиња довели су до широке примене природних полифенола присутних у биљкама, као што су зелени чај, боровница, аронија, итд. На основу досадашњих испитивања настанка оксидативног стреса као и начина превенције, можемо закључити да су грожђе, семенке грожђа, као и комина показали одређене протективне ефекте. In vivo студије ефикасности полифенола су изузетно комплексне и до сада су дале контроверзне резултате. У овде представљеном раду дат је преглед до сада постигнутих сазнања ефеката употребе полифенола грожђа у заштити од оксидативног стреса домаћих животиња., Current trends on the use of plant products in the protection of human and animal health have resulted in the widespread use of natural polyphenols present in plants such as green tea, chokeberries, blackberries, etc. According to a wide array of trials on oxidative stress and its prevention it can be concluded that grapes, grapeseeds and pomace have some protective effects. In vivo polyphenol efficacy studies are extremely complex and up to date have raised a number of controversial results. In the here presented paper we have offered a review on the knowledge on grape polyphenols in oxidative stress protection of domestic animals.

Both selenium, as an effector and regulator of antioxidative enzymes activity, and thyroid hormones are potent immunomodulators. Besides, selenium incorporated into iodothyronine deiodinases is involved in the thyroid function and thus indirectly regulates the immune response. Studies of the mutual infl uence of selenium and thyroid hormones on the immune response are scarce, hence we analyzed the effects of an iodothyronine deiodinases blocker, propylthiouracil (PTU), and selenium defi ciency on the function of peritoneal macrophages, and titer of naturally occurring anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) IgM antibodies in juvenile rats. The experiment was carried out on 64 Wistar male rats allotted to 4 groups: controlselenium adequate PTU-group; selenium adequate, PTU+ group; selenium defi cient, PTU-group; and selenium defi cient, PTU+. The selenium adequate and selenium defi cient groups were fed a diet containing 0.334 and 0.031 mg Se/kg, respectively. PTU+ groups received PTU (150 mg/L) in drinking water. After 3 weeks, thyroxine (T-4), triiodothyronine (T-3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The animals having intermediate concentrations of T-3 (1.56-1.69 nmol/L) and T 4 (41-50 nmol/L) were excluded from further analysis. Thus, PTU+ groups included hypothyroid animals (T-3 <= 1.55 nmol/L; T-4 <= 40 nmol/L), while PTU-groups included euthyroid rats (T-3 <= 1.70 nmol/L; T-4 <= 50 nmol/L). Both groups of selenium defi cient rats had, when compared to the control group, a signifi cantly lower activity of glutathione peroxidase GPx1 and GPx3. Neither selenium defi ciency nor PTU infl uenced the adherence of peritoneal macrophages. Selenium defi ciency signifi cantly decreased the peroxide synthesis in macrophages and signifi cantly increased the titer of anti-SRBC IgM. Hypotyroidism alone or in combination with selenium defi ciency had no infl uence on these parameters.

Sve veći zahtevi tržišta za mesom koje sadrži što manje masti i holesterola doveli su do značajnog porasta proizvodnje živinskog mesa. Ukupna proizvodnja živinskog mesa bila je 2001. godine 70 miliona tona što je osam puta više od proizvodnje u 1961. godini, a uz godišnju stopu porasta od 2,8%, 2015. godine je dostigla oko 100 miliona tona. Sa druge strane, pred proizvođače se postavlja zadatak da za što kraće vreme proizvedu što više kvalitetnog i zdravstveno-higijenski ispravnog proizvoda. Ovaj zadatak nameće upotrebu kvalitetnih hraniva kao i dodataka koji će u potpunosti zadovoljiti osnovne i proizvodne potrebe životinja u uzgoju, maksimalno iskorišćavajući genetske kapacitete jedinki. Mikroelementi su jedan od ključnih faktora potrebnih za pravilno funkcionisanje organizma. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji njihova je upotreba obavezna, a sa sve većim potrebama organizma, paralelno se razvijaju različiti oblici mikroelemenata za koje se smatra da bi mogli imati veću bioiskoristivost. Mikroelementima pripadaju elementi koji su u organizmu zastupljeni sa manje od 100 mg/kg telesne mase. Njihova funkcija u organizmu vezana je za funkciju proteina, enzima ili kofaktora u čiji sastav ulaze. U ovom radu biće prikazane biološke funkcije nekih od njih, sa posebnim osvrtom na bioiskoristivost različith neorganskih i organskih oblika gvožđa, mangana, bakra, cinka i selena.

Cilj istrаživаnjа u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se utvrdi povezаnost metаboličkih parametara u različitim fazama proizvodnog ciklusa (kasni graviditet, puerperijum i rana laktacija) i proizvodnih, odnosno reproduktivnih, rezultаtа krаvа. Utvrđene su grаnične vrednosti pojedinih pаrаmetаrа metаboličkog profilа ispod, odnosno iznad kojih se ostvaruje dnevna proizvodnja mleka veća od 30L i servis period kraći od 120 dana. Posebno je ispitan i uticaj pariteta i sezone na metaboličke parametre i proizvodne rezultate krava. Dodаtni cilj istrаživаnjа je bio da se istovremenim određivаnjem koncentrаcijа pojedinih biohemijskih pаrаmetаrа u v. jugularis (veni kojа se u stаndаrdnim uslovimа koristi zа ispitivаnje metаboličkog stаtusа krаvа) i v. subcutanei abdominis (veni kojа odvodi krv iz mlečne žlezde), utvrdi mogućnost korišćenjа rаzlike u dobijenim vrednostimа unutar dve vene zа pouzdаniju procenu metаboličkog stаtusа jedinke. Za ogled je odabrana 191 krava u kasnom graviditetu (KG krave); 201 krava u puerperijumu (P krave) i 248 krava u ranoj laktaciji (RL krave). Krave su u odnosu na paritet podeljnje na pimiparne (PP) i multiparne krave (MP), a u odnosu na sezonu, na krave iz toplog perioda (TP krave) i hladnog perioda (HP) godine. Osamdeset multiparih krava posmatranih u hladnom periodu je izdvojeno slučajnim izborom i podeljeno u 4 grupe: zasušene krave-grupa Z, krave sa niskom (od 31 do 40L)-grupa NP, srednjom (od 41 do 50L)-grupa SP i visokom proizvodnjom mleka (iznad 51L)-grupa VP. U momentu odabira, svim kravama je ocenjena telesna kondicija, a 2 do 3 sata nakon jutarnjeg hranjenja, uzet uzorak krvi punkcijom v. jugularis. Od 80 slučajno izabranih krava, istovremeno sa uzimanjem uzoraka krvi iz v. jugularis, uzeti su uzorci krvi iz v. subcutanea abodiminis. U svim uzorcima krvi uzetih iz v. jugularis ispitivane su koncentracije BHBA, glukoze, ukupnog bilirubina (UB), ukupnog proteina (UP), albumina (Alb), uree, Ca i P, a računski je određen odnos C

In this work we studied if circulating immune complexes (CIC) of calves with bronchopneumonia have the capacity to modulate function of peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy cattle. CIC of three month old calves (6 healthy and 6 diseased) were isolated by PEG precipitation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) and granulocytes from healthy calves and cows were the CIC responder cells in in vitro tests. The most remarkable increase of adhesiveness to polystyrene and ROS synthesis (assessed by NBT test) was detected in cows' granulocytes stimulated with CIC of diseased calves. Results of MTT test showed that CIC of both healthy and diseased calves reduced granulocytes' viability. The strongest effect of inhibition of cows' granulocytes resulted from CIC of diseased calves. CIC only moderately reduced spontaneous viability of calves' MNCs. Again, the strongest effect of CIC isolated from diseased calves was observed. In contrast to the low impact of CIC on non-stimulated cells, their inhibitory effect on viability of mitogen stimulated MNCs was very strong. With CFSE assay we showed that both types of CIC stimulated spontaneous, but inhibited mitogen induced proliferation of calves' MNCs. Propidium iodide staining reviled that CIC increased apoptosis/necrosis of both non-stimulated and mitogen stimulated MNCs. CIC of both healthy and diseased calves modulated the function of peripheral blood MNCs and granulocytes, but a stronger effect of CIC of diseased calves was shown. The age of the donors (calves or cows) of the responder cells, and the activation state of these cells, were also of influence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 60 days of rose-hip and grapeseed dietary supplementation of a balanced home-cooked diet on serum oxidative stress parameters: ROMs, MDA and FRAP in army service dogs before and after regular physical exercise. The dogs were fed a balanced cooked diet as instructed by army standards until the initial blood sampling in June. Thereon the dogs were randomly allotted to 4 groups according to the dietary regime: dogs maintained on a balanced cooked diet according to army standards, branded dry dog food, cooked diet with added 500 mg rose-hip extract, and cooked diet with added 100 mg grapeseed extract for a 60 day period from June to September after which all 4 groups were fed the standard cooked meal diet. Sampling was performed at the beginning of the experiment (June), 60 days from the start of the treatment (September) and finally 60 days after the end of supplementation (November). Statistical analysis of the results included descriptive statistical parameters: mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and variation coefficient (CV%). In order to test the statistical significance of the differences between treatments a multifactor variance test (ANOVA) was performed for ROM, MDA and FRAP and the combined effects of diet, exercise and time period were observed. The initial (in June) increase in MDA and ROMs after exercise indicates the presence of oxidative stress 30 minutes after exercise. However, the antioxidative effects of rose-hip and grapeseed extracts are not conclusive, as multifactor ANOVA testing of time, diet, and exercise factors did not reveal for MDA statistically significant differences either at 60 days of supplementation nor 60 days after withdrawal of the supplements. Only one distinct exception was recorded for the prolonged antioxidative effects reflected in significantly decreased (p < 0.01) ROMs before and after exercise in dogs fed the branded dry food 60 days after the end of such dietary regime (

Selenium is an essential trace element with multi significant role in the body. In contrast to other trace elements that appear as cofactors of certain enzymes, its physiological role is directly related to functions of proteins in composition of which it is cotranslationally installed by atypical amino acid selenocysteine. The group of proteins, in which composition selenocysteine is an integral functional part of polypeptides, are referred to as selenoproteins. The first enzyme that has been proven to have selenocysteine incorporated in its composition, is glutathione peroxidase (GPx). So far there have been identified 5 isoenzyme forms of GPx which reduce hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Iodothyronine deiodinases (ID) are among the most important selenopoteins, being responsible for both activation and deactivation of thyroid hormones. So far there have been found over twenty selenoproteins, but only for some of them a physiological role is known., Selen je esencijalni mikroelement sa mnogostrukim i vrlo važnim ulogama u organizmu. Za razliku od ostalih mikroelemenata koji figuriraju kao kofaktori pojedinih enzima, njegove fiziološke uloge direktno su povezane sa funkcijama proteina u čiji sastav se kotranslatorno ugrađuje putem netipične aminokiseline selenocisteina. Grupa proteina koja u svom sastavu ima selenocistein kao integralni funkcionalni deo polipeptida nazivaju se selenoproteini. Prvi enzim za koji je dokazano da u svom sastavu ima ugrađen selenocistein je glutation peroksidaza (GPx). Do sada je identifikovano 5 izoenzimskih formi GPx koje redukuju vodonik-peroksid i organske hidroperokside, štiteći ćelije od oksidativnog oštećenja. Među najznačajnijim selenoenzimima su i jodotironin dejodinaze (ID), odgovorne za aktivaciju i deaktivaciju tireoidnih hormona. Do sada je otkriveno preko dvadeset selenoproteina, a samo za neke od njih je poznata fiziološka uloga.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of oxidative stress upon general stress in dairy cows on parturition and whether the indicators of stress can be reduced by selenium (Se) supplementation. A total of 36 animals were divided into 3 groups 21 days prepartum and treated with a single-term intra muscular supplement of sodium selenite: Control group - 0 mg; group Se10 - 10 mg; group Se20 - 20 mg. Se supplementation significantly raised blood Se content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in groups Se10 and Se20, compared to Control, although there was no marked difference between supplemented groups. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced in supplemented groups Se10 and Se20, compared to Control. A negative correlation was detected between blood GPx activity and plasma MDA, while a positive correlation was determined between plasma MDA and cortisol concentrations. These results indicate that prepartum Se supplementation can be utilized for a partial relief of stress in cows during labor by augmenting the antioxidative action of GPx.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of oxidative stress upon general stress in dairy cows on parturition and whether the indicators of stress can be reduced by selenium (Se) supplementation. A total of 36 animals were divided into 3 groups 21 days prepartum and treated with a single-term intra muscular supplement of sodium selenite: Control group - 0 mg; group Se10 - 10 mg; group Se20 - 20 mg. Se supplementation significantly raised blood Se content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in groups Se10 and Se20, compared to Control, although there was no marked difference between supplemented groups. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced in supplemented groups Se10 and Se20, compared to Control. A negative correlation was detected between blood GPx activity and plasma MDA, while a positive correlation was determined between plasma MDA and cortisol concentrations. These results indicate that prepartum Se supplementation can be utilized for a partial relief of stress in cows during labor by augmenting the antioxidative action of GPx.

The objective of the work was to investigate the influence of partial substitution of magnesium oxide with natural bentonite in feed mixtures used in feeding of cows during their exposure to heat stress. The investigation lasted 30 days and was carried out during last ten days of may and first twenty days of June when average air temperature in stables was 36.6±2.5oC. In the experiment there were included 30 cows of Holstein breed in first phase of lactation, which were divided into two groups of 15 cows: control (C) and experimental (E). Group C was fed with experimental mineral mixture that contained 60% of magnesium oxide during the whole investigation period. Group E was fed with experimental mineral mixture that contained 40% of magnesium oxide as well as 20% of natural bentonite. Remaining ingredients in both control and experimental mineral mixtures were the same and also contained 20% of sodium bicarbonate and 20% of zeolite in the same quantities. The control and experimental mineral mixtures were mixed into complete feed mixture (18% UP) in the amount of 1%. At the end of the investigation period, on the 30th day, there were taken samples of rumens contents for determining pH, and after that blood samples, in which, after the separation of blood serum, were determined glucose concentration, total proteins, albumin, globulin, urea, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, calcium and phosphorus, as well as the activity of ALT and AST By computation there was calculated the ratio between albumin and globulin, ALT and AST, and the ratio between calcium and phosphorus. Daily allowance and milk chemical composition ( percentage of fat, proteins and dry substance) were determined at the end of the investigation period, that is on the 30th day of lactation, for each cow individually. Partial substitution of magnesium oxide with bentonite influenced milk production increase, but it was statistically insignificant. Besides that, in E group of cows, percen, Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita uticaj delimične supstitucije magnezijum oksida prirodnim bentonitom u krmnim smešama korišćenih u ishrani krava tokom njihove izloženosti toplotnom stresu. Ispitivanje je trajalo 30 dana i izvedeno je tokom poslednjih deset dana maja i prvih dvadeset dana juna kada je prosečna temperatura vazduha u staji bila 36,6 ± 2,5oC. U ogled je bilo uključeno 30 krava holštajn rase u prvoj fazi laktacije, koje su podeljene u dve grupe od po 15 krava: kontrolnu (K) i eksperimentalnu (E). K grupa je tokom celog ispitivanog perioda hranjena kontrolnom mineralnom smešom koja je sadržavala 60% magnezijum oksida. E grupa je bila hranjena oglednom mineralnom smešom koja je sadržavala 40% magnezijum oksida i 20% prirodnog bentonita. Preostali sastojci u kontrolnoj i oglednoj mineralnoj smeši bili su isti i u istim količinama i sadržavali su 20% natrijum bikarbonata i 20% zeolita. Kontrolna i ogledna mineralna smeša bile su umešane u potpunu krmnu smešu (18% UP) u iznosu od 1%. Na kraju oglednog perioda, 30. dana, uzeti su uzorci sadržaja buraga za određivanje pH a nakon toga i uzorci krvi u kojima su, nakon odvajanja krvnog seruma, određeni koncentracje glukoze, ukupnih proteina, albumina, globulina, uree, HDL-holesterola, LDL-holesterola, ukupnog bilirubina, kalcijuma i fosfora, kao i aktivnost ALT i AST. Računskim putem su obračunati odnosi albumina i globulina, ALT i AST, kao i odnos kalcijuma i fosfora. Dnevna količina i hemijski sastav mleka (procenat masti, proteina i suve materije) za svaku kravu pojedinačno određeni su na kraju ispitivanog perioda, odnosno 30. dana laktacije. Delimična supstitucija magnezijum oksida bentonitom je uticala na povećanje proizvodnje mleka ali ovaj porast nije bio statistički značajan. Pored toga kod E grupe krava procenat masti i suve materije u mleku bio je značajno povećan (p lt 0,05 odnosno 0,01), dok porast procenta proteina nije bio značajan. Zamena magnezijum oksida bentonitom nije uticala na vrednosti isp

In this work there was investigated the influence of selenium and deodinases blockers on juvenile rats body weight during three months. The experiment was carried out on 64 rats divided into eight groups with eight individual animals per group. Following groups were formed: 1. Se+PTU-IA- (control group), 2. Se+PTU+IA+, 3. Se+PTU+IA-, 4. Se+P-TU-IA+, 5. Se-PTU-IA-, 6. Se-PTU+IA+, 7. Se-PTU+IA- and 8. Se-PTU-IA+. The groups labeled (Se+) were selenium adequate and they were fed with food that contained 0.334 mg Se/kg. The groups labeled (Se-) were selenium deficient and obtained food with 0.031 mg Se/kg. As deiodinases blockers there were used propylthiouracil (PTU+) in a dose of 150 mg/L of drinking water and iopanoic acid (IA+) in a dose of 6 mg/100 g TM intraperitoneally. Body weight of experimental rats was measured every seven days. After three weeks of treatment there were taken blood samples of animals from all experimental groups and following parameters were determined: selenium concentration in blood, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) in blood plasma. Analysis of the samples showed that the animals from the groups treated with PTU had lower body weight in regard to the control group, as well as lower concentration of T3 and T4 in plasma. Selenium deficient rats had lower average body weight compared to the selenium adequate ones after three weeks, but there were no differences in thyroid hormones concentration. The lowest average body weight was noticed in selenium deficient rats groups treated with PTU., U okviru ogleda je ispitivan uticaj selena i blokatora dejodinaza na telesnu masu juvenilnih pacova tokom tri nedelje. Ogled je izveden na 64 pacova podeljenih u osam grupa od po 8 jedinki. Formirane su sledeće grupe: 1. Se+PTU-IA- (kontrolna grupa), 2. Se+PTU+IA+, 3. Se+PTU+IA-, 4. Se+PTU-IA+, 5. Se-PTU-IA-, 6. Se-PTU+IA+, 7. Se-PTU+IA- i 8. Se-PTU-IA+. Grupe sa oznakom (Se+) su bile selenadekvatne i dobijale su hranu koja je sadržala 0,334 mg Se/kg hrane. Grupe sa oznakom (Se-) su bile selendeficitne i dobijale su 0,031 mg mg Se/kg hrane. Kao blokatori dejodinaza su korišćeni propiltiouracil (PTU+) u dozi od 150 mg/L vode za piće i jopanoična kiselina (IA+) u dozi od 6 mg/100g t.m. intraperitonealno. Telesna masa oglednih pacova je merena svakih sedam dana. Nakon tri nedelje tretmana uzeti su uzorci krvi životinja iz svih oglednih grupa i određivani su sledeći parametri: koncentracja selena u punoj krvi, tiroksin (T4), trijodtironin (T3) i tireostimulirajući hormon (TSH) u krvnoj plazmi. Analiza je pokazala da su jedinke iz grupe tretiranih sa PTU imale nižu telesnu masu u odnosu na kontrolnu, kao i nižu koncentraciju T3 i T4 u plazmi. Selendeficitni pacovi su nakon tri nedelje imali nižu prosečnu telesnu masu u odnosu na selenadekvatne, ali nisu uočene razlike u koncentraciji tireoidnih hormona. Najniža prosečna telesna masa zabeležena je kod selendeficitnih grupa pacova tretiranih sa PTU.

A total of 221 feedstuff samples (187 grain samples and 34 hay samples) were collected from 13 different locations on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The results expressed as μg/kg have shown an average selenium content in grain samples of 34.3 ± 17.1 and 53.8 ± 18.7 in hay samples. However, a distinct difference was noted between samples collected from the locations north of the river Danube (52.8 ± 20.0 and 73.4 ± 21.3 for grain and hay samples, respectively) compared to the locations south of the Danube (23.3 ±15.4 and 41.7 ± 17.1 for grain and hay samples, respectively). GPx activity was measured in a total of 58 blood plasma samples collected from ewes grazing on 5 different locations. The average GPx activity was 157.4 ± 61.9 μkat/L and it followed a pattern similar to the distribution of Se in feedstuffs. GPx activity was higher in samples collected north of the Danube (212.8 ± 91.2 μkat/L), compared to ewes south of the Danube (66.9 ± 14.0 μkat/L). According to the obtained results and literature data Serbia can be described as a selenium deficient area, showing a marked deficiency on the locations south of the Danube., Ispitano je ukupno 221 uzoraka biljnih hraniva (187 žitarica i 34 uzoraka sena) sakupljenih sa različitih lokacija na području 15 opština Republike Srbije. Rezultati izraženi u μg/kg pokazali su da je prosečan sadržaj selena 34.3 ± 17.1 μg/kg u uzorcima žitarica i 53.8 ± 18.7 μg/kg u uzorcima sena. Međutim, značajna razlika je uočena između uzoraka koji potiču sa područja severno (52.8 ± 20.0 i 73.4 ± 21.3 za uzorke žitarica i sena) u odnosu na uzorke sa južne strane toka Dunava (23.3 ±15.4 i 41.7 ± 17.1 za uzorke žitarica i sena). Aktivnost GPx je merena u ukupno 58 uzoraka krvne plazme ovaca koje su bile na ispaši na 5 različitih lokacija. Prosečna GPx aktivnost je iznosila 157.4 ± 61.9 μkat/L. Aktivnost GPx je pokazala distribuciju po lokalitetima slično kao i ispitivana biljna hraniva. Naime, aktivnost GPx je bila viša (212.8 ± 91.2 μkat/L) u uzorcima krvi ovaca na ispaši severno od Dunava u odnosu na ovce koje su bile na ispaši na južnim lokalitetima (66.9 ± 14.0 μkat/L). U skladu sa postignutim rezultatima, kao i literaturnim podacima, Srbija može da se svrsta u seleno deficitarne regione, pri čemu lokaliteti južno od toka Dunava pokazuju više izražen deficit. .

The incidence of retained placenta (RP) in cows increases in cases of parturition induced by prostaglandin F2α. We analyzed the effects of different doses of supplemental selenium and vitamin E on the incidence of RP, blood selenium, plasma thyronines, and malondialdehyde concentration. Thirty-three clinically healthy, multiparous Holstein-Frisian cows were assigned to 3 groups and supplemented with a single intramuscular injection of sodium selenite (SS) and tocopherol acetate (TAc) between days 250 to 255 of gestation: control—unsupplemented; group A—10 mg SS + 400 mg TAc; group B—20 mg SS + 800 mg TAc. Parturition was induced using PGF2α not before day 275 of gestation. The RP incidence was reduced from 66.7% in the control to 38.2 and 30.8% in groups A and B, respectively. Blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in treated groups were significantly higher compared to control, with no significant difference between groups A and B. Plasma malondialdehyde in group B was significantly lower than that in control and group A, while thyronines levels were not affected. Comparison of RP and non-RP cows, independently of supplement treatment, revealed higher blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity and lower MDA and thyroxine in non-RP animals, while triiodothyronine level did not differ.