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1. Three pathways to better recognize the expertise of Global South researchers

Author

Gabriel Nakamura, Bruno Eleres Soares, Valério D. Pillar, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho, and Leandro Duarte

Subjects
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

It is widely perceived how research institutes have been adopting the discourse of champions of diversity, inclusion, and equity (DEI) in recent years. Despite progress in diversity and inclusion in the academic environment, we highlight here that nothing or, at very best, little work has been done to overcome the scientific labor division in academic research that promotes neocolonial practices in academic recognition and jeopardizes equity. In this piece, we bring secondary data that reinforce biased patterns in academic recognition between Global North and South (geographical markers and citation bias), and propose three actions that should be adopted by researchers, research institutes, journals, and scientific societies from the Global North that allows for a fairer recognition of the academic expertise produced by the Global South.

Published
2023
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3. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Sandra Díaz, Jens Kattge, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ian J. Wright, Sandra Lavorel, Stéphane Dray, Björn Reu, Michael Kleyer, Christian Wirth, I. Colin Prentice, Eric Garnier, Gerhard Bönisch, Mark Westoby, Hendrik Poorter, Peter B. Reich, Angela T. Moles, John Dickie, Amy E. Zanne, Jérôme Chave, S. Joseph Wright, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Hervé Jactel, Christopher Baraloto, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Simon Pierce, Bill Shipley, Fernando Casanoves, Julia S. Joswig, Angela Günther, Valeria Falczuk, Nadja Rüger, Miguel D. Mahecha, Lucas D. Gorné, Bernard Amiaud, Owen K. Atkin, Michael Bahn, Dennis Baldocchi, Michael Beckmann, Benjamin Blonder, William Bond, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Kerry Brown, Sabina Burrascano, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, F. Stuart Chapin, Brendan Choat, David Anthony Coomes, William K. Cornwell, Joseph Craine, Dylan Craven, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Franciska T. de Vries, Tomas Ferreira Domingues, Brian J. Enquist, Jaime Fagúndez, Jingyun Fang, Fernando Fernández-Méndez, Maria T. Fernandez-Piedade, Henry Ford, Estelle Forey, Gregoire T. Freschet, Sophie Gachet, Rachael Gallagher, Walton Green, Greg R. Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Sandy P. Harrison, Wesley Neil Hattingh, Tianhua He, Thomas Hickler, Steven I. Higgins, Pedro Higuchi, Jugo Ilic, Robert B. Jackson, Adel Jalili, Steven Jansen, Fumito Koike, Christian König, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Hiroko Kurokawa, Eric G. Lamb, Daniel C. Laughlin, Michelle Leishman, Simon Lewis, Frédérique Louault, Ana C. M. Malhado, Peter Manning, Patrick Meir, Maurizio Mencuccini, Julie Messier, Regis Miller, Vanessa Minden, Jane Molofsky, Rebecca Montgomery, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí, Marco Moretti, Sandra Müller, Ülo Niinemets, Romà Ogaya, Kinga Öllerer, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Wim A. Ozinga, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Clara Pladevall, Christine Römermann, Lawren Sack, Norma Salinas, Brody Sandel, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Fritz Schweingruber, Satomi Shiodera, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia, Marko J. Spasojevic, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Susanne Tautenhahn, Ken Thompson, Alexia Totte, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert, Fernando Valladares, Peter van Bodegom, François Vasseur, Kris Verheyen, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle, Betsy von Holle, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Michael C. Wiemann, Mathew Williams, Justin Wright, and Gerhard Zotz

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) plant trait Technology Type(s) various Factor Type(s) none Sample Characteristic - Organism Tracheophyta Sample Characteristic - Environment natural environment Sample Characteristic - Location global

Published
2022
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4. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Francesco Maria Sabatini, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ute Jandt, Milan Chytrý, Richard Field, Michael Kessler, Jonathan Lenoir, Franziska Schrodt, Susan K. Wiser, Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan, Fabio Attorre, Luis Cayuela, Michele De Sanctis, Jürgen Dengler, Sylvia Haider, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Adrian Indreica, Florian Jansen, Aníbal Pauchard, Robert K. Peet, Petr Petřík, Valério D. Pillar, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Zhiyao Tang, Peter van Bodegom, Kiril Vassilev, Cyrille Violle, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Priya Davidar, Jiri Dolezal, Bruno Hérault, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Jorge Jiménez, Stephan Kambach, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Holger Kreft, Felipe Lezama, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Justin K. N’Dja, Oliver L. Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Petr Sklenář, Karina Speziale, Ben J. Strohbach, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Hua-Feng Wang, Karsten Wesche, and Helge Bruelheide

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Global patterns of regional plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether they hold for local communities is debated. This study created multi-grain global maps of alpha diversity for vascular plants to provide a nuanced understanding of plant diversity hotspots and improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.

Published
2022
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5. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author

Daniel S. Maynard, Lalasia Bialic-Murphy, Constantin M. Zohner, Colin Averill, Johan van den Hoogen, Haozhi Ma, Lidong Mo, Gabriel Reuben Smith, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Isabelle Aubin, Erika Berenguer, Coline C. F. Boonman, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Arildo S. Dias, Andrés González-Melo, Peter Hietz, Christopher H. Lusk, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Valério D. Pillar, Bruno X. Pinho, Julieta A. Rosell, Frank M. Schurr, Serge N. Sheremetev, Ana Carolina da Silva, Ênio Sosinski, Peter M. van Bodegom, Evan Weiher, Gerhard Bönisch, Jens Kattge, and Thomas W. Crowther

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Understanding patterns in woody plant trait relationships and trade-offs is challenging. Here, by applying machine learning and data imputation methods to a global database of georeferenced trait measurements, the authors unravel key relationships in tree functional traits at the global scale.

Published
2022
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6. Grazers and fires: Their role in shaping the structure and functioning of the Río de la Plata Grasslands

Author

José M. Paruelo, Martín Oesterheld, Alice Altesor, Gervasio Piñeiro, Claudia Rodríguez, Pablo Baldassini, Gonzalo Irisarri, Luis López-Mársico, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
disturbances, grasslands, ecosystem services, environmental footprint, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The Río de la Plata Grasslands (RPG) are one of the largest areas of open ecosystems (grasslands, shrublands and savannas) in the world. Historically, these systems have experienced, and continue to experience, an enormous loss of natural habitats. Moreover, their importance has been largely invisible in comparison to forested systems. The remaining area of open ecosystems in the RPG region varies according to the source from 38 to 58% of the original area. Open Ecosystems (OE) are a special case of agroecosystems because they can combine the supply of both provisioning and regulating and supporting ecosystem services (ES). Preserving the provision of ES in these natural habitats depends, in part, on understanding the role of the two main disturbances operating in them: grazing and fire. Although these two disturbances are natural components of OE, both are manipulated by humans. In this paper we reviewed the role played by fire and grazing in the structure and functioning of the RPG starting from the late Pleistocene and Holocene, and summarizing current evidence on the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation, fauna and biogeochemical processes. The evidence indicates that among agricultural activities, direct grazing systems in OE have the lowest environmental footprint. At the same time are the key for habitat preservation and ES supply. Overall, the OE of the RPG still represent a high proportion of the area, are capable of covering 2.5% of the world’s population needs of high quality protein and, at the same time, guarding the regulation of key processes.

Published
2022
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7. Padrões espaciais da vegetação lenhosa associados ao processo de expansão da Floresta com Araucaria sobre Campos excluídos de manejo

Author

Camila Fonseca Schinestsck, Sandra Cristina Müller, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

O processo de expansão florestal tem sido observado em regiões de mosaicos de campo-floresta no Sul do Brasil, especialmente em campos excluídos de fogo e pastejo. Outros fatores influenciam esse processo, porém a magnitude ainda permanece pouco compreendida. Neste estudo, avaliamos os padrões da vegetação lenhosa estabelecida num campo excluído de manejo por 34 anos, relacionando-os com variáveis de solo e espaço. Estabelecemos 110 parcelas (113 m2 cada) de forma sistemática sobre áreas mapeadas como campos em 1985, na Estação Ecológica de Aracuri, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos lenhosos e variáveis de solo. Análises de ordenação e de partição da variância da composição de espécies nos componentes solo, espaço, e solo estruturado no espaço foram empregadas. Os padrões da vegetação foram melhor explicados pelo espaço, principalmente a distância da área fonte florestal. Comunidades mais próximas da antiga borda florestal são caracterizadas por mais espécies e indivíduos com dispersão zoocórica. Áreas mais distantes têm predomínio de arbustos campestres (Baccharis uncinella) e poucas arbóreas se estabeleceram. O solo apresentou baixa explicação (5%), porém as condições modificam-se conforme o desenvolvimento florestal avança. Concluímos que a expansão florestal em área excluída de distúrbios tem forte associação com o espaço – a distância de áreas fonte, e que os fatores edáficos pouco contribuem com a magnitude do avanço sobre o campo.

Published
2019
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8. Towards an applied metaecology

Author

Luis Schiesari, Miguel G. Matias, Paulo Inácio Prado, Mathew A. Leibold, Cecile H. Albert, Jennifer G. Howeth, Shawn J. Leroux, Renata Pardini, Tadeu Siqueira, Pedro H.S. Brancalion, Mar Cabeza, Renato Mendes Coutinho, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho, Bertrand Fournier, Daniel J.G. Lahr, Thomas M. Lewinsohn, Ayana Martins, Carla Morsello, Pedro R. Peres-Neto, Valério D. Pillar, and Diego P. Vázquez

Subjects
Ecology, Applied ecology, Conservation, Metapopulation, Metacommunity, Metaecosystem, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The complexity of ecological systems is a major challenge for practitioners and decision-makers who work to avoid, mitigate and manage environmental change. Here, we illustrate how metaecology – the study of spatial interdependencies among ecological systems through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter – can enhance understanding and improve managing environmental change at multiple spatial scales. We present several case studies illustrating how the framework has leveraged decision-making in conservation, restoration and risk management. Nevertheless, an explicit incorporation of metaecology is still uncommon in the applied ecology literature, and in action guidelines addressing environmental change. This is unfortunate because the many facets of environmental change can be framed as modifying spatial context, connectedness and dominant regulating processes - the defining features of metaecological systems. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice will require incorporating system-specific realism in otherwise predominantly conceptual studies, as well as deliberately studying scenarios of environmental change.

Published
2019
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9. Why Brazil needs its Legal Reserves

Author

Jean Paul Metzger, Mercedes M.C. Bustamante, Joice Ferreira, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Felipe Librán-Embid, Valério D. Pillar, Paula R. Prist, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ima Célia G. Vieira, and Gerhard E. Overbeck

Subjects
Natural vegetation, Native Vegetation Protection Law, Nature-based solution, Sustainability, Ecosystem services, Biodiversity, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Brazil's environmental legislation obliges private properties to retain a fixed proportion of their total area with native vegetation, the so-called “Legal Reserves”. Those areas represent practically one third of the country's native vegetation and are well known for their role in biodiversity protection and in the provisioning of a wide range of ecosystem services for landowners and society. Despite their relevance, this instrument has been criticized by part of the agribusiness sector and its representatives in the Brazilian Congress. The Legal Reserve requirement is said to be too restrictive and to impede the full expansion of agricultural activities, and thus to be detrimental for the development of the country. Here, we critically analyze the arguments employed in the justification of a recently proposed bill that aims to completely extinguish Legal Reserves. We demonstrate that the arguments used are mostly unsupported by data, evidence or theory, besides being based on illogical reasoning. Further, we synthesize the principal benefits of Legal Reserves, including health and economic benefits, and emphasize the importance of these reserves for water, energy, food, and climate securities, in addition to their primary function of assisting in the maintenance of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. We also highlight that Legal Reserves are a key-component for effective and less expensive nature-based solutions, and thus should be considered as assets for the development of Brazil rather than liabilities. Based on available sound scientific evidence and agreement on their relevance, we strongly oppose any attempt to extinguish or weaken the maintenance of Brazil's Legal Reserves.

Published
2019
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10. Por que o Brasil precisa de suas Reservas Legais

Author

Jean Paul Metzger, Mercedes M.C. Bustamante, Joice Ferreira, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Felipe Librán‐Embid, Valério D. Pillar, Paula R. Prist, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ima Célia G. Vieira, and Gerhard E. Overbeck

Subjects
Vegetação natural, Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa, Soluções baseadas na natureza, Sustentabilidade, Serviços ecossistêmicos, Biodiversidade, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Resumo: A legislação ambiental brasileira requer que as propriedades privadas mantenham uma proporção de sua área coberta com vegetação nativa, as chamadas Reservas Legais. Essas áreas representam praticamente um terço da vegetação nativa do país e são reconhecidas pelo seu importante papel na proteção da biodiversidade e na provisão de uma vasta gama de serviços ecossistêmicos aos proprietários rurais e à sociedade. Apesar de sua relevância, o estabelecimento de Reservas Legais tem sido criticado por parte do agronegócio e seus representantes no Congresso Nacional. A exigência de Reservas Legais é considerada demasiadamente restritiva e impediria a plena expansão das atividades agrícolas e, por conseguinte, prejudicaria o desenvolvimento do país. Aqui, analisamos criticamente os argumentos de um projeto de lei recentemente proposto, que visa a extinguir completamente as Reservas Legais. Demonstramos que os argumentos usados não têm apoio em dados, evidências ou teorias, além de ser baseados em raciocínio ilógico. Além disso, sintetizamos os principais benefícios das Reservas Legais, inclusive benefícios econômicos e para a saúde humana, e enfatizamos a importância dessas reservas para as seguranças hídrica, energética, alimentar e climática, além de sua função primária de auxiliar na manutenção da biodiversidade em paisagens agrícolas. Destacamos também que as Reservas Legais são um componente‐chave para soluções baseadas na natureza, que são reconhecidamente mais eficazes e menos dispendiosas. Devem, assim, serum consideradas como ativos para o desenvolvimento do Brasil, e não como passivos. Baseados nas sólidas evidências científicas disponíveis e na concordância sobre a relevância das Reservas Legais, opomo‐nos veementemente a qualquer tentativa de extinguir ou enfraquecer a manutenção dessas áreas.

Published
2019
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11. The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation

Author

CLARISSA ROSA, FABRICIO BACCARO, CECILIA CRONEMBERGER, JULIANA HIPÓLITO, CLAUDIA FRANCA BARROS, DOMINGOS DE JESUS RODRIGUES, SELVINO NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, GERHARD E. OVERBECK, ELISANDRO RICARDO DRECHSLER-SANTOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS ANJOS, ÁTILLA C. FERREGUETTI, ALBERTO AKAMA, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO MARTINS, WALFRIDO MORAES TOMAS, SANDRA APARECIDA SANTOS, VANDA LÚCIA FERREIRA, CATIA NUNES DA CUNHA, JERRY PENHA, JOÃO BATISTA DE PINHO, SUZANA MARIA SALIS, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA DORIA, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, LUCIANA R. PODGAISKI, MARCELO MENIN, NARCÍSIO COSTA BÍGIO, SUSAN ARAGÓN, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, EDUARDO VÉLEZ-MARTIN, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E SILVA, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA IZZO, AMANDA FREDERICO MORTATI, LEANDRO LACERDA GIACOMIN, THAÍS ELIAS ALMEIDA, THIAGO ANDRÉ, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA SILVEIRA, MARILUCE REZENDE MESSIAS, MARCIA C.M. MARQUES, ANDRE ANDRIAN PADIAL, RENATO MARQUES, YOUSZEF O.C. BITAR, MARCOS SILVEIRA, ELDER FERREIRA MORATO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA PAGOTTO, CHRISTINE STRUSSMANN, RICARDO BOMFIM MACHADO, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA AGUIAR, GERALDO WILSON FERNANDES, YUMI OKI, SAMUEL NOVAIS, GUILHERME BRAGA FERREIRA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES BARBOSA, ANA C. OCHOA, ANTONIO M. MANGIONE, AILIN GATICA, MARÍA CELINA CARRIZO, LUCÍA MARTINEZ RETTA, LAURA E. JOFRÉ, LUCIANA L. CASTILLO, ANDREA M. NEME, CARLA RUEDA, JOSÉ JULIO DE TOLEDO, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS GRELLE, MARIANA M. VALE, MARCUS VINICIUS VIEIRA, RUI CERQUEIRA, EMÍLIO MANABU HIGASHIKAWA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE MENDONÇA, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA GUERREIRO, AUREO BANHOS, JEAN-MARC HERO, RODRIGO KOBLITZ, ROSANE GARCIA COLLEVATTI, LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA, HERALDO L. VASCONCELOS, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES VIEIRA, GUARINO RINALDI COLLI, SONIA ZANINI CECHIN, TIAGO GOMES DOS SANTOS, CARLA S. FONTANA, JOÃO A. JARENKOW, LUIZ R. MALABARBA, MARTA P. RUEDA, PUBLIO A. ARAUJO, LUCAS PALOMO, MARTA C. ITURRE, HELENA GODOY BERGALLO, and WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON

Subjects
Biodiversity, Long-term Ecological Research, stakeholders, knowledge production, data availability, capacity building, Science
Abstract

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

Published
2021
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12. Effects of initial disturbances and grazing regime on native grassland invasion by Eragrostis plana in southern Brazil

Author

Rodrigo Baggio, Renato Borges de Medeiros, Telmo Focht, Lidiane da Rosa Boavista, Valério D. Pillar, and Sandra C. Müller

Subjects
Biological invasion, Capim-annoni, Community resistance, Soil scarification, Southern Brazilian Campos, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Extensive invasion of the Campos grasslands of southern Brazil by the South African grass, Eragrostis plana, is a serious conservation problem due to its low palatability and ability to quickly spread. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of grazing management and initial disturbance on invasibility of native grassland community by E. plana. The experiment, a split-plot complete block design with three replications, was established in 2004 in non-invaded native grassland. Grazing management treatments were assessed in main plots (continuous grazing, rotational grazing, and grazing exclusion). The initial disturbance treatments (light grazing, heavy grazing, and heavy grazing plus soil scarification) were applied in subplots before the sowing of standard amounts of E. plana seeds. The initial disturbances heavy grazing and heavy grazing plus soil scarification simulated the introduction of exotic forage species. We monitor plant species composition and diversity along six years after the experiment starting. The effects of grazing management and initial disturbance on community invasibility were significant and showed interaction. Heavy grazing plus soil scarification increased the rate of E. plana invasion and produced more pronounced changes in species composition than the other treatments. Plots under grazing exclusion, rotational or continuous grazing without soil scarification had low levels of invasion (

Published
2018
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13. Dismantling Brazil's science threatens global biodiversity heritage

Author

G. Wilson Fernandes, Mariana M. Vale, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Mercedes M.C. Bustamante, Carlos E.V. Grelle, Helena Godoy Bergallo, William E. Magnusson, Alberto Akama, Suelen S. Alves, André Amorim, Joaquim Araújo, Claudia Franca Barros, Freddy Bravo, Marcelo J. Veiga Carim, Rui Cerqueira, Rosane Garcia Collevatti, Guarino R. Colli, Catia Nunes da Cunha, Paulo Sergio D’Andrea, José Carmine Dianese, Soraia Diniz, Pedro Cordeiro Estrela, Mariluce R.M. Fernandes, Carla Suertegaray Fontana, Leandro L. Giacomin, Luis Fernando P. Gusmão, Flora Acuña Juncá, Ana Carolina Borges Lins-e-Silva, Celia R.A.S. Lopes, Maria Lucia Lorini, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz, Luiz R. Malabarba, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marcia C.M. Marques, Bruno M. Martinelli, Marlucia Bonifacio Martins, Hermes Fonseca de Medeiros, Marcelo Menin, Paula Benevides de Morais, Francisca Helena Muniz, Selvino Neckel-Oliveira, João Alves de Oliveira, Reyjane P. Oliveira, Fernando Pedroni, Jerry Penha, Luciana R. Podgaiski, Domingos J. Rodrigues, Aldicir Scariot, Luís Fábio Silveira, Marcos Silveira, Walfrido Moraes Tomas, Marcos J. Salgado Vital, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
Biodiversity research network, Brazil, Global environmental commitments, Political and fiscal crisis, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

In the middle of a political and fiscal crisis, the Brazilian government is applying successive budget cuts, including in science funding. Recent cuts radically affect research programs on biodiversity that are crucial components for the design and monitoring of public policies for nature conservation and sustainable development. We analyze the consequences of such cuts on the Research Program on Biodiversity (PPBio), the largest biodiversity research network in Brazil (626 researchers, nine networks in all Brazilian biomes). Brazil holds a substantial part of the world's biodiversity and of tropical forests that play a significant role for regional and global climate stability. If underfunding is maintained, the dismantling of the Brazilian PPBio will have consequences that go beyond biodiversity knowledge itself but affect society as a whole. Brazil will likely fail to reach the National Targets for Biodiversity 2011–2020, and it will be difficult to fulfill the restoration target of the Brazilian NDC and to advance with the sustainable development goals.

Published
2017
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14. Exploring seed to seed effects for understanding invasive species success

Author

Anaclara Guido, Daniela Hoss, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
Brazil, Competition, Eragrostis plana, Germination, Grassland, Invasion, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Comparative approaches between native and invasive species germination are useful for understanding invasion success. We studied the role of invasive–native neighboring seeds on germination and early growth of different grasses. We focused on the non-native species Eragrostis plana Ness, the most invasive plant in southern Brazilian grasslands. A germination experiment was performed with three neighboring seed treatments: (i) each species separately, (ii) interspecific seed interactions of native vs. invasive, and (iii) native vs. other native species. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber; seeds were placed in Petri dishes and grown for 10 days. For each treatment we measured: germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling leaf and root lengths. E. plana germination was remarkably different from native grasses, 73.3% of seeds germinated within 24 h. This earlier germination may explain its high invasion potential, as immediate access to limited resources enhances opportunities for establishment and growth. E. plana seeds did not significantly affect germination of other native seeds. However, we demonstrated that some native seeds delayed E. plana germination and decreased its growth. Short delays in germination and growth reduction can result in large differences in final biomass, which may have important implications for preventing E. plana invasion.

Published
2017
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15. Effects of Brazil's Political Crisis on the Science Needed for Biodiversity Conservation

Author

William E. Magnusson, Carlos E. V. Grelle, Márcia C. M. Marques, Carlos F. D. Rocha, Braulio Dias, Carla S. Fontana, Helena Bergallo, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Mariana M. Vale, Walfrido M. Tomas, Rui Cerqueira, Rosane Collevatti, Valério D. Pillar, Luiz R. Malabarba, Ana Carolina Lins-e-Silva, Selvino Neckel-Oliveira, Bruno Martinelli, Alberto Akama, Domingos Rodrigues, Luis F. Silveira, Aldicir Scariot, and Geraldo W. Fernandes

Subjects
Brazil, biodiversity, climate change, governance, funding, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The effects of Brazil's political crisis on science funding necessary for biodiversity conservation are likely to be global. Brazil is not only the world's most biodiverse nation, it is responsible for the greater part of the Amazon forest, which regulates the climate and provides rain to much of southern South America. Brazil was a world leader in satellite monitoring of land-use change, in-situ biodiversity monitoring, reduction in tropical-forest deforestation, protection of indigenous lands, and a model for other developing nations. Coordinated public responses will be necessary to prevent special-interest groups from using the political crisis to weaken science funding, environmental legislation and law enforcement.

Published
2018
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17. Identifying the Informational/Signal Dimension in Principal Component Analysis

Author

Sergio Camiz and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
Principal Component Analysis, stopping rules, simulated data, rules comparison, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

The identification of a reduced dimensional representation of the data is among the main issues of exploratory multidimensional data analysis and several solutions had been proposed in the literature according to the method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the method that has received the largest attention thus far and several identification methods—the so-called stopping rules—have been proposed, giving very different results in practice, and some comparative study has been carried out. Some inconsistencies in the previous studies led us to try to fix the distinction between signal from noise in PCA—and its limits—and propose a new testing method. This consists in the production of simulated data according to a predefined eigenvalues structure, including zero-eigenvalues. From random populations built according to several such structures, reduced-size samples were extracted and to them different levels of random normal noise were added. This controlled introduction of noise allows a clear distinction between expected signal and noise, the latter relegated to the non-zero eigenvalues in the samples corresponding to zero ones in the population. With this new method, we tested the performance of ten different stopping rules. Of every method, for every structure and every noise, both power (the ability to correctly identify the expected dimension) and type-I error (the detection of a dimension composed only by noise) have been measured, by counting the relative frequencies in which the smallest non-zero eigenvalue in the population was recognized as signal in the samples and that in which the largest zero-eigenvalue was recognized as noise, respectively. This way, the behaviour of the examined methods is clear and their comparison/evaluation is possible. The reported results show that both the generalization of the Bartlett’s test by Rencher and the Bootstrap method by Pillar result much better than all others: both are accounted for reasonable power, decreasing with noise, and very good type-I error. Thus, more than the others, these methods deserve being adopted.

Published
2018
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18. Grassland vegetation sampling - a practical guide for sampling and data analysis

Author

Bianca Ott Andrade, Ilsi Iob Boldrini, Monica Cadenazzi, Valério D. Pillar, and Gerhard Ernst Overbeck

Subjects
non-forest ecosystems, plant community, phytosociological studies, quantitative analysis, relevé, vegetation survey, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

ABSTRACT Grassland and savanna ecosystems are the original vegetation types of more than 30% of the Brazilian territory, but conservation and training of future professionals has largely focused on forests. In fact, no standard protocols exist for sampling grassland vegetation for environmental planning or licensing. Neglecting non-forest ecosystems may have deleterious consequences for the maintenance of biodiversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services. Herein, we provide practical guidelines on how to conceive and develop ecological studies of grassland vegetation for scientific, monitoring or technical purposes. Using examples mostly from southern Brazil, we explain and discuss the various components of the research process, from the question to be investigated to defining and implementing the sampling design, performing data analyses and presenting the results. Our guidelines should prove useful for training technicians and researchers working on grassland ecosystems and other non-forest ecosystems in Brazil and surrounding regions.

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20. Geographical variation in the trait‐based assembly patterns of multitrophic invertebrate communities

Author

Diane S. Srivastava, A. Andrew M. MacDonald, Valério D. Pillar, Pavel Kratina, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, Laura Melissa Guzman, Mark Kurtis Trzcinski, Olivier Dézerald, Ignacio M. Barberis, Paula M. de Omena, Gustavo Q. Romero, Fabiola Ospina‐Bautista, Nicholas A. C. Marino, Céline Leroy, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Barbara A. Richardson, Ana Z. Gonçalves, Bruno Corbara, Jana S. Petermann, Michael J. Richardson, Michael C. Melnychuk, Merlijn Jocqué, Jacqueline T. Ngai, Stanislas Talaga, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, Guillermo Montero, Kathryn R. Kirby, Brian M. Starzomski, Régis Céréghino, University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bromeliad invertebrates, Trait-based ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Habitat filtering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Functional biogeography
Abstract

International audience; It has been argued that the mechanisms structuring ecological communities may be more generalizable when based on traits than on species identities. If so, patterns in the assembly of community-level traits along environmental gradients should be similar in different places in the world. Alternatively, geographical change in the species pool and regional variation in climate might result in site-specific relationships between community traits and local environments. These competing hypotheses are particularly untested for animal communities. Here we test the geographical constancy of trait-based assembly patterns using a widespread multi-trophic community: aquatic macroinvertebrates within bromeliads. We used data on 615 invertebrate taxa from 1,656 bromeliads in 26 field sites from Mexico to Argentina. We summarized invertebrate traits with four orthogonal axes, and used these trait axes to examine trait convergence and divergence assembly patterns along three environmental gradients: detrital biomass and water volume in bromeliads, and canopy cover over bromeliads. We found no overall signal of trait-based assembly patterns along any of the environmental gradients. However, individual sites did show trait convergence along detrital and water gradients, and we built predictive models to explore these site differences. Sites that showed trait convergence along detrital gradients were all north of the Northern Andes. This geographical pattern may be related to phylogeographical differences in bromeliad morphology. Bromeliads with low detritus were dominated by detritivorous collectors and filter feeders, where those with high detritus had more sclerotized and predatory invertebrates. Sites that showed the strongest trait convergence along gradients in bromeliad water were in regions with seasonal precipitation. In such sites, bromeliads with low water were dominated by soft-bodied, benthic invertebrates with simple life cycles. In less seasonal sites, traits associated with short-term desiccation resistance, such as hard exoskeletons, were more important. In summary, we show that there are strong geographical effects on the trait-based assembly patterns of this invertebrate community, driven by the biogeography of their foundational plant species as well as by regional climate. We suggest that inclusion of biogeography and climate in trait-based community ecology could help make it a truly general theory.

Published
2022

21. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author

Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Miao Sun, Ênio E. Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter M. van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez, Enquist, Brian J/0000-0002-6124-7096, Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Bruun, Hans Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Eiserhardt, Wolf/0000-0002-8136-5233, Serra-Diaz, Josep, M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Sun, Miao/0000-0001-5701-0478, Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960, Martin, Adam Robert/0000-0002-7207-4004, de Frutos, Angel/0000-0002-5250-9488, Xu, Wubing/0000-0002-6566-4452, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Uelo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski Jr, Enio E., SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Climate Change, Aquatic Ecology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biodiversity, Climate Action, Magnoliopsida, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Humans, Life Science, Life Below Water, Phylogeny
Abstract

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleo-climate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (rich-ness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta -di-versity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally se-lective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide. W.-B.X. and A.O. acknowledge support from the Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) Starting Grant (AUFF-F-2018-7-8). J.-C.S. acknowledges support from the Danish Council for Independent Research|Natural Sciences (grant 6108-00078B) to the TREECHANGE Project. J.-C.S. also considers this work a contribution to the Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) funded by Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF173) and the VILLUM Investigator project “Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World” funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549). W.L.E. was supported by the VILLUM FONDEN (grant 00025354). M.A. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grants program. C.B. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2022R1A2C1003504). A.G.G. was supported by the ANID PIA/BASAL (grant FB210006) and FONDECYT (grant 1200468). R.E.O. was supported by the German Research Foundation to German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). J.Pe. was supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces project (CIVP20A6621) and Spanish Government project (PID2019-110521GB-I00). J.Pi. was supported by the Estonian Research Council Grants (PUT1355, PRG 1405) and Mobilitas Pluss (MOBERC11). V.D.P. was supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) of Brazil (grant 307689/2014-0).

Published
2023

25. Stabilizing effects of biodiversity on grassland productivity under climate anomalies depend on the communities' resource use strategy

Author

Daniela Hoss, Aline Richter, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Luciana Menezes, Gerhard Overbeck, Vanderlei Debastiani, and Valério D. Pillar

Abstract

The effects of climate changes on the stability of plant communities is a major concern, especially for the maintenance of ecosystem processes and services. Biodiversity may buffer communities from the effects of these disturbances, providing resistance and resilience. Here we assess the interplay between biodiversity facets on resistance and resilience of biomass productivity under anomalous dry and wet conditions in subtropical grasslands. Overall, high levels of taxonomic and functional biodiversity components, coupled to the community type derived from functional traits, positively affected the resistance under anomalous dry and wet conditions, whereas resilience was positively affected in the recovery from wet periods. We conclude that increased diversity of the plant communities can ensure ecosystem stability throughout the climatic anomalies, but this is contingent on the biodiversity component evaluated, the direction and intensity of the climatic anomaly, and the functional structure of the communities.

Published
2022

26. Minding the gap: Range size and economic use drive functional trait data gaps in the Atlantic forest

Author

Ana Carolina Petisco-Souza, Fernanda Thiesen Brum, Vinícius Marcilio-Silva, Victor P. Zwiener, Andressa Zanella, Arildo S. Dias, Andrés González-Melo, Steven Jansen, Guilherme G. Mazzochini, Ülo Niinemets, Valério D. Pillar, Enio Sosinski, Márcia C.M. Marques, and Marcos B. Carlucci

Subjects
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Published
2023

27. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author

Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Kun Guo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Egon Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Wu-Bing Xu, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University [Aarhus], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Andong National University, King‘s College London, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Bruun, Hans, Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda/0000-0002-9584-2109, He, Tianhua/0000-0002-0924-3637, Adam/0000-0002-7207-4004, Serra-Diaz, Josep M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein , Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ulo, Onoda, Yusuke, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Enio Egon, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Systems Ecology, WEN-YONG GUO, JOSEP M. SERRA-DIAZE, FRANZISKA SCHRODTF, WOLF L. EISERHARDT, BRIAN S. MAITNER, CORY MEROW, CYRILLE VIOLLEJ, MADHUR ANAND, MICHA?EL BELLUAU, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, CHAEHO BYUN, JANE A. CATFORD, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, DANIELA CICCARELLI, J. HANS C. CORNELISSEN, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, ARILDO S. DIAS, AELTON B. GIROLDO, KUN GUO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, WESLEY HATTINGH, TIANHUA HE, PETER HIETZ, NATE HOUGH-SNEE, STEVEN JANSEN, JENS KATTGE, TAMIR KLEIN, BENJAMIN KOMAC, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, KOEN KRAMER, SANDRA LAVOREL, CHRISTOPHER H. LUSK, ADAM R. MARTIN, MAURIZIO MENCUCCINI, SEAN T. MICHALETZ, VANESSA MINDENT, AKIRA S. MORI, ÜLO NIINEMETS, YUSUKE ONODA, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, JAN PISEK, BJORN J. M. ROBROEK, BRANDON SCHAMP, MARTIJN SLOT, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, CPACT, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, NELSON THIFFAULT, PETER VAN BODEGOM, FONS VAN DER PLAS, IAN J. WRIGHT, WU-BING XU, JINGMING ZHENG, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, JENS-CHRISTIAN SVENNING., Biology, and General Botany and Nature Management

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Life on Land, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Trees, Filosofie, tree species, Humans, biodiversity j conservation frameworks j land use j protected areas j tree species, Área protegida, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, conservation frameworks, Conservação, Anthropogenic Effects, Biodiversidade, Aquatic Ecology, land use, Árvore, Philosophy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, protected areas
Abstract

Safeguarding Earth?s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species? range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting highpriority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species? range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-21T15:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guo-et-al.-2022-PNAS-High-exposure-of-global-tree-diversity-to-human-pressure.pdf: 2523289 bytes, checksum: 245be3df3fb487ed152d25bf50f4e984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Published
2022

28. To graze or not to graze: A core question for conservation and sustainable use of grassy ecosystems in Brazil

Author

Gerhard E. Overbeck, Valério D. Pillar, Rodrigo Baggio, and Giselda Durigan

Subjects
Adaptive management, Geography, Ecology, Disturbance (ecology), Agroforestry, Sustainability, Biome, Grazing, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecosystem services
Abstract

Differently from commonly used forest conservation strategies, the absence of disturbance in non-forest-ecosystems can result in loss of biodiversity. Grassy ecosystems characterize extensive areas in all biomes in Brazil, offering great contribution to biological diversity and providing ecosystem services on which society depends. Palaeoecological evidence indicates these ecosystems evolved under the influence of grazing and fire, and these disturbances have been essential for controlling the dominance of woody vegetation. While the need for fire to maintain grassy biomes has been recently discussed, grazing as a management tool for conservation is still little accepted by the local scientific community and by decision-makers. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on grazing management and its effects on grassy ecosystems in Brazil. Based on a review of the role of grazers prior and after European colonization, and a synthesis on grazing effects across different systems, we call for the evaluation of grazing as a management tool for biodiversity conservation in Brazil’s grassy systems. Grazing should be an interesting management strategy especially in Legal Reserves with grassy vegetation types, as it can ally conservation with livestock production. To achieve these potentially complementary objectives, a research agenda needs to be developed to devise adaptive management strategies for Legal Reserves. In this, relevant stakeholders should be included and both the ecological conditions of the ecosystem in question and the socioeconomic determinants considered.

Published
2021

30. Effects of defoliation frequencies on above- and belowground biodiversity and ecosystem processes in subtropical grasslands of southern Brazil

Author

Felícia M. Fischer, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, Valério D. Pillar, Daniela Hoss, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Bruna Winck, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), and Ministério da Educação (Brasil)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Soil Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Grazing simulation, Bait-lamina test, Grazing, Ecosystem process, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Collembola
Abstract

The links between vegetation and soil biota are responsible for a variety of ecosystem processes and services that can be affected by grazing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of grazing frequency in natural grasslands’ biodiversity (plant and collembola communities) and on ecosystem processes (decomposition and biomass accumulation). For so, we carried out a clipping experiment over a natural area of subtropical grassland in southern Brazil. The plots were submitted during three years to three different clipping frequencies (high, intermediate, and low) to simulate defoliation caused by grazing. We found the highest aboveground biomass accumulation and detritivore activity in the low defoliation frequency, which also promoted the dominance of tussocks. The synergies between higher vegetation height and biomass tend to provide microclimatic conditions that favors decomposition, which releases nutrients to plants, promoting their growth. The defoliation frequencies applied in this study were not sufficient to provide effects on plant community, since its co-evolutionary history with grazing. The Collembola community was not affected by defoliation. It seems to be more influenced by other factors associated with grazing., Funding: This research was financially supported by Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS, Brazil (scientific initiation scholarship given to B.C.S. Jorge), by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq, Brazil, F.M.F. received a PhD scholarship by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Federal Government of Brazil. The experiment was founded by the project AN Integration of Mitigation and Adaptation options for sustainable Livestock production under climate CHANGE (ANIMAL CHANGE). V.D.P. was supported by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq grant 307689/2014-0).

Published
2022

31. Climate influences the response of community functional traits to local conditions in bromeliad invertebrate communities

Author

Fabiola Ospina Bautista, Laura Melissa Guzman, Benjamin Gilbert, Valério D. Pillar, Régis Céréghino, Ignacio M. Barberis, Bruno Corbara, Céline Leroy, Paula M. de Omena, Michael J. Richardson, Nicholas A. C. Marino, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, Merlijn Jocque, Barbara A. Richardson, Olivier Dézerald, Gustavo Q. Romero, M. Kurtis Trzcinski, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Ana Z. Gonįalves, Guillermo Montero, A. Andrew M. MacDonald, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, Diane S. Srivastava, Pavel Kratina, Univ. of British Columbia, Simon Fraser Univ., Científicas y Técnicas, Univ. Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB-FRB), Univ. of Toronto, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Univ. of Campinas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Auvergne, IRD, ECOFOG, Univ. de los Andes, Univ. de Caldas, Queen Mary Univ. of London, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Univ. of Puerto Rico, Agrocampus Oues, Royal Belgian Inst. of Natural Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Toronto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Informática da UFRGS (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras Campus (UPR-RP), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), climatic variation, macroinvertebrates, Local conditions, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Climate variation, functional traits, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, Invertebrate, Climatic variation, Macroinvertebrates, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Bromeliads, local conditions, Community composition, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bromeliads, Functional traits
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Functional traits determine an organism's performance in a given environment and as such determine which organisms will be found where. Species respond to local conditions, but also to larger scale gradients, such as climate. Trait ecology links these responses of species to community composition and species distributions. Yet, we often do not know which environmental gradients are most important in determining community trait composition at either local or biogeographical scales, or their interaction. Here we quantify the relative contribution of local and climatic conditions to the structure and composition of functional traits found within bromeliad invertebrate communities. We conclude that climate explains more variation in invertebrate trait composition within bromeliads than does local conditions. Importantly, climate mediated the response of traits to local conditions; for example, invertebrates with benthic life-history traits increased with bromeliad water volume only under certain precipitation regimes. Our ability to detect this and other patterns hinged on the compilation of multiple fine-grained datasets, allowing us to contrast the effect of climate versus local conditions. We suggest that, in addition to sampling communities at local scales, we need to aggregate studies that span large ranges in climate variation in order to fully understand trait filtering at local, regional and global scales. Dept of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre Univ. of British Columbia Dept of Biology Simon Fraser Univ. Dept of Forest and Conservation Sciences Univ. of British Columbia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Inst. de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Univ. Nacional de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement Univ. de Toulouse CNRS Univ. Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB-FRB) Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Univ. of Toronto Dept of Ecology and Graduate Program in Ecology Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Dept of Animal Biology Inst. of Biology Univ. of Campinas Inst. of Biological Sciences Univ. Federal do Pará Laboratoire Microorganismes Génome et Environnement Univ. Clermont Auvergne AMAP Univ. Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRA IRD ECOFOG Campus Agronomique Depto de Ciencias Biológicas Univ. de los Andes Depto de Ciencias Biológicas Univ. de Caldas School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary Univ. of London Dept of Botany Biosciences Inst. Univ. of São Paulo Depto de Ecologia Inst. de Biologia Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Luquillo LTER Inst. for Tropical Ecosystem Studies Univ. of Puerto Rico UMR ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRA Agrocampus Oues Dept of Zoology and Botany Univ. of São Paulo State Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology Royal Belgian Inst. of Natural Sciences

Published
2020

33. Plant functional groups associate with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

Author

David García de León, Tanel Vahter, Martin Zobel, Valério D. Pillar, Leho Tedersoo, Bruna Winck, Maarja Öpik, Milagros Barceló, Stijn Vaessen, C. Guillermo Bueno, Nadejda A. Soudzilovaskaia, Daniela Leon, John Davison, Siim-Kaarel Sepp, Yiming Meng, Mari Moora, and Maret Gerz

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Beta diversity, Plant Science, Biology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Ruderal species, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, Phylogenetic tree, fungi, food and beverages, Plants, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, Forb, Alpha diversity, Mycobiome, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between plants and fungi are modulated by the functional characteristics of both partners. However, it is unknown to what extent functionally distinct groups of plants naturally associate with different AM fungi. We reanalysed 14 high-throughput sequencing data sets describing AM fungal communities associating with plant individuals (2427) belonging to 297 species. We examined how root-associating AM fungal communities varied between plants with different growth forms, photosynthetic pathways, CSR (competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal) strategies, mycorrhizal statuses and N-fixing statuses. AM fungal community composition differed in relation to all studied plant functional groups. Grasses, C4 and nonruderal plants were characterised by high AM fungal alpha diversity, while C4 , ruderal and obligately mycorrhizal plants were characterised by high beta diversity. The phylogenetic diversity of AM fungi, a potential surrogate for functional diversity, was higher among forbs than other plant growth forms. Putatively ruderal (previously cultured) AM fungi were disproportionately associated with forbs and ruderal plants. There was phylogenetic correlation among AM fungi in the degree of association with different plant growth forms and photosynthetic pathways. Associated AM fungal communities constitute an important component of plant ecological strategies. Functionally different plants associate with distinct AM fungal communities, linking mycorrhizal associations with functional diversity in ecosystems.

Published
2020

36. Reference values and drivers of diversity for South Brazilian grassland plant communities

Author

LUCIANA S. MENEZES, CLEUSA V. ELY, DIÓBER B. LUCAS, GRAZIELA H. MINERVINI-SILVA, EDUARDO VÉLEZ-MARTIN, HEINRICH HASENACK, RAFAEL TREVISAN, ILSI IOB BOLDRINI, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, and GERHARD E. OVERBECK

Subjects
Beta diversity, environmental gradient, Multidisciplinary, Reference Values, conservation, turnover, Biodiversity, Plants, species richness, Grassland, Brazil, Ecosystem
Abstract

The South Brazilian grasslands (Campos Sulinos) form the dominant vegetation in southern Brazil. They are species-rich ecosystems that occur under distinct geomorphological and climatic conditions but spatial variation of plant species diversity remains understudied. Here, we present a detailed description of plant communities across the region. Our data were obtained in 1080 plots, representing well-preserved grasslands in different ecological systems. Apart from describing alpha and beta diversity, we investigated the relations of plant communities with environmental features. We identified 759 plant species and found clear differences in community composition across the region. Northern and Southern highland grasslands, humid and dry coastal grasslands and the mesic Pampa grassland were clearly distinct, related to climatic and edaphic features. While species abundance distribution was markedly uneven, local species richness was high, above 20 species/m2, especially in the highlands and in mesic Pampa sites, on shallow soils. The predominant component of beta diversity was species turnover, which suggests that a network of well-conserved grasslands distributed across the region would be the best strategy to protect plant diversity. Our results establish regionalized reference values for richness and diversity that can be useful for initiatives of restoration and conservation of these grasslands.

Published
2022

37. The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation

Author

Ana Carolina Borges Lins e Silva, Publio A Araujo, Quêzia Leandro de Moura Guerreiro, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, André Andrian Padial, Maria Aurea Pinheiro de Almeida Silveira, Walfrido Moraes Tomas, Carla Rueda, Fernando Pereira de Mendonça, Cecilia Cronemberger, Suzana Maria Salis, João André Jarenkow, Valério D. Pillar, Guarino R. Colli, Selvino Neckel-Oliveira, Mariana M. Vale, Cecília Rodrigues Vieira, Susan Aragón, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Rosane G. Collevatti, Laura Elizabeth Jofre, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Alberto Akama, Samuel Novais, Narcísio Costa Bigio, Jerry Penha, Lucas Palomo, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Thiago Junqueira Izzo, Rubiani de Cassia Pagotto, Sonia Zanini Cechin, Luiz Roberto Malabarba, Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar, Christine Strüssmann, Amanda Frederico Mortati, Jean-Marc Hero, Luís Fábio Silveira, Márcia C. M. Marques, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Batista de Pinho, Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos, Ailin Gatica, Tiago Gomes dos Santos, Antonio M. Mangione, Helena Godoy Bergallo, María Celina Carrizo, Andrea M Neme, Ana Cecilia Ochoa, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Juliana Hipólito, José Julio de Toledo, Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria, William E. Magnusson, Marcos Silveira, Youszef O. C. Bitar, Thaís Elias Almeida, Marcus Vinícius Vieira, Guilherme Braga Ferreira, Clarissa Alves da Rosa, Ricardo Machado, Claudia Franca Barros, Carla Suertegaray Fontana, Carlos E. V. Grelle, Emílio Manabu Higashikawa, Yumi Oki, Cátia Nunes da Cunha, Luciana Regina Podgaiski, Rodrigo Koblitz, Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Rui Cerqueira, Lucía Martínez Retta, Marta P. Rueda, Elder Ferreira Morato, Renato Francisco Rodrigues Marques, Marlucia Bonifacio Martins, Aureo Banhos, Antônio Laffayete Pires da Silveira, Marcelo Menin, Mariluce Rezende Messias, Sandra Aparecida Santos, Luciana L Castillo, Marta C Iturre, Marcelo Rodrigues dos Anjos, Thiago André, Vanda Lúcia Ferreira, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, CLARISSA ROSA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, FABRICIO BACCARO, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, CECILIA CRONEMBERGER, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, JULIANA HIPÓLITO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CLAUDIA FRANCA BARROS, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DOMINGOS DE JESUS RODRIGUES, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, SELVINO NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, GERHARD E. OVERBECK, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ELISANDRO RICARDO DRECHSLER-SANTOS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS ANJOS, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, ÁTILLA C. FERREGUETTI, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, ALBERTO AKAMA, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO MARTINS, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, WALFRIDO MORAES TOMAS, CPAP, SANDRA APARECIDA SANTOS, CPAP, VANDA LÚCIA FERREIRA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CATIA NUNES DA CUNHA, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, JERRY PENHA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, JOÃO BATISTA DE PINHO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, SUZANA MARIA DE SALIS, CPAP, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA DORIA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, LUCIANA R. PODGAISKI, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, MARCELO MENIN, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, NARCÍSIO COSTA BÍGIO, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, SUSAN ARAGÓN, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, EDUARDO VÉLEZ-MARTIN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E SILVA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA IZZO, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, AMANDA FREDERICO MORTATI, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, LEANDRO LACERDA GIACOMIN, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, THAÍS ELIAS ALMEIDA, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, THIAGO ANDRÉ, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA SILVEIRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA SILVEIRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, MARILUCE REZENDE MESSIAS, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, MARCIA C. M. MARQUES, Universidade Federal do Paraná, ANDRE ANDRIAN PADIAL, Universidade Federal do Paraná, RENATO MARQUES, Universidade Federal do Paraná, YOUSZEF O. C. BITAR, Universidade Federal do Pará, MARCOS SILVEIRA, Universidade Federal do Acre, ELDER FERREIRA MORATO, Universidade Federal do Acre, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA PAGOTTO, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, CHRISTINE STRUSSMANN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, RICARDO BOMFIM MACHADO, Universidade de Brasília, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA AGUIAR, Universidade de Brasília, GERALDO WILSON FERNANDES, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, YUMI OKI, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, SAMUEL NOVAIS, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, GUILHERME BRAGA FERREIRA, University College London, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES BARBOSA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, ANA C. OCHOA, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, ANTONIO M. MANGIONE, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, AILIN GATICA, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, MARÍA CELINA CARRIZO, University College London, LUCÍA MARTINEZ RETTA, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, LAURA E. JOFRÉ, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, LUCIANA L. CASTILLO, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, ANDREA M. NEME, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, CARLA RUEDA, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, JOSÉ JULIO DE TOLEDO, Universidade Federal do Amapá, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS GRELLE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, MARIANA M. VALE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, MARCUS VINICIUS VIEIRA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RUI CERQUEIRA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, EMÍLIO MANABU HIGASHIKAWA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE MENDONÇA, Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA GUERREIRO, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, AUREO BANHOS, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, JEAN-MARC HERO, University of the Sunshine Coast, RODRIGO KOBLITZ, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, ROSANE GARCIA COLLEVATTI, Universidade Federal de Goiás, LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA, Universidade de São Paulo, HERALDO L. VASCONCELOS, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES VIEIRA, Utah State University, GUARINO RINALDI COLLI, Universidade de Brasília, SONIA ZANINI CECHIN, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, TIAGO GOMES DOS SANTOS, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CARLA S. FONTANA, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, JOÃO A. JARENKOW, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, LUIZ R. MALABARBA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, MARTA P. RUEDA, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, PUBLIO A. ARAUJO, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, LUCAS PALOMO, Unión de Pequeños Productores del Salado Norte, MARTA C. ITURRE, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, HELENA GODOY BERGALLO, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Science, Biome, Supplementary appendix, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Training (civil), stakeholders, Meio Ambiente, Environmental control systems, Sustainable development, Humans, Environmental sustainability, Knowledge dissemination, data availability, Ecosystem, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Conservação, capacity building, Environmental resource management, Biodiversidade, Capacity building, knowledge production, Metadata, Geography, Knowledge, Graduate students, business, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Brazil, Long-term Ecological Research
Abstract

The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-03T12:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Program-for-Biodiversity-Research-2021.pdf: 4613827 bytes, checksum: 04b1875a6efdcba448fd73c1ecddf986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Published
2021

38. Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Author

Julia S. Joswig, Christian Wirth, Meredith C. Schuman, Jens Kattge, Björn Reu, Ian J. Wright, Sebastian D. Sippel, Nadja Rüger, Ronny Richter, Michael E. Schaepman, Peter M. van Bodegom, J. H. C. Cornelissen, Sandra Díaz, Wesley N. Hattingh, Koen Kramer, Frederic Lens, Ülo Niinemets, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Christine Römermann, Franziska Schrodt, Madhur Anand, Michael Bahn, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Joseph M. Craine, Andres Gonzalez-Melo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Tianhua He, Pedro Higuchi, Hervé Jactel, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Vanessa Minden, Vladimir Onipchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Evan Weiher, Miguel D. Mahecha, JULIA S. JOSWIG, SEBASTIAN D. SIPPEL, NADJA RÜGER, RONNY RICHTER, MICHAEL E. SCHAEPMAN, PETER M. VAN BODEGOM, J. H. C. CORNELISSEN, SANDRA DÍAZ, WESLEY N. HATTINGH, KOEN KRAMER, FREDERIC LENS, ÜLO NIINEMETS, PETER B. REICH, MARKUS REICHSTEIN, CHRISTINE RÖMERMANN, FRANZISKA SCHRODT, MADHUR ANAND, MICHAEL BAHN, CHAEHO BYUN, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, JOSEPH M. CRAINE, ANDRES GONZALEZ-MELO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, TIANHUA HE, PEDRO HIGUCHI, HERVÉ JACTEL, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, VANESSA MINDEN, VLADIMIR ONIPCHENKO, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, Cenargen, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, EVAN WEIHER, MIGUEL D. MAHECHA., VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, CHRISTIAN WIRTH, MEREDITH C. SCHUMAN, JENS KATTGE, BJÖRN REU, IAN J. WRIGHT, Mahecha, Miguel D/0000-0003-3031-613X, Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776, De Patta Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Schuman, Meredith/0000-0003-3159-3534, Joswig, Julia S., Wirth, Christian, Schuman, Meredith C., Kattge, Jens, Reu, Bjorn, Wright, Ian J., Sippel, Sebastian D., Rueger, Nadja, Richter, Ronny, Schaepman, Michael E., van Bodegom, Peter M., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Diaz, Sandra, Hattingh, Wesley N., Kramer, Koen, Lens, Frederic, Niinemets, Ulo, Reich, Peter B., Reichstein, Markus, Roemermann, Christine, Schrodt, Franziska, Anand, Madhur, Bahn, Michael, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Craine, Joseph M., Gonzalez-Melo, Andres, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., He , Tianhua, Higuchi, Pedro, Jactel, Herve, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Minden, Vanessa, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Sosinski, Enio, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Weiher, Evan, Mahecha, Miguel D., and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Planta, Vegetação, Ecophysiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mudança Climática, Meio Ambiente, Soil, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Macroecology, Plant ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Biodiversidade, 15. Life on land, Plants, Plant Leaves, Solo, Phenotype, Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Technologie and Innovatie, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Clima, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6 (1), ISSN:2397-334X

Published
2021

39. The role of evolutionary modes for trait-based cascades in mutualistic networks

Author

Valério D. Pillar, Vinicius A. G. Bastazini, Laura Cappelatti, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, and Paulo R. Guimarães

Subjects
Extinction, Phylogenetic tree, Resistance (ecology), Evolutionary biology, Trait, Robustness (evolution), Optimal distinctiveness theory, Diversification (marketing strategy), Biology, Evolutionary dynamics, SELEÇÃO NATURAL
Abstract

The erosion of functional diversity may foster the collapse of ecological systems. Functional diversity is ultimately determined by the distribution of species traits. As species traits are a legacy of species evolutionary history, one might expect that the mode of trait evolution influences community resistance under the loss of functional diversity. In this paper, we investigate the role of trait evolutionary dynamics on the robustness of mutualistic networks undergoing the following scenarios of species loss: i) random extinctions, ii) loss of functional distinctiveness and iii) extinctions biased towards larger sizes. We simulated networks defined by models of single trait complementary and evolutionary modes where traits can arise in recent diversification events with weak phylogenetic signal, in early diversification events with strong phylogenetic signal, or as a random walk through evolutionary time. Our simulations show that mutualistic networks are especially vulnerable to extinctions based on trait distinctiveness and more robust to random extinction dynamics. The networks show an intermediate level of robustness against size-based extinctions. Despite the small range of variation in network robustness, our results show that the mode of trait evolution matters for network robustness in all three scenarios. Networks with low phylogenetic signal are more robust than networks with high phylogenetic signal across all scenarios. As a consequence, our results predict that mutualistic networks based upon current adaptations are more likely to cope with extinction dynamics than those networks that are based upon conserved traits.

Published
2021

40. Grazers and fires. Their role in shaping the structure and functioning of the Río de la Plata Grasslands

Author

José Paruelo, MARTÍN OESTERHELD, ALICE ALTESOR, GERVASIO PIÑEIRO, CLAUDIA RODRÍGUEZ, PABLO BALDASSINI, GONZALO IRISARRI, LUIS LÓPEZ-MÁRSICO, and VALÉRIO D. PILLAR

Subjects
Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The Río de la Plata Grasslands (RPG) are one of the largest areas of open ecosystems (grasslands, shrublands and savannas) in the world. Historically these systems have experienced, and continue to experience, an enormous loss of natural habitats. Moreover, their importance has been largely invisible in comparison to forested systems. The remaining area of open ecosystems in the RPG region varies according to the source from 38% to 58% of the original area. Open Ecosystems (OE) are a special case of agroecosystems because they can combine the provision of both provisioning and regulating and supporting ecosystem services (ES). Preserving the provision of ES in these natural habitats depends, in part, on understanding the role of the two main disturbances operating in them: grazing and fire. Although these two disturbances are natural components of OE, both are manipulated by humans. In this paper we reviewed the role played by fire and grazing in the structure and functioning of the RPG starting from the late Pleistocene and summarizing current evidence on the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation, fauna and biogeochemical processes. The evidence indicates that among agricultural activities, direct grazing systems in OE have the lowest environmental footprint. And, at the same time are the key for habitat preservation and ES supply. Overall, the OE of the RPG still represent a high proportion of the area, are capable of covering 2.5% of the world's population needs of high quality protein, and at the same time guarding the regulation of key processes.

Published
2021

41. Global trade-offs in tree functional traits

Author

Christopher H. Lusk, Ana Carolina da Silva, Enio E. Sosinski, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Isabelle Aubin, Constantin M. Zohner, Gabriel R. Smith, Jane A. Catford, Arildo S. Dias, Evan Weiher, Gerhard Bönisch, Daniel S. Maynard, Haozhi Ma, Peter M. van Bodegom, Julieta A. Rosell, Serge N. Sheremetev, Lidong Mo, Akira Mori, Frank M. Schurr, Andrés González-Melo, Lalasia Bialic-Murphy, Coline C.F. Boonman, Peter Hietz, Johan van den Hoogen, Thomas W. Crowther, Erika Berenguer, Valério D. Pillar, Colin Averill, Ülo Niinemets, and Jens Kattge

Subjects
Productivity (ecology), Specific leaf area, Ecology, Biogeography, media_common.quotation_subject, Trait, Tree (set theory), Biology, Herbaceous plant, Photosynthetic capacity, Competition (biology), media_common
Abstract

Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. When considering trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, plant trait frameworks typically must omit traits unique to large woody species, thereby limiting our understanding of how these distinct ecological pressures shape trait relationships in trees. Here, by considering 18 functional traits—reflecting leaf economics, wood structure, tree size, reproduction, and below-ground allocation—we quantify the major axes of variation governing trait expression of trees worldwide. We show that trait variation within and across angiosperms and gymnosperms is captured by two independent processes: one reflecting tree size and competition for light, the other reflecting leaf photosynthetic capacity and nutrient economies. By exploring multidimensional relationships across clusters of traits, we further identify a representative set of seven traits which captures the majority of variation in form and function in trees: maximum tree height, stem conduit diameter, specific leaf area, seed mass, bark thickness, root depth, and wood density. Collectively, this work informs future trait-based research into the functional biogeography of trees, and contributes to our fundamental understanding of the ecological and evolutionary controls on forest biodiversity and productivity worldwide.

Published
2021

42. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Ben Sparrow, V. B. Martynenko, Jonathan Lenoir, Eszter Ruprecht, Idoia Biurrun, Luzmila Arroyo, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Aníbal Pauchard, Roberto Venanzoni, Stephan M. Hennekens, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Cyrus Samimi, Arkadiusz Nowak, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Petr Sklenář, Renata Ćušterevska, Valentin Golub, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Gwendolyn Peyre, Inger Greve Alsos, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Tarek Hattab, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Jutta Kapfer, Jörg Ewald, Donald M. Waller, Ute Jandt, Tetiana Dziuba, Marco Schmidt, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Adrian Indreica, Zygmunt Kącki, Jürgen Dengler, Željko Škvorc, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Viktor Onyshchenko, Hanhuai Shan, John Janssen, Hua Feng Wang, Holger Kreft, Jérôme Munzinger, Brian J. Enquist, Frederic Lens, Wannes Hubau, Birgit Jedrzejek, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Miguel D. Mahecha, Emmanuel Garbolino, Sophie Gachet, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Josep Peñuelas, Melisa A. Giorgis, Svetlana Aćić, Débora Vanessa Lingner, Victor V. Chepinoga, Richard Field, Ladislav Mucina, Michele De Sanctis, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Isabelle Aubin, Hamid Gholizadeh, Fahmida Sultana, Fabio Attorre, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Cindy Q. Tang, Tomáš Černý, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Donald A. Walker, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Timothy J. Killeen, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Susan K. Wiser, Urban Šilc, Andraž Čarni, Florian Jansen, Valério D. Pillar, Jonas V. Müller, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Els De Bie, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Zhiyao Tang, Anne D. Bjorkman, Sylvia Haider, Kiril Vassilev, Risto Virtanen, Henrik von Wehrden, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Manfred Finckh, Zvjezdana Stančić, Pavel Shirokikh, Elizabeth Kearsley, Petr Petřík, Yves Bergeron, Iva Apostolova, Emiliano Agrillo, Jozef Šibík, Norbert Jürgens, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Anna Kuzemko, Jens-Christian Svenning, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Michael Kessler, Bruno Hérault, John-Arvid Grytnes, Laura Casella, Tomáš Peterka, Miguel Alvarez, Tsipe Aavik, Gregory Richard Guerin, André Luis de Gasper, Corrado Marcenò, Luis Cayuela, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Jens Kattge, Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza, Anke Jentsch, Arindam Banerjee, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Patrice de Ruffray, Milan Chytrý, S. M. Yamalov, Tatiana Lysenko, Meelis Pärtel, Viktoria Bondareva, Helge Bruelheide, John S. Rodwell, Jiri Dolezal, Oliver L. Phillips, Rasmus Revermann, Larisa Khanina, Erwin Bergmeier, Robert K. Peet, Jörg Brunet, Solvita Rūsiņa, Oliver Purschke, Gianmaria Bonari, Jürgen Homeier, Martin Zobel, János Csiky, Marijn Bauters, Jalil Noroozi, Karsten Wesche, Kim André Vanselow, Norbert Hölzel, Flavia Landucci, Farideh Fazayeli, Wolfgang Willner, Viktoria Wagner, Alireza Naqinezhad, Aurora Levesley, Vadim Prokhorov, Hongyan Liu, Ali Kavgaci, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Franziska Schrodt, Attila Lengyel, Elise A. Arnst, Sabatini F.M., Lenoir J., Hattab T., Arnst E.A., Chytry M., Dengler J., De Ruffray P., Hennekens S.M., Jandt U., Jansen F., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Kattge J., Levesley A., Pillar V.D., Purschke O., Sandel B., Sultana F., Aavik T., Acic S., Acosta A.T.R., Agrillo E., Alvarez M., Apostolova I., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Arroyo L., Attorre F., Aubin I., Banerjee A., Bauters M., Bergeron Y., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Bonari G., Bondareva V., Brunet J., Carni A., Casella L., Cayuela L., Cerny T., Chepinoga V., Csiky J., Custerevska R., De Bie E., de Gasper A.L., De Sanctis M., Dimopoulos P., Dolezal J., Dziuba T., El-Sheikh M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist B., Ewald J., Fazayeli F., Field R., Finckh M., Gachet S., Galan-de-Mera A., Garbolino E., Gholizadeh H., Giorgis M., Golub V., Alsos I.G., Grytnes J.-A., Guerin G.R., Gutierrez A.G., Haider S., Hatim M.Z., Herault B., Hinojos Mendoza G., Holzel N., Homeier J., Hubau W., Indreica A., Janssen J.A.M., Jedrzejek B., Jentsch A., Jurgens N., Kacki Z., Kapfer J., Karger D.N., Kavgaci A., Kearsley E., Kessler M., Khanina L., Killeen T., Korolyuk A., Kreft H., Kuhl H.S., Kuzemko A., Landucci F., Lengyel A., Lens F., Lingner D.V., Liu H., Lysenko T., Mahecha M.D., Marceno C., Martynenko V., Moeslund J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza A., Mucina L., Muller J.V., Munzinger J., Naqinezhad A., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Onyshchenko V., Overbeck G.E., Partel M., Pauchard A., Peet R.K., Penuelas J., Perez-Haase A., Peterka T., Petrik P., Peyre G., Phillips O.L., Prokhorov V., Rasomavicius V., Revermann R., Rivas-Torres G., Rodwell J.S., Ruprecht E., Rusina S., Samimi C., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Shan H., Shirokikh P., Sibik J., Silc U., Sklenar P., Skvorc Z., Sparrow B., Sperandii M.G., Stancic Z., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Tang C.Q., Tsiripidis I., Vanselow K.A., Vasquez Martinez R., Vassilev K., Velez-Martin E., Venanzoni R., Vibrans A.C., Violle C., Virtanen R., von Wehrden H., Wagner V., Walker D.A., Waller D.M., Wang H.-F., Wesche K., Whitfeld T.J.S., Willner W., Wiser S.K., Wohlgemuth T., Yamalov S., Zobel M., Bruelheide H., Sabatini, Fm, Lenoir, J, Hattab, T, Arnst, Ea, Chytry, M, Dengler, J, De Ruffray, P, Hennekens, Sm, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Jimenez-Alfaro, B, Kattge, J, Levesley, A, Pillar, Vd, Purschke, O, Sandel, B, Sultana, F, Aavik, T, Acic, S, Acosta, Atr, Agrillo, E, Alvarez, M, Apostolova, I, Khan, Masa, Arroyo, L, Attorre, F, Aubin, I, Banerjee, A, Bauters, M, Bergeron, Y, Bergmeier, E, Biurrun, I, Bjorkman, Ad, Bonari, G, Bondareva, V, Brunet, J, Carni, A, Casella, L, Cayuela, L, Cerny, T, Chepinoga, V, Csiky, J, Custerevska, R, De Bie, E, de Gasper, Al, De Sanctis, M, Dimopoulos, P, Dolezal, J, Dziuba, T, El-Sheikh, Mam, Enquist, B, Ewald, J, Fazayeli, F, Field, R, Finckh, M, Gachet, S, Galan-de-Mera, A, Garbolino, E, Gholizadeh, H, Giorgis, M, Golub, V, Alsos, Ig, Grytnes, Ja, Guerin, Gr, Gutierrez, Ag, Haider, S, Hatim, Mz, Herault, B, Mendoza, Gh, Holzel, N, Homeier, J, Hubau, W, Indreica, A, Janssen, Jam, Jedrzejek, B, Jentsch, A, Jurgens, N, Kacki, Z, Kapfer, J, Karger, Dn, Kavgaci, A, Kearsley, E, Kessler, M, Khanina, L, Killeen, T, Korolyuk, A, Kreft, H, Kuhl, H, Kuzemko, A, Landucci, F, Lengyel, A, Lens, F, Lingner, Dv, Liu, Hy, Lysenko, T, Mahecha, Md, Marceno, C, Martynenko, V, Moeslund, Je, Mendoza, Am, Mucina, L, Muller, Jv, Munzinger, Jm, Naqinezhad, A, Noroozi, J, Nowak, A, Onyshchenko, V, Overbeck, Ge, Partel, M, Pauchard, A, Peet, Rk, Penuelas, J, Perez-Haase, A, Peterka, T, Petrik, P, Peyre, G, Phillips, Ol, Prokhorov, V, Rasomavicius, V, Revermann, R, Rivas-Torres, G, Rodwell, J, Ruprecht, E, Rusina, S, Samimi, C, Schmidt, M, Schrodt, F, Shan, Hh, Shirokikh, P, Sibik, J, Silc, U, Sklenar, P, Skvorc, Z, Sparrow, B, Sperandii, Mg, Stancic, Z, Svenning, Jc, Tang, Zy, Tang, Cq, Tsiripidis, I, Vanselow, Ka, Martinez, Rv, Vassilev, K, Velez-Martin, E, Venanzoni, R, Vibrans, Ac, Violle, C, Virtanen, R, von Wehrden, H, Wagner, V, Walker, Da, Waller, Dm, Wang, Hf, Wesche, K, Whitfeld, Tj, Willner, W, Wiser, Sk, Wohlgemuth, T, Yamalov, S, Zobel, M, Bruelheide, H, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-07-BDIV-0006,BIONEOCAL,L'endémisme en Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude phylogénétique et populationnelle des son émergence.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0008,INC,Incendies et biodiversité de écosystèmes en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0010,ULTRABIO,Biodiversité et stratégies adaptatives végétales et microbiennes des écosystèmes ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biome, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, FOREST VEGETATION, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Abundance (ecology), big data, Vegetation type, PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATABASE, parcelle, Forest and Landscape Ecology, functional traits, vascular plants, biodiversity, biogeography, database, macroecology, vegetation plots, Macroecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, vascular plant, Vegetation, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, PE&RC, Vegetation plot, Geography, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Ecosystems Research, Diffusion de l'information, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversité, ARCHIVE, Communauté végétale, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biogéographie, GRASSLAND VEGETATION, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Behavior and Systematics, Couverture végétale, 577: Ökologie, PLANT, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], functional trait, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vegetatie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Impact sur l'environnement, DRY GRASSLANDS, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Végétation, WETLAND VEGETATION, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNIVERSITY, Physical geography, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, données ouvertes
Abstract

Datos disponibles en https://github.com/fmsabatini/sPlotOpen_Code, EU H2020 project BACI, Grant No. 640176 (...), Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E.A., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., de Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El-Sheikh, M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán-de-Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J.-A., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Peñuelas, J., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas-Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J.-C., Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez-Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., von Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H.-F., Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H.

Published
2021

43. Maintaining momentum for collaborative working groups in a post-pandemic world

Author

Jill S. Baron, Jean Paul Metzger, Louis J. Gross, Marten Winter, Benjamin S. Halpern, Diane S. Srivastava, Nicolas Mouquet, Valério D. Pillar, Thomas R. Meagher, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Momentum (technical analysis), Ecology, business.industry, MEDLINE, Public relations, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA, Political science, Pandemic, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Working group, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

45. Phylogenetic uncertainty and the inference of patterns in community ecology and comparative studies

Author

Vinicius A. G. Bastazini, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Community, Phylogenetic tree, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), Species distribution, Inference, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, Taxon, Statistics, Metric (mathematics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Progress in phylogenetic community ecology is often limited by the availability of phylogenetic information and the lack of appropriate methods and solutions to deal with this problem. We estimate the effect of the lack of phylogenetic information on the relations among taxa measured by commonly used phylogenetic metrics in comparative studies and community ecology, namely: Blomberg’s K phylogenetic signal, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity (PD), Mean Phylogenetic Distance (MPD) and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (MNTD). To overcome this problem, we tested two possible solutions: Polytomic trees and Operational trees. Our results show that the effects on K values strongly depended on the level of phylogenetic signal. In the case of the community metrics, the effects were insensitive to the patterns of species distribution in the communities. Community metrics tended to be overestimated with both Polytomic and Operational trees, but the overestimation was higher with Polytomic trees. PD and MPD metrics were less biased than MNTD metric. We show that the lack of phylogenetic resolution is not necessarily problematic for all analyses and that its effect will depend on the chosen metric and on the solutions used to deal with the problem. Based on our results, we suggest that ecologists should prefer the Operational tree solution to remove polytomies in the phylogenetic tree and take careful consideration while designing experiments, and analyzing and interpreting the results of phylogenetic metrics.

Published
2021

46. What matters for vegetation regeneration in Brazilian subtropical grasslands: seeders or resprouters?

Author

Cassy Anne Rodrigues, Alessandra Fidelis, Mariana Dairel, Valério D. Pillar, Carolina C. Blanco, Jörg Pfadenhauer, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and Technische Universität München

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Fire [Brazilian subtropical grasslands], Obligate seeders, Ecology, Mowing, food and beverages, Plant community, Plant Science, Vegetation, Subtropics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Regeneration strategies, Agronomy, Disturbance (ecology), Forb, Resprouter, Regeneration (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Fire is an important ecological and evolutionary factor affecting plant communities worldwide. After fire, plants can resprout or germinate and systems may differ according to their post-fire regeneration strategies. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the most important regeneration strategies in Brazilian subtropical grasslands. Moreover, we point out differences in seedlings and resprouts between burned and mowed plots, in order to detect differences in community response to different types of disturbance. We analyzed seven pairs of plots (burned and mowed) in two sites with different fire histories: FB – frequently burned grasslands, and E – exclusion of fire for six years. After treatments, vegetation was described and seedlings and resprouts were sampled. Plants were later grouped in species groups for statistical analyses. Less than 20% of established plants came from seedlings and only three species were obligate seeders. Most species resprouted after treatments. Number of seedlings and resprouts did not show significant differences between treatments in each site. However, a higher number of species with seedlings was observed in site FB. More new species with seedlings established in burned than mowed plots in site FB. Seedlings of forbs recruited more in burned than in mowed plots. Resprouter was the most important strategy for all studied species groups, particularly for graminoids. Our results show the importance of vegetative regeneration in the studied subtropical grasslands, independently of disturbance, and the importance of fire for the establishment of new species, maintaining thus, plant diversity. Lab of Vegetation Ecology Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24A, 1515, CEP: 13506-900 Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP: 91540-000 Vegetation Ecology Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 6 Lab of Vegetation Ecology Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24A, 1515, CEP: 13506-900

Published
2021

47. Padrões espaciais da vegetação lenhosa associados ao processo de expansão da Floresta com Araucaria sobre Campos excluídos de manejo

Author

Sandra Cristina Müller, Camila Fonseca Schinestsck, and Valério D. Pillar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Spatial variable, Cattle grazing, biology, Baccharis, Ecology, Forestry, southern Brazil, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Expansão florestal, vassoural, succession, Forest development, mosaico floresta-campo, Geography, lcsh:Biology (General), grassland-forest mosaic, Sul do Brasil, shrubland, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 010606 plant biology & botany, sucessão, forest expansion
Abstract

EnglishThe forest expansion process has been observed in forest-grassland mosaics regions in the south of Brazil, mainly over grasslands excluded from cattle grazing and fire. Other factors influence this process, but the magnitude remains almost unknown. Here, we evaluated woody species community patterns on a grassland area, excluded from management for 34 years, relating them to soil and space variables. We established 110 plots (113 m2 each) over areas that were mapped in 1985 as grasslands, in the Estacao Ecologica de Aracuri, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All woody individuals and soil variables were sampled in the plots. Ordination analyses and partial redundancy analysis were applied on these data to meet our aims. Vegetation patterns were better explained by spatial variables, especially concerning the distance from the forest source. Communities closer to the old forest border were characterised by forest species – higher richness and density of zoocoric species. In the most distant border areas, grassland shrubs (Baccharis uncinella) still prevail with few established trees. Although soil had a low proportion of vegetation variance explanation (5%), this situation, however, changes as forest development advances. We conclude that forest expansion in excluded grassland areas is strongly associated with space – the forest source distance and that the effect of soil factors in this process is negligible. portuguesO processo de expansao florestal tem sido observado em regioes de mosaicos de campo-floresta no Sul do Brasil, especialmente em campos excluidos de fogo e pastejo. Outros fatores influenciam esse processo, porem a magnitude ainda permanece pouco compreendida. Neste estudo, avaliamos os padroes da vegetacao lenhosa estabelecida num campo excluido de manejo por 34 anos, relacionando-os com variaveis de solo e espaco. Estabelecemos 110 parcelas (113 m2 cada) de forma sistematica sobre areas mapeadas como campos em 1985, na Estacao Ecologica de Aracuri, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram amostrados todos os individuos lenhosos e variaveis de solo. Analises de ordenacao e de particao da variância da composicao de especies nos componentes solo, espaco, e solo estruturado no espaco foram empregadas. Os padroes da vegetacao foram melhor explicados pelo espaco, principalmente a distância da area fonte florestal. Comunidades mais proximas da antiga borda florestal sao caracterizadas por mais especies e individuos com dispersao zoocorica. Areas mais distantes tem predominio de arbustos campestres (Baccharis uncinella) e poucas arboreas se estabeleceram. O solo apresentou baixa explicacao (5%), porem as condicoes modificam-se conforme o desenvolvimento florestal avanca. Concluimos que a expansao florestal em area excluida de disturbios tem forte associacao com o espaco – a distância de areas fonte, e que os fatores edaficos pouco contribuem com a magnitude do avanco sobre o campo.

Published
2019

48. Competitive effects and responses of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana in Río de la Plata grasslands

Author

Daniela Hoss, Valério D. Pillar, and Anaclara Guido

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Introduced species, Interspecific competition, Biology, Native plant, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Intraspecific competition, Competition (biology), Aristida, Paspalum notatum, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract

The ability of an invasive species to establish is mostly determined by its biotic interactions with native species from the recipient community. Here, we evaluate the competitive effects and responses of the invasive Eragrostis plana when interacting with native species, in order to identify possible mechanisms driving invasion in Rio de la Plata grasslands. A pairwise competition experiment was performed consisting of treatments that varied in the identity of neighbour plant species: (i) control (no interaction); (ii) intraspecific interaction; (iii) interspecific interaction between native and invasive species; and (iv) interspecific interaction between two co‐occurring native species. Data analysis was separated into the effect of E. plana on the performance of three native perennial grasses (target species: Aristida laevis, Eragrostis neesii and Paspalum notatum) and the response of E. plana to natives (target species: E. plana). Separately for each target species, components of plant performance were compared between neighbouring species treatments. We found that the strength of competitive interactions depended on both target and neighbour species identity. Regarding natives, interspecific competition was stronger than intraspecific. Native species showed distinctive responses to whether the neighbour was the invasive or a co‐occurring native (Eragrostis lugens). Competition between E. plana and native species was stronger than between co‐occurring natives. We demonstrated E. plana had a greater negative effect on native's species performance than the native congener E. lugens. Regarding E. plana, intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific, and its response was positive or neutral when interacting with natives, suggesting its high tolerance to grow in competition with neighbours. We conclude E. plana's negative effects on native species performance, and its positive or neutral responses to neighbouring native plants demonstrate its strong competitive ability in the recipient community. This may explain its invasion success in southern Brazil and in the encompassing Rio de la Plata grasslands. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.

Published
2019

49. Por que o Brasil precisa de suas Reservas Legais

Author

Gerhard E. Overbeck, Valério D. Pillar, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Joice Ferreira, Paula Ribeiro Prist, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Jean Paul Metzger, Felipe Librán-Embid, and Mercedes M. C. Bustamante

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversidade, Vegetação natural, Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa, Soluções baseadas na natureza, Sustentabilidade, Serviços ecossistêmicos, Capital natural, Bem‐estar humano, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

A legislação ambiental brasileira requer que as propriedades privadas mantenham uma proporção de sua área coberta com vegetação nativa, as chamadas Reservas Legais. Essas áreas representam praticamente um terço da vegetação nativa do país e são reconhecidas pelo seu importante papel na proteção da biodiversidade e na provisão de uma vasta gama de serviços ecossistêmicos aos proprietários rurais e à sociedade. Apesar de sua relevância, o estabelecimento de Reservas Legais tem sido criticado por parte do agronegócio e seus representantes no Congresso Nacional. A exigência de Reservas Legais é considerada demasiadamente restritiva e impediria a plena expansão das atividades agrícolas e, por conseguinte, prejudicaria o desenvolvimento do país. Aqui, analisamos criticamente os argumentos de um projeto de lei recentemente proposto, que visa a extinguir completamente as Reservas Legais. Demonstramos que os argumentos usados não têm apoio em dados, evidências ou teorias, além de ser baseados em raciocínio ilógico. Além disso, sintetizamos os principais benefícios das Reservas Legais, inclusive benefícios econômicos e para a saúde humana, e enfatizamos a importância dessas reservas para as seguranças hídrica, energética, alimentar e climática, além de sua função primária de auxiliar na manutenção da biodiversidade em paisagens agrícolas. Destacamos também que as Reservas Legais são um componente‐chave para soluções baseadas na natureza, que são reconhecidamente mais eficazes e menos dispendiosas. Devem, assim, serum consideradas como ativos para o desenvolvimento do Brasil, e não como passivos. Baseados nas sólidas evidências científicas disponíveis e na concordância sobre a relevância das Reservas Legais, opomo‐nos veementemente a qualquer tentativa de extinguir ou enfraquecer a manutenção dessas áreas. peerReviewed

Published
2019

50. Ecological restoration as a strategy for mitigating and adapting to climate change: lessons and challenges from Brazil

Author

Giselda Durigan, Edson Eyji Sano, Joberto Freitas, Alba Orli de Oliveira, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, José Salomão Oliveira Silva, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Brienza Junior, Leonel Graça Generoso, Alexandre B. Sampaio, Mercedes M. C. Bustamante, Ane Alencar, Aldicir Scariot, Isabel Benedetti Figueiredo, Helena Carrascosa, Ana C. M. Malhado, Marcelo Tabarelli, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Daniel Luis Mascia, Iris Roitman, Rachel Biderman, Carlos A. Nobre, Aurélio Padovezi, Valério D. Pillar, José Alves Siqueira, Raul Valle, Edenise Garcia, Julia Z. Shimbo, and Annelise Vendramini

Subjects
REFLORESTAMENTO, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Public policy, Climate change, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Deforestation, Environmental impact assessment, 021108 energy, Business, Environmental planning, Restoration ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Climate change is a global phenomenon that affects biophysical systems and human well-being. The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change entered into force in 2016 with the objective of strengthening the global response to climate change by keeping global temperature rise this century well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 °C. The agreement requires all Parties to submit their “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. Reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation is an important strategy for mitigating climate change, particularly in developing countries with large forests. Extensive tropical forest loss and degradation have increased awareness at the international level of the need to undertake large-scale ecological restoration, highlighting the need to identify cases in which restoration strategies can contribute to mitigation and adaptation. Here we consider Brazil as a case study to evaluate the benefits and challenges of implementing large-scale restoration programs in developing countries. The Brazilian NDC included the target of restoring and reforesting 12 million hectares of forests for multiple uses by 2030. Restoration of native vegetation is one of the foundations of sustainable rural development in Brazil and should consider multiple purposes, from biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation to social and economic development. However, ecological restoration still presents substantial challenges for tropical and mega-diverse countries, including the need to develop plans that are technically and financially feasible, as well as public policies and monitoring instruments that can assess effectiveness. The planning, execution, and monitoring of restoration efforts strongly depend on the context and the diagnosis of the area with respect to reference ecosystems (e.g., forests, savannas, grasslands, wetlands). In addition, poor integration of climate change policies at the national and subnational levels and with other sectorial policies constrains the large-scale implementation of restoration programs. The case of Brazil shows that slowing deforestation is possible; however, this analysis highlights the need for increased national commitment and international support for actions that require large-scale transformations of the forest sector regarding ecosystem restoration efforts. Scaling up the ambitions and actions of the Paris Agreement implies the need for a global framework that recognizes landscape restoration as a cost-effective nature-based solution and that supports countries in addressing their remaining needs, challenges, and barriers.

Published
2019

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