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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of capsiate supplementation on energy intake, self-reported appetite-related sensations, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and autonomic parameters with and without an exercise intervention. Methods: Thirteen healthy men completed four randomized trials: two trials for the control condition (without exercise), one with capsiate supplementation (CTRLcap) and one with a placebo (CTRLpla), and two trials for the exercise condition, one with capsiate supplementation (EXcap) and one with placebo (EXpla). Exercise sessions were performed 150 min after the consumption of a standardized breakfast, and supplementation 115 min after consumption of breakfast. An ad libitum buffet was offered 200 min following the completion of the standardized breakfast, and energy intake (EI) and relative energy intake (REI) (relative energy intake = energy intake - energy expenditure related to exercise) were evaluated. Results: There were no significant effects on EI, self-reported appetite sensations, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure. REI was reduced in conditions involving EX when compared to CTRL. A low-frequency to high-frequency ratio for heart rate variability was higher in CTRLcap (1.6 ± 1.1) vs. CTRLpla (1.2 ± 0.9) (p = 0.025; d = 0.39). Conclusion: Acute capsiate supplementation combined with aerobic exercise has limited effects on the examined variables (EI, REI, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and autonomic parameters), while changes in the autonomic nervous system function in the absence of exercise may have occurred without influencing other variables. Clinical trial registration: ensaiosclinicos.gov.br number, RBR-5pckyr https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5pckyr. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Central Florida Department of Sport School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:14:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The purpose of present study was to compare the effects of moderate-load versus high-load resistance exercise (RE) on hunger response, blood lactate, glucose, and autonomic modulation in trained men, and to examine the correlations between these parameters. For this, 11 recreationally resistance-trained males performed 2 randomized trials: moderate-load (6 sets at 70% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and a 90-s rest interval between sets) and high-load (6 sets at 90% 1RM and a 180-s rest interval between sets) leg-press exercise until movement failure. The subjective rating of hunger was obtained through a visual analog scale. Glucose and lactate concentration were evaluated at rest, immediately after exercise, and 30 min after exercise. Heart rate variability was recorded at baseline and during recovery (until 30 min after exercise) to assess autonomic modulation. The moderate-load condition induced lower subjective hunger ratings than the strength condition immediately after exercise (19.7 ± 16.6 vs 47.3 ± 27.7 mm), 30 min after exercise (33.6 ± 22.9 vs 58.5 ± 29.9 mm), and 60 min after exercise (43.8 ± 26.6 vs 67.8 ± 27.9 mm) (p < 0.05) and lower area under the curve hunger in relation to the high-load condition (p < 0.006). Moderate-load RE presented greater lactate concentration and induced slower heart rate variability recovery in relation to high-load RE (p < 0.05), but no difference was found in glucose, as well as no correlations between any of the variables investigated. In conclusion, moderate-load RE induced lower subjective hunger ratings, slower recovery of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher lactate concentration in relation to high-load RE, but the metabolic variables were not correlated with hunger suppression. Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Nutrition University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Biomedicine University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 We sought to investigate the acute effects of capsaicin supplementation on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate during high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and resistance exercise performance executed after HIIE in resistance-trained men. Eleven resistance-trained men completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin condition or a placebo condition. The concurrent exercise session was composed of a 5-km intermittent run (1:1 effort and passive recovery ratio) and subsequent resistance exercise (4 × 70% of 1RM until muscle failure in the half-squat exercise). Heart rate was recorded during HIIE and after the protocol RPE (0–10 scale) was accessed. The resistance exercise performance was analyzed by the maximum number of repetitions performed for each set and the total volume (repetitions 3 weight lifted). During HIIE, the RPE (capsaicin = 7 ± 1 vs. placebo = 8 ± 1 points, t = -3.674, p = 0.005) and mean heart rate (capsaicin = 153 ± 13 vs. placebo = 158 ± 12 bpm, t = -2.292, p = 0.048) were significantly lower in the capsaicin compared with placebo condition. For subsequent resistance exercise, there was a significant decrease in volume across time (F = 19.889, p< 0.001, η2 = 0.69) with maximal number of repetitions performed in capsaicin than placebo condition (2,077.6 ± 465.2 kg vs. 1,838.9 ± 624.1 kg, p = 0.028, d = 0.43), but the condition vs. set was not significant (F = 0.582, p = 0.632, η2 = 0.06). Acute capsaicin supplementation induced a lower mean heart rate and RPE during HIIE and improved subsequent resistance exercise performance in resistance-trained men. Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Center University of Adamantina (UNIFAI) Department of Nutrition University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) Department of Kinesiology Coastal Carolina University School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Department of Physical Education Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), PI Associate Graduate Program in Health Science Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), PI Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP

This study aimed to describe self-selected intensity and its relationship to performance during a high-intensity all-out judo protocol, and to verify whether athletes with different anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) perform differently during a high-intensity all-out interval uchi-komi (judo-specific skill). We analyzed the performance of 28 judo athletes as a whole group and divided into groups, according to their ASR. They performed several judo-specific protocols using a specific skill: maximal speed sprint (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi protocol (12 × 20 s all-out:10 s passive recovery). The main results demonstrated a decrease in the number of repetitions and an increase in heart rate across the sets. Athletes with greater ASR performed a higher number of repetitions, compared to the low ASR group, and they were able to exercise at a higher percentage of the MAS (low ASR = 126%; SD = 13%; high ASR = 152%, SD = l9%) and at a lower percentage of MSS compared to the low ASR group (low ASR = 84%, SD = 7%; high ASR = 76%, SD = 11%). However, both groups exercised at a similar percentage of their own ASR during the protocol (low ASR = 50%, SD = 20%; high ASR = 53%, SD = 19%). Athletes with different ASR seem to set their pace at around 50% of their ASR within an all-out uchi-komi protocol. Therefore, the ASR is useful for predicting performance during high-intensity judo-specific interval exercise intervals.

The goal of the present study was to translate and adapt the scale of enjoyment “Physical activity enjoyment scale” (PACES) and affect “Feeling scale” (FS) into Brazilian Portuguese, as well as to evaluate their reproducibility. First, the instruments were translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese following the recommendations of previous studies. After translating the instruments, 75 subjects participated in two similar experimental sessions (test–re-test) in which they filled the scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient analyses were conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of the scales. The results suggested that the translation was effective, the PACES presented almost perfect reproducibility (CCI = 0.910, 95% CI 0.858, 0.943) and FS high reproducibility (CCI = 0.644, 95% CI 0.425, 0.779). Translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the PACES and FS were effective to measure enjoyment and affect in response to an acute session of physical exercise. The data suggested that in a range of 7–14 days the PACES is reproducible. However, for FS, acquisition of baseline values may increase its reproducibility.

Summary Background & aims Studies have postulated High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) as a superior strategy to reduce body fat. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects HIIT and steady-state training (SST) on body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels, and hunger perception in physically active non-obese men. Methods Twenty men performed five weeks of HIIT (5 km – 1 min running at 100% speed correspondent to VȩO2peak – v VȩO2peak – interspersed with 1-min passive recovery; n = 10) or SST (5 km at 70% of vVȩO2peak continuously; n = 10) three times a week. Body composition, and hunger perception were assessed at pre- and post-training and were compared by a two-way analysis (group and training period) with repeated measures in the second factor. A fasting time-course (baseline, 24 h, and 48 h after an experimental session of exercise) of leptin and sOB-R levels were measured at pre- and post-five weeks of training and assessed by a three-way analysis (group, period and time of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. Results There was no effect on body composition and hunger perception. Leptin was reduced in both groups, while sOB-R was increased post-five weeks of training in HIIT but not in the SST. Conclusions Although both training groups exerted alterations in leptin levels, only HIIT was able increased sOB-R levels, this suggest a superior impact on central responses in physically active non-obese men.

BACKGROUND: due to the quarantine caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), professional team-sports adapted their training routine to maintain the athletes' performance and minimize the negative emotional effects. The purpose of the present study was to describe a home-based training program and extra-activities applied during the quarantine in elite professional female basketball players, and to compare the internal training load (ITL), session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), motivation, and wellbeing responses before and during the quarantine. METHODS: nine female elite players (25.7 ± 7.0 years; 180.0 ± 8.0 cm; 79.0 ± 11.0 kg) belonging to a professional basketball team performed a home-based training program during the quarantine. ITL, s-RPE, training motivation, and wellbeing were examined before (phase 1), at the beginning (phase 2), and during (phase 3) of the quarantine. RESULTS: ITL was higher (main effect) in phase 1 (449.5 ± 62.8 a.u.) compared to phase 2 (265.5 ± 39.0 a.u.) and phase 3 (423.1 ± 18.7 a.u.); s-RPE was higher in phase 1 (4.50 ± 0.63 a.u.) compared to phase 2 (3.8 ± 0.6 a.u.), but not to phase 3 (4.37 ± 0.79 a.u.). Motivation was higher in phase 1 (3.6 ± 0.3 a.u.) compared to phase 2 (2.3 ± 0.6 a.u.) and phase 3 (2.4 ± 0.5 a.u.). CONCLUSIONS: in conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that extra-activities involving online athletes' socialization were implemented to rouse the motivation, but the quarantine period induced a reduction in ITL and influenced the player's training motivation.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Aerobic fitness assessment in patients with low back pain (LBP) may help clinicians to plan how to progress the aerobic training. This was a pilot study designed to evaluate the performance of people with LBP on two different aerobic fitness tests performed on a treadmill and to compare the measure of aerobic fitness between people with LBP and healthy individuals. Ten people with LBP and 10 healthy individuals underwent two aerobic fitness protocols, the modified Bruce and maximum incremental test protocols, performed on a treadmill. Data collected during the protocols were: oxygen consumption, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration, respiratory quotient, rating of perceived exertion response, and pain intensity. Independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used respectively to assess difference between groups characteristics and physiological responses to the protocols. Our results showed that both groups were similar with regards to age (P = 0.839) or HRrest(P = 0.730) but the LBP group showed higher BMI compared to the healthy group (P = 0.031). Regarding the performance of both groups on the aerobic fitness tests, the only significant difference was reported for respiratory quotient which showed a main effect of test (P = 0.015) with higher values favoring the modified Bruce over the incremental test. Our study showed that most people with LBP are able to perform and tolerate both aerobic fitness tests but no significant differences between people with LBP and healthy individuals on both protocols were reported. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Psychobiology Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Physical Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Sport School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo (USP) Departamento de Fisioterapia Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the impact of exercise intensity and mode (high-intensity interval exercise-HIIE or sprint interval exercise-SIE versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise-MICE) on post-exercise ad libitum energy intake. The studies were required to have at least two exercise conditions (HIIE or SIE vs MICE). Overall, 642 manuscripts were initially identified and 17 met the eligibility criteria. The random effect meta-analysis did not reveal differences for absolute energy intake (28 pairwise comparisons) between HIIE (p = 0.54; 95% Confidence Interval - CI: -0.14 to 0.26; 22 pairwise comparisons) or SIE (p = 0.08; 95% CI -0.65 to 0.03; 6 pairwise comparisons) versus MICE, neither for relative energy intake (p = 0.97; 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.10 for HIIE; p = 0.28; 95% CI: -1.03 to 0.06 for SIE) with five and one pairwise comparisons, respectively. Subgroup analyses for methods to evaluate ad libitum energy intake, body mass, sex, volume, and timing of exercise were non-significant. Inspecting each study, two pairwise comparisons reported lower post-exercise absolute energy intake in HIIE compared to control (CRTL), and three pairwise comparisons reported lower absolute energy intake after SIE compared to MICE. None pairwise comparison reported differences between protocols (HIIE or SIE versus MICE) for relative energy intake. In conclusion, the meta-analysis did not show differences between protocols for absolute and relative energy intake; five pairwise comparisons from 28 demonstrated lower absolute energy intake in HIIE or SIE compared to CRTL or MICE. Further studies are needed to address the key relevant variables in which exercise intensity and mode may impact energy intake.

The present systematic review examined the effect of exercise intensity (high-intensity interval exercise [HIIE] vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise [MICE] vs. sprint interval exercise [SIE]) on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twenty-two studies were included in the final evaluation. The retrieved investigations were split into studies that analysed short-duration (until 3 h) and long-duration (more than 3 h) EPOC. Studies that subtracted the baseline energy expenditure (EE) were analysed separately from those that did not. Most short-duration evaluations that subtracted baseline EE reported higher EPOC for HIIE (average of ~136 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~101 kJ) and higher values for SIE (average of ~241 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~151 kJ). The long-duration evaluations resulted in greater EPOC for HIIE (average of ~289 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~159 kJ), while no studies comparing SIE versus MICE provided appropriate values. EE from EPOC seems to be greater following HIIE and SIE compared with MICE, and long-duration evaluations seem to present higher values than short-duration evaluations. Additionally, more standardized methodologies are needed in order to determine the effective EPOC time following these protocols.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the impact of exercise intensity and mode (high-intensity interval exercise-HIIE or sprint interval exercise-SIE versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise-MICE) on post-exercise ad libitum energy intake. The studies were required to have at least two exercise conditions (HIIE or SIE vs MICE). Overall, 642 manuscripts were initially identified and 17 met the eligibility criteria. The random effect meta-analysis did not reveal differences for absolute energy intake (28 pairwise comparisons) between HIIE (p = 0.54; 95% Confidence Interval - CI: -0.14 to 0.26; 22 pairwise comparisons) or SIE (p = 0.08; 95% CI -0.65 to 0.03; 6 pairwise comparisons) versus MICE, neither for relative energy intake (p = 0.97; 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.10 for HIIE; p = 0.28; 95% CI: -1.03 to 0.06 for SIE) with five and one pairwise comparisons, respectively. Subgroup analyses for methods to evaluate ad libitum energy intake, body mass, sex, volume, and timing of exercise were non-significant. Inspecting each study, two pairwise comparisons reported lower post-exercise absolute energy intake in HIIE compared to control (CRTL), and three pairwise comparisons reported lower absolute energy intake after SIE compared to MICE. None pairwise comparison reported differences between protocols (HIIE or SIE versus MICE) for relative energy intake. In conclusion, the meta-analysis did not show differences between protocols for absolute and relative energy intake; five pairwise comparisons from 28 demonstrated lower absolute energy intake in HIIE or SIE compared to CRTL or MICE. Further studies are needed to address the key relevant variables in which exercise intensity and mode may impact energy intake.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate if a post-activation potentiation (PAP) protocol may attenuate the acute interference induced by high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and on subsequent strength exercise performance in recreationally trained men. METHODS: Eleven resistance-trained men (age: 25.7±3.7 y) randomly completed three experimental trials: strength exercise (SE) only (4 sets of maximal number of repetitions at 70% on the 45° leg press); concurrent exercise (CE) comprised 5000-m of HIIEat maximal aerobic speed (1:1 effort and pause ratio) followed by SEprotocol; CE with post-activation potentiation (CE-PAP), comprised the same CEprotocol preceded by one set of 2 repetitions at 90% of 1RM on the 45° leg-press before strength exercise. The number of repetitions performed was recorded for each set and total weight lifted was calculated. RESULTS: The CEcondition induced a greater decrement in volume for the leg press compared to SE and CE-PAP in sets 1 (24±21%; 18±25%), 2 (20±21%; 22±22%), and 3 (19±20%; 25±15%), respectively. Total weight lifted was greater after SE(8,795±2,581 kg) and CE-PAP(8.809±2.655 kg) conditions compared to CE(7.049±2.822 kg) (SEvs. CE: P=0.020) and (CE-PAP vs. CE: P=0.010) but there was no significant difference between SE and CE-PAP(P=1.00). CONCLUSIONS: PAP using a heavy load attenuated acute interference (total volume during lower-body strength) generated by HIIEprotocol, but did not enhance volume compared to SEalone. Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Nutrition University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Kinesiology Coastal Carolina University Conway Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Background Thermogenic fitness drink formulas (TFD) have been shown to increase energy expenditure and markers of lipid metabolism. The purpose of the current study was to compare TFD formulas containing different caffeine concentrations versus a placebo drink on energy expenditure and lipid metabolism at rest and during exercise. Methods Thirty-two recreationally active participants (22.9 ± 0.7 y, 167.1 ± 1.4 cm, 68.8 ± 2.0 kg, 24.0 ± 1.2% fat) who were regular caffeine consumers, participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover design study. Participants reported to the laboratory on three occasions, each of which required consumption of either a TFD containing 140 mg or 100 mg of caffeine or a placebo. Baseline measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) and resting fat oxidation (RFO) were assessed using indirect calorimetry as well as measurements of serum glycerol concentration. Measurements were repeated at 30, 60, 90 min post-ingestion. Following resting measures, participants completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax), and total energy expenditure (EE). Results A significant interaction was shown for REE (p

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different work-to-rest ratios on relative energy system utilization during short-term upper-body sprint interval training (SIT) protocols. Forty-two recreationally trained men were randomized into one of three training groups [10 s work bouts with 2 min of rest (10:2, n = 11) or 4 min of rest (10:4, n = 11), or 30 s work bouts with 4 min of rest (30:4, n = 10)] or a control group (CON, n = 10). Participants underwent six training sessions over 2 weeks with 4–6 ‘all-out’ sprints. Participants completed an upper body Wingate test (30 s ‘all-out’ using 0.05 kg kg−1 of the participant’s body mass) pre- and post-intervention from which oxygen consumption and blood lactate were used to estimate oxidative, glycolytic, and adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine (ATP-PCr) energy system provisions. An analysis of covariance was performed on all testing measurements collected at post with the associated pre-values used as covariates. Relative energy contribution (p = 0.026) and energy expenditure (p = 0.019) of the ATP-PCr energy system were greater in 10:4 (49.9%; 62.1 kJ) compared to CON (43.1%; 47.2 kJ) post training. No significant differences were found between groups in glycolytic or oxidative energy contribution over a 30 s upper body Wingate test. SIT protocols with smaller work-to-rest ratios may enhance ATP-PCr utilization in a 30 s upper body Wingate over a 2-week intervention.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of the aerobic exercise volume on maximum strength and strength-endurance performance; and possible causes of strength decrements (i.e. central and peripheral fatigue). Twenty-one moderately trained men were submitted to a maximal incremental test to determine anaerobic threshold (AnT) and maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and strength-endurance (i.e. total volume load [TV]) tests to determine their baseline strength performance. Following, subjects performed six experimental sessions: aerobic exercise sessions (continuous running at 90% AnT) with different volumes (3 km, 5 km or 7 km) followed by 1RM or strength-endurance test in the 45° leg press exercise. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), voluntary activation (VA) level, contractile properties, and electromyographic activity (root mean square [RMS]) of the knee extensor muscles were assessed before and after aerobic exercises and after strength tests. TV was lower after 5 km and 7 km runs than in the control condition (12% and 22%, respectively). Additionally, TV was lower after 7 km than 3 km (14%) and 5 km (12%) runs. MVIC, VA, RMS, and contractile properties were reduced after all aerobic exercise volumes (∼8%, ∼5%, ∼11% and ∼6-14%, respectively). Additionally, MVIC, VA, and contractile properties were lower after strength tests (∼15%, ∼6%, ∼9-26%, respectively). In conclusion, strength-endurance performance is impaired when performed after aerobic exercise and the magnitude of this interference is dependent on the aerobic exercise volume; and peripheral and central fatigue indices could not explain the different TV observed.

The objective of the present study was to describe the physiological, perceived exertion, time-motion and neuromuscular responses in judo matches with different durations. Twelve male brown and black belt judo athletes (74.3 ± 10.5 kg, 175.1 ± 5.3 cm) performed five matches with different durations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) randomly determined, against the same opponent, in different days and blinded to the time duration. Data from matches were analyzed concerning: rating of perceived recovery, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate, delta of blood lactate concentrations [La] (the highest minus the rest values), rate of the increment in RPE and [La] per minute of match, maximal isometric strength in dominant and non-dominant hands, leg power and dynamic strength-endurance. After the match, decreases in dynamic strength-endurance and non-dominant isometric strength were observed, dominant hand isometric strength was maintained, while leg power increased. The rate of the physiological and perce...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on energy intake post-exercise and its relationship with enjoyment and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) generated by exercise. For this, nine sedentary overweight men performed high-intensity intermittent exercise and steady-state exercise, totaling 30 min for both exercise sessions, and energy intake post-exercise was evaluated. Rating of perceived exertion and enjoyment scores were also measured immediately post-exercise. There was no difference in the amount of calories ingested post-exercise between conditions, enjoyment scores and RPE. There was a negative correlation between enjoyment and energy intake (r = − 0.552 [strong]; p = 0.018). These data demonstrated that independent of exercise intensity, enjoyment scores were related to post-exercise energy intake.

To compare the effects of 6 weeks of long or short high-intensity interval training (long- or short-HIIT) on body composition, hunger perception, food intake and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty previously untrained women (25±5 years) were randomly assigned to do a long-HIIT (n=10) or a short-HIIT (n=10). The long-HIIT group performed fifteen 1-min bouts at 90% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), interspersed by 30-sec active recovery (60% HRmax). The short-HIIT group performed forty-five 20-sec bouts at 90% of HRmax, interspersed by 10-sec active recovery (60% HRmax). The training for both groups was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed the Astrand cycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 1 week before and after the training period, as well as body composition, which was estimated through circumferences and skinfold thicknesses. For all training sessions, the heart rate, visual scale of hunger, internal load, and RPE were recorded. In the first and last week of training, subjects were asked to record a 24-hr food diary for 3 days. Both training induced significant pre to post decreases for fat mass, fat percentage, waist circumference, sum of seven skinfolds and RPE. As expected estimated, the VO2max increased in both groups. There were no differences for hunger perception, energy intake, and body mass. Long and short-HIIT resulted in fat loss, without altering the energy intake.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The present study sought to clarify the impact of exercise intensity and timing on energy intake and appetite-related blood variables. Fourteen inactive overweight men were included in the study. Firstly, maximal aerobic power (MAP) was measured. Then, participants randomly performed 5 experimental sessions consisting of 30 min of steady-state exercise (SSE) at 50% of MAP, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) with 30s repetitions at MAP and 30s of passive recovery or no exercise (CTRL). Sessions were performed 1h (SSE1h and HIIE1h) or 2.5h (SSE2.5h and HIIE2.5h) after the consumption of a standardized breakfast. An ad libitum buffet was offered 3.5h after the completion of the breakfast. Absolute energy intake (EI) and relative energy intake (REI) (relative energy intake = energy intake - energy expenditure from exercise) were measured. Appetite (hunger, fullness and desire for specific foods) scores and circulating concentration of insulin and IL-6 were determined at 1h, 1.75h, 2.5h and 3.25h after breakfast while lactate was measured post-exercise. EI was greater after the CTRL session compared to HIIE2.5h (5045.9 ± 1873.5 kJ vs. 3716.1 ± 1688.7 kJ). REI was greater for the CTRL session (5045.9 ± 1873.5 kJ) than HIIE1h (3386.5 ± 1660.1 kJ), HIIE2.5h (2508.5 ± 1709.3 kJ) and SSE2.5h (3426.6 ± 1788.0 kJ). Higher hunger scores were observed following the CRTL session with respect to those of HIIE2.5h. Insulin and IL-6 concentrations were greater after HIIE1h and SSE1h with respect to those obtained after HIIE2.5h, SSE2.5h and CTRL. Lactate concentrations were higher in HIIE1h and HIIE2.5h compared to those of SSE1h and SSE2.5h. These results show that HIIE performed 2.5h after a breakfast reduced appetite (hunger scores) and EI through mechanism that need to be characterized. This approach can be applied to individuals aiming to create an energetic deficit. School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Exercise Sciences Université du Québec à Montréal Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine School of Public Health University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente CNPq: 150549/2016-4 FAPESP: 2015/11302-3 FAPESP: 2017/07304-6 FAPESP: 2017/08167-2 FAPESP: 2017/19280-4 CNPq: 402629/2016-7 CNPq: 800585/2016-0

(1) Background: We investigated the effects of 28 days of beta-alanine (&beta, alanine) supplementation on the acute interference effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on lower-body resistance exercise performance, body composition, and strength when combined with a resistance training program. (2) Methods: Twenty-two males were randomized into: &beta, alanine supplementation (6.4 g/day) or placebo (6.4 g/day maltodextrin) during 28 days. Total body water, intracellular and extracellular water, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Participants performed 5000-m HIIE (1:1 effort and rest ratio) followed by resistance exercise (four sets of 80% at 45&deg, leg press until muscular failure) at baseline and after 28 days. The resistance training program consisted of three sets of 10 to 12 RM with 90 s of rest, four days per week. (3) Results: For the post-HIIE leg press volume, higher values were observed post-training than pre-training, but no group x time interaction was observed. There was a non-significant trend for an interaction in the FFM change (&beta, alanine = 2.8% versus placebo = 1.0%, p = 0.072). (4) Conclusion: Twenty-eight days of &beta, alanine supplementation did not prevent acute strength loss during resistance exercise after high-intensity interval exercise, nor increase strength or hypertrophic adaptations associated with resistance training.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:32:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-01 This study compared the effects of two exercise programs performed in different intensities, but equal overall energy expenditure (EE). Adult men with obesity (29.6 ± 4.9 years; BMI = 35.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2)were randomised to one of three groups: High-intensity interval training (HIIT- 10 × 1:1 min 100% VO2max; n = 13); Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT - ˜35 min 65% VO2max; n = 13)or Control (no training; n = 6). The session EE (HIIT = 278.0 ± 37.1; MICT = 299.4 ± 17.8 kcal)was calculated by adding the aerobic contribution (VO2 of the session minus VO2 at rest)and anaerobic (difference between the VO2 estimated and VO2 measured in session). The anaerobic contribution in HIIT was 30%, showing that a substantial portion of the energy for 10 x 1 min HIIT comes from non-oxidative metabolism. VO2max improved in both trained groups (p = 0.006), while systolic blood pressure decreased (p < 0.001)and diastolic blood pressure was not altered. Visceral and subcutaneous fat stores did not change after the intervention, indicating a longer intervention may be necessary for changes in adiposity. Six weeks of HIIT or MICT were effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure in previously inactive obese men. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education State University (Unesp) School of Technology and Sciences, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente Radiology Institute, Rua Democrata, 254, Presidente Prudente Department of Sport School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE) Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01 School of Health and Exercise Science University of British Columbia Okanagan, RT 360 1147, Research Road Kelowna Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education State University (Unesp) School of Technology and Sciences, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE) Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences São Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on indices of cardio-metabolic health: (HDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, heart ratio, and phase angle/PhA) in physically active men. Methods: Twenty active men were randomly allocated to HIIT (n = 10), or MICT (n = 10) for 5 weeks, three times per week. HIIT consisted of running 5 km with 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery while subjects in MICT group ran continuously the same 5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed. Blood samples were collected at different moments during the first and last exercise session. Before and after 5 weeks of both exercise training protocols, heart ratio (during exercise session) and PhA were measured pre and post-exercise training. Results: Fasting HDL-c levels did not change after 5 weeks of HIIT or MICT. Perceptual variation of HDL pre and post training (fed state) tended to differ between HIIT and MICT (p = 0.09). All lipoproteins parameters (HDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and non-HDL) were increased in post-acute exercise session compared to pre-exercise during the first and last training session, these being observed after both training protocols. PhA and heart rate measured at different times during the first and last training session were not affected in both training protocols. Conclusion: These results indicate that HIIT and MICT modify the post-exercise lipoprotein profile acutely. On the other hand, only HIIT tended to increase HDL-c levels chronically. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences Post Graduation Program in Motricity Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Federal University of Pernambuco School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Exercise Sciences Université du Québec à Montréal Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine Department of Kinesiology University of Montreal Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences Post Graduation Program in Motricity Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 20 15/23127-1 FAPESP: 2015/11302-3 FAPESP: 2016/16712-8

To compare the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT-control group) on body composition, hunger and food intake. Twenty-three previously untrained women (28.43 ± 12.53 years) were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 11) or MICT group (n = 12). The HIIT group performed 15 1-min bouts at 90 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax) interspersed by 30-s active recovery (60 % HRmax). The MICT group performed a continuous exercise at 70 % HRmax equalizing the training load method proposed by Edwards (1993) to a similar value achieved by the HIIT group. Training for both groups was performed three times per week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed the Astrand cycloergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 1 week before and after the training period, as well as body composition, which was estimated through circumferences and skinfold thicknesses. For all training sessions heart rate, visual scale of hunger and internal load were recorded. In the first and last week of training subjects were asked to record a 24-h food diary for 3 days. Both training induced significant pre- to post-decreases for fat mass, fat percentage, waist circumference and sum of seven skinfolds. However, only the sum of skinfolds differed between protocols with a higher mean percentage change for HIIT compared to the MICT. As expected, estimated VO2max increased in both groups. There were no differences for hunger, energy intake and body mass. HIIT resulted in a greater fat loss compared to moderate continuous aerobic training.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) versus volume matched steady state exercise (SSE) on inflammatory and metabolic responses. Eight physically active male subjects completed two experimental sessions, a 5-km run on a treadmill either continuously (70% vVO2max) or intermittently (1:1 min at vVO2max). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately, 30 and 60 minutes after the exercise session. Blood was analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), uric acid, lactate, cortisol, and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) levels. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (HIIE 1.34 ± 0.24 to 7.11 ± 2.85, and SSE 1.35 ± 0.14 to 4.06±1.60 mmol·L-1, p < 0.05), but HIIE promoted higher values than SSE (p < 0.05); the NEFA levels were higher immediately post-exercise than at rest only in the SSE condition (0.71 ± 0.04 to 0.82±0.09 mEq/L, respectively, p < 0.05), yet, SSE promoted higher values than HIIE immediately after exercise (HIIE 0.72±0.03 vs SSE 0.82±0.09 mEq·L-1, p < 0.05). Glucose and uric acid levels did not show changes under the different conditions (p > 0.05). Cortisol, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels showed time-dependent changes under the different conditions (p < 0.05), however, the area under the curve of TNF-α in the SSE were higher than HIIE (p < 0.05), and the area under the curve of IL-6 in the HIIE showed higher values than SSE (p < 0.05). In addition, both exercise conditions promote increased IL-10 levels and IL-10/TNF-α ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that both exercise protocols, when volume is matched, promote similar inflammatory responses, leading to an anti-inflammatory status; however, the metabolic responses are different.

Lopes-Silva, JP, Panissa, VLG, Julio, UF, and Franchini, E. Influence of physical fitness on Special Judo Fitness Test performance: a multiple linear regression analysis. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1732-1738, 2021-The purpose of this study was to identify the physical fitness variables that best predict Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance. Thirty-five male experienced judo athletes took part in this study. All athletes performed 5 tests: upper- and lower-body cycle ergometer graded exercise tests; upper- and lower-body Wingate tests; and SJFT. The peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak), maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum aerobic power, and the variables corresponding to onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) were determined during the graded exercise tests. For the Wingate tests, peak power (PP) and mean power were used. Furthermore, the total number of throws, heart rate (HR) immediately and 1 minute after, and SJFT index were calculated. Four separated forward multiple linear regressions (forward model) were used to identify the physical fitness variables that best explained the SJFT variables. Upper-body V̇o2peak (ml·min-1·kg-1) explained 27% of variance in the total number of throws, whereas an additional 7% was explained by upper-body PP. Upper-body HRmax explained 46% of the variance in the HR immediately after the SJFT, whereas lower-body HR at OBLA accounted for an additional 8%. Lower-body HRmax explained 21% of the variance in the HR 1 minute after the SJFT, whereas peak lactate ([La-]peak) after the lower-body graded exercise test accounted for an additional 12%. Upper-body V̇o2peak (ml·min-1·kg-1) alone accounted for 15% of the variance in the SJFT index. Based on these results, the data suggest that physical fitness variables, derived from upper- and lower-body aerobic and anaerobic tests, have a small ability to predict the SJFT variables.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-09 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of capsaicin supplementation on performance and physiological responses during high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE). Method: Thirteen physically active men (age = 24.4 ± 4.0 years; height = 176.4 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 78.7 ± 13.8 kg; running training per week = 3.9 ± 0.9 h) performed an incremental running test to determine peak oxygen uptake (V˙ O 2Peak ) and the speed associated with V˙ O 2Peak (sV˙ O 2Peak ). Thereafter, subjects completed two randomized, double-blind HIIE (15s:15 s at 120% sV˙ O 2Peak ) trials 45-min after consuming capsaicin (12 mg) or an isocaloric placebo. Time to exhaustion, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption during and 20 min post-exercise, energy expenditure, time spent above 90% of V˙ O 2Peak , and the rate of perceived exertion were evaluated. Results: There was no difference between capsaicin and placebo for any variable except time to exhaustion [capsaicin: 1530 ± 515 s (102 efforts) vs placebo: 1342 ± 446 s (89 efforts); p < 0.001]. Conclusion: In conclusion, capsaicin supplementation increased time to exhaustion in high-intensity intermittent exercise without modifying the metabolic response of exercise or the rate of perceived exertion in physically active men. Capsaicin could be used to increase the training load during specific exercise training sessions. Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Kinesiology Laval University Department of Sport School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) University São Judas Tadeu Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Nutrition University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM) Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-09 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the contributions of the anaerobic pathway as determined by two different methods and energy expenditure during a typical high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) protocol. Methods: A descriptive research design was utilized in which thirteen physically active men performed six experimental sessions consisting of an incremental test (session 1), submaximal tests at 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90% of velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake (v(V) over dotO(2max)) with two intensities per session (sessions 2-5), and the HIIE protocol (session 6; 10 efforts of 1 min at (V) over dotO(2max) interspersed by 1 min of passive recovery). The estimation of anaerobic energy system contribution was calculated by: (a) the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption plus delta lactate method and (b) the accumulated oxygen deficit method using the difference between predicted oxygen demand from the submaximal tests of varying intensities and accumulated oxygen uptake during HIIE. Estimation of aerobic energy system contribution was calculated through the measurement of oxygen consumption during activity. Total EE during the entire HIIE protocol (efforts + recovery) and for the efforts only were calculated from each method. Results: For efforts + recovery and efforts only, anaerobic contribution was similar for both methods, and consequently total EE was also equivalent (p = 0.230 for both comparisons). During efforts + recovery, aerobic:anaerobic energy system contribution was (68 +/- 4%: 32 +/- 4%), while efforts only was (54 +/- 5%: 46 +/- 5%) with both situations demonstrating greater aerobic than anaerobic contribution (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Anaerobic contribution seems to be relevant during HIIE and must to be taken into account during total EE estimation; however, the type of method employed did not change the anaerobic contribution or total EE estimates. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Phys Educ & Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Cent Florida, Sch Kinesiol & Phys Therapy, Orlando, FL 32816 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sao Paulo, Brazil Australian Inst Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/07304-6 FAPESP: 2017/08167-2 FAPESP: 2015/11302-3

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-04 This study investigated physiological modulation on metabolic and inflammatory parameters, the technical–tactical and time structure variables, across a simulated judo competition. Ten judokas were submitted to a simulated competition (four matches), with blood collection in time zero, after each match, and 30 and 60 min post the fourth match. Before each match the rating of perceived recovery (RPR) and after each match the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) were collected; lactate concentration before and after each match was collected. There was no difference across matches for RPR, RPE, HR, technical–tactical, time structure, interleukin (IL)-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, cortisol, testosterone and testosterone–cortisol ratio. Higher lactate was found post-match compared to prematch. Moreover, lactate was higher pre-third than the pre-first match, and post-second than post-third and fourth matches. Glucose was higher post-second match compared to prematches and 30-min post-fourth match; IL-6 was higher post-third, post-fourth and post-30 and 60-min fourth match than prematches and also higher post-first match compared to post-third and 60-min post-fourth match. Thus, alterations observed in glucose, lactate and IL-6 judo competition seem to be related to metabolism regulation to maintain the technical–tactical actions across the matches. Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Combat Centre Australian Institute of Sport Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP

The aim of this study was to analyze physiological responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during simulated competition. To this end, 10 athletes (age: 28 ± 4 years, body mass: 81.8 ± 7.4 kg, body fat: 13.0 ± 4.8%, systematic practice: 11 ± 4 years) were analyzed in simulated competition (4 matches of 10 minutes). Blood samples were taken to assess energy demand, hormonal responses, and cell damage. Additionally, the heart rate variability (HRV) response was analyzed. The main results show that in simulated competition, during the last matches, athletes had lower lactate (p < 0.001), epinephrine (p < 0.001), norepinephrine (p < 0.001), and insulin (p = 0.002) concentrations. Increases observed in creatine kinase (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.007), and creatinine (p < 0.001) seen, especially, in the last matches are indicative of possible cell damage. The HRV reflected a decrease in the RR medium (average of the normal R-R intervals) (p = 0.001) during the competition. Thus, it is concluded that successive matches from competition generate a gradual decrease of adrenergic and glycolytic activities, which is accompanied by a gradual increase in cell damage markers and decrease in the RR medium of the HRV.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of upper and lower body high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on immunometabolism profile. Seven male judo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. The athletes completed four bouts of the upper and lower body Wingate tests separated by 3-min recovery periods. The blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after the fourth bout of lower and upper body Wingate tests. Serum was analysed for IL-1ra (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist), interleukins (IL-1) IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), cortisol, glucose, and NEFA (non-ester fatty acid). Peak power (maximum power attained during the 30 s test), mean power were calculated. In addition, after 1 and 2.5-min of each Wingate bout, blood samples from the ear lobe were collected for lactate analysis. Our data demonstrated that lower body HIIE promoted a greater metabolic rate (values pre- vs. post-Wingate, for lactate: 1.02 ± 0.16 vs. 14.44 ± 1.08 mmol/L; for glucose: 112.5 ± 16.7 vs. 147.9 ± 23.5 mg/dL) and resulted in higher mechanical (mean power: 621 ± 46 vs. 427 ± 40 W, peak power: 794 ± 61 vs. 602 ± 109 W) performance compared to the upper body HIIE (lactate: 0.85 ± 0.18 vs. 12.69 ± 0.74 mmol/L; for glucose: 115.3 ± 20.4 vs. 123.7 ± 28.6 mg/dL; mean power: 480 ± 46 vs. 341 ± 45 W; and peak power: 672 ± 83 vs. 501 ± 120 W), but NEFA showed a similar response to both conditions, with increased IL-10 levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that despite the higher performance in lower body HIIE, the inflammatory response did not differ between exercise modalities.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men. Methods: Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. Results: The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group). Conclusion: Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education State University (Unesp) School of Technology and Sciences Presidente Prudente Department of Sport School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Physical Education Federal University of Pernambuco Faculty of Physical Education University of Campinas Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education State University (Unesp) School of Technology and Sciences Presidente Prudente

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) plus strength training on body composition, hormone related to energy balance (leptin), and hunger scores in physically active non-obese men. METHODS Sixteen men were allocated in two different groups, training group (N.=10) performed a combined HIIT (5 km, 1 minute of effort interspersed by 1 minute of rest in passive recovery) followed by strength exercise session (three sets, with load of 8-12 repetition maximum) twice a week, during 8 weeks, while control group (N.=6) did not suffer any intervention. Hunger scores, leptin concentrations and body composition were assessed. Body composition, fasting leptin and hunger score were compared through two-way analysis (group and period) with repeated measures in the second factor while leptin and hunger scores in exercise session pre- and post-8 weeks through two-way analysis (period and time of measurement) with repeated measures in the second factor. RESULTS The fasting leptin decreased pre- to post-8week in training group (7.7±4.9 to 2.9±2.1 ng/mL; P=0.012). For leptin response to exercise session there was main effect of training period, with higher values pre- (6.5±3.9 ng/mL) than post-training (2.6±2.1 ng/mL; P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-25 The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses to moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve physically active male subjects were recruited and completed a 5-km run on a treadmill in two experimental sessions in randomized order: continuously (70% sVO2max) and intermittently (1:1 min at sVO2max). Oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, lactate concentration, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion data were recorded during and after each session. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (High-Intensity: 1.43 ± 0.25 to 7.36 ± 2.78; Moderate-Intensity: 1.64 ± 1.01 to 4.05 ± 1.52 mmol·L-1, p = 0.0004), but High-Intensity promoted higher values (p = 0.001) than Moderate-Intensity. There was a difference across time on oxygen uptake at all moments tested in both groups (High-Intensity: 100.19 ± 8.15L; Moderate-Intensity: 88.35 ± 11.46, p < 0.001). Both exercise conditions promoted increases in excess postexercise oxygen consumption (High-Intensity: 6.61 ± 1.85 L; Moderate-Intensity: 5.32 ± 2.39 L, p < 0.005), but higher values were observed in the High-Intensity exercise protocol. High-Intensity was more effective at modifying the heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (High-Intensity: 183 ± 12.54 and 19; Moderate-Intensity: 172 ± 8.5 and 16, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, over the same distance, Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity exercise exhibited different lactate concentrations, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. As expected, the metabolic contribution also differed, and High-Intensity induced higher energy expenditure, however, the total duration of the session may have to be taken into account. Moreover, when following moderate-intensity training, the percentage of sVO2max and the anaerobic threshold might influence exercise and training responses. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Kinesiology Coastal Carolina University Department of Physical Education Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 Department of Sports School of Physical Education and Sports University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) intake on strength performance and its metabolic and inflammatory responses during concurrent training. Seven active males ingested a double-placebo (P), CAF (capsule 5 mg/kg) or CHO (20% maltodextrin solution) supplementation before strength exercise. Participants performed three randomized sessions of 5,000-m high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise at maximal intensity followed by strength exercise, performing after the P, CHO, and CAF intake. The blood samples were collected before (pre) and immediately after concurrent strength exercise (post). We found a similar number of repetitions and total volume in all supplementation groups. There was a main effect of time on glucose, lactate, and interleukin (IL)-6 (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 Purpose: To compare the effects of the order of concurrent exercise (endurance plus strength or strength plus endurance) on lipoprotein profiles in men. Methods: After the evaluation of maximum strength (one repetition maximum—1RM) in the half-squat and of aerobic fitness (maximal velocity in treadmill incremental test), 11 physically active male subjects underwent two randomized sessions composed of four sets of half-squat strength exercises until exhaustion (at 80 % of 1RM) and a 5-km run high-intensity intermittent exercise (1:1 min at Vmax), performed in different orders: (1) strength plus run (S-A) and inverse order, and run plus strength (A-S). Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the first exercise (Post-1) and after the second exercise (Post-2) in the intra-session sequence. Serum was analyzed for total cholesterol (TC) and its ratio, HDL-c and LDL-c, and triacylglycerol (TAG). Results: There were effects of condition for TC, LDL-c, and TC/HDL, with greater values in the AS than SA (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, as well as neuromuscular activity, in a strength task in subjects with different training backgrounds. Participants (n = 26) were divided into three groups according to their training backgrounds (aerobic, strength or mixed) and submitted to three sessions: (1) determination of the maximum oxygen uptake during the incremental treadmill test to exhaustion and familiarization of the evaluation of maximum strength (1RM) for the half squat; (2) 1RM determination; and (3) strength exercise, four sets at 80% of the 1RM, in which the maximum number of repetitions (MNR), the total weight lifted (TWL), the root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of the electromyographic (EMG) activity for the second and last repetition were computed. There was an effect of group for MNR, with the aerobic group performing a higher MNR compared to the strength group (P = 0.045), and an effect on MF with a higher value in the second repetition than in the last repetition (P = 0.016). These results demonstrated that individuals with better aerobic fitness were more fatigue resistant than strength trained individuals. The absence of differences in EMG signals indicates that individuals with different training backgrounds have a similar pattern of motor unit recruitment during a resistance exercise performed until failure, and that the greater capacity to perform the MNR probably can be explained by peripheral adaptations.

Panissa VLG, Julio UF, Pinto e Silva CM, Andreato LV, Hardt F, Franchini E. Effects of interval time between high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise on strength performance: analysis in individuals with different training background. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 815-825, 2012. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the time interval after high-intensity aerobic exercise on strength performance in individuals with different training backgrounds. Participants (n = 27) were divided into three groups according to their training backgrounds (aerobic, strength or concurrent) and submitted to eight sessions: (1) determination of the peak velocity (Vpeak) during the incremental treadmill test to exhaustion and familiarization of the evaluation of maximum strength (1RM) for the half-squat; (2) 1RM determination; and (3-8) randomly assigned experimental sessions consisting of either a strength exercise (SE), four sets at 80% of the 1RM, in which maximum number of repetitions (MNR) and the total volume performed (TV) was computed, and five sessions consisting of high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise (100% of Vpeak - 1 min:1 min) totaling 5 km, followed by a SE with varying recovery intervals between activities (30, 60 minutes, 4, 8, and 24 hours). Comparisons for MNR and TV were made using two-way variance analysis (group and time interval) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (P < 0.05), a Bonferroni and Dunnet post-hoc test were used. There was an effect of group for MNR, with the Aerobic Group performing a higher MNR compared to Strength Group (P = 0.002). Moreover, there was an effect of the time interval for MNR and TV, with reduction after 30 (P < 0.001 for both variables) and 60 minutes intervals (P = 0.035; P = 0.007, respectively) compared to the control condition. Thus, it is concluded that the drop in performance related to the SE activity occurred with the

Purpose:To estimate the contribution of the 3 energy systems to simulated judo matches.Methods:Twelve judo athletes (18 ± 1 y, 175.1 ± 5.3 cm, 74.3 ± 10.5 kg, 11.7% ± 1.5% body fat, 8 ± 2 y of practice) performed 5 combats with different durations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min), against the same opponent, on different days and blinded to the duration. The estimated energy contributions for the oxidative, glycolytic, and ATP-PCr systems were calculated based on oxygen uptake (V̇O2) during activity, Delta of lactate, and the fast phase of excess V ̇ O2, respectively. Analysis of mixed models for repeated measures was used to compare the contribution of the 3 energy systems and different durations of judo matches, followed by a post hoc Bonferroni test.Results:The oxidative system’s contribution (70%) was higher than those of the glycolytic (8%; P < .001) and ATP-PCr (21%; P < .001) energy systems (in all durations), and the ATP-PCr contribution was higher than that of the glycolytic energy system (up to 3 min). In addition, during the match there was an increase in the oxidative (from 50% to 81%; P < .001), a decrease in the ATP-PCr (from 40% to 12%; P < .001), and maintenance of the glycolytic contributions (between 6% and 10%).Conclusions:There is a predominance of the oxidative system to supply the energy cost of judo matches from the first minute of combat up to the end, compared with the anaerobic systems.

The aim of present study was to compare blood lipid postprandial profile response in two modes of high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve individuals (6 men and 6 women) were submitted to a maximal incremental test (to determine maximal aerobic power [MAP] and V. O2peak [peak oxygen uptake]), high-intensity intermittent all-out exercise (60×8-sec bouts interspersed by 12-sec passive recovery) and fixed high-intensity intermittent exercise (100% maximal aerobic speed, consisted of 1-min repetitions at MAP [70 rpm] separated by 1-min of passive recovery). Blood samples were collected pre, immediately, 45 and 90-min postexercise. Serum was analyzed for total cholesterol and its ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol (TAG). For TAG there was a main effect of moment with higher values immediately postexercise compared to 45-min postexercise. For VLDL there was a main effect to moment with higher values immediately post exercise than pre and 45-min postexercise; higher values 90-min postexercise than 45-min postexercise. There was no effect for HDL-c, LDL-c, and cholesterol. For area under the curve there was no difference for any variable. Our results indicated that both kinds of acute exercise session lead to no improvement in the acute response of serum lipid profile of healthy young.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on lower- and upper-body graded exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE, four Wingate bouts) performance, and on physiological and muscle damage markers responses in judo athletes. Methods: Thirty-five subjects were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 8) or to one of the following HIIT groups (n = 9 for each) and tested pre- and post-four weeks (2 training d center dot wk(-1)): (1) lower-body cycle-ergometer; (2) upper-body cycle-ergometer; (3) uchi-komi (judo technique entrance). All HIIT were constituted by two blocks of 10 sets of 20 s of all out effort interspersed by 10 s set intervals and 5-min between blocks. Results: For the upper-body group there was an increase in maximal aerobic power in graded upper-body exercise test (12.3%). The lower-body group increased power at onset blood lactate in graded upper-body exercise test (22.1%). The uchi-komi group increased peak power in upper- (16.7%) and lower-body (8.5%), while the lower-body group increased lower-body mean power (14.2%) during the HIIE. There was a decrease in the delta blood lactate for the uchi-komi training group and in the third and fourth bouts for the upper-body training group. Training induced testosterone-cortisol ratio increased in the lower-body HIIE for the lower-body (14.9%) and uchi-komi (61.4%) training groups. Conclusion: Thus, short-duration low-volume HIIT added to regular judo training was able to increase upper-body aerobic power, lower- and upper-body HIIE performance. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Phys Educ & Sport, Dept Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Presidente Prudente, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Presidente Prudente, Brazil FAPESP: 2011/22105-3 FAPESP: 2011/22862-9 FAPESP: 2012/00220-8 CNPq: 302242/2014-7

Inoue, DS, Panissa, VLG, Monteiro, PA, Gerosa-Neto, J, Rossi, FE, Antunes, BMM, Franchini, E, Cholewa, JM, Gobbo, LA, and Lira, FS. Immunometabolic responses to concurrent training: the effects of exercise order in recreational weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1960-1967, 2016-The relationship between immunometabolic response and performance is not well understood. This study evaluated the influence of concurrent strength and high-intensity aerobic sequence of exercise order between sessions on strength performance, metabolic, and inflammatory response. Eleven recreational weightlifters underwent the following 2 randomized sessions: (a) strength-aerobic exercise order (SA) and (b) aerobic-strength exercise order (AS). Blood samples were collected before (Pre) and immediately after the first exercise (Post-1) and the second exercise (Post-2) of each session. The SA condition presented a higher number of repetitions (SA: 54 ± 15 vs. AS: 43 ± 12) and total volume (SA: 7,265 ± 2,323 vs. AS: 5,794 ± 1846 kg) than the AS condition (both p = 0.001). Glucose was higher in Pre when compared with post-1 in both orders (p ≤ 0.05); changes in lactate were time-dependent in the different orders (p ≤ 0.05); however, AS post-2 lactate was lower when compared with SA post-2 (p ≤ 0.05). Interleukin-6 levels showed time-dependent changes for both exercise orders (p ≤ 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level was increased only in AS post-1 (AS: pre = 21.91 ± 35.47, post-1 = 26.99 ± 47.69 pg·ml vs. SA: pre = 25.74 ± 43.64, post-1 = 29.74 ± 46.05 pg·ml, p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that concurrent training order exhibits different immunometabolic responses and, at least in part, can be associated with the acute decline in strength performance induced by concurrent exercise. Our results point to a possible role of TNF-α (post-1 AS condition) as a trigger to restore the energy demand by providing substrates to help maintain contractile activity in skeletal muscle.