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Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and interpret the spatio-temporal patterns of WVCs on Asiaei highway in Golestan National Park (GNP). With the collaboration of environmental protection department of GNP, we identified about 1900 WVC Records involving 34 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians between 2004 and 2013. Mammals were involved in more than 50% of overall WVCs, among which wild boar (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), stone marten (Martes foina) and porcupine (Hystrix indica) were involved in more than 90% of mammals’ mortalities; So, we focused on analyzing spatio-temporal pattern of vehicle collisions of these six mammal species. During the study period, these species have undergone 95% increase in road mortalities, averagely. Detailed temporal analyses exhibited an increasing trend of road mortalities from spring to summer and then a reducing one to late winter. It was shown that a large number of collisions occurred in holiday periods when recreational trips considerably increased the traffic volume of Asiaei highway. Preliminary inspection of spatial patterns using Kernel density analysis revealed six collision hotspots, mostly located in the road bends with densely forested land cover on both sides; the promenades along the road seemed to play a significant role too. Scale dependency analyses of collision patterns, demonstrated clustering pattern at micro scales less than 10 km, randomness at meso scales 10 - 20 km and both regularity and clustering at macro scales more than 20 km. This paper suggests that road mortality of common species in GNP is a momentous issue, which needs to be considered by relevant governmental and public organizations. We also emphasize that the analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of WVCs are fundamentals to plan for mitigate wildlife road mortality.

Industrial states generate significant amounts of wastes. Industrial states’ managers are worried about how to select a proper disposal method for their solid waste management. Gathering over 200 different factories in Charmshahr state is leading to produce over 77 tons waste per day. In this study, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to choose the best disposal method for an industrial state named Charmshahr with regard to the existence uncertainty and lack of knowledge. This state contains more than 200 factories most of which are leather and tannery industries. Four alternatives, namely landfilling, recycling, Refuse Derived Fuel combustion and conventional incineration are considered as the disposal methods. Also the linguistic comparisons which are compatible with fuzzy sets are used for more real and accurate decision making. The pair-wise comparisons are made based on individual experts’ judgments on eight criteria namely costs, technical reliability, feasibility, waste consistency, environmental impacts, social viewpoints, available knowledge and maintenance. Environmental impacts have the most effects on the estimated weights, whereas social issues have the least. Finally, with regard to the results, especially economical issues, feasibility and water and soil pollutions, landfilling is found as the most proper disposal method for Charmshahr industrial state.