Search

Background: Recently, considerable attention has been paid to medical errors in health care system. Taking into account that nurses spend more time with patients in comparison with other staff, they are more prone to human errors. The present research conducted to investigate nurseschr('39') errors in delivery emergency ward in a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: In the present coss-sectional study,at first, task analysis was conducted to nursing proffession using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) technique by FGD. In next step, the Human Error Probability (HEP) was determined utilizing SPAR-H method and dependences of performance-shaping factors (PSFs) and action and diagnosis activities were identified. Finally, after determinig dependency level, the final diagnosis HEP was calculated and risk assessment level was carried out using the riskschr('39') probability and intensity tables. Results: According to the results, four groups of studied tasks, the lowest errors were belonged to "working with serum pumping machinechr('39')chr('39') subtask with the error level of 0.055 and the highest error probability related to chr('39')chr('39') transfusion of blood productschr('39')chr('39') subtask with the error rate of 0.78. Moreover, special responsibilities of the wards had the highest level of undesirable risks. Conclusion: In the present study, the analysis of identified errors reveals due to high work demand, insufficient time and the need for accurate administrative monitoring and providing required arrangements, the main causes of errors can be attributed to high level of stress and complexity in the tasks of delivery emergency ward.

Introduction & Aims: volatiles compounds are major causes of air pollution that exposure to these compounds can cause a lot of health effects on people. Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (BTEX) are volatiles components of Gasoline that occupational exposures with them cause irreversible effect on the health of people. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk arising from occupational exposure of BTEX on workers in Gasoline refueling stations of Mashhad in order to provide guidelines to control them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 refueling station in the Mashhad city in 2012. In order to assess the health risk of chemical uses the proposed method by National Institute of Safety and Health in Singapore. Firstly job tasks and work process was determined and risk ranking was calculated in each job task by aid of hazard and exposure rate for any of chemicals. Finally were obtained the risk level for each of the material by Placement of these two parameters in the final equation.Results: The result showed that maximum health risk is primarily related to the pumper and in exposing to benzene (risk=4.5) and in next stage is in unloading Operators with Ethyl benzene.Conclusion: Results showed that workers in Gasoline refueling stations exposed to high levels of vapors BTEX compounds. Using of ways control includes installation of vapors recovery system, proper maintenance of equipments gasoline refueling and design of chamber for pumper significantly can be reduces the risk of exposure to these compounds.*Corresponding Author: Jahangiri Mohammad, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

This study investigated the feasibility of large-scale utilizing calcareous wastes (CW) of Angoran lead and zinc mine as aggregates in mortar production with the maximum possible substitution of natural aggregates. The main goal was to produce mortar (concrete with fine aggregates as fine as sand or smaller) from Angoran mine's calcareous wastes for maintenance in its underground spaces. Compared to concrete, such mortars with better fluidity can enter narrow spaces more easily. In addition, it can be used to build various structures around the mine. Therefore, multiple samples were prepared by replacing 0% (as the control sample), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of natural aggregates with CW. Subsequently, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, slump, and TCLP tests were conducted on these samples. The results revealed that the mortar sample with 80% CW exhibited significantly higher compressive strength at 3, 14, 28, and 56 days compared to both the control sample and other samples. Specifically, the compressive strength of this sample reached 35.5 MPa at 56 days, representing an 18.4% increase over the control sample. This indicates that the hydration of cement and the growth of C-S-H gel were enhanced. Analysis of the workability and slump of the samples indicated that as the percentage of natural aggregate replaced by CW increased, the fluidity of the mortar slightly decreased. In addition to mechanical properties like compressive strength, environmental aspects like heavy metal stabilization are also very important. So, TCLP tests conducted on the four heavy metals lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium demonstrated that the released amounts of these elements from all the samples were below the EPA standard limits. These findings confirm the effective stabilization of heavy metals in mortar samples. A comparison of SEM images revealed that the mortar sample made with 20% CW (with minimum compressive strength) exhibited a higher presence of ettringite compared to the sample made with 80% CW (with maximum compressive strength) after 28 days., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yogurt prepared with the addition of Persian shallot and probiotic bacteria. The effect of Persian shallot on the viability of probiotic bacteria ( Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum ) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of shallot and probiotic bacteria on Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli species were investigated. The experiments were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that the survival of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly in the presence of shallots ( p  < .05). The addition of two different probiotic bacteria to the yogurt samples inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. While E. coli bacteria had a 3-log reduction, L. monocytogenes did not grow at all in the presence of probiotic bacteria and shallots. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that the addition of shallots not only increased the survival of probiotic bacteria but also reduced the growth of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the addition of probiotic bacteria increased the acceptance of sensory properties of yogurt samples., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) accounts for 2% of all congenital heart disease. The prognosis is poor (30% survival at 1 year) and early medico-surgical management is essential. A natural history of retrospective analysis of 47 consecutive patients with this abnormality born between 1962 and 1992, hospitalised between 1971 and 1992 and followed up for an average of 9.6 years (range: 1 month to 24 years) allowed identification of several anatomical groups: Group I (N = 19, 40.4%) comprised patients who underwent complete correction; Group II comprised patients who had undergone one or more palliative procedures. In Group II, there were 13 survivors at the end of the study (Group IIA); 14 patients died (Group IIB) and one was lost tot follow-up. The global mortality was 38% (21% in Group I and 52% in Group II). Overall management was intense: 166 cardiac catheter studies, 109 surgical operations including 48 systemico-pulmonary anastomoses, 34 right ventricular outflow reconstructions, I Ilbawi procedure. The survival was higher in Group I (79%) than in Group II (48%) indicating a clear advantage in reestablishing as normal as possible anatomic and haemodynamic status. Patients in Group I had a higher incidence of pulmonary artery confluence, patent ductus and an anatomically simple form of pulmonary atresia with VSD, all good surgical prognostic factors. The first palliative procedure was performed on average at 35 months in Group I, 46 months in Group IIA and 24 months in Group IIB; complete correction, when possible, was performed at about the 10th year, after an average of 3 operative procedures per patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This is a retrospective study of 200 patients, with long-term results operated upon from October 1965 to July 1984. 83% women, 17% men. The mean age was 42.40 +/- 11.03 years. In 87% mitral stenosis was pure and 13% systolic murmur was heard. 60% were in classes III and IV and 40% in classes I and II (NYHA). Hemodynamically mean C.W.P. was 21 +/- 6.27 mm Hg and mean P.A. pressure 30 +/- 9.5 mm Hg. Right anterior thoracotomy was done in every case with canulation of femoral artery and V.C. extracorporeal circulation consisted of a bubble oxgenation (RYGG) and a Roller Pump. In 88.5% both commissures were opened and in 11.5% only the anterolateral commissure. In 58% both papillary muscles were incised, in 15% anterolateral and in 13% posteromedial papillary muscles were incised. In 17% valves or commissures were decalcified. In 5.5% a thrombus was removed from the auricle. Postoperative mortality was 0%. 13% of patients experienced a postoperative complication: 4% hemothorax, 2.5% gaz embolism without sequela, 0.5% lower extremity embolism, 3% pulmonary embolism, 2% phlebitis and 1% gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Postoperatively in 75% of cases no murmur was heard, and in 25% a systolic murmur was found over pericardium. 167 patients were assessed at a mean interval of 129.88 months. 11 patients died at a mean interval of 98.56 +/- 48.56 months with non cardiac cause in 9 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Jugular vein blood samples collected from 5 Holstein-Friesian cows during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle were incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Blood samples were centrifugated after each incubation period, and plasma was frozen for later progesterone assay. Mean progesterone concentration in blood samples incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C decreased from 5.7 ng/ml at 0 hour to minimum concentrations of 3.5 ng/ml at 12 hours, 0.9 ng/ml at 12 hours, and 1.0 ng/ml at 8 hours, respectively. The first progesterone concentration which was significantly different from the initial value (0 hour) was at the 8-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 4 C and at the 1-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 22 C and 37 C. Progesterone concentration decreased similarly when blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes or EDTA tubes and incubated at 22 C for 0, 6, and 12 hours. Incubating harvested plasma or serum for 0 to 6 hours at 37 C had no effect on progesterone concentrations (7.9 and 8.2 ng/ml for plasma, and 6.9 and 6.6 ng/ml for serum.

The nature of progesterone decline in samples of bovine blood as affected by whole blood incubation time and temperature was investigated in 3 experiments. In 2 experiments, progesterone concentrations were determined in plasma, in hemolyzed (by freezing and thawing) blood, and in washed blood cells and blood cell washes before and after 8 hours of incubation at 22 C to study the effect of RBC on detected progesterone. In the third experiment, the effect of alteration in RBC metabolism on progesterone degradation by these cells was studied by using potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride as anticoagulant. Results of these experiments indicated that (a) progesterone was significantly reduced because of whole blood incubation time and temperature, (b) lost progesterone was not detectable on or in blood cells indicating chemical degradation of progesterone, (c) intact blood cells were needed to obtain the decrease in the progesterone, (d) a small amount of circulating blood progesterone was associated with blood cells, and (e) degradation of bovine blood progesterone by blood cells was dependent on the glycolytic process. Potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride anticoagulant and refrigeration provided the best progesterone results when blood samples were not processed immediately after collection.

Based on a study of 43 cases the authors attempt to assess the exact aetiology of the appearance of right bundle branch block, which is seen very frequently after repair of a ventricular septal defect. A comparison of the electrocardiograms with the anatomical type of VSD, the surgical approach, and the size of the septal defect would seem to indicate that a monofascicular block by a lesion of the right branch of the bundle of His is responsible. The correlations are not, however, absolute, and in a certain number of cases a simple peripheral lesion was to blame. The importance of precise knowledge of the case of the branch is that it is possible that first a bi- and then a tri-fasicular block will develop; this means that complete atrioventricular block is one of the long-term sequelae of surgery. In the authors' experience of 43 cases, only one tri-fascicular block developed.