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2. Remote ischaemic pre-conditioning reduces intestinal ischaemia reperfusion injury in a newborn rat

Author

Ian Howard Jones, Denise Tao, Bhumita Vagdama, Michael Orford, Simon Eaton, Jane Collins, and Nigel John Hall

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Surgery, General Medicine
Abstract

Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in multiple organ systems. IRI is seen in multiple bowel pathologies in the newborn, including NEC. We investigated the potential of RIC as a novel therapy for various intestinal pathologies in the newborn.We used an established intestinal IRI model in rat pups which results in similar intestinal injury to necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Animals were randomly allocated to IRI only(n = 14), IRI + RIC(n = 13) or sham laparotomy(n = 10). The macroscopic extent of intestinal injury is reported as a percentage of total small bowel. Injury severity was measured using Chiu-Park scoring. Neutrophil infiltration/activation was assayed by myeloperoxidase activity. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α). Data are median (interquartile range).Animals that underwent RIC showed a decreased extent of macroscopic injury from 100%(85-100%) in the IRI only group to 58%(15-84%, p = 0.003) in the IRI + RIC group. Microscopic injury score was significantly lower in animals that underwent RIC compared to IRI alone (3.5[1.25-5] vs 5.5[4-6], p = 0.014). Intestinal myeloperoxidase activity in animals exposed to IRI was 3.4 mU/mg of tissue (2.5-3.7) and 2.1 mU/mg(1.5-2.8) in the IRI + RIC group(p = 0.047). HIF-1α expression showed a non-significant trend towards reduced expression in the IRI + RIC group.RIC reduces the extent and severity of bowel injury in this animal model, supporting the hypothesis that RIC has therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases in the newborn.

Published
2022

3. Forequarter amputations at the Moi teaching and referral hospital

Author

Muteti, E.N., Busakhala, N., Vagdama, H., and Lagat, D.

Abstract

Background: Forequarter amputation is an uncommon procedure. It is performed for high grade sarcomas of the proximal humerus, scapula and axillary region; that are not responding to induction chemotherapy or tumour progression with vascular invasion.Objective: To document the indications and results of forequarter amputations done at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital.Methods: Records of patients that had received a forequarter amputation in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital between February 2012 and February 2017 were retrieved. The patient’s demographics, indication for surgery, complications and duration of survival post-operatively were noted and further analyzed.Results: A total of twelve patients were found that had a forequarter amputation done on their upper extremity. Eight were male while four were female. Ten patients (83.3%) were operated on for sarcomas including: synovial sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, enchondroma, osteosarcoma and poorly differentiated sarcoma. Two patients (15.4%) were operated for squamous cell carcinoma. All the amputations were primary surgeries. Survival was 77.7% at six months and 44.4% after one year.Conclusion: The most common indication for forequarter amputation was a limb sarcoma. A one-year survival rate of 44.4% was found following forequarter amputation of a limb.

Published
2018

4. Enhanced hydration stability of Bombyx mori silk fibroin/PEG 600 composite scaffolds for tissue engineering

Author

Chiara G.M. Gennari, Pankaj Vagdama, Francesco Cilurzo, L.A. Marotta, Luisa Montanari, Paola Minghetti, Francesca Selmin, and Barbara Viviani

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, biology, fungi, Composite number, Fibroin, Adhesion, biology.organism_classification, Chemical engineering, Tissue engineering, Bombyx mori, Reagent, Polymer chemistry, PEG ratio, Protein adsorption
Abstract

Silk fibroin scaffolds obtained via regeneration by Ajisawa's reagent (CaCl2/H2O/EtOH, mole ratio 1:8:2) and freeze-drying followed by steam sterilization resulted unstable when incubated in physiological medium over 1-month period since the oxygen diffusivity and mechanical resistance to compression significantly decreased. Blending of regenerated silk fibroin with PEG 600 lead to a novel scaffold with an improved water stability. Multi-parameter characterization has revealed that scaffolds made by composite material were stable in physiological media over at least 1 month of incubation. Interestingly, the presence of PEG has a notable impact on wettability and protein adsorption. This increase in hydrophilicity could be beneficial for initial cell adhesion and survival as well as for the adsorptive loading of growth factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2014
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5. Objectives, physics requirements and conceptual design of an ECRH system for JET

Author

Giruzzi, G [ 1 ], Lennholm, M [ 3,4 ], Parkin, A [ 5 ], Aiello, G [ 6 ], Bellinger, M [ 5 ], Bird, J [ 5 ], Bouquey, F [ 1 ], Braune, H [ 7 ], Bruschi, A [ 8 ], Butcher, P [ 5 ], Clay, R [ 5 ], de la Luna, E [ 3,9 ], Denisov, G [ 10 ], Edlington, T [ 5 ], Fanthome, J [ 5 ], Farina, D [ 8 ], Farthing, J [ 5 ], Figini, L [ 8 ], Garavaglia, S [ 8 ], Garcia, J [ 1 ], Gardener, M [ 5 ], Gerbaud, T [ 11 ], Granucci, G [ 8 ], Hay, J [ 5 ], Henderson, M [ 12 ], Hotchin, S [ 5 ], Ilyin, VN [ 13 ], Jennison, M [ 5 ], Kasparek, W [ 14 ], Khilar, P [ 5 ], Kirneva, N [ 13 ], Kislov, D [ 13 ], Knipe, S [ 5 ], Kuyanov, A [ 13 ], Litaudon, X [ 1 ], Litvak, AG [ 10 ], Moro, A [ 8 ], Nowak, S [ 8 ], Parail, V [ 5 ], Plaum, B [ 14 ], Saibene, G [ 15 ], Sozzi, C [ 8 ], Spah, P [ 6 ], Strauss, D [ 6 ], Trukhina, E [ 13 ], Vaccaro, A [ 6 ], Vagdama, A [ 5 ], Vdovin, V, 13, and JET-EFDA Contributors

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, feasibility study, Sawtooth wave, Condensed Matter Physics, Project team, Electron cyclotron resonance, law.invention, ECRH, Upgrade, Conceptual design, law, JET, Beta (plasma physics), heating systems
Abstract

A study has been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of installing an electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and current drive system on the JET tokamak. The main functions of this system would be electron heating, sawtooth control, neoclassical tearing mode control to access high beta regimes and current profile control to access and maintain advanced plasma scenarios. This paper presents an overview of the studies performed in this framework by an EU-Russia project team. The motivations for this major upgrade of the JET heating systems and the required functions are discussed. The main results of the study are summarized. The usefulness of a 10 MW level EC system for JET is definitely confirmed by the physics studies. Neither feasibility issues nor strong limitations for any of the functions envisaged have been found. This has led to a preliminary conceptual design of the system.

Published
2011
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6. Conceptual design of an ECRH system for JET

Author

Sozzi C., Giruzzi G., Lennholm M., Parkin A., Aiello G., Bellinger M., Bird J., Bouquey F., Braune H., Bruschi A., Butcher P., Clay R., de la Luna E., Denisov G., Edlington T., Fanthome J., Farina D., Farthing J., Figini L., Garavaglia S., Garcia J., Gardener M., Gerbaud T., Granucci G., Hay J., Henderson M., Hotchin S., Ilyin V.N., Jennison M., Kasparek W., Khilar P., Kirneva N., Kislov D., Knipe S., Kuyanov A., Litaudon X., Litvak A.G., Moro A., Nowak S., Parail V., Plaum B., Saibene G., Späh P., Strauss D., Trukhina E., Vaccaro A., Vagdama A., Vdovin V., and JET EFDA Contributors

Subjects
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Abstract

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Published
2011

8. The Science Case for 4GLS

Author

Allan, R.J., Allen, M.P., Alexandrov, A.S., Ashfold, M.N.R., Atkinson, R., Avaldi, L., Bain, C.D., Bancroft, J., Barrett, S.D., Barron, L.D., Bayliss, S., Becker, U., Benning, L.G., Berrah, N., Binns, C., Bisby, R.H., Bizau, J.M., Blake, R.J., Bowler, M.A., Bowyer, J., Brettle, J., Briggs, D., Brown, L.M., Brown, W.A., Burke, P.G., Cacho, C., Carter, R., Catlow, R., Cernik, R.J., Chesters, M., Clark, S.A., Clarke, D.T., Clarke, J.A., Codling, K., Cogdell, R., Connaughton, D., Connerade, J.P., Costello, J.T., Crapper, M.D., Creaser, C., Currell, F.J., Davies, P.B., de Jong, M., Dessent, C., Dhanak, V.R., Dobson, D.M., Dobson, P.J., Doig, A.J., Donovan, R.J., Dumas, P., Dunn, K., Dutuit, O., Dyke, J.M., Eastham, D.A., Egdell, R.G., Eland, J.H.D., Emerson, D.R., Eriksson, M., Erman, P., Evans, A., Evans, H., Evans, S., Field, T., Fielding, H., Fisher, A., Flavell, W.R., Ford, R., Frasinski, L.J., Freeman, N., Galayda, J.N., Gardner, P., Garside, J., Gay, N.J., Gejo, T., George, M., Gray, M.D., Greenshaw, T.J., Greig, D., Halsall, M.P., Hamilton, B., Harrison, N.M., Hasnain, S.S., Hatherly, P.A., Heathcote, P., Helliwell, J.R., Henderson, C.M.B, Hepburn, J., Hill, J., Hirst, G., Hirst, J.D., Holland, D.M.P., Horn, A.B., Horton, P., Hunt, M.R.C., Hutchinson, H., Inglesfield, J.E., Ivanov, V.K., Johnson, C.A.F., Johnson, L.N., Jones, D., Jones, F.H., Jones, G.R., Jones, L., Kadodwala, M., Karlsson, L., Kennedy, E.T., King, G.C., King, M.R.F., Kirkman, I.W., Kleese, K., Knight, P.L., Kylstra, N., Larkins, F.P., Latimer, C., Lawley, K.P., Leggett, G.J., Lewis, R.A., Lindsey, K., Lu, J.R., Lyng, F.M., Macdonald, M.A., Malins, A., Marangos, J.P., Margaritondo, G., Marsi, M., Marston, G., Martin, S.R., Martin-Fernandez, M.L., Mason, N.J., Matthew, J.A.D., McCoustra, M.R.S., McGilp, J., McGovern, I.T., McGrath, R., Meldrum, R.A., Meyer, M., Millar, T.J., Mitchell, D., Møller, S.P., Molster, F.J., Moriarty, P., Morin, P., Munro, I.H., Murdin, B.N., Nahon, L., Newell, W.R., Noble, C.J., Nordgren, E.J., Norman, P.R., O'Brien, P., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, P., Owen, H., Pain, R., Papiz, M., Parker, A., Parker, J., Parr, A., Pattrick, R., Pemble, M.E., Picardo, M., Pidgeon, C.R., Pinheiro, T.J.T., Poliakoff, E.D., Poole, M.W., Potts, A., Potvliege, R., Powis, I., Price, S.D., Quinn, F.M., Radford, S., Rachlew-Källne, E., Raval, R., Read, F.H., Reddish, T.J., Ridley, P.A., Roberts, G., Russell, A.E., Ryan, A.J., Sapelkin, A., Sato, S., Schneider, A., Seddon, E.A., Shaw, E.A., Shen, T., Sherwood, P., Šiller, L., Smith, A.D., Smith, D.A., Smith, I., Smith, S.L., Snowdon, K., Softley, T.P., Sokell, E., Southworth, S.H., Srivistava, G.P., Stankiewicz, M., Sule-Suso, J., Sutherland, J.C., Surman, M., Svensson, S., Taylor, A.O., Temmerman, W.M., Thomas, A., Tiddy, G.J., Tobin, M., Towns-Andrews, Elizabeth, Towrie, M., Truscott, G., Tuckett, R.P., Turner, Tracy, Twigg, M.V., Vagdama, P., van der Hart, H.W., Volk, M., Vrakkring, M.J.J., Walker, I.C., Wander, A., Wasserman, S.P., Watanabe, M., Weightman, P., Welton, T., West, J.B., Wharton, C.W., Whitehead, J.C., Williams, G.P., Winick, H., Withnall, R., Woodruff, D.P., and Zayats, A.

Subjects
Q1
Published
2001

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