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Micropachyiulus pygmaeus (Attems, 1904) Pachyiulus (Hylopachyiulus) pygmaeus Attems, 1904: 183–184, figs 23, 24 Micropachyiulus pygmaens (sic!): Verhoeff (1907: 460) Micropachyiulus (Micropachyiulus) pygmaeus: Verhoeff (1907: 461) Hylopachyiulus pygmaeus: Attems (1926a: 258); Antić et al. (2018: 234, figs 6–8E, F) Hylopachyiulus corylorum: Strasser (1966: 44) (synonymization) Hylopachyiulus likanus: Strasser (1966: 44) (synonymization) Diagnosis. A species of Micropachyiulus without ommatidia. Differs from all congeners by a relatively welldifferentiated mesomeral process being clearly divided from the opisthomere in its distal half, vs. the mesomeral process being mostly fused to the opisthomere, with only a small freely protruding apical part in the remaining species. Otherwise very similar to Micropachyiulus corylorum, Micropachyiulus ocellatus comb. nov. and Micropachyiulus paucioculatus in terms of gonopod conformation, and especially in the shape of the solenomere which ends up with a minute, transversely oriented apical projection. Differs easily from M. ocellatus comb. nov. by a long and pointed (vs. short and blunt) epiproct, and from M. paucioculatus —by a much shorter solenomere (subequal to tip of mesomeral process and apical margin of posterior lamella, vs. considerably overreaching both of them). Differs from M. corylorum, by a slender and straight (vs. stout and bent ventrad) epiproct and by details of the opisthomere: absence of a rod-like process next to the solenomere and solenomere and mesomeral process subequal in height (vs. solenomere considerably overreaching tip of mesomeral process). Distribution (Fig. 14, cyan circle). Bosnia and Herzegovina: Banja Luka (type locality)., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Evsyukov, Aleksandr P., Chumachenko, Yuri A. & Zabiyaka, Igor Y., 2023, A review of the genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 and description of the related Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Pachyiulini), pp. 221-246 in Zootaxa 5239 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7624205, {"references":["Attems, C. (1904) Neue palaearktische Myriopoden nebst Beitragen zur Kenntnis einiger alten Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 70 (1), 179 - 196.","Verhoeff, K. W. (1907) (for 1908) Uber Diplopoden. 10 (30) Aufsatz: Zur Kenntnis der Juliden und uber einige Polydesmiden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 73 (1), 423 - 474.","Attems, C. (1926 a) Etude sur les Myriopodes recueillis par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville pendant son voyage zoologique en Syrie (Avril-Juin 1908). Voyage zoologique d' Henri Gadeau de Kerville en Syrie, 1, 221 - 266. [Rouen]","Antic, D. Z., Rada, T. & Akkari, N. (2018) Revision of the genus Hylopachyiulus Attems, 1904, with a description of a new species from Croatia (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). Zootaxa, 4531 (2), 225 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4531.2.4","Strasser, K. (1966) Die Diplopoden Sloweniens. Kacice (Diplopoda) Slovenije. Porocila (Acta carsologica), 4, 159 - 220."]}

Armeniopachyiulus pokr gen. et sp. nov. Figs 11–13 Material examined (ZMUM). Holotype: ♂ (in two pieces with dissected gonopods), Lesser Caucasus, Armenia, W of Shamshadyn, halfway between Ijevan & Berd, 1500–1600 m, Fagus, Carpinus, Acer etc. forest, in litter and under bark, 26–27.V.1987, S. Golovatch & K. Eskov leg.; Paratypes: 1 ♂ (in two pieces with dissected gonopods), 1 ♀ (unbroken), same collecting data as for holotype; 1 ♂ (gnathochilarium, antennae, gonopods, flanges of pleurotergum 7, leg pairs 1 & 2, leg 3, and most of trunk prepared for SEM), SW of Shnogh, halfway between Alaverdi & Bagratashen, Carpinus forest, litter, 24. V.1987, S. Golovatch & K. Eskov leg.; 1 ♂ (in 2 pieces, with dissected gonopods, left opisthomere damaged, left promere accidentally lost), 1 ♀ (in 2 pieces, leg pair 2 with vulvae dissected), Armenia, Yeghegnut, ca 20 km N of Kirovakan [Vanadzor], 1200–1250 m a.s.l., Quercus, Carpinus, Acer etc. forest, 23. V.1987, S. Golovatch & K. Eskov leg. Etymology. From the Armenian word for ‘small’, ‘petty’, ‘minute’, after the size of this new species. Description. Measurements: Holotype with BRF 36 + 3 + T, L = 8.2 mm, H = 0.6 mm; paratype ♂♂ with BRF 35–40 + 1–3 + T, L = 8.4–8.5 mm, H = 0.45–0.55 mm; paratype ♀♀ with BRF 40–43 + 1–3 + T, L = 9–10 mm, H = 0.51–0.56 mm. Colouration (after more than 30 years of ethanol conservation) (Fig. 11): mostly pallid, with traces of darker transverse stripes above ozopore level and brownish tinges at paraprocts. Head (in Fig. 11A): With 3–5 pigmented ommatidia on each side. Vertigial, supralabral and labral setae: 2, 4 and 14, respectively.Antennae (Fig. 12A) 1.45 times as long as head in males and 1.3 times in females; antennomere 2 = 5> 3 = 4> 6; 5 ca 1.5 times as long as broad and ca 1.7 times as broad as 2; 5 and 6 with a row of several sensilla basiconica dorsolaterally at distal margins, those on 5 of similar size as the four apical sensilla, those on 6 considerably smaller. Mandibular stipites in males not expanded. Labrum tridentate. Gnathochilarium (Fig. 12B) with 4 instead of 3 distal setae on each stipes (the latter being the normal state in Julidae), basal part of stipites non-setose, stipital palps relatively small; promentum rather small, dividing lamellae linguales by ca 2/5 of their length, the latter each bearing three setae in a row. Trunk and legs: Collum mostly smooth, with only several short and fine striae near posterolateral corner. Body rings considerably vaulted. Prozonae almost completely smooth, with only a few sparse and very shallow longitudinal striae. Metazonae shallowly and discontinuously striated; metazonal margins with a whorl of 20–25 erect setae, these being 0.2 (females) or 0.25 (males) times as long as H. Ozopores set closely behind pro-metazonal suture— either touching it or at a distance of less than 1x their diameter. Walking legs relatively short: ML ca 0.7 times as long as H in males and ca 0.6 times in females. Tarsus of ML ca 1.5 as long as tibia and ca 2.5 times as long as apical claw. Legs 1 (in females), 2 and 3 (Fig. 12D, E) with an accessory claw, following legs without. Telson (in Fig. 11B): Pre-anal ring rather densely covered with long setae. Epiproct slightly bent ventrad, proximally roof-like, distally forming a slender, sharply pointed, hyaline tip reaching level of tip of paraproctal setae. Hypoproct broadly rounded, not protruding beyond hind contour of paraprocts in both sexes, ventrally with two median submarginal setae. Paraprocts moderately densely setose, without distinct row of shorter setae along posterior margins. Male sexual characters: Legs 1 (Fig. 12C) 3-segmented, compact hooks oriented mesad; tibial outgrowth rather long and slender, tarsal remnant indistinct; the distal podomere baso-mesally with a verrucose hump (h). Legs 2 (Fig. 12D) significantly ticker and slightly longer than following legs; adhesive pads absent from all legs. Flanges of pleurotergum 7 (Fig. 12F) gradually narrowing, ending with a small, rounded lobe, directed fronto-ventrad. Penis very small, weakly chitinized, hidden deeply in its sac above coxae 2, with short and broad, well-divided apical lobes. Gonopods (Fig. 13A–E) in situ mostly concealed in gonopodal sinus, only tips of promeres visible on the outside. Promere (Fig. 13A) slender, somewhat higher than opisthomere, sigmoid in both anterior-posterior and lateral-mesal views, gradually narrowing towards a rounded apex directed somewhat mesad; posterior surface with a well-developed mesal ridge (mr) reaching to ca promere mid-height, a very small lateral ridge (lr), and a long, arched distal ridge (dr) bearing 2–3 dense rows of denticles; a broad and deep median groove (mg) between mesal and lateral ridges. Opisthomere (Fig. 13B–E) rather stout; mesomeral process (m) mostly fused to the solenomere, with a bulging basal part being reciprocal to the median groove of the promere, distally free, directed partly anteriad, apically finely and irregularly branched; posterior lamella (l) well-developed, thick, expanding mesad, mostly concealing solenomere from mesal view, meso-apically forming a groove surrounded by short fringes; solenomere (s) simple, meso-laterally flattened, bent frontad, apically forming a fovea (fo). Female sexual characters: Legs 1 significantly, legs 2 slightly ticker than leg-pair 3 and following pairs. Vulva (Figs 13F) cylindrical, mostly symmetrical; the two bursal valves separated only apically by a small, oval median cleft (mc), this being surrounded by a broad median field (mf); operculum (op) slightly higher than bursa, both bursa and operculum ending with large ear-like hyaline protrusions; only 2 pairs of setae distally on bursa, operculum nonsetose. RS composed of a long and mostly straight central tube (ct), slightly enlarged at bottom, and a long, narrow and folded posterior tube (pt) leading to a small piriform posterior ampulla (pa). Distribution (Fig. 14, yellow squares). Armenia: Armenian Lesser Caucasus (type locality).

Micropachyiulus caucasicus sp. nov. Figs 1D, E, 5–7 Material examined (ZMUM). Holotype: ♂, Russia, Krasnodar Province, Khosta, Caucasian Nature Reserve, Taxus & Buxus grove, soil (0–15 cm), 25.III.2016, Y. Chumachenko leg. Paratypes: 5 ♂♂ (two unbroken, three in 2 or more pieces; head, leg-pair 1 and gonopods of one prepared for SEM; head, gonopods and most of body of another prepared for SEM), 9 ♀♀ (7 unbroken, one in 3 pieces, another in 2 pieces, both with dissected vulvae), same collecting data as for holotype. Diagnosis. A species of Micropachyiulus with ommatidia. Most similar to Micropachyiulus filiformis sp. nov., both being characterized by a very long and thin solenomere of the opisthomere, without apical bulge or projection, a minute, spike-like outgrowth of the mesomeral process, and an opisthomeral posterior lamella expanding in a mesal ridge partly concealing the distal section of the sperm channel. Differs from M. filiformis sp. nov. by a bulging vs. flat anterior surface of the opisthomere, by the posterior lamella being smooth vs. overgrown with setiform filaments, by the promere gradually narrowing towards apex, vs. abruptly constricting in the middle, by the longer and more roughly serrated distal ridge of the latter, as well as by the shape of male legs 1: without tarsal remnants vs. the latter present as micropapillate bulges, and with slender vs. broad, flattened tibial outgrowths. Also resembles M. paucioculatus by the very long solenomere of the opisthomere, but differs clearly from it by the solenomere lacking an apical bulge or projection and by the minute, spike-like (vs. well-developed, slender) outgrowth of the mesomeral process. Etymology. After its provenance from the Caucasus region. Adjective. Description. Measurements: Holotype with BRF 40 + 1 + T, L = 7 mm, H = 0.55 mm; paratype ♂♂ with BRF 35–39 + 1–2 + T, L = 6–7 mm, H = 0.47–0.5 mm; paratype ♀♀ with BRF 33–42 + 1–3 + T, L = 5–9 mm, H = 0.5–0.52 mm. Colouration (after several years in ethanol) (Fig. 1D, E): mostly yellowish-beige, prozonae dorso-laterally light brown. Head (Fig. 5B): With 3–5 pigmented ommatidia arranged in one or two rows on each side. Vertigial, supralabral and labral setae: 2, 4 and 13–14, respectively. Antennae (Fig. 5A) 1.5 times as long as head in males and 1.4 times in females; antennomere 5 ≥ 2> 4> 3> 6; 5 ca 1.5 times as long as broad and ca 1.6 times as broad as 2; size and distribution of sensilla as in M. paucioculatus. Mandibular stipites in males not expanded. Labrum tridentate. Gnathochilarium with 3 long distal setae on each stipes, proximal parts completely non-setose, stipital palps as in M. paucioculatus; promentum rather small, separating lamellae linguales in ca their proximal 1/3, the latter each bearing three more or less equally spaced setae in a row. Trunk and legs: Collum completely smooth. Body rings (Fig. 5C) insignificantly vaulted. Prozonae completely smooth, except for their anteriormost sections (normally covered by the preceding ring’s metazona) having finely reticulated texture. Metazonae shallowly and rather sparsely striated, striation becoming deeper and denser ventrally, dorsally and laterally not crossing entire length of metazona; metazonal setae rather short, mostly fallen off. Ozopores (oz in Fig. 5C) set tightly behind pro-metazonal suture in more anterior rings, and somewhat further back (up to 2 x their diameter) in more posterior rings. Walking legs relatively short: ML ca 0.7 times as long as H in males and 0.6 times in females. Tarsus of ML ca 1.5 times as long as tibia and ca 2.3 times as long as apical claw. Accessory claws absent from all legs in both sexes. Telson: Pre-anal ring sparsely but evenly covered with long setae. Epiproct relatively long (nearly reaching level of tip of longest paraproctal setae), straight to slightly bent ventrad, wedge-like, ending with a fine, sharply pointed hyaline tip (often broken off). Hypoproct of same shape as in M. paucioculatus; ventrally with two submarginal setae. Pilosity on paraprocts of moderate density, without distinct row of shorter setae along posterior margins. Male sexual characters: Legs 1 (Fig. 5D) 3-segmented hooks oriented (almost) completely mesad, and (sometimes) slightly anteriad; tibial outgrowth rather slender, tarsal remnant indistinct or absent; the distal podomere baso-mesally with a verrucose hump (h). Leg-pair 2 (Fig. 7A) considerably ticker and slightly longer than following legs. Ventral adhesive pads altogether absent. Flanges of pleurotergum 7 (Fig. 7C) ventrally forming rather narrow shovel-like lobes originating at the border zone between pro- and metazona, directed ventro-mesad. Gonopods (Figs 6, 7D) in situ mostly concealed in gonopodal sinus. Promere (Fig. 6B and P in Figs 6A, D, 7D) relatively slender, slightly overreaching opisthomere, gently sigmoid in anterior or posterior views, gradually narrowing towards a rounded apex directed somewhat mesad; mesal ridge (mr) well-developed, roughly pyramidal, with a pointed tip, mesally bearing several very short setiform filaments; lateral ridge (lr) short and rather weakly pronounced; distal ridge (dr) large and strongly pronounced, marginally densely denticulate; median groove indistinct. Opisthomere (Fig. 6C, E, and O in Figs 6A, D, 7D) stouter than in M. paucioculatus, very slightly sigmoid in lateral and mesal views, antero-basally somewhat bulging; mesomeral process (m) weakly pronounced, lamellar, completely undivided from the opisthomere, apically forming a minute spike-like outgrowth (mp) directed anteriad or baso-anteriad; posterior lamella (l) well-developed, expanding in a large mesal crest concealing distal section of sperm channel (sc); setiform filaments absent; solenomere (s) long and very fine, thread-like/flagelliform. Female sexual characters: Leg-pairs 1 (significantly) and 2 (slightly) ticker and somewhat shorter than following pairs. Vulva (Fig. 7E) stout, somewhat compressed on sides, roughly conical in side view; median field (mf) deeply concave, elongate, extending proximally to almost mid-height of bursa; operculum (op) higher than bursa, broad, with a concave apical margin, apical corners extended into hyaline protrusions, mesal one larger than lateral one; two smaller and tapering protrusions present apically on bursa; each bursal valve bearing two distal setae, operculum non-setose. RS composed of a narrow, somewhat folded central tube (ct) ending in an ovoid central ampulla (ca), and a posterior tube (pt) of similar length and gauge as the central tube, ending in a piriform posterior ampulla (pa) of similar size as the central one. Distribution (Fig. 14, purple circle). Russia: Krasnodar Province: Caucasian Nature Reserve (type locality)., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Evsyukov, Aleksandr P., Chumachenko, Yuri A. & Zabiyaka, Igor Y., 2023, A review of the genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 and description of the related Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Pachyiulini), pp. 221-246 in Zootaxa 5239 (2) on pages 231-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7624205

Genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899: 184 (described as a subgenus of Pachyiulus Berlese, 1886). Hylopachyiulus Attems, 1904: 183 (described as a subgenus of Pachyiulus Berlese, 1886), syn. nov. Type species: Pachyiulus (Micropachyiulus) paucioculatus Verhoeff, 1899, by monotypy., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Evsyukov, Aleksandr P., Chumachenko, Yuri A. & Zabiyaka, Igor Y., 2023, A review of the genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 and description of the related Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Pachyiulini), pp. 221-246 in Zootaxa 5239 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7624205, {"references":["Verhoeff, C. (1899) Beitrage zur Kenntniss palaarktischer Myriopoden. IX. Aufsatz: Zur Systematik, Phylogenie und vergleichenden Morphologie der Juliden und uber einige andere Diplopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 65 (1), 183 - 230.","Berlese, A. (1886) Julidi del Museo di Firenze. Contributo alla fauna miriapodologica Italiana. Bollettino della Societa entomologica Italiana, 18, 1 - 112.","Attems, C. (1904) Neue palaearktische Myriopoden nebst Beitragen zur Kenntnis einiger alten Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 70 (1), 179 - 196."]}

Micropachyiulus ocellatus (Antić & Akkari, 2018), comb. nov. Hylopachyiulus ocellatus Antić & Akkari, 2018 (in Antić et al. 2018): 231–234, figs 4, 5, 8C, D. Diagnosis. A species of Micropachyiulus (always?) with ommatidia. Very similar to Micropachyiulus corylorum, Micropachyiulus pygmaeus, and Micropachyiulus paucioculatus in terms of gonopod conformation, and especially in the shape of the solenomere which ends up with a minute, transversely oriented apical projection. Clearly distinguishable from all these species by the very short and blunt (vs. long and pointed) epiproct. Differs further from M. corylorum by the absence of a rod-like process next to the solenomere; from M. pygmaeus by the solenomere considerably overreaching the mesomeral process, rather than the two being subequal in height; and from M. paucioculatus by a thicker, apically fimbriate rather than smooth posterior lamella of the opisthomere, a much shorter (barely vs. considerably overreaching apical part of posterior lamella) solenomere and a stouter apical outgrowth of the mesomeral process, oriented considerably more anteriad rather than being mostly parallel to the main axis of the opisthomere. Distribution (Fig. 14, pink circles). Croatia: Dicmo (type locality). Austria: Vienna, Grinzing (D. Antić and J. Gruber, pers. comm.). Remarks. According to fig. 5A in Antić et al. (2018), males of M. ocellatus comb. nov. have humps basomesally on the distal podomere of legs 1, like those observed in other species of the genus (see below). According to unpublished observations of Jürgen Gruber (formerly in NHMW) based on numerous individuals from Grinzing, most adults have 1–4 ommatidia on each side of the head, while some seem to lack ommatidia altogether. However, the latter condition might be a false impression caused by the absence of pigmentation from the ommatidia, which is quite common in this species. Additional careful observations are needed to either confirm or reject the existence of an anophtalmous form of M. ocellatus comb. nov.. Considering the high level of endemism within Micropachyiulus and the more than 500 km in a straight line between the type locality of M. ocellatus comb. nov. and Vienna, the latter record is almost certainly a case of human introduction.

Micropachyiulus filiformis sp. nov. Figs 1B, C, 8–10 Material examined. Holotype: ♂ (in 2 pieces, gonopods in microtube) (NMNHS), Romania, Oltenia, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Căpătânii Mts, Mt Stogu, 45.2754°N, 24.1330°E, 1080 m a.s.l., Corylus, Fagus, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus, Abies, Parietaria etc., in thick leaf litter, 01.XI.2021, H. Reip, K. Voigtländer, D. Antić, D. Stojanović, and B. Vagalinski leg. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (in 4 pieces, head plus collum, leg-pair 1 and gonopods prepared for SEM, leg pair 2, right leg 3, and right flange of pleurotergum 7 in microtube), 4 (supposedly) adult ♀♀ (one in two pieces with left vulva in microtube, the others unbroken), 1 subadult female (in head plus collum and rest of body) (NMNHS), same collecting data as for holotype; 1 ♂ (unbroken), 2 ♀♀ (unbroken) (NHMW MY 10326), same data as for holotype. Diagnosis. A species of Micropachyiulus with ommatidia. Most similar to Micropachyiulus caucasicus sp. nov., both being characterized by a very long and thin solenomere of the opisthomere, without apical bulge or projection, a minute, spike-like outgrowth of the mesomeral process, and an opisthomeral posterior lamella expanding in a mesal ridge partly concealing the distal section of the sperm channel. Differs from M. caucasicus sp. nov. by a flat vs. bulging anterior surface of the opisthomere, by the posterior lamella being overgrown with seti-/spiniform filaments, vs. same being smooth, by the promere being abruptly constricted in the middle, vs. same gradually narrowing towards apex, by the shorter and more finely serrated distal ridge of the latter, as well as by the shape of male leg-pair 1: tarsal remnants present as micropapillate bulges, vs. the latter absent, and with broad and flattened vs. slender tibial outgrowths. Also resembles M. paucioculatus by the very long solenomere of the opisthomere, but differs clearly from it by the solenomere lacking an apical bulge or projection and by the minute, spike-like (vs. well-developed, slender) outgrowth of the mesomeral process. Etymology. Meaning ‘thread-like’ in Latin, after the long and very fine solenomere, characteristic of this new species. Adjective. Description. Measurements: holotype with BRF 44 + 2 + T, L = 8.6 mm, H = 0.5 mm; paratype ♂♂ with BRF 38 + 3 + T, L = 6.7 mm, H = 0.45 mm, and BRF 46 + 1 + T, H = 0.53 mm, L impossible to be accurately measured due to the strongly coiled body; paratype ♀♀ with BRF 36–48 + 1–3 + T, L = 8.3–10.6 mm, H = 0.58–0.65 mm. Colouration: Beige to brown in ethanol; living specimens (Fig. 1B, C) whitish to very light grey-beige; the gut partly visible by transparency, the orange to light red repugnatorial glands clearly visible under the cuticle. Head (Fig. 8A): With 2–5 pigmented ommatidia arranged in one or two rows on each side. Vertigial, supralabral and labral setae: 2, 4 and 13–16, respectively. Antennae (Fig. 8B) ca 1.35 times as long as head in males and ca 1.25 times in females; antennomere 5 ≥ 2> 4 ≥ 3> 6; 5 ca 1.6 times as long as broad and 1.8–9 times as broad as 2; sensilla basiconica of similar conformation as in M. paucioculatus, but with a denser whorl of better developed sensilla on antenomere 7. Mandibular stipites in males not expanded. Labrum tridentate. Gnathochilarium with 3 (usually) or 4 (in some specimens) distal setae and with a very short medial seta on each stipes; stipital palps as in M. paucioculatus; promentum as in M. paucioculatus, but setae on lingual lamella clearly grouped in 2 proximal and 1 distal seta rather than nearly equally spaced. Trunk and legs: Walking legs (Fig. 10A, B) relatively short: ML 0.65–0.7 times as long as H in males and 0.45–0.55 times in females. Tarsus of ML ca 1.3–1.45 times as long as tibia and ca 2–2.5 times as long as apical claw. Accessory claws absent from all legs in both sexes. Telson: Pre-anal ring evenly and rather densely setose. Epiproct long (usually somewhat exceeding, rarely reaching level of tip of longest paraproctal setae), gradually bent ventrad, ending with a pointed hyaline tip. Other trunk and leg characters as in M. paucioculatus. Male sexual characters: Leg-pair 1 (Fig. 8C, D) 3-segmented hooks oriented mostly mesad and slightly anteriad; tibial outgrowth rounded, dorso-ventrally flattened, tarsal remnant present as a massive, micropapillate bulge; the distal podomere with a verrucose hump (h) basally on mesal side. Legs 2 (Fig. 10A) slightly thicker and ca as thick as following legs. Ventral adhesive pads altogether absent. Flanges of pleurotergum 7 (Fig. 10C) ventrally forming rather narrow, rounded lobes originating at the border zone between pro- and metazona, directed ventro-mesad. Gonopods (Figs 9, 10D) in situ mostly concealed in gonopodal sinus. Promere (Fig. 9B, C and P in Figs 9A, 10D) slender, somewhat overreaching opisthomere, similar in shape to that in M. paucioculatus, but more spoonshaped, i.e. lateral margin sharply incised in the middle, then going gradually convex until the narrowly rounded apex; mesal (mr) and lateral (lr) ridges short and rather weakly pronounced, distal ridge (dr) well-pronounced, marginally finely serrated; a rather shallow median groove (mg) between mesal and lateral ridges. Opisthomere (Fig. 9D–F and O in Figs 9A, 10D) relatively slender, but somewhat stouter than in M. paucioculatus, more or less straight rather than sigmoid in lateral or mesal view; mesomeral process (m) completely vestigial, present as a weakly pronounced lamella, distally forming a minute, pointed outgrowth (mp) directed anteriad; posterior lamella (l) well-developed, expanding in a mesal crest concealing apical section of sperm channel (sc); its mesal side and the area between the lamella and the sperm channel with numerous setiform filaments (sf), these being much shorter than in M. paucioculatus; solenomere (s) very long and fine, thread-like, more or less bent or coiled anteriad. Female sexual characters: Leg-pairs 1 considerably, 2 slightly, ticker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 10E) stout, slightly compressed on sides; median cleft positioned sub-apically, surrounded by a narrow oval median field (mf); operculum (op) slightly higher than bursa, apically concave, ending up with a blunt hyaline protrusion on each side; two smaller and tapering protrusions present apically on bursa; each bursal valve bearing three vertically arranged setae, operculum non-setose. RS composed of a very thin and not too long central tube (ct) leading to a distinct, nearly spherical, central ampulla (ca), and a somewhat thicker and more strongly curved posterior tube (pt) ending in an ovoid posterior ampulla (pa). Distribution (Fig. 14, red circle). Romania: South Carpathians: Căpătânii Mts: Mt Stogu (type locality)., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Evsyukov, Aleksandr P., Chumachenko, Yuri A. & Zabiyaka, Igor Y., 2023, A review of the genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 and description of the related Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Pachyiulini), pp. 221-246 in Zootaxa 5239 (2) on pages 235-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7624205

Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. Type species. Armeniopachyiulus pokr gen. et sp. nov. , by present designation Included species. The new genus is monospecific. Diagnosis. A genus of the tribe Pachyiulini being most similar to Micropachyiulus in both external and gonopod morphology: Body very small (L typically less than 13 mm, H less than 0.8 mm); with vertigial and metazonal setae; pre-anal ring with an epiproct; mandibular stipites in males not expanded; promere with a rather short mesal ridge and an elongated, microdentate/spinulate, distal ridge; opisthomere with a well-developed posterior lamella and a rather weakly differentiated mesomeral process. Differs from Micropachyiulus mainly by the structure of the opisthomere which lacks a distinct solenomeral process, but possesses an apical fovea, while it possesses a slender solenomeral process apically, but lacks apical fovea in the latter genus. Etymology. Derived from Armenia, the terra typica, and Pachyiulus, the type genus of the tribe Pachyiulini. Masculine., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Evsyukov, Aleksandr P., Chumachenko, Yuri A. & Zabiyaka, Igor Y., 2023, A review of the genus Micropachyiulus Verhoeff, 1899 and description of the related Armeniopachyiulus gen. nov. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae: Pachyiulini), pp. 221-246 in Zootaxa 5239 (2) on pages 239-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7624205

Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov. Figs 1–3, 13 Typhloiulus ausugi fimbriatus Strasser, 1971a: 13–14, fig. 14. Typhloiulus ausugi fimbriatus – Minelli 1985: 10. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 336–337. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with modified mouthparts. Differs from its most similar congener, S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov., by gonopod details, viz. both promere and mesomere being apically bent frontad rather than turned towards one another, velum being marginally serrated all along rather than having a smooth anterior margin; by the more pronounced posterior part of pleurotergal flange 7 in males; by the vulval operculum being concave rather than convex, exceeding bursa by ca ¼ rather than 2 ⁄ 5 of total height of vulva; by the presence of a small, roundish anterior lobe on ventral margin of body ring 3 in females, vs ventral margin of body ring 3 in females being almost entirely subtriangular in S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov., and by the somewhat longer epiproct. Material examined Holotype ITALY • ♂; slide preparation plus ethanol sample; Friuli-Venezia Giulia, San Pietro al Natisone, Grotta [cave] di San Giovanni d’Antro; slide no. 1003: gonopods, antennae, leg-pairs 1, 2, 3, 7, penis, gnathochilarium, flanges of pleurotergum 7; ethanol sample: broken in six pieces; MHNG-ARTO-26720. Other material ITALY • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Prestento di Torreano, Foran di Landri Cave (11 / 46FR); 10 Jul. 2019; G. Canciani and M. Colautti leg.; IBER • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IZB • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; NHMD. Comment Since the original description was based upon one male which was not designated by Strasser (1971a) as holotype, we here consider that male as a holotype fixed by monotypy, in order to stabilize the nomenclature of the species under Article 73.1.2 of the ICZN. Redescription SIZE AND NUMBER OF BODY RINGS. Non-type ♂♂ with BRF 26–31 +0–1 +T, L = 14–20 mm, H = 1.1– 1.25 mm; non-type ♀♀ with BRF 28–32 +0–1 +T, L = 16–21 mm, H = 1.3–1.6 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 1A–B, E–G). Generally brown-beige; metazonae with a narrow transverse dark brown band before their last third, the band gradually narrowing ventrally. EXTERNAL STRUCTURES. Head with 2 vertigial, 2+2 supralabral and 16–18 labral setae. Antennae (Fig. 1B) 2.3 times as long as head and 2.3–2.4 times as long as H in males, and 2 times and 1.85–1.9 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 3.12–3.15 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2–5 subequal in length, 1.3–1.6 times as long as 6. Antennomeres V and VI each with a terminal corolla of large sensilla basiconica bacilliformia; antennomere VII with a terminal corolla of small sensilla basiconica bacilliformia. MOUTHPARTS (Figs 1C–D, H, 2A–B). With moderate hydrophilous modifications (sensu Enghoff 1985): Labrum either edentate (Fig. 1D) or with three well-developed labral teeth (Fig. 1C). Gnathochilarium (Fig. 2A) rather short and distally markedly broad, with the 3 long distal setae on each stipes usual for the family, stipites medially each with 4–10 short setae arranged longitudinally, stipital palps conspicuously large; promentum large (pm), completely separating lingual lamellae, the latter each with 2–3 proximal and 1 distal seta. Gnathal lobes of mandibles (Fig. 2B) with the external (et) and the internal tooth (it) slightly to moderately reduced; molar plate (mp) relatively small (but larger compared to that in S. ausugi comb. nov.); the four pectinate lamellae (pl) consisting of slender and very densely set teeth. Hypopharynx distally densely ciliate, posterior node reduced, with roundish posterior margin (Fig. 1H). COLLUM. Entirely smooth, its frontolateral margin bent outwards. Body rings considerably vaulted. Prozonae smooth. Metazonae with well-developed striation only ventrally, dorsally and laterally with faint and short striae only in anterior parts; setae ca 20% of H (Fig. 1F), arranged in moderately dense whorl. Ozopores very small, placed behind pro-metazonal suture at ca 2 ⁄ 5 of metazonal length measured from front to back. Tarsus of mid-body legs 2.2–2.4 times as long as tibia and 2.8–3.7 times as long as apical claw; accessory claw absent. Mid-body legs 1.5–1.6 times as long as H in males, 1.4 times in females. TELSON (Fig. 1G). Epiproct short and stout, straight all along, ending with a short hyaline tip turned more or less dorsad, barely protruding behind caudal contour of paraprocts. Hypoproct broadly rounded, tightly fitting under paraprocts, with rather evenly setose ventral face. Paraprocts densely covered with long setae, without distinct rows of shorter setae along caudal margins. MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pair 1 (Fig. 3A) rather slender hooks oriented towards one another; with three complete and another one or two faintly indicated segments; with apically densely microdentate tibial outgrowths, and without or with barely visible tarsal remnants. Legs of more anterior body rings with an adhesive pad on tibia, most pronounced in leg-pair 2, gradually diminishing in caudal direction, completely disappearing around mid-body; tibia and femora without modifications. Pleurotergum 7 (Fig. 1E) caudo-ventrally forming small rounded lobes directed caudad. Penis (Fig. 3B) long, in situ visible behind coxae 2, slender hourglass shaped: broadest at base, narrowing until the middle, then slightly widening again, ending with short, diverging, apical lobes bearing fine, blunt, terminal lamellae. GONOPODS (Figs 1B, 2C–E, 3C). In situ obliquely protruding from gonopodal sinus with their distal parts (Fig. 1B). Promere (Fig. 2C, p in Fig. 3C) somewhat higher than mesomere, both being significantly surpassed by the opisthomere. Promere stout, oar-shaped (broadest apically), forming a near rightangled meso-apical corner and a broadly rounded latero-apical corner; apical margin bent somewhat frontad; caudal face distally densely microsquamose, basally with an internal and an external lobe, both being short and robust, partly fused to one another. Mesomere (Fig. 2D, m in Fig. 3C) narrow spoon-like, with the apex turned meso-frontad; caudal face distally deeply concave and sparsely microsquamose. Opisthomere (Figs 2E, 3C) markedly slender, with a distinct, obtuse posterior hump (ph); velum (v) pointing distad, both its frontal and caudal margin apically deeply serrated; solenomere with a slender posterior branch (pb) bent caudad, ending with several long ciliae, anterior branch (ab) vestigial, barely protruding, mostly concealed between the velum and the posterior solenomeral branch, densely ciliate; with 2 or 3 fine distal setiform filaments (sf), and sometimes with a variously developed basal spine (bs) at flagellum channel (fc). FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 visibly shorter, 1 also thicker, than following legs. Ventral margin of body ring 3 with roundish anterior lobe (Fig. 1I). Vulva (Fig. 3D) somewhat compressed in the sagittal plane, mostly symmetric: lateral side of operculum higher and apically more pointed than mesal one; each valve of bursa with one vertical row of setae; operculum (op) broad and thick, with a concave apical margin, exceeding bursa by ca ¼ of total height of vulva, medio-laterally with two longitudinal rows of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two short and narrow, somewhat folded tubes – a lateral (lt) and a mesal one (mt), both insignificantly widening towards bottom, not forming distinct ampullae. Distribution Known only from two caves in the Julian Alps in Italy, near the border with Slovenia (Fig. 13, yellow circles). Remark The new locality of S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., Cave Foran di Landri, is an active cave with a stream running through it year-round, flowing out of the entrance, after passing through a series of syphons (four discovered so far). All examined specimens were found right beyond the first two syphons, ca 40 meters from the entrance. This part of the cave includes a number of ponds, and it probably becomes completely flooded during rainy periods (Canciani 2019). Part of the individuals was observed moving on the surface of the ponds – a behaviour most likely associated with a filtrating rather than chewing feeding mode, in which small organic particles adhere to the fine and densely set teeth of the pectinate lamellae and to the cilia of the hypopharynx. The cave of San Giovanni d'Antro (the type locality) is of the same type as Foran di Landri, and Strasser (1971a) noted that it was occasionally flooded.

Stygiiulus ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov. Figs 10A, 11A, 13 Typhloiulus ausugi Manfredi, 1953b: 136–138, figs 1–2. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) ausugi – Strasser 1962: 11, 12, 18, 37, 38, figs 1–2, 8, 11h, 15, 41–44. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) ausugi ausugi – Strasser 1971a: 13. Typhloiulus ausugi ausugi – Minelli 1985: 9. Typhloiulus ausugi – Vagalinski et al. 2015: 336–337. Diagnosis One of the three species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with modified mouthparts, the other two being S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov. Differs from both mainly by the complete absence of posterior hump on opisthomere, the very large velum with minute fringes on posterodistal margin, and the anterior and posterior solenomeral branches both being very short, hardly distinguishable. Material examined ITALY – Trentino (Autonomous Province of Trento) • 1 ♂; topotype; Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Grigno, Grotta [Cave] della Bigonda (243 VT/TN); 450 m a.s.l.; 10 Mar. 1996; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD • 1 ♀; Grigno, Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (new record), a side branch of the waterfall; Dec. 1973; Ischia leg.; H. Enghoff det. 1984; A. Minelli ded. 1985; NHMD. Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 2–2.1 times as long as head and 1.7–1.75 times as long as H in males, and 1.7–1.8 times and ca 1.4 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 ca twice as long as broad; antennomeres 2, 3 and 4 subequal in length, ca 1.2 times as long as 5, and 1.7–1.8 times as long as 6; 6 visibly broader than 5, giving a clavate appearance of the antenna. MOUTHPARTS. With strong hydrophilous modifications (sensu Enghoff 1985): labrum edentate or with three minute, vestigial teeth. Gnathochilarium short and distally markedly broad, stipites with conspicuously large palps. Gnathal lobes of mandibles with the external and the internal tooth strongly reduced, both being distinct but very small and pointed, deeply hidden in the buccal cavity; molar plate much smaller than the normal julid condition; pectinate lamellae five instead of the usual four, consisting of very fine and densely set teeth. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. Ca 2.5 times as long as tibia and ca 5 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs ca 1.7 times as long as H in males and ca 1.4 times in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Legs 1 and 2 slightly shorter but not thicker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11A) symmetric; bursa very broad, strongly compressed in the sagittal plane; each valve of bursa with one vertical row of setae; operculum (op) distally bulging, with a distinct apical concavity, exceeding bursa by nearly ⅓ of total height of vulva, with just several setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two small tubes: a very fine, somewhat bent, mesal one (mt) ending in a small ovoid ampulla (ma), and a significantly broader, mostly straight, lateral one (lt), not forming ampulla at bottom. Distribution Prior to this study, the species was known only from its type locality – the Grotta della Bigonda – on the northern border of the central part of the Venetian Prealps. The new locality of this species – the Grotta del Calgeron – is located in the same area, some 20 km south of the type locality (Fig. 13, blue circles). Remarks Strasser (1971a) described two subspecies of ausugi, viz., fimbriatus and gentianae. Considering the gonopod conformations of the two latter forms, both of which differ significantly from S. ausugi comb. nov. and are instead much more similar to S. illyricus comb. nov., S. maximus comb. nov., S. montellensis comb. nov., and S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov., it becomes obvious that Strasser (1971a) treated the modified mouthparts as a taxonomic feature of primary importance, being unaware of the adaptive nature of such modifications, as revealed later by Enghoff (1985). Thus we here elevate fimbriatus and gentianae to the species level and describe both of them in detail below. In the Grotta della Bigonda, this species lives in sympatry with S. tobias comb. nov.

Stygiiulus maximus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov. Fig. 10D Mesoporoiulus maximu s Verhoeff, 1929: 19–20, fig. 2. Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) maximus – Verhoeff 1930: 9, 12–13, figs 1–2. — Manfredi 1932: 81. Typhloiulus (Mesoporoiulus) maximus – Pretner & Strasser 1931: 87. Typhloiulus maximus var. longicauda Strasser, 1962: 59–60, fig. 71. Typhloiulus maximus var. maximus – Strasser 1962: 59, fig. 72. Typhloiulus maximus – Attems 1949: 145. — Strasser 1971a: 14. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 342–343. not Typhloiulus tobias – Attems 1927: 250–251, figs 352–354. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Distinguishable from congeners by the combination of certain gonopodal characters (Fig. 10D), viz., a mostly straight pro- and mesomere, and an opisthomere with a faint and blunt posterior hump, a marginally broad (not tapering) and deeply serrated velum, and a solenomere with both the anterior and the posterior solenomeral branch being well developed and clearly discernible. Distribution This species has the widest distribution of all representatives of the genus Stygiiulus stat. nov. Known from numerous caves, as well as epigean habitats, ranging from the Julian Alps in the east, across the southern parts of the Carnic Alps Range, through the Venetian Prealps, all the way to the Piave River in the west (Fig. 13, pink squares). Remark Attems (1927: 250, 251, figs 352–354) gave a short description and drawings of what he thought was already described as S. tobias comb. nov. from Monte Cavallo (Lombardy). Just two/three years later, Verhoeff (1930) described another blind julid, S. maximus comb. nov., from a cave in the same area. What is evident from the gonopod drawings of both Attems and Verhoeff alone – that is that Attems’ (1927) record actually refers to S. maximus comb. nov. – was already confirmed by Strasser (1962: 60) based on re-examination of the specimens from Monte Cavallo.

Stygiiulus tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. Figs 10F, 11D, 13 Julus (Typhloiulus) Tobias Berlese, 1886: 98–99, tab. XIII, figs 20–23. Typhloiulus (Iulus, Mesoporoiulus) Tobia (tobias) – Manfredi 1932: 81. Typhloiulus tobias – Wolf 1934 –38: 516. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 345–346. Typhloiulis (sic!) tobias – Boldori 1936: 113. Typhloiulus Tobia (sic!) – Boldori 1937: 11. Typhloiulus (Mesoporoiulus) tobias – Verhoeff 1930: 16–17, fig. 3. — Strasser 1962: 38–39, figs 11f, 45–46. Typhloiulus Tobias – Conci 1951: 44. Typhloiulus tobias var. fuscus Manfredi, 1953a: 139. ? Typhloiulus tobias pygmaeus Manfredi, 1953b: 100. Typhloiulus tobias fuscus – Manfredi 1953b: 101. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Clearly distinguishable from congeners by the very distinctive structure of the opisthomere (Fig. 10F) including a right- to acute-angled posterior hump pointing distad, a large, (sometimes) bipartite velum (with a posteriorly positioned distal outgrowth (do), this being much less prominent than in S. insularis comb. nov. and S. seewaldi comb. nov.), with the main part being mostly smooth (barely serrated), and a solenomere distally forming a stout anterior and a much more slender posterior branch, both apically finely ciliate; some specimens with a minute third thumb-like branch basally to the posterior branch. In addition, this species (except for its dubious subspecies T. t. pygmaeus, see below) differs from all other Stygiiulus stat. nov. species by the presence of a very long and upwards curved epiproct. Material examined ITALY • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Veneto, Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Vastagna (VI), Grotta [cave] del Subiolo (135 V/VI); 169 m a.s.l.; 4 Mar. 1990; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD. Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 2.2–2.4 times as long as head and 1.65–1.7 as long as H in males, and 1.9–2 and 1.3– 1.4 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2.6–2.9 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2, 3 and 5 subequal in length, slightly longer than 4, and 1.4–1.5 times as long as 6. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. 1.8–1.9 times as long as tibia and 2.8–4.3 times as long as apical claw. Midbody legs ca 1.25 times as long as H in males, and equal in length in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 considerably thicker and shorter than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11D) nearly symmetric; bursa slightly compressed in the sagittal plane; each valve distally with one vertical row of several setae; a similar row present on each side sclerite; operculum (op) very thick, subconical, i.e., tapering to a distinct blunt apex, exceeding bursa by ca 1 ⁄ 5 of total height of vulva, distally with a dense bunch of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two long and narrow, closely adjacent tubes of equal length – a twisted lateral one (lt) leading to a small piriform ampulla (la), and a mostly straight mesal one (mt) ending in a somewhat larger ovoid ampulla (ma). Distribution Known from numerous caves and one epigean locality in the central Venetian Prealps, as well as from several caves in Monti Lessini (extreme south of the Venetian Prealps). Also known from two caves on the southern slopes of Dolomiti (Fig. 13, white squares). Remarks In the past, this taxon was treated as a member of Mesoporoiulus Verhoeff, 1905. Vagalinski et al. (2015) hypothesized it could be a somewhat deviating member of Stygiiulus. Here we fully confirm this assumption and formally transfer tobias to the genus Stygiiulus. The subspecies S. t. pygmaeus (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov. has already caught the attention of Strasser (1962). On page 60 of the latter work, the author commented on the significant size difference between pygmaeus (23 mm of length) and the typical tobias (50–67 mm of length), and also emphasized the apparent confusion of Manfredi (1953b) regarding the gonopods of her newly described subspecies, which she stated to match well (along with most other characters) to the descriptions of tobias given by both Attems (1927) and Verhoeff (1930). In fact, what Attems (1927) recorded and depicted was S. maximus comb. nov. (see Remark under the latter species). The short and straight epiproct in pygmaeus (as originally described), unlike the long and upwards curved process in the typical form, adds further uncertainty about the identity of Manfredi’s subspecies. We agree with Strasser’s (1962) opinion that pygmaeus most likely represents a separate species. However, its status can only be resolved after examination of type or topotype material. The gonopods of the two presently examined males from Grotta del Subiolo differ fromVerhoeff’s(1930) drawings based on material from Grotta Parolini near Vastagna and/or “Bus de la Bela” near San Donato, prov. Belluno, by a blunt and finely serrated, rather than tapering and ciliate, posterior part of velum, and by an apically tri- instead of bipartite solenomere. In Grotta della Bigonda, this species lives in sympatry with S. ausugi comb. nov.

Typhloiulus (Typhloiulus) strictus (Latzel, 1882) Fig. 11H Material examined BULGARIA • 1 ♀; Lovech District, Kunino, at the entrance of Samuilitsa 2 Cave; 30 Oct. 2020; B. Vagalinski leg.; under large stones with moss; IBER. Descriptive notes Vulva (Fig. 11H). Slender, of nearly equal width in both the sagittal and the transverse planes, mostly symmetric; bursa with a rather broad and deep median cleft; each valve with up to ten, mostly vertically arranged setae; several setae in a vertical row on each side sclerite; operculum (op) with broadly rounded, somewhat coarsed, apical margin, exceeding bursa by nearly 1 ⁄ 3 of total height of vulva, distally with a few long setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a narrow, partly twisted posterior tube (pt) ending in a medium-sized piriform/lemon-shaped ampula (pa), and a much broader, mostly straight anterior tube (at), not forming an ampulla at bottom. Phylogeny A total of 37 taxa (1 outgroup) were included in the analyses. The 28S rRNA dataset included 499 bp and 20 gaps. Of these there were 61 variable and 41 parsimony-informative sites. The 16S rRNA dataset included 488 bp with 69 gaps, 350 variable and 295 parsimony-informative sites. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed similar topology, but ML did not obtain strong bootstrap support. The two matrices, analyzed separately, resulted in similar topology but did not resolve deeper nodes (trees not shown). The best resolution was shown by the BI tree, inferred from the concatenated 16S rRNA+28S rRNA dataset (Fig. 12). Our analyses reproduced the results of previous studies and show agreement with published trees (see Enghoff et al. 2011, 2013; Makarov et al. 2017). The deep nodes did not receive strong support, although some monophyletic clades were strongly supported.These include the tribes Brachyiulini and Pachyiulini, as well as the clade Leucogeorgia + (Pteridoiulus + Heteroiulus) (see Enghoff et al. 2013). Members of the dubious tribe Typhloiulini formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade with the following topology: Rhodopotyphlus mitovi + ((Typhloiulus orpheus + (T. lobifer + T. gracilis))+ (T. bureschi + T. georgievi + (T. nevoi + (Serboiulus deelemani + Serboiulus lucifugus)))). The newly represented species Stygiiulus fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. grouped with Xestoiulus imbecillus (Latzel, 1884), the two forming a sister clade to the monophyletic (julinine/leptoiulinine) group: Ophyiulus pilosus + (Pacifiiulus amurensis + (Leptoiulus trilineatus + (Leptoiulus proximus + Julus scandinavius)))., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/6323002, {"references":["Enghoff H., Petersen G. & Seberg O. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships in the millipede family Julidae. Cladistics 27 (6): 606 - 616. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00360. x","Enghoff H., Petersen G. & Seberg O. 2013. The aberrant millipede genus Pteridoiulus and its position in a revised molecular phylogeny of the family Julidae (Diplopoda: Julida). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 515 - 529. http: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13016","Makarov S. E., Bodner M., Reineke D., Vujisic Lj. V., Todosijevic M. M., Antic D. Z., Vagalinski B., Lucic L. R., Mitic B. M., Mitov P., Andelkovic B. D., Pavkovic Lucic S., Vajs V., Tomic V. T. & Raspotnig G. 2017. Chemical ecology of cave-dwelling millipedes: defensive secretions of theTyphloiulini (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 43 (4): 317 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10886 - 017 - 0832 - 1","Latzel R. 1884. Die Myriopoden der osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie. Zweite Halfte. Die Symphylen, Pauropoden und Diplopoden. Alfred Holder, Wien."]}

Genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929 stat. nov. Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929: 20 (as subgenus of Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884). Alpityphlus Strasser, 1967: 146, syn. nov. Type species Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) illyricus Verhoeff, 1929 (by monotypy) Diagnosis A genus of blind Julidae characterized by a flagellum-bearing promere, a true mesomere, and an opisthomere with a well-developed velum. Differing from other blind leptoiulinine/typhloiulinine genera by the following combination of characters: promere with an internal and an external lobe on caudal face, both without setae; opisthomere rather slender, devoid of any distinct processes on caudal and lateral side, and possessing a lamellar, marginally often (but not always) serrated or ciliate velum and an apically bifid solenomere (one or both solenomeral branches vestigial in some species), with the exception of (some variations of) S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. in which the solenomere apically possesses a minute third branch behind the main two; and hypoproct either blunt or rounded, tightly fitting under paraprocts in both sexes. Characterization – Small (L from 10 mm) to large (L up to 70 mm) Julidae. – Colouration pallid to light brown-grey. – Ommatidia absent. – Ozopores set considerably (rarely closely) behind pro-metazonal suture. – Epiproct present, varying from short to very long, mostly straight. – Hypoproct rounded or subtriangular, not or only insignificantly protruding behind rear contour of paraprocts, ventrally setose. – Male mandibular stipites not expanded. – Male walking legs ventrally with a well-developed adhesive pad on tibia at least in more frontal leg-pairs, some species also with a less pronounced pad on postfemur. – Male pleurotergum 7 with expanded ventral margin forming a rather weakly pronounced lobe in its caudal section. – Penis (not observed in S. seewaldi comb. nov.) long and slender, with short and stout apical lobes and fine, narrow terminal lamellae. Gonopods – Slender, solenomere more or less exceeding both pro- and mesomere in height. – Promere roughly oar-shaped, with more or less well-developed internal and external lobe, these not bearing setae. – Mesomere usually subequal to (rarely significantly shorter than) promere. – Opisthomere simple, rather elongate, lacking paracoxal or other processes in its proximal or middle part, some species with a characteristic posterior hump at mid-distal level; subapically on frontal side with well-developed lamellar velum with often serrated or fringed margin; solenomere apically divided in two (rarely three) small branches – an anterior and a posterior one – with their tips often bearing several minute thread-like filaments; some species with one or both branches very weakly pronounced, difficult to detect. – Basal spine at flagellum channel, with some exceptions (see below), usually absent. Vulva (not observed in S. seewaldi comb. nov.) – Operculum higher than bursa. – Median cleft of bursa shallow. – Receptaculum seminis consisting of two narrow and short (in relation to size of vulva) tubes (except for S. tobias comb. nov. in which both tubes are rather long), sometimes forming distinct ampullas at bottom., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/6323002, {"references":["Verhoeff K. 1929. Arthropoden aus sudostalpinen Hohlen (I). Gesammelt von Karl Strasser in Triest. Mitteilungen uber Hohlen- und Karstforschung 1929: 14 - 35.","Latzel R. 1884. Die Myriopoden der osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie. Zweite Halfte. Die Symphylen, Pauropoden und Diplopoden. Alfred Holder, Wien.","Strasser K. 1967. Ein Typhloiuline aus den nordlichen Kalkalpen (Diplopoda Symphyognatha). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 55: 145 - 153."]}

Stygiiulus seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov. Figs 10E, 13 Alpityphlus seewaldi Strasser, 1967: 146–150, figs 4–9. Typhloiulus seewaldi – Fritsch 1998: 149–150, 16. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 346. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Easily distinguishable from congeners by its specific gonopod conformation (Fig. 10E) including a narrow, pointed velum considerably exceeding the solenomere and bearing a small, pointed, distal outgrowth (do) (the latter structure present also in S. insularis comb. nov. and in (some specimens of) S. tobias comb. nov.), in combination with the complete absence of a posterior hump on the opisthomere. Also outstanding by the small and rounded internal lobe of the promere, which is positioned close to promeral base. Distribution Germany, Upper Bavaria, Berchtesgadener Land, Untersberg Massif, Cave Hollerloch (the type locality); Austria, Dachstein Mts, tunnel Warmwasserstollen near Lake Hallstatt and Obere Brangrabenhöhle Cave (Fritsch 1998) (Fig. 13, orange squares). Remark Fritsch (1998) listed this species under the genus Typhloiulus, relying on J.-P. Mauriès’ opinion expressed in a letter to him. According to Mauriès who studied material of seewaldi, the erection of the genus Alpityphlus by Strasser (1967) was unfounded, the species being a member of Stygiiulus, at that time a subgenus of Typhloiulus. A similar view was expressed by Antić et al. (2017, 2018), but without a formal transfer to Stygiiulus. Based on the detailed original drawings we fully agree on that view, hence the new name combination is formalized here.

Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967 Fig. 11F Material examined BULGARIA • 1 ♀ topotype; Belogradchik District, Dolni Lom, Vodni Pech Cave; 25 Feb. 2000; B. Petrov leg.; guano-clay; NMNHS. Descriptive notes Vulva (Fig. 11F). Strongly compressed in the sagittal plane, mostly symmetric; bursa with a shallow and very narrow median cleft; each valve distolaterally with a few setae; operculum (op) with a deeply concave apical margin, just slightly higher than bursa, distally bearing long setae. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two similarly narrow and twisted tubes – a lateral (lt) and a mesal one (mt), each forming an ovoid ampulla at bottom, the lateral one (la) being somewhat larger than the mesal one (ma)., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on page 59, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/6323002

Leptoiulus cf. trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847) Fig. 11E Material examined BULGARIA • 1 ♀; Belasitsa Mtn, Castanea sativa forest; 3–10 May 2010; B. Georgiev and H. Delchev leg.; pitfall trap; IBER. Descriptive notes Vulva (Fig. 11E). Vulva of nearly equal width in both the sagittal and the transverse planes, mostly symmetric; bursa with a deep and rather broad median cleft; evenly setose throughout, without distinct rows; operculum (op) with markedly concave apical margin, exceeding bursa by ca ¼ of total height of vulva, distally with several long setae. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a very long and thin, somewhat bent, mesal tube (mt) ending in a medium-sized, piriform ampula (ma), and a somewhat ticker and mostly straight lateral tube (lt) forming a large, strongly elongate ampulla (la) at bottom., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/6323002

Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov. Figs 4–6, 13 Typhloiulus ausugi gentianae Strasser, 1971a: 13–14, fig. 15. Typhloiulus ausugi gentianae – Minelli 1985: 10. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 336–337. Material examined Lectotype (designated here) ITALY • ♂; Veneto, Bosco del Cansiglio [Cansiglio Forest], Bus [cave] de la Genziana; specimen unbroken; MHNG-ARTO-26721. Paralectotypes ITALY • 1 ♀; same collection data as for lectotype; specimen unbroken; MHNG-ARTO-26722 • 1 ♂ slide preparation; same collection data as for lectotype; labrum, mandibles, gnathochilarium, antennae, penis, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG-ARTO-26723 • 1 ♂ slide preparation; same collection data as for lectotype; gonopods; MHNG-ARTO-26724. Other material ITALY • 1topotype♀; Veneto, province of Treviso, Bosco del Cansiglio [Cansiglio Forest], Fregona,q. 1020, Bus [cave] de la Genziana (1000 V /TV); 3 Oct. 1985; E. Piva leg. and ded.; NHMD • 1 topotype ♂, 2 topotype ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 22. Oct. 1994; E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Cansiglio Cavallo, Barcis (PN), Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga (786 / 327FR); 484 m a.s.l.; 30 Jun. 1996; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Friuli-Venezia Giulia, province of Pordenone, Montereale Valcellina (PN), Inghiottitoio [karstic pot-hole] della Val di Pai (1027 / 469FR); 30 Aug. 1984; Comotti leg.; R. Pisoni ded. 1989; NHMD. Comment Since the original description was based upon three males and two females, none of which was designated by Strasser (1971a) as holotype, we here designate the only intact male specimen as lectotype, in order to stabilize the nomenclature of the species under Article 74.1 of the ICZN. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with modified mouthparts. Differs from its most similar congener, S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., by gonopod details, viz. promere and opisthomere being turned towards one another rather than apically both bent frontad, velum with a smooth rather than entirely serrated anterior margin; by the weakly rather than strongly pronounced posterior part of pleurotergal flange 7 in males; by the vulval operculum being convex rather than concave, exceeding bursa by ca 2 ⁄ 5 rather than with ¼ of total height of vulva; by the entirely subtriangular ventral margin of body ring 3 in females, rather than ventral margin with a small, roundish anterior lobe; and by the somewhat shorter epiproct. Redescription SIZE AND NUMBER OF BODY RINGS. Lectotype ♂ with BRF 36 + 0+ T, L = 18 mm, H = 1.3 mm, paralectotype ♀ with BRF 33 +0+ T, L = 16.5 mm, H = 1.2 mm; topotype ♂ with BRF 31 +0 + T, L = 20.5 mm, H = 1.4 mm; topotype ♀♀ with BRF 31–35 +0–1 + T, L = 19–22 mm, H = 1.4–1.7 mm; males from Val di Pai with BRF 30–32 +1 + T, L = 13 mm, H = 1.05–1.1 mm; female from Val di Pai with BRF 30 +1 + T, L = 17 mm, H = 1.3 mm; males from Vecchia Diga with BRF 29–31 +0+ T, L = 18–19 mm, H = 1.15– 1.2 mm, female from Vecchia Diga with BRF 27 +1+ T, L = 18.5 mm, h = 1.3 mm. In general, males with BRF 29–36+ 0–1+ T, L = 13–20.5 mm, H = 1.05–1.3 mm; females with BRF 27–36 +0–1+ T, L = 16.5–22 mm, H = 1.2–1.7 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 4A–B, F–G). Completely pallid, probably as a result of the long alcohol conservation (considering the presence of some colour pattern in the highly similar S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov.). EXTERNAL STRUCTURES. Head with 2 vertigial, 2+2 supralabral and 16–23 labral setae.Antennae (Fig. 4B) 2.5 times as long as head and 2.4–2.5 times as long as H in males, and 2.1–2.2 times and 1.8–2.1 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2.8 times as long as broad. Antennomeres V and VI each with a terminal corolla of large sensilla basiconica bacilliformia; antennomere VII with a terminal corolla of small sensilla basiconica bacilliformia. MOUTHPARTS (Fig. 4C–D, H). Generally similar to those of S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., including individuals with edentate labrum (Fig. 4D), as well as individuals with three small but distinct labral teeth (Fig. 4C). Gnathochilarial stipites each with a row of 2–5 rather than up to 10 setae. Posterior node of hypopharynx (Fig. 4C) reduced, with somewhat squarish posterior part. COLLUM. Collum as in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., but with the frontolateral margin only slightly bent outwards. Metazonal striation faint and sparse even on ventral side; setation somewhat shorter than in fimbriatus – around 10% of H. Tarsus of mid-body legs 2.1–2.3 times as long as tibia. TELSON (Fig. 4G). Epiproct very short, not protruding behind caudal contour of paraprocts), ending with a minute hyaline tip turned more or less dorsad. Hypoproct more narrowly rounded compared to the former species, blunt subtriangular in some specimens (regardless of sex). All remaining external somatic characters as in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Male leg-pair 1 (Fig. 5A) similar to the condition in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., differing in having a proportionately smaller tibial part, apically more sparsely microdentate/ microtuberculate. Male walking legs with more pronounced tibial pads than in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., these being still visible behind mid-body. Penis (Fig. 5B) as in the former species, but with longer and more tapering terminal lamellae. GONOPODS (Figs 5C, 6). Very similar to those of S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., differing from the latter species mainly by the pro- (p) and mesomere (m) being gradually bent towards one another, rather than both apically turned frontad, and by the smooth rather than ciliate anterior margin of velum (v); also promere in S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov. relatively broader, with the external lobe (el) significantly higher than, rather than subequal to, the internal one (il); posterior branch of solenomere (pb) somewhat more robust, anterior branch of solenomere (ab) and posterior hump of opisthomere (ph) of same size and shape as in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 shorter, 1 also slightly thicker, than following legs. Ventral margin of body ring 3 subtriangular (Fig. 4I). Vulva (Fig. 5D) mostly symmetric, somewhat compressed in the sagittal plane; operculum (op) very large, with a convex apical margin forming several rounded bumps, exceeding bursa by nearly 2 ⁄ 5 of total height of vulva; setation on both bursa and operculum in a similar pattern as in S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov., but with 1–2 setae on side sclerites in addition. Receptaculum seminis represented by two short and narrow tubes: a mesal one (mt) leading to an ovoid ampulla (ma), and a lateral one (lt) ending without distinct ampulla at bottom. Distribution Known from several caves in the easternmost part of the Venetian Prealps mountain range (Fig. 13, red circles). Remark Strasser (1971a) wrote that this species was found on wet vertical walls (common place for many troglobitic arthropods with mouthpart modifications)., Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/6323002, {"references":["Strasser K. 1971 a. Uber italienische, besonders kavernikole Diplopoden. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 19: 1 - 21.","Minelli A. 1985. Catalogo dei Diplopodi e dei Chilopodi cavernicoli italiani. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, Serie 2 (Sezione scienze della Vita) 4: 1 - 50.","Vagalinski B., Stoev P. & Enghoff H. 2015. A review of the millipede genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with a description of three new species from Bulgaria and Greece. Zootaxa 3999 (3): 334 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3999.3.2"]}

Stygiiulus insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov. Figs 10C, 11C, 13 Typhloiulus insularis Strasser, 1938: 399–402, fig. 10. Typhloiulus insularis – Vagalinski et al. 2015: 340. — Antić et al. 2018: 263–264; figs 5–6, 18c. Material examined CROATIA • 1 topotype ♂; Island of Cres, Beli, Petričevići, Čampari Pit; 8 Apr. 2001; R. Ozimec and B. Jalžić leg.; IZB • 1 topotype ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Oct. 2000; CBSS. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Distinguishable from congeners by its smaller body (L = 10–16 mm) and shorter legs in relation to H, by the ozopores being placed on or right behind the pro-metazonal suture instead of at considerable distance behind it, and in several aspects of gonopod structures (Fig.10C), viz., ridge- rather than knob-like internal lobe of the promere, spoon-shaped mesomere, rather robust opisthomere without a posterior hump (the latter shared with S. seewaldii comb. nov.), long basal spine at flagellum channel (sometimes present in S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov.), and the presence of a distinct distal outgrowth (do) on velum (seen also in S. seewaldi comb. nov. and S. tobias comb. nov.). Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 1.6 times as long as head and 1.65 as long as H in the male, and 1.35 and 1.3 times, respectively, in the female; antennomere 5 ca 1.6 as long as broad; antennomeres 2 and 5 subequal in length, ca 1.3 times as long as 3 and 4, and 1.5 times as long as 6. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. Ca 2.7 times as long as tibia and ca 3.7 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs 1.25 times as long as H in the the male and 0.7 times in the female. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 visibly longer and thicker than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11C) of nearly equal width in both the sagittal and the transverse planes, mostly symmetric; bursa with a narrow median cleft; each valve distally with a vertical row of 2–4 setae; operculum (op) proximally broad, distally abruptly narrowing, ending with a more or less straight apical margin, exceeding bursa by ca 1 ⁄ 8 of total height of vulva, disto-laterally with one vertical row of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a very short and narrow, somewhat bent, median tube (mt) leading to a minute piriform ampulla (ma), and a slightly longer, mostly straight, lateral tube (lt) ending in a minute spherical ampulla (la). Distribution Known only from its type locality, the Čampari Pit on the island of Cres in Croatia (Fig. 13, red square). Remarks Strasser’s (1938) description of S. insularis comb. nov. was based upon four females only. Due to the absence of male specimens, this species has remained enigmatic for 80 years, until Antić et al. (2018) described the first male and, according to the gonopod structure, hypothesized this species could belong to Stygiiulus stat. nov. Here we follow that assumption, which is further supported by the vulval structure, and formally transfer insularis to the genus Stygiiulus stat. nov. However, this species is obviously different externally compared to other Stygiiulus stat. nov. members, and is characterized by a smaller body and proportionatelly shorter antennae, as well as by a more anterior position of the ozopores.And while these external differences (or some of them) may be connected with its currently unknown ecology rather than with its phylogenetic affinities, certain gonopod characters, viz., the aforementioned spoon-like shape of the mesomere and the robustness of the opisthomere, plus a ridge- rather than knob-like internal lobe of the promere leave some doubts about the exact systematic position of insularis. But since the general gonopod conformation in this species is much more similar to other Stygiiulus stat. nov. than to any other typhloiulinine/blind leptoiulinine genus, we have opted here to formally place this interesting taxon in the aforementioned genus. Nevertheless, we are aware that in the future this tiny species could find its place in another (new) genus. The Čampari Pit is also the type locality of another julid species, the pachyiulinine Chersoiulus ciliatus Strasser, 1938. Both S. insularis comb. nov. and C. ciliatus are strict endemics of this pit and are listed as critically endangered species (CR) in the Red Book of the Croatian cave dwelling fauna (Ozimec et al. 2009).

Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov. Figs 8–9, 13 Typhloiulus (Stygiiulus) montellensis rotundatus Strasser, 1962: 57–58, figs 68–69. Typhloiulus montellensis rotundatus – Minelli 1985: 10. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 343. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Differs from its most similar congener, S. montellensis comb. nov. by the distal part of mesomere being fronto-caudally compressed, ending with a rounded apex, vs the same being clavate, ending with a broad and flat apex in the latter species; and by the vulval operculum being relatively narrow, with an uneven, coarsed/undulating apical margin, vs the same being broader and with a smooth and gently concave apical margin in S. montellensis comb. nov. Material examined Lectotype (designated here) ITALY • ♂ 20-41-71 slide preparation; Veneto, province of Treviso, Refrontolo, Busa di Fave [Bus de le Fave Cave]; 7 May 1959; gonopods, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG-ARTO-27001. Paralectotypes ITALY • 1 ♂ 28-43-74 slide preparation; same collection data as for lectotype; gonopods, antenna, legs 1, 2, 3, 7, mouthparts, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG-ARTO-27002 • 1 ♂ 19.5-41-63 slide preparation; same collection data as for lectotype; gonopods, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG-ARTO-27003. Other material ITALY • 1 ♂; Veneto, province of Treviso, San Pietro di Feletto, Grotta [cave] di Foltran (1251 V / TV); 8 Aug. 1961; Paoletti leg.; specimen unbroken; MHNG • 1 ♂ 23-43-75 slide preparation; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Aug. 1971; gonopods, antenna, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG- ARTO-27004 • 1 ♂ 17-38-61 slide preparation; same locality; date unknown; gonopods, antenna, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG-ARTO-27005 • 1 ♂ 26-46-81 slide preparation; Veneto, province of Treviso, Farra di Soligo, Grotta [cave] di Collagù (1225 V /TV); 30 Oct. 1966; gonopods, antennae, gnathochilarium, legs 1 and 2 plus penis, flanges of pleurotergum 7; MHNG 901/5 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Veneto, province of Treviso, San Pietro di Feletto, La Bora Cave (1252 V /TV); 110 m a.s.l.; 9 Mar. 2008; D. Bianco and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD. Comment The original description of Strasser (1962) does not contain information on the number of type specimens and a holotype has not been designated. However, it can be inferred from text that the type locality is the cave Bus de le Fave near the village of Refrontolo, province of Treviso, and the material the description is based upon was collected on 7 th May and 10 th June 1959. The label data of three of the examined MHNG slides contain the same toponym and date. Since the position of the right gonopods in slide “ ♂ 20-41-71” is most similar to the aspect shown in Strasser’s (1962: fig. 68) description, we here designate that same slide as lectotype, in order to stabilize the nomenclature of the species under Article 74.1 of the ICZN. Redescription SIZE AND NUMBER OF BODY RINGS. ♂♂ with BRF 42–49+1+T, l = 17–28 mm, H = 1.3–1.4 mm; ♀ with BRF 50 +0+T, L = 27.5–33.5 mm, H = 1.54–1.92 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 8). Mostly light grey, apparently further faded from the alcohol conservation, with a brownish transverse band at posterior parts of metazonae; head, telson and legs brown. EXTERNAL STRUCTURES. 2 +2 supralabral setae (one ♀ with 5), spread in more or less equal distances from one another, and 12–16 labral setae. Antennae (Fig. 8B) 2–2.4 times as long as head and ca 1.5 as long as H in males, and ca 2 times and 1.3 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2.5 times as long as broad; antennomeres 3–5 subequal in length, somewhat shorter than 2 and ca 1.3 times longer than 6. MOUTHPARTS. Of normal julid type. Labrum tridentate. Lingual lamellae each with 2–3 basal, 1 median and 1 distal seta in a longitudinal row. Promentum markedly elongated, separating the lamellae in about their proximal ½. Gnathochilarial stipites each with a group of several short setae medially, just under lingual lamellae. COLLUM. Completely smooth. Prozonae smooth. Metazonae with well-developed striation only ventrally, dorsally and laterally with short and shallow striae; length of setae from 9% (in mid-body and hind body rings) to 25% (in anterior-most rings) of H. OZOPORES. Placed behind pro-metazonal suture at ca 2 ⁄ 5 (in more anterior rings) to almost ½ (in more posterior rings) of metazonal length measured from front to back. Tarsus of mid-body legs 1.9–2.2 times as long as tibia and 2.7–3.6 times as long as apical claw. Mid-body legs 1–1.2 times as long as H in males, and ca 0.85 times in females. TELSON (Fig. 8E). Epiproct stout, wedge-like, more or less straight, ending with a short and blunt hyaline tip directed completely distad or slightly dorsad, not reaching level of longest paraproctal setae. Hypoproct from narrowly rounded to blunt triangular, not protruding past rear contour of paraprocts in both sexes, bearing 5–10 submarginal and a pair of median parabasal setae. Paraprocts moderately to densely covered with long setae, without distinct rows of shorter setae along caudal margins. MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pair 1 (9A) rather compact, three-segmented hooks oriented towards one another, with relatively small, apically microdentate/micropapillate tibial outgrowths, without tarsal remnants. Leg-pairs 2 and 3 somewhat ticker than following legs. Tibial adhesive pads well developed until about mid-body, first several leg-pairs with a less strongly pronounced postfemoral pad in addition. Pleurotergum 7 (Fig. 8C) with considerably expanded ventral margins forming broad and rounded lobes. Penis (Fig. 9B) long, in situ visible behind coxae 2, basally broad, abruptly narrowing until ⅓ of its length, then running parallel-sided, before barely widening distally, ending with short, diverging apical lobes bearing small, pointed, terminal lamellae turned completely laterad. GONOPODS (Fig. 9C–D). In situ completely concealed in gonopodal sinus and between lobes of pleurotergum 7.Mesomere slightly exceeding promere, both being considerably shorter than opisthomere. Promere (p in Fig. 9C) slender oar-shaped, bent somewhat caudad, forming a narrowly rounded mesoapical corner; caudal face distally not too densely microsquamose/macropapillate, basally with a strongly pronounced, ridge-like internal lobe and a smaller, leaf-like external lobe. Mesomere (Fig 9D, m in Fig. 9C) narrow spade-like, with a flattened or broadly rounded apex directed distad; caudal face distally deeply concave and sparsely micropapillate. Opisthomere (Fig. 9C) relatively slender, with a strongly pronounced posterior hump (ph); velum (v) very broad, with a smooth frontal and a deeply serrated apical margin; solenomere with a rather stout, apically ciliate posterior branch (pb) and a very fine and pointed anterior branch (ab), shortly ciliate all along. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 somewhat thicker and slightly longer than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 9E) mostly symmetric: only mesal valve of bursa somewhat broader than lateral one; bursa slightly compressed on sides, with a relatively broad and shallow median cleft; each valve distally with one vertical row of several setae, side sclerites each with a pair of setae; operculum (op) somewhat narrowing distad, with an uneven, undulating apical margin exceeding bursa by ca ⅓ of total height of vulva, distally with a group of several setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two very short and narrow, somewhat folded tubes: a mesal (mt) and a lateral one (lt), both ending in two ovoid ampullae, the lateral one (la) being considerably larger than the mesal one (ma). Distribution Known from several caves in a small area on the southern side of the Venetian Prealps’ foothill, north of Treviso. All records come from the left side of the Piave River (Fig. 13, blue squares).