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Triticale is a versatile crop with high yield potential but insufficient resistance to unfavourable growing conditions. Therefore, the combination of high yield, adaptability, plasticity, stability and stress resistance of varieties is of great importance. The purpose of the research is to assess the adaptive potential of winter triticale cultivars according to the "yield" trait in agroecological conditions of the Middle Urals. Field studies were conducted in the Udmurt Republic in the years with contrasting weather conditions (2021–2023), the index of environmental conditions varied from -128 to 152. Forty-five cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin were studied. The analysis of the adaptive potential of the cultivars was carried out using various statistical methods. As a result, the most adaptive cultivars for the agroecological conditions of the Middle Urals were identified. The cultivars ‘Beta’, ‘Tribune’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Linda’ (Russia), ‘Mayak’, ‘Ales’ (Belarus), ‘Torchinsky’ (Ukraine) were char- acterized by high responsiveness to improving environmental conditions (bi = 1.82 2.01). The cultivars ‘Giray’, ‘Bereket’, ‘Ataman Platov’ (Russia), ‘Amulet’ (Belarus) showed relatively high stress resistance. The cultivars ‘Beta’, ‘Zimogor’, AD 1405, ‘Topaz’, ‘Kornet’ (Russia) were distinguished by a high compensatory ability. The cultivars ‘Bereket’ and ‘Ataman Platov’ had the lowest yield variability and at the same time high homeostaticity. When ranking the tested cultivars according to the listed indicators, the top ten most stable and plastic cultivars were ‘Zimogor’, ‘Kornet’, ‘Ataman Platov’, ‘Bereket’, ‘Nemchinovsky 56’, ‘Izhevskaya 2’, ‘Imprint’, ‘Bard’ (Russia), ‘Impulse’ (Belarus), ‘Chernobrivets’ (Ukraine), with a total ranking score from 55 to 95 points. The listed cultivars can be classified as the most valuable. In the agroecological conditions of the Middle Urals, it is advisable to cultivate varieties that combine high yields and adaptability – ‘Zimogor’, ‘Kornet’, ‘Izhevskaya 2’, and according to intensive technology – ‘Beta’ cultivar. The cultivars ‘Ataman Platov’, ‘Chernobrivets’, ‘Bereket’, ‘Bard’, ‘Impulse’, ‘Nemchinovsky 56’ also have practical value as a source material in the breeding of winter triticale to increase productivity and adaptability. A comparison of different methods for determining the adaptability of cultivars to specific environmental conditions showed the practical equivalence of the indicators of yield range, yield variation coefficient and homeostaticity.

Vancomycin is prescribed to patients in serious condition with infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms; however, if the therapeutic plasma concentration of the medicinal product is exceeded, it can have a nephrotoxic effect.The aim of the study was to demonstrate the possibility of using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to reduce the risk of developing nephropathy in intensive care unit patients with sepsis.Materials and methods: the study comprised a retrospective analysis of four clinical cases of patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care units of I.V. Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital in 2021 and treated with vancomycin. TDM of vancomycin plasma levels was performed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.Results: using the four cases of septic patients, the study demonstrated that vancomycin at adequate case-specific doses may result in plasma concentrations beyond the therapeutic range. TDM of vancomycin concentrations helped to prevent further deterioration of renal dysfunction in one septic patient having developed acute kidney injury and to control the achievement of therapeutic vancomycin concentrations or timely adjust the dose to that effect in the other three cases.Conclusions: a timely correction of vancomycin dosing with plasma TDM allows for achieving high antimicrobial efficacy in patients with sepsis and minimising the nephrotoxic effect of the medicinal product. Studies of the feasibility of using TDM as a treatment personalisation tool for patients in serious condition will continue in the future.

The paper discusses the results of magnetometric studies on the complex of Khan mausoleums near the village of Lapas in Astrakhan Oblast conducted in 2018–2022. A brief prehistory of the monument is outlined, information about the complex of mausoleums in medieval cartography and written sources is provided, and details of the archaeological studies of the archaeological site are presented. The methods of studying, processing and presentation of the results of geophysical studies and geodetic works are described. The results of magnetometric studies at mausoleums No. 1 and No. 4 are given, which made it possible to identify numerous buried objects related to medieval funerary architecture, necropolis and production of building material at each mausoleum complex. Conclusions are drawn about the number, purpose and condition of the preserved structures and buildings, and their estimated dimensions. An assumption based on magnetometry data is made about two periods of operation of the investigated part of the mausoleum complex No. 1, where numerous structures of an earlier stage of existence are recorded, overlapped by the building and fence of mausoleum No. 1. The necessity, expediency and effectiveness of the use of non-contact study methods at large archaeological sites are demonstrated.

Adaptation to changes in the environment depends, in part, on signaling between plant organs to integrate adaptive response at the level of the whole organism. Changes in the delivery of hormones from one organ to another through the vascular system strongly suggest that hormone transport is involved in the transmission of signals over long distances. However, there is evidence that, alternatively, systemic responses may be brought about by other kinds of signals (e.g., hydraulic or electrical) capable of inducing changes in hormone metabolism in distant organs. Long-distance transport of hormones is therefore a matter of debate. This review summarizes arguments for and against the involvement of the long-distance transport of cytokinins in signaling mineral nutrient availability from roots to the shoot. It also assesses the evidence for the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates in long-distance signaling of water deficiency and the possibility that Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins (LBTPs) facilitate the long-distance transport of hormones. It is assumed that proteins of this type raise the solubility of hydrophobic substances such as ABA and jasmonates in hydrophilic spaces, thereby enabling their movement in solution throughout the plant. This review collates evidence that LBTPs bind to cytokinins, ABA, and jasmonates and that cytokinins, ABA, and LBTPs are present in xylem and phloem sap and co-localize at sites of loading into vascular tissues and at sites of unloading from the phloem. The available evidence indicates a functional interaction between LBTPs and these hormones.

The problem of individualization and differentiation of the learning process is still relevant in the education. The Republic of Tatarstan is a special community where many nationalities live together. In this article the problem of the text interpretation at literature lessons is on the focus of view. Leaning on the provisions, provided by hermeneutic scientists, the authors regard the interpretation as a special dialogue between the reader and the text. The issue is also devoted to the problem of individual learning styles formation based on the psychological characteristics of the reader-student, the types of his representative system (auditory, visual or kinesthetic). Based on the facts found identified according to the experiment authors have developed the idea of forming individual ways for learning literature.

The purpose of the current work was to develop a highly productive winter rye variety for bakery with improved resistance to a complex of unfavorable factors and broad adaptability. The breeding work on the rye variety ‘Zilant’ was conducted in the Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of the Kazan Scientific Center of RAS in 2005–2015. The study of the variety in the Competitive Variety Testing was carried out in 2016–2019, in comparison with the standard varieties ‘Radon’ and ‘Tantana’. There has been presented a detailed characteristics of the variety ‘Zilant’ in terms of economically valuable indicators and adaptive potential according to grain productivity. The winter rye variety ‘Zilant’ formed the largest productivity on average for 4 years (50.2 hwt/ha) and produced high grain quality (229 s of a falling number and 647 u.a. of amylogram height, versus 224 s of a falling number and 625 u.a. of amylogram height of the standard variety ‘Radon’). The variety ‘Zilant’ has a dominant-monogenic type of short stems, strong short straw (on 14–13 cm lower than that of the standards). The variety possesses the same degree of field resistance to rust infections and ergot, resistance to powdery mildew as the standard variety ‘Radon’. There was determined that the rye variety ‘Zilant’, on average over the years of trials, was characterized by a significantly higher productivity (50.2 hwt/ ha, НСР05 = 1.5 c/ha) compared to the control, had a good combination of adaptability (bi = 1.149) and stability (Ϭd2 = 3.17). These advantages of the variety are provided by resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, the formation of a denser cenosis, field resistance to diseases, and a short non-lodging stem. The rye variety ‘Zilant’ produced grain with high baking qualities, corresponding to the 1st class of standards for grain and flour. The variety was responsive to improving growing conditions, showed less response to stress factors and was adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions.

The article examines the axiological aspects and environmental subjectivities of tourism on the basis of the subject-object model. For the development of tourism practices, a psychological analysis of intrapersonal factors of consumer behavior is necessary. The article justifies that tourism forms a special axiological space for personality development, nature preservation, performing important pedagogical and socializing functions, by immersing in real space and time, influencing the formation of a personal image of the world in actual genesis. Tourism is also a tool for changing mythology and stereotyping cognitive ideas about the ethno cultural specifics of visiting countries. It is indicated that modern tourism production is focused on the peculiarities of the individual needs of tourists. The professional training of tourism managers is currently based on the principles of didactics, which are based on the problem of understanding and realizing tourist needs in accordance with the value structure of the consumer of the tourist product. The purposeful development of the axiological space of tourist activity in pedagogy accentuates the following areas: tourist as a subject and object of tourism, tourist space as an object of tourism pedagogy and tourism practice as a subject sphere of professional relations in tourism. The article provides an example of an axiological and environmental subjectivities study, specifically aimed at assessing the relationship between personal values and the motivation of its tourist behavior, conducted on a Russian sample of consumers of a tourist product. The methodology of empirical research is based on the psychological concept of cultural and individual values by Shalom Schwartz, which allows assessing the individual values of consumers of the tourist product (http://segr-did2.fmag.unict.it). It has been established that the most preferred values in tourism for Russians, are Hedonism and Universalism.

The article reviews domestic and international experiences in the design of children's camps, campsites, recreation centers, and spas related to the topic of recreation, for both children and adults. The main development criteria were identified, which provided a basis for analysis of all child recreation typologies. Basic requirements for the treatment of the spatial environment of these camps are formulated and the main trends in their development are identified.

The adaption of plants to stressful environments depends on long-distance responses in plant organs, which themselves are remote from sites of perception of external stimuli. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives are known to be involved in plants' adaptation to salinity. However, to our knowledge, the transport of JAs from roots to shoots has not been studied in relation to the responses of shoots to root salt treatment. We detected a salt-induced increase in the content of JAs in the roots, xylem sap, and leaves of pea plants related to changes in transpiration. Similarities between the localization of JA and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) around vascular tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry, while immunoblotting revealed the presence of LTPs in the xylem sap of pea plants and its increase with salinity. Furthermore, we compared the effects of exogenous MeJA and salt treatment on the accumulation of JAs in leaves and their impact on transpiration. Our results indicate that salt-induced changes in JA concentrations in roots and xylem sap are the source of accumulation of these hormones in leaves leading to associated changes in transpiration. Furthermore, they suggest the possible involvement of LTPs in the loading/unloading of JAs into/from the xylem and its xylem transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the expanded neonatal screening program conducted in 2023, we analyzed samples obtained from 1,227,130 out of 1,256,187 newborns in the Russian Federation in order to detect 5q spinal muscular atrophy (5q SMA). Within the 253-sample risk group formed based on the results of the first screening stage, 5 samples showed a discrepancy between the examination results obtained via various screening methods and quantitative MLPA (used as reference). The discrepancy between the results was caused by the presence of either a c.835-18C>T intronic variant or a c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr) missense variant in the SMN1 gene, both of which are located in the region complementary to the sequences of annealing probes for ligation and real-time PCR. Three newborns had the c.835-18C>T variant in a compound heterozygous state with a deletion of exons 7–8 of the SMN1 gene, one newborn with two copies of the SMN1 gene had the same variant in a heterozygous state, and one newborn had both variants—c.835-18C>T and c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr)—in a compound heterozygous state. Additional examination was carried out for these variants, involving segregation analysis in families, carriage analysis in population cohorts, and RNA analysis. Based on the obtained results, according to the ACMG criteria, the c.835-18C>T intronic variant should be classified as likely benign, and the c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr) missense substitution as a variant of uncertain clinical significance. All five probands are under dynamic monitoring. No 5q SMA symptoms were detected in these newborns neonatally or during a 1-year follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Raw milk, meat and plant materials are subjected to high risks of contamination by various pathogenic bacteria and thus their growth prevention is a great challenge in the food industry. Food fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) besides changing its organoleptic characteristics also helps to eliminate unfavorable microflora and represses growth of pathogens. To the date only few LABs has been reported to exhibit activity against bacteria embedded in the biofilms characterized by extreme resistance to antimicrobials, high exchange rate with resistance genes and represent high risk factor for foodborne disease development. Results Six novel LAB strains isolated from the clover silage exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against biofilm embedded pathogens. We show explicitly that these strains demonstrate high acidification rate, completely repress the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and to a lesser extent P. aeruginosa as well as exhibit appropriate probiotic and milk-fermenting properties. Moreover, in contrast to the approved probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 8PA3, the new isolates were able to efficiently eradicate preformed biofilms of these pathogens and prevent bacterial spreading originating from the biofilm. We suggest these strains as potential additives to the pre-cultures of conventional LAB strains as efficient tools targeting foodborne pathogens in order to prevent food contamination from either seeded raw material or biofilm-fouled equipment. Conclusions The AG10 strain identified as L. plantarum demonstrate attractive probiotic and milk fermentation properties as well as high resistance to simulated gastric conditions thus appearing perspective as a starter culture for the prevention of bacterial contamination originating from fouled equipment during milk fermentation.

Since the discovery of giant hydrocarbon fields in the north of Western Siberia, no unified concept regarding the mechanism and stages of their formation has been developed. This paper on the example of the Urengoy field demonstrates that the formation of HC accumulations from Jurassic to Cenomanian is related to hydrocarbon fluids, flowing upwards from the deep depth, and their subsequent transformation. In the sedimentation process, the gases of the secondary kerogen destruction form an upward fluid flow, which dissolves oil components from source rocks and carry them to shallower depths. The formation waters of the north Western Siberia are methane-saturated; so, due to changes in its solubility during the Neogene uplift, methane comes out into a free phase. The calculations were performed on the upward flow phase separation and oil and gas content changes in reservoirs with depth. The addition of 50 mole% of methane released from the water to the Neocomian reservoirs gives a good agreement on the C1-C4 components and the C5+ content in the formation gas. The calculations were based on the proposition that methane captures light fractions from oil rims, thus increasing oil density. At shallow depths, the hydrocarbons are biodegraded, which leads to formation of almost pure methane accumulations in the Cenomanian reservoirs. The main mechanism of the upward flow transformations, controlling the oil and gas accumulation, is phase transitions. The additional factors, like methane dissolution in water and its transition into a free phase, microbial converting of hydrocarbons assure consistency between the calculated formation fluid properties and the actual data in the entire sedimentary section.

Research subject. In this research, we set out to investigate polyhalite-containing rocks of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this study was to characterize the patterns of formation and transformation of polyhalite-containing rocks, as well as to identify conditions leading to their destruction. Materials and methods. We studied available literature and archive materials on the southern Urals, as well as core samples. Samples for thin sections were taken from the core of polyhalite-containing rocks. The sections were manufactured (where possible) in 2 mutually perpendicular cuts relative to the axis of the monolithic core sample. Considering a high solubility of salt minerals (halite) and the possibility of converting other minerals in aqueous media (e.g., polyhalite into gypsum due to the leaching of K and Mg cations herefrom), thin sections were manufactured in anhydrous liquids (kerosene, transformer oil). In order to determine the mineralogical composition, as well as the structural and textural features of the polyhalite-containing rocks under study, a petrographic analysis of the thin sections was carried out optically using a Polam-213 microscope. Geological sections were built using Corel Draw 13. To this end, geophysical data (gamma-ray logging) and lithological composition were studied.Results. It is found that pelitomorphic sulphate clusters transform into polyhalites followed by their further recrystallization into crystalline accretions. The diagenetic nature of this process is presumed. The location of polyhalite mineralization in the rocks under study confirms the effect of the basin bottom paleorelief on the intensity of polyhalite material accumulation. Conditions determining further destruction of these rocks were formed in local areas under the influence of various geological processes. Conclusion. The results of our research can be used for predicting zones rich in polyhalites in the southern Cis-Urals.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive hereditary disease caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein. This is secondarily accompanied by a dysregulation of ion homeostasis, in which mitochondria play an important role. In the present work, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice is accompanied by a reduction in K+ transport and a decrease in its content in the matrix. This is associated with a decrease in the expression of the mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) in the muscles of mdx mice, which play an important role in cytoprotection. We observed that the BKCa activator NS1619 caused a normalization of mitoBKCa expression and potassium homeostasis in the muscle mitochondria of these animals, which was accompanied by an increase in the calcium retention capacity, mitigation of oxidative stress, and improvement in mitochondrial ultrastructure. This effect of NS1619 contributed to the reduction of degeneration/regeneration cycles and fibrosis in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice as well as a normalization of sarcomere size, but had no effect on the leakage of muscle enzymes and muscle strength loss. In the case of wild-type mice, we noted the negative effect of NS1619 manifested in the inhibition of the functional activity of mitochondria and disruption of their structure, which, however, did not significantly affect the state of the skeletal muscles of the animals. This article discusses the role of mitoBKCa in the development of DMD and the prospects of the approach associated with the correction of its function in treatments of this secondary channelopathy.

Milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria both enhances its nutritional value and provides probiotic strains to correct the intestinal microflora. Here, we show the comparative analysis of milk fermented with the new strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AG10, isolated from silage and the industrial strain Lactobacillus delbrukii subs. bulgaricus. While the milk acidification during fermentation with L. plantarum AG10 was lower compared with L. bulgaricus, milk fermented with L. plantarum AG10 after a 14-day storage period retained a high level of viable cells and was characterized by an increased content of exopolysaccharides and higher viscosity. The increased EPS production led to clot formation with higher density on microphotographs and increased firmness and cohesiveness of the product compared with L. bulgaricus-fermented milk. Furthermore, the L. plantarum AG10-fermented milk exhibited increased radical-scavenging activity assuming lower fat oxidation during storage. Taken together, these data suggest that L. plantarum AG10 seems to be a promising starter culture for dairy products with lowered levels of lactic acid, which is important for people with increased gastric acid formation.

The authors describe two approaches to the construction of three-dimensional models of wooden objects on the example of building No. 41, found in the excavation “Tatar Slobodka” in the village of Sviyazhsk in 2011–2014. The first approach is to photograph the assembled space in the building and continue its construction in the program Agisoft Photoscan. The model obtained in this way, has been called by the authors "monolithic". The second approach is based on the collection of structures on a single platform from individual models of wooden elements that make up its structure. Thus a "combined" model has been constructed by the authors. Two approaches was based on photogrammetry methods. In the course of the study, a comparison was made between the methods of obtaining "monolithic" and "composite" models, each of which has a number of advantages and disadvantages. "Monolithic" is characterized by high speed of the model and a small amount of memory. "Сombined" model allows you to compose the model of the building from the elements in the computer without its actual collection in space.

The yield of agricultural crops directly depends on their ability to adapt to a constantly changing environment, the unfavorable climatic conditions of which cause oxidative stress, accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, which can cause damage to heteropolymer cell structures, thereby leading to suppression of plant growth and a decrease in productivity grains. It has been shown that the profile of the antioxidant activity of the peroxidase system in histone and non-histone blocks of structures (nucleoplasm, chromatin) of cell nuclei during germination is more pronounced in the cold-resistant variety Mironovskaya 808 (winter) compared to Mironovskaya yarovaya (spring), which correlates with the intensity of growth processes and can be associated with participation in the realization of proliferation and differentiation programs. A direct relationship between the scavenging of ROS and plant resistance to temperature stress, which is often associated with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes that impart stress resistance to both high and low temperature stress, apparently also exists at the level of the plant cell nucleus.

This article presents the results of studies of corn hybrids of a universal direction. Their responsiveness to the application of mineral fertilizers, incrustation of seeds with biological preparations, and foliar fertilizing with zinc-containing preparations is shown. NK background at 60 t/ha + foliar application of Zn ensures maximum grain yield and better disclosure of the grain potential of hybrids of universal use (61.3 c/ha for the Nur hybrid, 67.41 c/ha for the Bilyar-160, 77, 39 c/ha for the Voronezhsky-279 hybrid). Early ripe hybrids in the conditions of the Fore- Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan form stable grain yields due to lower pre-harvest moisture. Mid-early hybrids of universal use respond well to the application of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with zinc-containing preparations, providing high grain yields.