93 results on '"Vacunas neumocócicas"'
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2. Cobertura de vacunación contra neumococo en el adulto mayor en Latinoamérica.
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MAGUIÑA-GOROSTIAGA, XIMENA A., BONIFACIO-ARÉVALO, JENIFFER G., SÁENZ-VÁSQUEZ, LUIS A., MORENO-PALACIOS, FRANK A., VELA-RUIZ, JOSÉ M., and DESPOSORIO-ROBLES, JOYCE
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VACCINATION coverage ,OLDER people ,PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines ,AGE groups ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
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- 2023
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3. Enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en pacientes de un hospital pediátrico de Perú, 2017-2020
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Julio Guillermo Marín-Portocarrero, Alan Quispe-Sanchez, Flor de Maria Charca-Rodriguez, and Noé Atamari-Anahui
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streptococcus pneumoniae ,vacunas neumocócicas ,niño ,perú ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, serotipos y susceptibilidad antibiótica en pacientes con enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con ENI hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima, Perú). Se evaluaron a 29 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 1,9 años (rango intercuartílico 1 a 4 años). El 51,7% eran mujeres y la forma clínica de la ENI más frecuente fue la bacteriemia en 18 (62,1%) pacientes. El 65,5% tenía el esquema de vacunación completo, según el Ministerio de Salud de Perú. El 82,8% del aislamiento del germen fue de sangre. La resistencia antibiótica fue más frecuente a la eritromicina (55,2%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (48,3%) y penicilina (24,1%). Los serotipos registrados fueron 6C, 19A, 23A y 24F. Un paciente falleció por meningitis. En conclusión, la ENI fue más frecuente en niños de uno a cinco años y en la forma clínica de bacteriemia. Se encontraron cinco serotipos reportados en estudios previos con resistencia a penicilina y eritromicina.
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- 2022
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4. Mortalidad por neumonía y por todas las causas en niños menores de 5 años en Colombia entre el 2005 y 2016
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Juan Pablo Alzate
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neumonía ,vacunas neumococicas ,mortalidad infantil [decs] ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Introduction: Pneumococcal infections are one of the most important causes of diseases in children under 5 years old in Colombia.Objective: Evaluate mortality from pneumonia and all causes in children under 5 years old in Colombia.Methods: Ecological study, the main outcomes of the study was all-cause mortality and pneumonia (ICD-10 J12-18).Results: During 2005 to 2016, a total of 122,074 deaths were found for all causes, of which 13,359 (10.94%) corresponded to death due to pneumonia, 750 to meningitis (0.61%) and 17,511 to death due to other respiratory causes (14.34% ).Conclusions: A decrease in mortality has been observed in all-cause mortality rates, and the others studied death causes in this article.
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- 2020
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5. Efecto de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 10-valente en el área sur de Santiago de Chile, 2009-2015
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Sylvina Alvarado, Gabriel Cavada, Rodolfo Villena, Jan Wilhelm, Isolda Budnik, Cristian Lara, Ximena Salinas, Nury Azpilcueta, and María Teresa Valenzuela
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,neumonía ,infecciones neumocócicas ,Chile ,Medicine ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de la vacuna antineumococica 10-valente (PCV 10) en la incidencia de la enfermedad neumocócica invasora (ENI) y en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en niños hospitalizados menores de 5 años en el área sur de Santiago de Chile. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de la incidencia de ENI y NAC en menores de 5 años del área sur de Santiago de Chile de 2009 a 2015. Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron las de los laboratorios de bacteriología de cuatro hospitales, del Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP) y los registros de egresos hospitalarios. Resultados. Un total de 6 461 casos de NAC y 173 casos de ENI fueron confirmados por el ISP, de los cuales 169 casos fueron diagnosticados en los laboratorios de bacteriología de los hospitales incluidos en el estudio. Al comparar la incidencia de casos de 2010 frente a 2011-2015, la razón de incidencias (RI) de ENI se redujo 10% anualmente (p = 0,026) y la de NAC, 8% en el mismo período (p
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- 2018
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6. Invasive pneumococcal disease in patients from a pediatric hospital in Peru, 2017-2020
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Julio Guillermo Marín-Portocarrero, Alan Quispe-Sanchez, Flor de Maria Charca-Rodriguez, and Noé Atamari-Anahui
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Perú ,Vacunas Neumocócicas ,Niño ,Peru ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Child - Abstract
RESUMEN El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, serotipos y susceptibilidad antibiótica en pacientes con enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con ENI hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima, Perú). Se evaluaron a 29 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 1,9 años (rango intercuartílico 1 a 4 años). El 51,7% eran mujeres y la forma clínica de la ENI más frecuente fue la bacteriemia en 18 (62,1%) pacientes. El 65,5% tenía el esquema de vacunación completo, según el Ministerio de Salud de Perú. El 82,8% del aislamiento del germen fue de sangre. La resistencia antibiótica fue más frecuente a la eritromicina (55,2%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (48,3%) y penicilina (24,1%). Los serotipos registrados fueron 6C, 19A, 23A y 24F. Un paciente falleció por meningitis. En conclusión, la ENI fue más frecuente en niños de uno a cinco años y en la forma clínica de bacteriemia. Se encontraron cinco serotipos reportados en estudios previos con resistencia a penicilina y eritromicina. ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, serotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The medical records of patients with IPD who were hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. We evaluated 29 patients. The median age was 1.9 years (interquartile range: 1 to 4 years). Of the sample, 51.7% were women and the most frequent clinical form of IPD was bacteremia in 18 (62.1%) patients; 65.5% had a complete vaccination schedule, according to the Peruvian Ministry of Health. Germ isolation was performed from blood samples in 82.8% of patients. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin (55.2%) was the most frequent, followed by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.3%) and penicillin (24.1%). The isolated serotypes were 6C, 19A, 23A and 24F. One patient died of meningitis. In conclusion, IPD was more frequent in children aged one to five years and the most frequent clinical form was bacteremia. Five serotypes reported in previous studies were found to be resistant to penicillin and erythromycin.
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- 2022
7. Efecto de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 10-valente en el área sur de Santiago de Chile, 2009-2015.
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Alvarado, Sylvina, Cavada, Gabriel, Villena, Rodolfo, Wilhelm, Jan, Budnik, Isolda, Lara, Cristian, Salinas, Ximena, Azpilcueta, Nury, and Valenzuela, María Teresa
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COMMUNITY-acquired pneumonia , *HOSPITAL laboratories , *HOSPITAL records , *BACTERIOLOGY , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines - Abstract
Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in the southern area of Santiago, Chile. Methods. An ecological study was conducted on the incidence of IPD and CAP in children under age 5 in the southern area of Santiago (Chile) from 2009 to 2015. The information used was from bacteriology laboratories in four hospitals, the Chilean Institute of Health Public (ISP), and hospital discharge records. Results. A total of 6,461 cases of CAP and 173 cases of IPD were confirmed by the ISP; 169 of these cases were diagnosed in the bacteriology laboratories of the hospitals included in the study. When the incidence of cases in 2010 was compared to 2011-2015, the incidence ratio (IR) of IPD declined 10% annually (p=0.026) and CAP declined by 8% in the same period (p<0.001). Days of hospitalization due to IPD were reduced by 39% (p<0.001). Between 2009 and 2012, seven children died, but since then there have been no deaths due to these diseases. Conclusions. The introduction of the PCV-10 vaccine into the National Immunization Program has had a positive effect, with a significant reduction in IPD and CAP and in days of hospitalization due to IPD, while preventing cases and deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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8. Community acquired pneumonia incidence among children less than 5 years of age in Concordia, Argentina: vaccination impact.
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Ruvinsky, Raúl O., Rearte, Analía, Kupervaser, Judit, Gentile, Fernando, Haidar, Adriana, Cafure, Maria E., ElisaTito, Maria, Avaro, Federico, Cortiana, Cristina, Cozzani, Hugo, Véliz, Omar, Fossati, Sofia, Regueira, Mabel, and Vizzotti, Carla
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COMMUNITY-acquired pneumonia , *PNEUMONIA , *PLEURAL effusions , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *VACCINATION - Abstract
Objective. To measure the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) against Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease, 2 years after the vaccine (2+1) was included into the National Immunization Program of Argentina, and to describe variables associated with bacterial pneumonia and hospitalization. Methods. This was a prospective, population-based surveillance study of CAP incidence (ambulatory and hospitalized) among children less than 5 years of age in the Department of Concordia (Entre Rios, Argentina) from April 2014 - March 2016. The diagnosis of probable bacterial pneumonia (PBP) was determined following the standardized WHO protocol. Incidence during the post-vaccine introduction period was compared with the results from a previous study that used similar methodology for the pre-PCV13 introduction period from 2002 - 2005. Results. During the study period, 330 patients had a clinical diagnosis of CAP, of which 92 were PBP (6 with pleural effusion). S. pneumoniae was not isolated from any sample. No factors associated with PBP were found in multivariable analysis. The decrease in PBP and pleural effusion was significant in relation to the previous study: 63% (P < 0.0001) and 80.9% (P < 0.003), respectively. PCV13 uptake was 97.3% for the 1st dose and 84.8% for the booster dose. Conclusions. PCV13 was effective to reduce incidence of consolidated pneumonia and pleural effusion, among children less than 5 years of age in Concordia, Argentina. Vaccination is a very effective public health strategy for reducing vaccine preventable diseases, with impact on burden of disease and hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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9. Epidemiology of pediatric parapneumonic pleural effusion during 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation.
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Moral L, Toral T, Marco N, Clavijo A, Canals F, Forniés MJ, González MC, Moral J, Márquez M, Lucas R, Caballero M, Huertas AM, García-Avilés B, and Belda M
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Introduction: The reported incidence of parapneumonic pleural effusion, including empyema, has shown fluctuations in the last decades. It has been related to the implementation of different types of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines., Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed data from all 10 public hospitals in Alicante Province (Spain) covering a population of 279,000 children under 15 years of age, between 2010 and 2018. Effusions less than 10 mm (PE-) and those of 10 mm or more (PE+) were separated., Results: A total of 366 episodes of parapneumonic pleural effusion have been analyzed, 178 PE- (48.6%) and 188 PE+ (51.4%), with a median age of 4 years (interquartile range: 2-7 years) and marked seasonality with the maximum in winter and the minimum in summer. A culture proven bacterial agent was identified in 34 patients (9.3%), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (24 patients) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (7 patients). The most frequent S. pneumoniae serotype was 19A (6 patients) and 3 vaccine failures were observed. The mean annual incidence rate was 14.3 cases per 100,000 children under 15 years of age (7.0 for PE- and 7.3 for PE+). No significant changes were observed in incidence over time, but noticeable differences in incidence were observed in different health departments., Conclusions: We have not found temporal variations in incidence of parapneumonic effusion despite the implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The unexplained disparity in incidence between close departments is noteworthy., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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10. O impacto da vacina pneumocócica PCV10 na redução da mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças menores de um ano em Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Emil Kupek and Ilse Lisiane Viertel Vieira
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Vacunas Neumocócicas ,Neumonía ,Mortalidad Infantil ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da vacina pneumocócica PCV10 na redução da mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças menores de um ano, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, considerando os quatro anos antes versusquatro anos após a introdução da vacina em 2010. Estudo com delineamento ecológico, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e das coberturas vacinais em menores de um ano de idade. Os dados foram agrupados por município de residência e macrorregião. A taxa média de mortalidade por pneumonia em menores de um ano no período 2006-2009 versus2010-2013 diminuiu de 29,69 para 23,40 por 100 mil, uma redução de 11%. Porém, observa-se uma divisão entre regiões com redução (Grande Florianópolis, Sul, Planalto Norte e Nordeste) e outras com aumento do gradiente das taxas anuais (Oeste, Itajaí e Serra). No estado, verificou-se uma redução média da taxa de mortalidade, por pneumonia em menores de um ano, de 11% após quatro anos da implantação da vacina como rotina no Programa Nacional de Imunizações, porém com efeitos heterógenos entre as regiões.
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- 2016
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11. Influence of pneumococcal vaccination on the hospitalization of healthy pediatric patients due to typical Community-Acquired Pneumonia
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Ana Isabel Valdivielso Martínez, David Moreno Pérez, Jose Miguel Ramos Fernández, Javier Pérez Frías, [Valdivielso Martínez,AI] Pediatría Distrito Sanitario Málaga-Guadalhorce, Pediatría Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Programa del Doctorado de Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud. [Ramos Fernández,JM] Facultativo Especialista de Área de Neuropediatría, Pediatría Hospital Materno-Infantil Regional Universitario de Málaga, Grupo de Investigación IBIMA. [Ramos Fernández,JM, and Moreno Pérez,D] Departamento de Pediatría y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga. [Pérez Frías,J] Facultativo Especialista de Área de Neumología pediátrica, Pediatría Hospital Materno-Infantil Regional Universitario de Málaga, Grupo de Investigación IBIMA. [Pérez Frías,J] Profesor Catedrático del Departamento de Pediatría y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga. [Moreno Pérez,D] Infectología Pediátrica e Inmunodeficiencias, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Moreno Pérez,D] Grupo de Investigación IBIMA. [Moreno Pérez,D] Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP).
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pleural effusion ,Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases::Pleural Diseases::Pleural Effusion [Medical Subject Headings] ,Pneumonia in children ,Pediatrics ,Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Preescolar ,0302 clinical medicine ,Community-acquired pneumonia ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Retrospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings] ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization::Length of Stay [Medical Subject Headings] ,Epidemiology ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hospitalizacion ,Child ,Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Infant [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Biological Products::Vaccines::Bacterial Vaccines::Streptococcal Vaccines::Pneumococcal Vaccines [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Biological Products::Vaccines::Vaccines, Synthetic::Vaccines, Conjugate [Medical Subject Headings] ,Medical record ,Vaccination ,Pediatría ,General Medicine ,Community-acquired infections ,Pneumococcal vaccines ,Vacunas neumococicas ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Hospitalization ,Infectious Diseases ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization [Medical Subject Headings] ,Child, Preschool ,Niño ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings] ,030106 microbiology ,Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings] ,Infecciones comunitarias adquiridas ,Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases::Respiratory Tract Infections::Pneumonia [Medical Subject Headings] ,Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Community-Acquired Infections [Medical Subject Headings] ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::Immunization [Medical Subject Headings] ,Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent [Medical Subject Headings] ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Estudios retrospectivos ,Internal medicine ,Neumonía ,medicine ,Humans ,Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child [Medical Subject Headings] ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Retrospective Studies ,Vaccines, Conjugate ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy::Immunization::Immunotherapy, Active::Vaccination [Medical Subject Headings] ,business.industry ,Infant ,Pneumonia ,Length of Stay ,medicine.disease ,Empyema ,Pleural Effusion ,Pneumococcal conjugates vaccines ,Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings] ,Immunization ,business ,Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child::Child, Preschool [Medical Subject Headings] - Abstract
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Introduction Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most frequent causes of hospital admission in children. Our objective is to measure the impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the hospitalization of previously healthy children due to CAP. Method From 2011 to 2016, a partially retrospective, prospective, and descriptive study was carried out on healthy pediatric patients (3 months–14 years old) with CAP, who required hospital admission. Clinical, epidemiological, and demographic characteristics were collected, and vaccination status was obtained from medical records. Results A total of 292 cases were included, with a mean age of 33.4 months, 54% males. There was a progressive and significant 42% decrease in the number of admissions each year, without significant changes in the annual percentage of parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE). Fifty-six percent of patients were immunized with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The percentage of children who were not vaccinated decreased by 14%, and the coverage with PCV-13 increased by 46%. This revealed a significant increase of PPE in vaccinated patients with PCV-7 (63%) compared with unvaccinated (45%) and with PCV-13 (57%), without association with the presence of severe PPE. Moreover, no significant differences in severity or hospital stay were observed in unvaccinated patients, compared to those who were vaccinated. In >2-year-olds, we observed a significant increase in PPE (59%) compared to 45% in younger children. Conclusions The increase in vaccination coverage with PCV-13 resulted in a decrease in hospitalizations due to CAP and PPE. Vaccination with PCV-7 is associated in our sample with an increase in PPE but not with severe PPE nor an increase in the hospital stay. There was an epidemiological shift of severe forms of pneumonia and empyema at later ages (>2 years). Yes
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- 2020
12. Impacto de la bacteriemia en una cohorte de pacientes con neumonía neumocócica Impact of bacteremia in a cohort of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia
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Ileana Palma, Ricardo Mosquera, Carmen Demier, Carlos Vay, Angela Famiglietti, and Carlos M Luna
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,Neumonía Bacteriana ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Mortalidad ,Epidemiología ,Pneumococcal vaccines ,Pneumonia, bacterial ,Pneumococcal infections ,Mortality ,Epidemiology ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Bacteriemia es la forma invasiva más común de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Investigamos si la bacteriemia en NAC neumocócica empeora los resultados y si ella guarda relación con la vacunación antineumocócica (VAN). MÉTODOS: Análisis secundario de una cohorte de pacientes con NAC neumocócica confirmada por cultivo de sangre o esputo o antígeno urinario. Se registraron datos demográficos, clínicos, radiográficos y de laboratorio, escores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) y pneumonia severity index (PSI), comorbilidades y antecedente de VAN. Se compararon pacientes con NAC neumocócica bacteriémica (NNB) vs. no bacteriémica (NNNB). RESULTADOS: Cuarenta y siete pacientes tenían NNB y 71 NNNB (45 por cultivo de esputo y 26 por antígeno urinario); 107 tenían alguna indicación de VAN. Ningún paciente con NNB, pero 9 con NNNB, habían recibido VAN (p = 0,043). Los pacientes con NNB eran mayores (76,4 ± 11,5 vs. 67,5 ± 20,9 años), tenían mayor APACHE II (16,4 ± 4,6 vs. 14,1 ± 6,5) y PSI (129,5 ± 36 vs. 105,2 ± 45), más frecuentemente cardiopatía e insuficiencia renal crónica e internación en UTI (42,5% vs. 22,5%) y menor hematocrito (35,7 ± 5,8 vs. 38,6 ± 6,7%) y sodio plasmático (133,9 ± 6,0 vs. 137,1 ± 5,5 mEq/L). La mortalidad fue similar (29,8% vs. 28,2%). CONCLUSIONES: Los niveles de VAN (8,4%) en esta población con alto riesgo de NAC por S. pneumoniae fueron extremadamente bajos. Los pacientes con NNB estaban más graves, pero la mortalidad fue similar entre los dos grupos. La VAN reduce la incidencia de NNB y es razonable incrementar el nivel de vacunación de la población en riesgo.OBJECTIVE: Bacteremia is the most common presentation of invasive disease in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. We investigated whether bacteremia in pneumococcal CAP worsens outcomes and whether it is related to pneumococcal vaccination (PV). METHODS: Secondary analysis of a cohort of patients with pneumococcal CAP confirmed by blood culture, sputum culture, or urinary antigen testing. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and biochemical data were collected, as were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores, comorbidities, and PV history. We drew comparisons between patients with bacteremic pneumococcal CAP (BPP) and those with non-bacteremic pneumococcal CAP (NBPP). RESULTS: Forty-seven patients had BPP, and 71 had NBPP (confirmed by sputum culture in 45 and by urinary antigen testing in 26); 107 had some indication for PV. None of the BPP patients had received PV, compared with 9 of the NBPP patients (p = 0.043). Among the BPP patients, the mean age was higher (76.4 ± 11.5 vs. 67.5 ± 20.9 years), as were APACHE II and PSI scores (16.4 ± 4.6 vs. 14.1 ± 6.5 and 129.5 ± 36 vs. 105.2 ± 45, respectively), as well as the rate of ICU admission for cardiopathy or chronic renal failure (42.5% vs. 22.5%), whereas hematocrit and plasma sodium levels were lower (35.7 ± 5.8 vs. 38.6 ± 6.7% and 133.9 ± 6.0 vs. 137.1 ± 5.5 mEq/L, respectively), although mortality was similar (29.8% vs. 28.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In this population at high risk for CAP due to S. pneumoniae, the PV rate was extremely low (8.4%). Although BPP patients were more severely ill, mortality was similar between the two groups. Because PV reduces the incidence of BPP, the vaccination rate in at-risk populations should be increased.
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- 2012
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13. Avaliação da resposta humoral à vacina pneumocócica 7-valente em crianças com Aids Evaluación de la vacuna neumocócica 7-valente en la respuesta humoral de niños con SIDA Evaluation of humoral response to heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected children
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Isabel de Camargo Costa, Fabiana Guilardi, Mariana Acenjo Kmiliauskis, Christina Arslanian, and Evandro Roberto Baldacci
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Vacunas Neumococicas ,Factores Inmunológicos ,Infecciones Neumocócicas ,Infecciones por VIH ,Niño ,Vacinas Pneumocócicas ,Fatores Imunológicos ,Infecções Pneumocócicas ,Infecções por HIV ,Criança ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Immunologic Factors ,Pneumococcal Infections ,HIV Infections ,Child ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: A doença pneumocócica invasiva é importante causa de morbi-mortalidade em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente a resposta com anticorpos aos sete sorotipos pneumocócicos da vacina em um grupo de crianças infectadas pelo HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado com 40 crianças infectadas pelo HIV, com idade entre 2 e 9 anos, em seguimento em ambulatório especializado no município de São Paulo, em 2002-2003. A dosagem de anticorpos IgG contra os polissacarídeos da cápsula pneumocócica foi realizada por meio de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os anticorpos foram dosados imediatamente antes e um mês após a aplicação da segunda dose da vacina. Utilizaram-se dois critérios para avaliar a resposta à vacina: títulos de anticorpos >1,3 µg/mL na sorologia pós-imunização e aumento >4 vezes nos títulos da sorologia pós em relação à pré-imunização. RESULTADOS: Para o primeiro critério (>1,3 µg/mL), 26 (65%) crianças obtiveram resposta sorológica à vacina, 12 (30%) delas apresentaram títulos de IgG pós-imunização em níveis de pelo menos 1,3 µg/mL para todos os sorotipos. Para o segundo critério (incremento >4 vezes nos títulos para quatro sorotipos ou mais), obteve-se resposta sorológica para 15 (37,5%) crianças. CONCLUSÕES: A resposta à vacina foi considerada satisfatória, com aumento estatisticamente significante dos títulos geométricos médios pós-vacinais em relação aos pré-vacinais para todos os sorotipos estudados.OBJETIVO: La enfermedad neumocócica es una importante causa de morbi-mortalidad en niños infectados por HIV. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar cuantitativamente la respuesta de anticuerpos para los siete serotipos neumocócicos de la vacuna en un grupo de niños infectados por HIV. MÉTODOS: El estudio fue realizado con 40 niños infectados por HIV, con edades entre 2 y 9 años, con seguimiento en ambulatorio especializado en el municipio de Sao Paulo (Sureste de Brasil), en 2002-2003. La dosis de anticuerpos IgG contra los polisacáridos de la cápsula neumocócica fue realizada por medio de ensayo inmuno enzimático (ELISA). Los anticuerpos fueron dosificados inmediatamente antes y un mes después de la aplicación de la segunda dosis de la vacuna. Se utilizaron dos criterios para evaluar la respuesta a la vacuna: títulos de anticuerpos ? 1,3 ?g/mL en la serología post-inmunización y aumento ?4 veces en los títulos de la serología post-inmunización con relación a la pre-inmunización. RESULTADOS: Para el primer criterio (?1,3 ?g/mL), 26 (65%) niños obtuvieron respuesta serológica con la vacuna, 12 (30%) de ellas presentaron títulos de IgG post-inmunización en niveles de por lo menos 1,3 ?g/mL para todos los serotipos. Para el segundo criterio (incremento >4 veces en los títulos para cuatro serotipos o mas), se obtuvo respuesta serológica en 15 (37,5%) niños. CONCLUSIONES: La respuesta frente a la vacuna fue considerada satisfactoria, con aumento estadísticamente significativo de los títulos geométricos promedios post-vacunales con relación a los pre-vacunales para todos los serotipos estudiados.OBJECTIVE: Invasive pneumococcal disease is a major cause of death in HIV-infected children. The objective of the study was to assess the quantitative antibody response to the seven pneumococcal serotypes of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a group of HIV-infected children. METHODS: Study comprising 40 HIV-infected children aged between 2 and 9 years followed up in a specialized outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2002 and 2003. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to measure IgG antibody titers against pneumococcus capsule. Antibodies were measured immediately before and 1 month after the second dose of the vaccine. Two response criteria were used: IgG titers >1.3 µg/mL in the post-immunization serology and an increase of at least 4-fold in post- compared to pre-immunization serology. RESULTS: For the first criterion (>1.3 µg/mL), 26 (65%) children had serological response to the vaccine, 12 (30%) showed post-immunization IgG titers of at least 1.3 µg/mL for all seven serotypes studied. For the second criterion studied (>4-fold increase in post- compared to pre-immunization titers for four serotypes or more), serological response was seen in 15 (37.5%) children. CONCLUSIONS: Overall response to the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was adequate, showing a statistically significant increase in the post-immunization geometric mean titers for the seven serotypes studied.
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- 2008
14. O impacto da vacina pneumocócica PCV10 na redução da mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças menores de um ano em Santa Catarina, Brasil.
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Kupek, Emil and Viertel Vieira, Ilse Lisiane
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en Cantabria (1995-2001) e implicaciones para el calendario vacunal Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Cantabria, Spain, (1995-2001) and implications for the childhood inmunization schedule
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A. González, L.J. Viloria, J.A. Sanz, and L. Ansorena
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Meningitis neumocócica ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Vacunas neumocócicas ,Pneumococcal meningitis ,Pneumococcal infections ,Pneumococcal vaccines ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en Cantabria en los años 1995-2001. Método: Consulta de los registros del conjunto mínimo básico de datos (CMBD) de los hospitales públicos de Cantabria, así como altas de los hospitales privados, registro de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria (EDO), y diagnósticos microbiológicos e historias clínicas de los niños ingresados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Cantabria (el hospital de referencia de tercer nivel). Resultados: Se obtuvo una incidencia de meningitis de 5,55, 5,03 y 0,76/100.000 en los niños < 2 años, ≥ 2 y < 5 años, y ≥ 5 años de edad, respectivamente, y de enfermedad invasiva de 11,11, 11,32 y 1,49/100.000 en los mismos grupos de edad. Conclusiones: La incidencia en Cantabria de meningitis y de enfermedad invasiva neumocócica es baja. Se discuten los factores a tener en cuenta para introducir la vacuna neumocócica conjugada en el calendario vacunal de Cantabria.Objective: To describe the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Cantabria (Spain) between 1995 and 2001. Method: We reviewed the records of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) of public hospitals in Cantabria, discharges from private hospitals and the registry of diseases of mandatory reporting, as well as the microbiologic diagnoses and medical records of children discharged from the Pediatric Service of the Cantabria Hospital (the tertiary care hospital in our autonomous community). Results: We obtained a meningitis incidence of 5.55, 5.03 and 0.76/100,000 in children < 2 years, ≥ 2 and < 5 years, and ≥ 5 years respectively, and an incidence of invasive disease of 11.11, 11.32 and 1.49/100,000 in the same age groups. Conclusions: The incidence of meningitis and invasive pneumococcal disease in Cantabria is low. We discuss factors that should be taken into account when introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the childhood immunization schedule of Cantabria.
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- 2003
16. Incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en Cantabria (1995-2001) e implicaciones para el calendario vacunal
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González A., Viloria L.J., Sanz J.A., and Ansorena L.
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Meningitis neumocócica ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Vacunas neumocócicas ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en Cantabria en los años 1995-2001. Método: Consulta de los registros del conjunto mínimo básico de datos (CMBD) de los hospitales públicos de Cantabria, así como altas de los hospitales privados, registro de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria (EDO), y diagnósticos microbiológicos e historias clínicas de los niños ingresados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Cantabria (el hospital de referencia de tercer nivel). Resultados: Se obtuvo una incidencia de meningitis de 5,55, 5,03 y 0,76/100.000 en los niños < 2 años, ≥ 2 y < 5 años, y ≥ 5 años de edad, respectivamente, y de enfermedad invasiva de 11,11, 11,32 y 1,49/100.000 en los mismos grupos de edad. Conclusiones: La incidencia en Cantabria de meningitis y de enfermedad invasiva neumocócica es baja. Se discuten los factores a tener en cuenta para introducir la vacuna neumocócica conjugada en el calendario vacunal de Cantabria.
- Published
- 2003
17. Efecto de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 10-valente en el área sur de Santiago de Chile, 2009-2015
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Cristian Lara, Gabriel Cavada, Jan Wilhelm, Sylvina Alvarado, Nury Azpilcueta, Rodolfo Villena, María Teresa Valenzuela, Isolda Budnik, and Ximena Salinas
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Vacinas pneumocócicas ,lcsh:Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,pneumonia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Investigación Original ,Chile ,Vacunas neumocócicas ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Pneumococcal vaccine ,neumonía ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,infecciones neumocócicas ,business ,Pneumococcal infections ,infecções pneumocócicas ,Humanities - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in the southern area of Santiago, Chile.An ecological study was conducted on the incidence of IPD and CAP in children under age 5 in the southern area of Santiago (Chile) from 2009 to 2015. The information used was from bacteriology laboratories in four hospitals, the Chilean Institute of Health Public (ISP), and hospital discharge records.A total of 6,461 cases of CAP and 173 cases of IPD were confirmed by the ISP; 169 of these cases were diagnosed in the bacteriology laboratories of the hospitals included in the study. When the incidence of cases in 2010 was compared to 2011-2015, the incidence ratio (IR) of IPD declined 10% annually (p=0.026) and CAP declined by 8% in the same period (p0.001). Days of hospitalization due to IPD were reduced by 39% (p0.001). Between 2009 and 2012, seven children died, but since then there have been no deaths due to these diseases.The introduction of the PCV-10 vaccine into the National Immunization Program has had a positive effect, with a significant reduction in IPD and CAP and in days of hospitalization due to IPD, while preventing cases and deaths.Avaliar o efeito da incorporação da vacina pneumocócica 10-valente (PCV 10) na incidência de doença pneumocócica invasiva (DPI) e pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) em crianças menores de cinco anos internadas em hospital.Foi realizado um estudo ecológico da incidência de DPI e PAC em crianças menores de cinco anos na região sul de Santiago, no Chile, de 2009 a 2015. As fontes de informação usadas foram os registros dos laboratórios de bacteriologia de quatro hospitais, dados do Instituto de Saúde Pública do Chile (ISP) e registros de altas hospitalares.Ao todo, 6.461 casos de PAC e 173 casos de DPI foram confirmados pelo ISP, dos quais 169 casos foram diagnosticados nos laboratórios de bacteriologia dos hospitais participantes do estudo. Ao comparar a incidência de casos entre 2010 e o período de 2011–2015, observou-se um declínio de 10% na taxa de incidência anual de DPI (p = 0,026) e de 8% na de PAC no mesmo período (p0,001). Os dias de leito ocupado por DPI tiveram uma redução de 39% ao ano (p0,001). Sete crianças morreram até 2012 e a partir daí não ocorreram mais mortes por estas doenças.A incorporação da vacina PCV-10 no programa nacional de vacinação surtiu um efeito positivo: houve uma redução significativa do número de casos de DPI e PAC e da ocupação de leitos por DPI e casos e mortes foram evitados.
- Published
- 2018
18. Effect of preoperative pneumococcal immunization on the incidence of respiratory infection in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery
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Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de Souza, Stéfani Galli, Mário Augusto Cray da Costa, and Dionizia Xavier Scomparin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumococcal Pneumonia ,Pneumonia pneumocócica ,Placebo ,Vacinas pneumocócicas ,Imunização ,Internal medicine ,Neumonía ,medicine ,Vacunas neumocócicas ,General Environmental Science ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Neumonía Neumocócica ,Respiratory infection ,Thoracic Surgery ,Cirugía Torácica ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,Cardiac surgery ,Pneumococcal vaccine ,Cirurgia Torácica ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Pneumococcal pneumonia ,Inmunización ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Immunization ,business ,Pneumococcal vaccines - Abstract
Objective: To analyze whether the incidence of respiratory infections in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery is lower in patients immunized with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. To study the main risk factors related to the development of infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methodology: 40 patients were included in the study, randomized 1: 1 to receive pneumococcal vaccine or placebo, 14 days before undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The incidence of infections in the 30 postoperative days was compared between groups. Results: There were 6 respiratory infections in the vaccine group and 2 in the placebo group (p=0.2024) and one death in the placebo group and none in the vaccine group (p=0.3173). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0.003), diabetes mellitus (p=0.047) and peripheral arterial disease (p=0.0001) were listed as risk factors for the development of infections, which generated an increase in hospital stay (95% CI : 1.33- 7.13; p =0.0147) and ICU stay in the postoperative period (95% CI: 1.87- 33.45; p=0.0025). Conclusion: The application of pneumococcal vaccine 13v did not influence the development of postoperative pulmonary infections. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease were identified as risk factors for the development of infections, increasing the length of total hospital stay and time in the ICU. Objetivo: Analizar si la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias tras la cirugía cardíaca es menor en los pacientes inmunizados con la vacuna neumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Estudiar los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con el desarrollo de infecciones en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Metodología: Se incluyeron en el estudio 40 pacientes, aleatorizados 1:1 para recibir la vacuna neumocócica o un placebo, 14 días antes de someterse a una cirugía cardíaca electiva. La incidencia de infecciones en los 30 días postoperatorios se comparó entre los grupos mediante el cálculo de la media, la mediana y el riesgo relativo, a través de las pruebas T de Student, Mann-Whitney, Fischer y Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se produjeron seis infecciones respiratorias en el grupo de la vacuna y dos en el grupo del placebo (p= 0,2024) y una muerte en el grupo del placebo y ninguna en el grupo de la vacuna (p= 0,3173). La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (p= 0,003), la diabetes mellitus (p=0,047) y la enfermedad arterial periférica (p=0,0001) se relacionaron como factores de riesgo para desarrollar infecciones, lo que generó un aumento de la duración de la estancia (IC 95%: 1,33- 7,13; p=0,0147) y de la estancia postoperatoria en la UCI (IC 95%: 1,87- 33,45; p= 0,0025). Conclusión: La aplicación de la vacuna neumocócica 13v no influyó en el desarrollo de infecciones pulmonares postoperatorias. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad arterial periférica fueron consideradas como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones, aumentando el tiempo de internamiento total y el tiempo de IU. Objetivo: Analisar se a incidência de infecções respiratórias no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas é menor em pacientes imunizados com a vacina pneumocócica conjugada 13- valente. Estudar quais os principais fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento de infecções nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Metodologia: Foram incluídos no estudo 40 pacientes, randomizados 1:1 para receber vacina pneumocócica ou placebo, 14 dias antes de serem submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca eletiva. A incidência de infecções nos 30 dias de pós-operatório foi comparada entre os grupos através de cálculos de média, mediana e risco relativo, pelos testes T de Student, Mann-Whitney, Fischer e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Ocorreram 6 infecções respiratórias no grupo vacina e 2 no grupo placebo (p= 0,2024) e um óbito no grupo placebo e nenhum no grupo vacina (p= 0,3173). Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (p= 0,003), diabetes mellitus (p=0,047) e doença arterial periférica (p=0,0001) foram relacionados como fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de infecções, que geraram aumento do tempo de internação (95% IC: 1,33- 7,13; p=0,0147) e permanência em UTI no pós-operatório (95% IC: 1,87- 33,45; p= 0,0025). Conclusão: A aplicação da vacina pneumocócica 13v não influenciou no desenvolvimento de infecções pulmonares pós-operatórias. Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, diabetes mellitus e doença arterial periférica foram apontadas como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecções, aumentando o tempo de internamento total e tempo em UTI.
- Published
- 2021
19. Economic impact of vaccination with PCV13 vs. vaccination with PCV 10 in Colombia.
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Díaz, Jorge, Urrego, José, Moreno, Alexander, Reyes, Juan, Peralta, Fernando, Prieto, Víctor, and Brown, Paul
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PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *VACCINATION , *PUBLIC health , *MENINGITIS , *PNEUMONIA , *SEPSIS , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
We aim was to estimate the difference of costs and expected cases from serotype coverage of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) and 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV10) in the population under 5 years of age in Colombia, using a deterministic model. We considered the probabilities of incidence, mortality and sequelae from infections of pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis and acute otitis media, as well as the clinical effectiveness of PCV13 and PCV10, which were determined by a systematic review of the literature. A2 + 1 immunization schedule was considered, and a 42% herd effect and 84.09% population coverage were assumed. The perspective was the Colombian health system with a time horizon of 5-years. The model showed greater protection of PCV13 in comparison to PCV10. A difference of 98 prevented deaths was observed for meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis. The opportunity cost difference found in the 5-year follow-up between PCV13 and PCV10 vaccines was COP (Colombian pesos) 36,128,082,380 at 2012 prices, which represents COP 7,225,616,476 of difference per year. PCV13 is considered the better alternative, this is mainly due to the impact that this vaccine has on the disease burden of the infections produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Colombian children under five years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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20. Health policy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from Tanzania on interventions to reduce under-five mortality.
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Makani, Julie, Soka, Deogratias, Rwezaula, Stella, Krag, Marlene, Mghamba, Janneth, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Cox, Sharon E., and Grosse, Scott D.
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- *
SICKLE cell anemia , *HEMOGLOBINOPATHY , *HEALTH policy , *MORTALITY , *NON-communicable diseases - Abstract
Tanzania has made considerable progress towards reducing childhood mortality, achieving a 57% decrease between 1980 and 2011. This epidemiological transition will cause a reduction in the contribution of infectious diseases to childhood mortality and increase in contribution from non-communicable diseases ( NCDs). Haemoglobinopathies are amongst the most common childhood NCDs, with sickle cell disease ( SCD) being the commonest haemoglobinopathy in Africa. In Tanzania, 10 313 children with SCD under 5 years of age (U5) are estimated to die every year, contributing an estimated 7% of overall deaths in U5 children. Key policies that governments in Africa are able to implement would reduce mortality in SCD, focusing on newborn screening and comprehensive SCD care programmes. Such programmes would ensure that interventions such as prevention of infections using penicillin plus prompt diagnosis and treatment of complications are provided to all individuals with SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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21. Vol. 26, nº 04. ENFERMEDAD NEUMOCOCICA INVASORA. ANDALUCIA, AÑO 2019
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Servicio de Vigilancia y Salud Laboral and Secretaría General de Salud Pública y Consumo
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Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Biological Products::Vaccines::Bacterial Vaccines::Streptococcal Vaccines::Pneumococcal Vaccines [Medical Subject Headings] ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiological Monitoring [Medical Subject Headings] ,Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Positive Bacteria::Gram-Positive Cocci::Streptococcaceae::Streptococcus::Streptococcus pneumoniae [Medical Subject Headings] ,Andalucía ,Enfermedades transmisibles ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Vigilancia epidemiológica ,Vacunas neumococicas ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Incidence [Medical Subject Headings] ,Salud poblacional ,Notificación de enfermedades ,Mortalidad ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Public Health Practice::Communicable Disease Control::Disease Notification [Medical Subject Headings] ,Incidencia ,Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Communicable Diseases [Medical Subject Headings] ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality [Medical Subject Headings] - Abstract
Yes Contiene Tabla de EDO Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria por provincias. Semana 03/2021 y acumulado desde semana 1/2021. Datos provisionales. Incluye además el artículo titulado 'ENFERMEDAD NEUMOCOCICA INVASORA. ANDALUCIA, AÑO 2019', de Virtudes Gallardo García, Nicola Lorusso. Servicio de Vigilancia y Salud Laboral.
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- 2021
22. Necrotizing pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children during the period of non-systematic use of PCV13 in Catalonia, Spain
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González-Peris S, Campins M, García-García JJ, Díaz-Conradi Á, Domínguez Á, Ciruela Navas P, Fernández de Sevilla-Estrach M, Hernández-Bou S, Munoz-Almagro C, Izquierdo C, Codina G, Uriona S, Esteva-Afonso C, Solé-Ribalta A, Soldevila N, Planes AM, Johanna Martínez Osorio, Salleras L, and Moraga-Llop F
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Neumonía necrosante ,Vacunas neumocócicas ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Pneumococcal pneumonia ,Pneumococcal vaccines ,Necrotizing pneumonia ,Neumonía neumocócica - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some studies have observed an increased incidence of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in recent years. This might be related to the emergence of non-vaccine S. pneumoniae serotypes after PCV7 introduction although it is suggested that evolutionary factors may have modified the virulence and the interactions of pneumococci. The aim of this study was to clinically and microbiologically define NP in the population served by the three major paediatric hospitals in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in patients
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- 2021
23. Missed Opportunities in Antipneumococcal Vaccination. Can Something More be Done for Prevention?
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Arencibia Jiménez, Mercedes, Navarro Gracia, Juan Francisco, Delgado de los Reyes, José Antonio, Pérez Torregrosa, Gerardo, López Parra, David, and López García, Pilar
- Abstract
Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Immunogenicity and safety of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Mexico.
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Brito, Maricruz Gutiérrez, Thompson, Allison, Girgenti, Douglas, Giardina, Peter C., Sarkozy, Denise A., Gruber, William C., Emini, Emilio A., and Scott, Daniel A.
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PNEUMONIA prevention , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *IMMUNOGENETICS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PATIENT safety , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN , *VACCINES - Abstract
Objective. To assess the safety and immune responses induced by a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) after immunization of infants in Mexico. Methods. PCV13 was given with other routine childhood vaccinations to 225 infants in Mexico at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Results. The proportions of subjects achieving immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations ≥ 0.35 µg/mL after the infant series and toddler dose were = 93.1% and = 96.7%, respectively, for all 13 serotypes. The serotype-specific pneumococcal IgG geometric mean concentrations after the infant series and toddler dose ranged from 1.18 to 9.13 µg/mL and from 1.62 to 15.41 µg/mL, respectively. The most common local reaction and systemic event after each dose were tenderness and irritability, respectively. Most fever was mild; no fever > 40.0°C (i.e., severe) was reported. One subject withdrew because of Kawasaki disease 5 days after the first dose of vaccines, but this condition was not considered related to PCV13. Conclusions. Overall, PCV13 administered with routine pediatric vaccines was immunogenic and safe in healthy infants in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
25. Impact of bacteremia in a cohort of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Palma, Ileana, Mosquera, Ricardo, Demier, Carmen, Vay, Carlos A., Famiglietti, Angela, and Luna, Carlos M.
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BACTEREMIA ,PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia ,COHORT analysis ,STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,CHRONIC kidney failure - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
26. Estandarización en Colombia de una prueba ELISA para la evaluación de los niveles séricos de anticuerpos IgG contra diez serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Leal-Esteban, Lucía Carolina, Rojas, Jessica Lineth, Jaimes, Andrea Lizeth, Montoya, Juan David, Montoya, Nilton Edu, Leiva, Lily, and Trujillo-Vargas, Claudia Milena
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STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,SERUM - Abstract
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- 2012
27. Invasive pneumococcal diseases among hospitalized children in Lima, Peru.
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Ochoa, Theresa J., Egoavil, Martha, Castillo, María E., Reyes, Isabel, Chaparro, Eduardo, Silva, Wilda, Campos, Francisco, and Sáenz, Andrés
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STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae , *JUVENILE diseases , *HOSPITAL care , *CHILD care , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines - Abstract
Objective. To determine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in pediatric patients in Lima, Peru. Methods. A 2-year, multicenter, passive surveillance study conducted from May 2006-April 2008 in 11 public hospitals and five private laboratories in Lima, Peru, in patients less than 16 years of age with sterile site cultures yielding S. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Switzerland). Strains were serotyped by the Quellung reaction. Results. In all, 101 IPD episodes were studied, 68.3% of which were among children less than 24 months of age. Diagnoses were: pneumonia (47.5%), meningitis (38.6%), and sepsis (7.9%). The overall case fatality rate was 22.0%; case fatality rate in meningitis was 32.4%. While 80.0% of fatal cases were in those less than 24 months of age, only 50.7% of non-fatal cases (P < 0.05) were in this age group. Resistance rates were high for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (76.2%), erythromycin (24.8%), and penicillin (22.8%). The most common serotypes were 14, 6B, 19F, 23F, and 5, which accounted for 69.7% of all strains and 87.0% of penicillin non-susceptible strains. Conclusion. IPD in hospitalized children in Lima is associated with high antimicrobial resistance levels and elevated case fatality rate, especially in young children. This baseline data will be useful for evaluating the effects of vaccine introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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28. Costo-efectividad de la vacunación universal antineumocócica en Uruguay.
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Larraz, Gustavo Giachetto, Ortiz, Héctor Telechea, Mourine, Noelia Speranza, Giglio, Norberto, Cané, Alejandro, García, María C. Pírez, Paiva, Liriana Lucas, Barrios, Carla Pallares, and Ruggiero, Juan Gesuele
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STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae , *BACTEREMIA , *MEDICAL economics , *EMPYEMA , *OTITIS , *CHILDREN'S health , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines - Abstract
Objective. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the program for universal vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Uruguay. Methods. A Markov model was developed that simulated a cohort of 48 000 children born in 2007 and their progress to age 76. The baseline case used a regimen of three doses with estimated protection for five years. The presumption of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness was based on studies conducted in the United States with ad- justment for serotype prevalence-incidence in Uruguay. The results were expressed as the incremental cost per life year gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) [gained]. Results. For the baseline case, the incremental cost was US $7334.60 for each LYG and US $4655.80 for each QALY. Eight deaths and 4 882 cases of otitis, 56 cases of bacteremia-sepsis, 429 cases of pneumonia, and 7 cases of meningitis were prevented. The model shows sensitivity to variations in vaccine cost, efficacy, and pneumonia-related mortality. Conclusions. The universal vaccination program with PCV7 in Uruguay is highly cost-effective. Therefore, it is recommended for other countries with burden of pneumococcal disease and serotype coverage similar to those of Uruguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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29. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Brazil.
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Vespa, Glaucia, Constenla, Dagna O., Pepe, Camila, Safadi, Marco Aurélio, Berezin, Eitan, Cássio De Moraes, José, Herrerias De Campos, Carlos Alberto, Vianna Araujo, Denizar, and De Andrade, Ana Lucia S. S.
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PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *VACCINATION , *PNEUMONIA , *OTITIS media , *VACCINES - Abstract
Objective. To compare the costs and benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination compared with no vaccination from the perspectives of the health care system and society. Methods. Using data from established sources, we estimated the incidence and mortality due to invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) for a hypothetical birth cohort of children from birth to 5 years. Results. A universal pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program was estimated capable of annually avoiding 1 047 cases of invasive disease, 58 226 cases of pneumonia, and 209 862 cases of AOM. When herd immunity effects were considered, the program prevented 1.3 million cases of pneumococcal disease and over 7 000 pneumococcal deaths. At a vaccination cost of R$ 51.12 (US$ 26.35) per dose, vaccination would cost annually R$ 4 289 (US$ 2,211) per disability-adjusted life years averted. This does not take into account herd immunity effects. Conclusions. At the current vaccine price, conjugate vaccination could be a cost-effective investment compared to other options to control childhood diseases. Further analysis is required to determine whether vaccination at the current price is affordable to Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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30. Costos médicos directos de enfermedades neumocócicas invasoras y neumonías con diagnóstico radiológico en niños chilenos.
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Lagos, Rosanna, Muñoz, Alma, Espinoza, Aníbal, Dowes, Ángela, Ruttimann, Ricardo, Colindres, Rómulo, and Levine, Myron M.
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MEDICAL care costs , *PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia , *PNEUMONIA in children , *CHILD health services , *PNEUMONIA vaccines , *HOSPITAL care of children , *HEALTH insurance - Abstract
Objectives. To determine the direct medical costs of health care services for cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia acquired in the community and confirmed by radiology (NAC-Rx) among Chilean children. Methods. A prospective follow-up study of the health services delivered to 594 children 0-35 months of age with IPD and 1 489 children 1-35 months with NAC-Rx, diagnosed and treated by organizations within public health network of the Región Metropolitana de Chile. The value of the health services was established according to rates supplied by the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA, the National Health Fund) and prices charged by two private clinics. The national IPD and NAC-Rx rates were estimated to calculate the total national economic burden for the population covered by state health insurance. Results. The mean cost of cases requiring hospitalization was US$ 1 056.20 for IPD and US$ 594.80 for NAC-Rx, while that of cases treated by out-patient services was US$ 77.70 and US$ 65.20, respectively. The cost of the same services for in-patient care at the private clinics was US$ 4 484.10 and US$ 2 962.70 at one clinic and US$ 9 967.50 and US$ 6 578.40 at the other. The estimated national annual cost of services for children under 5 years of age, according to FONASA rates, was US$ 789 045 for IPD and US$ 13 823 289 for NAC-Rx. Conclusions. The high demand for services and financial resources for NAC-Rx in children 0-3 years of age is a tremendously powerful public health reason to support the routine use of pneumococcal vaccination in Chilean children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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31. Childhood pneumococcal disease burden in Argentina.
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Augustovski, Federico Ariel, Martí, Sebastián García, Pichon-Riviere, Andrés, and Debbag, Roberto
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INFANT mortality , *PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia , *MENINGITIS in children , *BACTEREMIA , *SEPTICEMIA in children , *OTITIS media in children , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines - Abstract
Objectives. To understand the disease burden of pneumococcal disease (PD), a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Argentina, and to draw a baseline against which the need for and effectiveness of vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines might be measured. Methods. A Markov model was constructed to estimate incidence and mortality rates of PD--meningitis (MEN), bacteremia/septicemia (BACT), pneumonia (PNEU), acute otitis media (AOM)--among a hypothetical, birth cohort of 750 000 Argentine infants born in 2006-2015. A systematic review of the literature was performed to select and incorporate input parameters. Life years and costs in 2006 US$ were expressed as both undiscounted and discounted. Results. The number of PD episodes estimated to occur over a 10-year period in the hypothetical birth cohort were: MEN, 225; BACT, 2 841; PNEU, 2 628; and AOM, 2 066 719. Chronic sequelae of MEN could be expected to cause neurological damage in 43 children and severe hearing issues in 28. Results indicate that there would be 78 PD-related deaths in the cohort (29% due to MEN; 54%, BACT; and 17%, PNEU). The undiscounted life-expectancy for individuals in the birth cohort was estimated to be 72.4 years (29.0 years discounted). Mean, undiscounted, lifetime costs attributed to PD for each child of the cohort totaled US$ 167 (US$ 151 discounted), imposing a total, cohort cost-burden of more than US$ 126 million (US$ 113 million discounted). Conclusions. The study shows that PD imposes a significant health and economic burden on the Argentine population. This information is essential for assessing the potential health and economic impact of introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the national immunization schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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32. The burden of pneumococcal disease among Latin American and Caribbean children: review of the evidence.
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Valenzuela, Maria Teresa, O'Loughlin, Rosalyn, De La Hoz, Fernando, Gomez, Elizabeth, Constenla, Dagna, Sinha, Anushua, Valencia, Juan Esteban, Flannery, Brendan, and De Quadros, Ciro A.
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STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae , *JUVENILE diseases , *CHILD mortality , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
Objective. To conduct a comprehensive review of data on pneumococcal disease incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean and project the annual number of pneumococcal disease episodes and deaths among children < 5 years of age in the region. Methods. We carried out a systematic review (1990 to 2006) on the burden of pneumococcal disease in children < 5 years of age in the region. We summarized annual incidence rates and case fatality ratios using medians and interquartile ranges for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (including all-IPD and separately abstracting pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis data), pneumonia (all cause and radiologically confirmed), and acute otitis media by age group: < 1 year, < 2 years, and < 5 years. We modeled age-specific cumulative incidence of disease obtained from standard Kaplan-Meier analysis and projected data to obtain regional estimates of disease burden. We adjusted burden estimates by serotype coverage, vaccination coverage, and vaccine efficacy to estimate the number of cases and deaths averted. Results. Of 5 998 citations identified, 26 papers from 10 countries were included. The estimated annual burden of pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media caused by pneumococcus in children < 5 years of age ranged from 980 000 to 1 500 000, 2 600 to 6 800, and 980 000 to 1 500 000, respectively. An estimated 12 000 to 28 000 deaths due to pneumococcal disease occur in the region annually. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could save 1 life per 1 100 and prevent 1 case per 13 children vaccinated. Conclusion. A substantial burden of pneumococcal disease in the region is potentially preventable with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and should be considered in regional vaccine decision making. Results are limited by the very few studies, conducted in selected settings, included in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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33. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: a regional analysis.
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Sinha, Anushua, Constenla, Dagna, Valencia, Juan Esteban, O'Loughlin, Rosalyn, Gomez, Elizabeth, de la Hoz, Fernando, Valenzuela, Maria Teresa, and de Quadros, Ciro A.
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COST effectiveness , *DRUG efficacy , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *VACCINATION of infants , *PREVENTIVE health services - Abstract
Objective. In Latin America and the Caribbean, routine vaccination of infants against Streptococcus pneumoniae would need substantial investment by governments and donor organizations. Policymakers need information about the projected health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of vaccination when considering these investments. Our aim was to incorporate vaccine, demographic, epidemiologic, and cost data into an economic analysis of pneumococcal vaccination of infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We previously used a structured literature review to develop regional estimates of the incidence of disease. Cost data were collected from physician interviews and public fee schedules. We then constructed a decision analytic model to compare pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants with no vaccination across this region, examining only vaccine's direct effects on children. Results. Pneumococcal vaccination at the rate of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine coverage was projected to prevent 9 500 deaths per year in children aged 0 to 5 years in the region, or approximately one life saved per 1 100 infants vaccinated. These saved lives as well as averted cases of deafness, motor deficit, and seizure result in 321 000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) being averted annually. At vaccine prices between US$5 and US$53 per dose, the cost per DALY averted from a societal perspective would range from US$154 to US$5 252. Conclusion. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was highly cost-effective up to $40 per dose. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in the Latin American and Caribbean region is projected to reduce childhood mortality and to be highly cost-effective across a range of possible costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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34. Economic impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay.
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Constenla, Dagna O.
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PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *ECONOMIC impact , *VACCINATION , *DPT vaccines , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate the economic impact of vaccination with the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Methods. A decision analytic model was constructed to compare pneumococcal vaccination of children 0-5 years old with no vaccination in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Costs and health outcomes were analyzed from the societal perspective. Vaccine, demographic, epidemiologic, and cost data were incorporated into this economic analysis. Results. At the rate of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine coverage and a vaccine price of US$ 53 per dose, PCV7 was projected to prevent 23 474 deaths per year in children under 5 years old in the three countries studied, thus averting 884 841 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) yearly. To vaccinate the entire birth cohort of the three countries, total vaccine costs would be US$ 613.9 million. At US$ 53 per dose, the cost per DALY averted from a societal perspective would range from US$ 664 (Brazil) to US$ 2 019 (Chile). At a cost of US$ 10 per dose, vaccine cost is lower than the overall cost of illness averted (US$ 125 050 497 versus US$ 153 965 333), making it cost effective and cost-saving. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate that the incorporation of PCV7 vaccine at US$ 53 per dose confers health benefits at extra costs. It is unclear whether vaccination at the current price is affordable to these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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35. Community acquired pneumonia incidence among children less than 5 years of age in Concordia, Argentina: vaccination impact
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Hugo Cozzani, Maria Elisa Tito, Adriana Haidar, Federico Avaro, Raúl Ruvinsky, Fernando Gentile, Mabel Regueira, Omar Veliz, Carla Vizzotti, Sofia Fossati, Cristina Cortiana, Judit Kupervaser, Analía Rearte, and Maria Eugenia Cafure
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medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Pleural effusion ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Population ,programas de inmunización ,Argentina ,lcsh:Medicine ,vacunas neumococicas ,Booster dose ,programas de imunização ,Pneumonia pneumocócica ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Community-acquired pneumonia ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,vacinas pneumocócicas ,education ,Original Research ,immunization programs ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bacterial pneumonia ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,pneumococcal vaccines ,Neumonía neumocócica ,Vaccination ,Pneumonia ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,business ,Pneumonia, pneumococcal - Abstract
To measure the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) against Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease, 2 years after the vaccine (2+1) was included into the National Immunization Program of Argentina, and to describe variables associated with bacterial pneumonia and hospitalization.This was a prospective, population-based surveillance study of CAP incidence (ambulatory and hospitalized) among children less than 5 years of age in the Department of Concordia (Entre Rios, Argentina) from April 2014 - March 2016. The diagnosis of probable bacterial pneumonia (PBP) was determined following the standardized WHO protocol. Incidence during the post-vaccine introduction period was compared with the results from a previous study that used similar methodology for the pre-PCV13 introduction period from 2002 - 2005.During the study period, 330 patients had a clinical diagnosis of CAP, of which 92 were PBP (6 with pleural effusion). S. pneumoniae was not isolated from any sample. No factors associated with PBP were found in multivariable analysis. The decrease in PBP and pleural effusion was significant in relation to the previous study: 63% (P0.0001) and 80.9% (P0.003), respectively. PCV13 uptake was 97.3% for the 1st dose and 84.8% for the booster dose.PCV13 was effective to reduce incidence of consolidated pneumonia and pleural effusion, among children less than 5 years of age in Concordia, Argentina. Vaccination is a very effective public health strategy for reducing vaccine preventable diseases, with impact on burden of disease and hospitalization.Medir la efectividad de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada (VNC13)contra la neumonía extrahospitalaria y las enfermedades neumocócicas invasoras, dos años después de que se incorporara la vacuna (2+1) en el Programa Nacional de Vacunación de Argentina, y describir las variables asociadas con la neumonía bacteriana y la hospitalización.Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo de vigilancia poblacional de la incidencia de la neumonía extrahospitalaria (pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados) en menores de 5 años en el departamento Concordia (Entre Ríos, Argentina) desde abril del 2014 hasta marzo del 2016. Se determinó el diagnóstico de probable neumonía bacteriana según el protocolo estandarizado de la OMS. Se comparó la incidencia durante el período posterior a la incorporación de la vacuna con los resultados de un estudio anterior en el que se usó una metodología similar para el período previo a la incorporación de la VNC13 entre el 2002 y el 2005.Durante el estudio, 330 pacientes presentaron un diagnóstico clínico de neumonía extrahospitalaria, de los cuales 92 presentaron probable neumonía bacteriana (6 con derrame pleural). No se aisló ninguna muestra delLa VNC13 fue efectiva para reducir la incidencia consolidada de derrame pleural y neumonía en menores de 5 años en Concordia (Argentina). La vacunación es una estrategia de salud pública muy efectiva para reducir las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación, con repercusión en la carga de enfermedad y la hospitalización.Avaliar a efetividade da vacina pneumocócica conjugada (PCV13) em prevenir pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) e doença pneumocócica invasiva (DPI) após 2 anos da incorporação da vacina (2 + 1) ao Programa Nacional de Vacinação da Argentina e descrever as variáveis associadas à ocorrência de pneumonia bacteriana e internação hospitalar.Estudo prospectivo de base populacional de vigilância da incidência de PAC (atendimento ambulatorial e em internação hospitalar) em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade realizado no Departamento de Concordia, Entre Rios, na Argentina, de abril de 2014 a março de 2016. O diagnóstico de provável pneumonia bacteriana foi determinado segundo o protocolo padronizado da OMS. A incidência no período pós-introdução da vacina foi comparada aos resultados de um estudo anterior realizado com metodologia semelhante no período pré-introdução da PCV13 de 2002 a 2005.No período de estudo, foi feito o diagnóstico clínico de PAC em 330 pacientes, dos quais 92 foram casos de provável pneumonia bacteriana (6 com derrame pleural). A bactériaA PCV13 foi efetiva em reduzir a incidência de pneumonia com consolidação e derrame pleural em crianças menores de 5 anos em Concordia, na Argentina. A vacinação é uma estratégia de saúde pública muito efetiva para reduzir doenças que podem ser evitadas com vacina, com impacto na morbidade e nas internações hospitalares.
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- 2018
36. LA VACUNACIÓN ANTI-NEUMOCÓCICA CON LA VACUNA CONJUGADA 13-VALENTE EN POBLACIÓN INMUNOCOMPETENTE DE 65 AÑOS: ANALISIS DEL IMPACTO PRESUPUESTARIO EN ESPAÑA APLICANDO UN MODELO DE TRANSMISIÓN DINÁMICA
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Antoñanzas, Reyes Lorente, Malumbres, Juan Luis Varona, Villar, Fernando Antoñanzas, and Gutiérrez, Javier Rejas
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,Coste de la enfermedad ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,España ,lcsh:R ,Vacuna conjugada ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Adultos ,Gasto sanitario - Abstract
RESUMEN Fundamentos: Las infecciones causadas por el Streptococcus pneumoniae en el adulto tienen repercusiones importantes en la salud. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto económico y sanitario en 5 años de la vacunación de la cohorte española de 65 años inmunocompetente con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Métodos: Mediante un modelo de transmisión dinámica basado en ecuaciones diferenciales se analizó la carga de la enfermedad neumocócica (EN) en sujetos de 65 años en 5 años, siendo vacunada anualmente el 36,5% de la cohorte. Se aplicó la eficacia de la vacuna del 52,5% observada en el estudio CAPITA en pacientes de 65 años inmunocompetentes, cobertura de serotipos vacunales del 63,4% (estudio CAPA), incidencia de infección neumocócica de 162,2/100.000 casos año (CMBD 2010-2013) y proporción de vacunados previamente al arranque del modelo del 0,99%. La perspectiva fue la del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). Costes de casos de EN según CMBD y precio de venta de laboratorio de la vacuna conjugada. Resultados: En 5 años la vacunación con vacuna conjugada 13-valente espera evitar 10.360 casos de EN (7.411 hospitalizaciones por neumonías) y 699 muertes (14.736 años de vida ganados -AVG-), en una cohorte de 65 a 69 años de edad. El coste de vacunación esperado de 36,5 millones de euros se compensaría completamente por la reducción de 41,5 millones de costes médicos evitados, con un ahorro neto acumulado de 3,8 millones de euros a precios constantes (4,9 a precios corrientes). Conclusión: La vacunación con vacuna conjugada 13-valente en adultos de 65 años inmunocompetentes resulta eficiente para el Sistema Nacional de Salud, reduciendo la carga de enfermedad y evitando un número importante de muertes.
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- 2016
37. Impacto da vacina pneumocócica na redução das internações hospitalares por pneumonia em crianças menores de 5 anos, em Santa Catarina, 2006 a 2014
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Ilse Lisiane Viertel Vieira and Emil Kupek
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Gynecology ,Hospitalização ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Hospitalización ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Criança ,General Medicine ,Pneumonia ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Hospitalization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Niño ,Neumonía ,Medicine ,Vacunas Neumococicas ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vacinas Pneumocócicas ,business ,Child - Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: analisar o impacto da vacina pneumocócica conjugada (PCV10) nas internações hospitalares por pneumonia em menores de 5 anos de idade, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período 2006-2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus) em 2006-2009 (período pré-vacinal) e 2010-2014 (período pós-vacinal); tendências temporais foram avaliadas pelo coeficiente de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: comparados os períodos pré e pós-vacinal, a diferença percentual da taxa de internação por pneumonia em menores de 1 ano variou de -44,1% na região Oeste a -1,4% no Planalto Serrano, e nas crianças de 1-4 anos, de -37,1% no Planalto Norte a 16,9% no Planalto Serrano (p
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- 2018
38. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: a regional analysis.
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Anushua Sinha, Constenla, Dagna, Valencia, Juan Esteban, O'Loughlin, Rosalyn, Gomez, Elizabeth, de la Hoz, Fernando, Valenzuela, Maria Teresa, and de Quadros, Ciro A.
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MEDICAL care costs , *COST effectiveness , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae , *CHILDREN'S health - Abstract
Objective. In Latin America and the Caribbean, routine vaccination of infants against Streptococcus pneumoniae would need substantial investment by governments and donor organizations. Policymakers need information about the projected health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of vaccination when considering these investments. Our aim was to incorporate vaccine, demographic, epidemiologic, and cost data into an economic analysis of pneumococcal vaccination of infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We previously used a structured literature review to develop regional estimates of the incidence of disease. Cost data were collected from physician interviews and public fee schedules. We then constructed a decision analytic model to compare pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants with no vaccination across this region, examining only vaccine's direct effects on children. Results. Pneumococcal vaccination at the rate of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine coverage was projected to prevent 9 500 deaths per year in children aged 0 to 5 years in the region, or approximately one life saved per 1 100 infants vaccinated. These saved lives as well as averted cases of deafness, motor deficit, and seizure result in 321 000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) being averted annually. At vaccine prices between US$5 and US$53 per dose, the cost per DALY averted from a societal perspective would range from US$154 to US$5 252. Conclusion. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was highly cost-effective up to $40 per dose. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in the Latin American and Caribbean region is projected to reduce childhood mortality and to be highly cost-effective across a range of possible costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Repercusión de la desfinanciación de la vacuna antineumocócica en una población con recursos bajos
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Abbasi Pérez, A, Aparicio Rodrigo, M, and Ochoa Sangrador, C
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,Immunization coverage ,Cobertura de vacunación ,Pneumococcal vaccines ,Pneumococcal infections ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Otitis media ,Neumonía neumocócica ,Pneumonia, pneumococcal - Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: en junio de 2010, la Comunidad de Madrid incluyó en el calendario vacunal infantil la vacuna neumocócica conjugada tridecavalente. Por razones presupuestarias, se retiró de la financiación en julio de 2012 y hasta enero de 2015. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar cómo influyó este hecho en la cobertura vacunal y en la incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva, neumonía y otitis media aguda en una población de recursos económicos bajos y compararlo con los mismos datos publicados para el conjunto de la región. Material y métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de los casos de enfermedad neumocócica y cobertura vacunal en los niños nacidos entre mayo de 2012 y octubre de 2014 del centro de salud Entrevías (Madrid, España). Resultados: se encuentra una menor cobertura vacunal (66%; IC 95: 57,3 a 71,4) respecto a la media de la Comunidad de Madrid (77%). No hubo casos de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva y la incidencia de neumonías y otitis fue independiente del estado vacunal. El único factor asociado a la incidencia de otitis fue la asistencia a guardería. Conclusiones: la desfinanciación de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada condicionó la disminución de la cobertura vacunal por debajo de la media regional en una población de bajos recursos. No se encontró aumento de incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica, probablemente debido a la persistencia del efecto rebaño o a un tamaño muestral insuficiente. Abstract Introduction: in June 2010, the Community of Madrid introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the childhood vaccination schedule. Due to budgetary restrictions, public funding for the vaccine was withdrawn between July 2012 and March 2015. Our objective was to assess the impact of defunding on vaccination coverage and on the incidence of acute otitis media, pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in a low-income population, comparing these figures with those reported for the whole region. Methods and materials: Retrospective cohort study of pneumococcal disease and vaccination coverage in children born between May 2012 and October 2014 served by the Entrevías Primary Care Centre. Results: We found a decrease in vaccination coverage (66%, 95% CI: 57.3 to 71.4%) compared to the average in the Community of Madrid (77%). There were no cases of invasive pneumococcal disease, and the incidence of pneumonia and acute otitis media was independent of vaccination status. The only factor associated to the incidence of acute otitis was attendance to childcare centres. Conclusions: The defunding of the conjugate vaccine against thirteen pneumococcal serotypes caused a decrease in vaccination coverage in children from a low-income population. In this study, we did not find an increase in the incidence of pneumococcal disease, which may be due to the persistence of the herd effect or to an insufficient sample size.
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- 2017
40. Antibiotic resistance and distribution of serotypes of invasive pneumococcal strains isolated from hospitalized adults in Lima, Peru
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Francisco Campos, Juan D. Castro, Isabel Reyes, Andrés Sáenz, Wilda Silva, Roger Hernandez, Martha Egoavil, Maria E. Castillo, Eduardo Chaparro, Sofía M. Siccha, Olguita del Aguila, and Theresa J. Ochoa
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0301 basic medicine ,Streptococcus Pneumoniae ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Población Urbana ,vacunas neumocócicas ,030106 microbiology ,Hospitalización ,lcsh:Medicine ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.08 [https] ,inpatient ,farmacorresistencia bacteriana ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perú ,Peru ,medicine ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.01 [https] ,Adolescente ,Gynecology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Persona de Mediana Edad ,business.industry ,antimicrobial drug resistance ,adult ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Adulto Joven ,General Medicine ,adulto ,streptococcus pneumoniae, adulto, perú, farmacorresistencia bacteriana, vacunas neumocócicas ,Humanos ,Multicenter study ,Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación/efectos de los fármacos/genética/aislamiento & purificación ,Serogrupo ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
Objetivos. Describir las características clínicas, resistencia antibiótica y distribución de serotipos de cepas causantes de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI) en adultos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio tipo serie de casos. Se recolectaron cepas de neumococo de pacientes adultos hospitalizados con ENI en cinco hospitales nacionales y dos laboratorios de Lima durante los años 2009-2011. Resultados. Se estudiaron datos de 43 pacientes con ENI, el 58,2% fueron mayores de 60 años. Los diagnósticos fueron neumonía 39,5%, meningitis 30,2%, bacteriemia 13,9%, peritonitis 11,6%, artritis séptica 4,8%. El porcentaje de fallecidos fue 28,9%, de los cuales el 72,7% fueron mayores de 60 años. Las cepas de neumococo presentaron la siguiente resistencia: penicilina 0% en cepas no meningitis y 30,8% en cepas meningitis; ceftriaxona 4,5% y 16,7% de resistencia intermedia en cepas no meningitis y cepas meningitis respectivamente; 69% a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol y 35,7% a eritromicina. Los serotipos más comunes fueron 19F, 23F, 6B, 14 y 6C. El porcentaje de cepas vacunales fue 44,2% para la vacuna conjugada siete-valente (PCV7) y para la PCV10, 51,2% para PCV13 y 60,4% para la vacuna polisacárida veintitrés-valente (PPV23). Conclusiones. El neumococo es un patógeno relevante en adultos, en especial en los adultos mayores, debido a su elevada mortalidad. Objectives. To describe the clinical characteristics, antibiotic resistance, and distribution of serotypes of bacterial strains that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults. Materials and methods. Case series. Pneumococcal strains were isolated from 2009 to 2011 from hospitalized adult patients with IPD in five hospitals and two laboratories located in Lima. Results. The analysis of data from 43 patients with IPD indicated that 58.2% were older than 60 years. The most common complications were pneumonia (39.5%), meningitis (30.2%), bacteremia (13.9%), peritonitis (11.6%), and septic arthritis (4.8%). The mortality rate was 28.9%, and 72.7% of cases involved patients older than 60 years. The pneumococcal strains were resistant to the following antibiotics: penicillin, 0% and 30.8% in non-meningitis and meningitis strains, respectively; ceftriaxone, 4.5% and 16.7% in non-meningitis and meningitis strains, respectively; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 69.0%; and erythromycin, 35.7%. The most common serotypes were 19F, 23F, 6B, 14, and 6C. The percentage of vaccine strains was 44.2% for the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) and PCV10, 51.2% for PCV13, and 60.4% for the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Conclusions. Pneumococcus is an important pathogen in adults, particularly in older adults, owing to its high mortality rate.
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- 2017
41. Repercusión de la desfinanciación de la vacuna antineumocócica en una población con recursos bajos
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Abbasi Pérez,A, Aparicio Rodrigo,M, and Ochoa Sangrador,C
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,Cobertura de vacunación ,Infecciones neumocócicas ,Otitis media ,Neumonía neumocócica - Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: en junio de 2010, la Comunidad de Madrid incluyó en el calendario vacunal infantil la vacuna neumocócica conjugada tridecavalente. Por razones presupuestarias, se retiró de la financiación en julio de 2012 y hasta enero de 2015. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar cómo influyó este hecho en la cobertura vacunal y en la incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva, neumonía y otitis media aguda en una población de recursos económicos bajos y compararlo con los mismos datos publicados para el conjunto de la región. Material y métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de los casos de enfermedad neumocócica y cobertura vacunal en los niños nacidos entre mayo de 2012 y octubre de 2014 del centro de salud Entrevías (Madrid, España). Resultados: se encuentra una menor cobertura vacunal (66%; IC 95: 57,3 a 71,4) respecto a la media de la Comunidad de Madrid (77%). No hubo casos de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva y la incidencia de neumonías y otitis fue independiente del estado vacunal. El único factor asociado a la incidencia de otitis fue la asistencia a guardería. Conclusiones: la desfinanciación de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada condicionó la disminución de la cobertura vacunal por debajo de la media regional en una población de bajos recursos. No se encontró aumento de incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica, probablemente debido a la persistencia del efecto rebaño o a un tamaño muestral insuficiente.
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- 2017
42. Immunogenicity and safety of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Mexico
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Maricruz Gutiérrez Brito, Allison Thompson, Douglas Girgenti, Peter C. Giardina, Denise A. Sarkozy, William C. Gruber, Emilio A. Emini, and Daniel A. Scott
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Vacunas neumocócicas ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,México ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,neumonía ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,seguridad - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and immune responses induced by a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) after immunization of infants in Mexico. METHODS: PCV13 was given with other routine childhood vaccinations to 225 infants in Mexico at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The proportions of subjects achieving immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations ≥0.35 µg/mL after the infant series and toddler dose were ≥93.1% and ≥96.7%, respectively, for all 13 serotypes. The serotype-specific pneumococcal IgG geometric mean concentrations after the infant series and toddler dose ranged from 1.18 to 9.13 µg/mL and from 1.62 to 15.41 µg/mL, respectively. The most common local reaction and systemic event after each dose were tenderness and irritability, respectively. Most fever was mild; no fever >40.0°C (i.e., severe) was reported. One subject withdrew because of Kawasaki disease 5 days after the first dose of vaccines, but this condition was not considered related to PCV13. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, PCV13 administered with routine pediatric vaccines was immunogenic and safe in healthy infants in Mexico.
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- 2013
43. Impact of PCV10 pneumococcal vaccine on mortality from pneumonia in children less than one year of age in Santa Catarina State, Brazil
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Emil Kupek and Ilse Lisiane Viertel Vieira
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Mortalidad Infantil ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Motalidade Infantil ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Pneumonia ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vacunas Neumocócicas ,Infant Mortality ,Neumonía ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vacinas Pneumocócicas - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da vacina pneumocócica PCV10 na redução da mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças menores de um ano, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, considerando os quatro anos antes versus quatro anos após a introdução da vacina em 2010. Estudo com delineamento ecológico, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e das coberturas vacinais em menores de um ano de idade. Os dados foram agrupados por município de residência e macrorregião. A taxa média de mortalidade por pneumonia em menores de um ano no período 2006-2009 versus 2010-2013 diminuiu de 29,69 para 23,40 por 100 mil, uma redução de 11%. Porém, observa-se uma divisão entre regiões com redução (Grande Florianópolis, Sul, Planalto Norte e Nordeste) e outras com aumento do gradiente das taxas anuais (Oeste, Itajaí e Serra). No estado, verificou-se uma redução média da taxa de mortalidade, por pneumonia em menores de um ano, de 11% após quatro anos da implantação da vacina como rotina no Programa Nacional de Imunizações, porém com efeitos heterógenos entre as regiões. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PCV10 pneumococcal vaccine on mortality from pneumonia in children less than one year of age in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, comparing the four years prior and the four years subsequent to the vaccine's introduction in 2010. This ecological study used data from the Mortality Information System and vaccination coverage of children less than one year. Data were grouped by municipalities of residence and regions. Average mortality from pneumonia in children under one year decreased from 29.69 to 23.40 per 100,000, comparing 2006-2009 and 2010-2013, or a reduction of 11%. However there were differences between regions with a drop in mortality (Grande Florianópolis, Sul, Planalto Norte, and Nordeste) and others with an increase in the annual rates (Oeste, Itajaí, and Serra). In short, the state as a whole showed 11% reduction in mortality from pneumonia in children less than one year of age, four years after implementing routine PCV10 vaccination in the National Immunization Program, but with heterogeneous effects when comparing regions of the state. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la PCV10 en la reducción de mortalidad por neumonía en niños menores de un año en Santa Catarina, Brasil, teniendo en cuenta los cuatro años anteriores, frente a los cuatro años posteriores a la introducción de la vacuna en 2010. Este estudio ecológico se hizo con datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad y cobertura de vacunación en niños menores de un año de edad. Los datos se agruparon según el lugar de residencia y región. La tasa media de mortalidad por neumonía en niños menores de un año en el período 2006-2009, en comparación con 2010-2013, disminuyó de 29,69 a 23,40 por 100.000 habitantes, una reducción del 11%. Sin embargo, hay una división entre las regiones con la reducción (Florianópolis, Sur, Norte y Nordeste Meseta) y otra con el aumento del gradiente de tasas anuales (West, Itajaí y Serra). En el estado hubo una reducción media de mortalidad por neumonía en niños menores de un año de un 11%, tras cuatro años de aplicación de la vacuna en el Programa Nacional de Inmunización, pero con efectos heterogéneos entre regiones.
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- 2016
44. La vacunación anti-neumocócica con la vacuna conjugada 13-valente en población inmunocompetente de 65 años: análisis del impacto presupuestario en España aplicando un modelo de transmisión dinámica
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Lorente Antoñanzas, Mª Reyes, Varona Malumbres, Juan Luis, Antoñanzas Villar, Fernando Jesús, Rejas Gutiérrez, Javier, Lorente Antoñanzas, Mª Reyes, Varona Malumbres, Juan Luis, Antoñanzas Villar, Fernando Jesús, and Rejas Gutiérrez, Javier
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Background: Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumonie in adults have important health consequences. To estimate the 5-year clinical and economic impact of a pneumococcal vaccination program on immunocompetent population aged 65-year-old in Spain. Methods: A 5 year dynamic model based on differential equations was built for the conceptualization of the burden of pneumococcal disease (PD) on a 65 year-old cohort. A 36.5% of the cohort was vaccinated with an expected efficacy rate of 52.5% as observed in the CAPITA study. The serotype vaccination coverage used was 63.4% (CAPA study), the incidence of pneumococcal disease was 162.2 per 100,000 cases per year (CMBD 2010-2013) and a rate of vaccinated subjects previously from the start of the model of 0.99%. The study used the perspective of The National Health System, and included the costs associated to PD and the conjugate vaccine laboratory selling price. Results: In a 5 years-period, the vaccination with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is expected to avoid 10,360 cases of pneumococcal disease (7,411 in-patient pneumonias) and 699 deaths (14,736 Life Years Gained) in the 65 year old cohort. Vaccination costs of 36.5 million euros would be completely offset by medical cost reduction of 41.5 million euros, yielding to a net saving of 3.8 million constant euros (4.9 million undiscounted). Conclusion: PCV13 vaccination targeting the cohort of 65 year-old immunocompetent Spanish adults is expected to result in net savings for the National Health System, while decreasing disease burden and averting a substantial number of related deaths., RESUMEN Fundamentos: Las infecciones causadas por el Streptococcus pneumoniae en el adulto tienen repercusiones importantes en la salud. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto económico y sanitario en 5 años de la vacunación de la cohorte española de 65 años inmunocompetente con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Métodos: Mediante un modelo de transmisión dinámica basado en ecuaciones diferenciales se analizó la carga de la enfermedad neumocócica (EN) en sujetos de 65 años en 5 años, siendo vacunada anualmente el 36,5% de la cohorte. Se aplicó la eficacia de la vacuna del 52,5% observada en el estudio CAPITA en pacientes de 65 años inmunocompetentes, cobertura de serotipos vacunales del 63,4% (estudio CAPA), incidencia de infección neumocócica de 162,2/100.000 casos año (CMBD 2010-2013) y proporción de vacunados previamente al arranque del modelo del 0,99%. La perspectiva fue la del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). Costes de casos de EN según CMBD y precio de venta de laboratorio de la vacuna conjugada. Resultados: En 5 años la vacunación con vacuna conjugada 13-valente espera evitar 10.360 casos de EN (7.411 hospitalizaciones por neumonías) y 699 muertes (14.736 años de vida ganados -AVG-), en una cohorte de 65 a 69 años de edad. El coste de vacunación esperado de 36,5 millones de euros se compensaría completamente por la reducción de 41,5 millones de costes médicos evitados, con un ahorro neto acumulado de 3,8 millones de euros a precios constantes (4,9 a precios corrientes). Conclusión: La vacunación con vacuna conjugada 13-valente en adultos de 65 años inmunocompetentes resulta eficiente para el Sistema Nacional de Salud, reduciendo la carga de enfermedad y evitando un número importante de muertes.
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- 2016
45. Invasive pneumococcal diseases among hospitalized children in Lima, Peru Enfermedades neumocócicas invasoras en niños hospitalizados en Lima, Perú
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Theresa J. Ochoa, Martha Egoavil, María E. Castillo, Isabel Reyes, Eduardo Chaparro, Wilda Silva, Francisco Campos, and Andrés Sáenz
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,vacunas neumocócicas ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,niño hospitalizado ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,pneumococcal vaccines ,pneumococcal infections ,Perú ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Peru ,infecciones neumocócicas ,child, hospitalized ,cuidado del niño ,child care - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in pediatric patients in Lima, Peru. METHODS: A 2-year, multicenter, passive surveillance study conducted from May 2006- April 2008 in 11 public hospitals and five private laboratories in Lima, Peru, in patients less than 16 years of age with sterile site cultures yielding S. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Etest® (AB Biodisk, Solna, Switzerland). Strains were serotyped by the Quellung reaction. RESULTS: In all, 101 IPD episodes were studied, 68.3% of which were among children less than 24 months of age. Diagnoses were: pneumonia (47.5%), meningitis (38.6%), and sepsis (7.9%). The overall case fatality rate was 22.0%; case fatality rate in meningitis was 32.4%. While 80.0% of fatal cases were in those less than 24 months of age, only 50.7% of non-fatal cases (P < 0.05) were in this age group. Resistance rates were high for trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (76.2%), erythromycin (24.8%), and penicillin (22.8%). The most common serotypes were 14, 6B, 19F, 23F, and 5, which accounted for 69.7% of all strains and 87.0% of penicillin non-susceptible strains. CONCLUSIONS: IPD in hospitalized children in Lima is associated with high antimicrobial resistance levels and elevated case fatality rate, especially in young children. This baseline data will be useful for evaluating the effects of vaccine introduction.OBJETIVO: Determinar la epidemiología de la enfermedad neumocócica invasora y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos y la distribución de los serotipos de S. pneumoniae en pacientes pediátricos en Lima, Perú. MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico de vigilancia pasiva durante dos años, entre mayo del 2006 y abril del 2008, en 11 hospitales públicos y 5 consultorios privados de Lima, en pacientes menores de 16 años con cultivos de sitios estériles positivos para S. pneumoniae. Se determinó la sensibilidad a los antibióticos mediante Etest® (AB Biodisk, Solna, Suiza). Se serotipificaron las cepas mediante la reacción de Quellung. RESULTADOS: En total, se estudiaron 101 episodios de enfermedad neumocócica invasora, 68,3% de ellos en niños menores de 24 meses, con los siguientes diagnósticos: neumonía (47,5%), meningitis (38,6%) y septicemia (7,9%). La tasa de letalidad general fue de 22,0% y la tasa de letalidad por meningitis de 32,4%. Si bien 80,0% de los casos mortales ocurrió en menores de 24 meses, solo 50,7% de los casos no mortales (P < 0,05) ocurrió en este grupo de edad. Las tasas de resistencia fueron elevadas para trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (76,2%), eritromicina (24,8%) y penicilina (22,8%). Los serotipos más comunes, 14, 6B, 19F, 23F y 5, representaron 69,7% de todas las cepas, y 87,0% de las cepas no sensibles a la penicilina. CONCLUSIONES: La enfermedad neumocócica invasora en niños hospitalizados en Lima se asocia con altos niveles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos y una tasa de letalidad elevada, especialmente en niños pequeños. Estos datos iniciales serán útiles para evaluar los efectos de la introducción de las vacunas.
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- 2010
46. Costo-efectividad de la vacunación universal antineumocócica en Uruguay Cost-effectiveness of universal pneumococcal vaccination in Uruguay
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Gustavo Giachetto Larraz, Héctor Telechea Ortiz, Noelia Speranza Mourine, Norberto Giglio, Alejandro Cané, María C. Pírez García, Liriana Lucas Paiva, Carla Pallares Barrios, and Juan Gesuele Ruggiero
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,mass vaccination ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,vacunas neumocócicas ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,bacteriemia ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,empiema ,pneumococcal vaccines ,salud del niño ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,vacunación masiva ,farmacoeconomía ,empyema ,economics, pharmaceutical ,otitis ,child health ,Uruguay ,health economics ,bacteremia ,economía de la salud - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación costo-efectividad del programa de vacunación universal con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente (VCN7) en niños menores de 5 años en Uruguay. MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un modelo Markov simulando una cohorte de 48 000 niños nacidos en 2007 y su evolución hasta los 76 años de edad. El caso base usó un esquema de tres dosis con una duración estimada de protección de cinco años. La presunción de eficacia y efectividad de la vacuna se realizó acorde con estudios realizados en Estados Unidos con ajuste a la prevalencia-incidencia de serotipos en Uruguay. Los resultados se expresaron como costo incremental por año de vida ganado (AVG) y por año de vida [ganado] ajustado por calidad (AVAC). RESULTADOS: Para el caso base, el costo incremental fue de US$ 7 334,6 por AVG y US$ 4 655,8 por AVAC, previniéndose 8 muertes y 4 882 casos de otitis, 56 bacteriemias-sepsis, 429 neumonías y 7 meningitis. El modelo muestra sensibilidad a variaciones en eficacia, costo de la vacuna y tasa de mortalidad por neumonía. CONCLUSIONES: El programa de vacunación universal con VCN7 en Uruguay es altamente costo-efectivo y, en consecuencia, recomendable para otros países con carga de enfermedad neumocócica y cobertura de serotipos similares a Uruguay.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the program for universal vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Uruguay. METHODS: A Markov model was developed that simulated a cohort of 48 000 children born in 2007 and their progress to age 76. The baseline case used a regimen of three doses with estimated protection for five years. The presumption of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness was based on studies conducted in the United States with adjustment for serotype prevalence-incidence in Uruguay. The results were expressed as the incremental cost per life year gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) [gained]. RESULTS: For the baseline case, the incremental cost was US $7334.60 for each LYG and US $4655.80 for each QALY. Eight deaths and 4 882 cases of otitis, 56 cases of bacteremia-sepsis, 429 cases of pneumonia, and 7 cases of meningitis were prevented. The model shows sensitivity to variations in vaccine cost, efficacy, and pneumonia-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The universal vaccination program with PCV7 in Uruguay is highly cost-effective. Therefore, it is recommended for other countries with burden of pneumococcal disease and serotype coverage similar to those of Uruguay.
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- 2010
47. Necrotizing pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children during the period of non-systematic use of PCV13 in Catalonia, Spain.
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González-Peris S, Campins M, García-García JJ, Díaz-Conradi Á, Domínguez Á, Ciruela P, de Sevilla MF, Hernández S, Muñoz-Almagro C, Izquierdo C, Codina G, Uriona S, Esteva C, Solé-Ribalta A, Soldevila N, Planes AM, Martínez-Osorio J, Salleras L, and Moraga-Llop F
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Background: Some studies have observed an increased incidence of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in recent years. This might be related to the emergence of non-vaccine S. pneumoniae serotypes after PCV7 introduction although it is suggested that evolutionary factors may have modified the virulence and the interactions of pneumococci. The aim of this study was to clinically and microbiologically define NP in the population served by the three major paediatric hospitals in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain)., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in patients <18 years hospitalized due to invasive pneumococcal disease (January 2012-June 2016). Data of confirmed cases of pneumococcal NP (diagnosed by culture or DNA detection and serotyped) were collected. PCV13 was not systematically administered in Catalonia during the study period, but was available in the private market so the vaccination coverage in children increased from 48.2% to 74.5%., Results: 35 cases of NP were identified. 77.1% of cases were associated with empyema. In the first 4 years, a trend to a decrease in NP incidence was observed (p=0.021), especially in children <5 years (p=0.006). Serotype 3 was responsible for 48.6% of NP cases. Five patients with NP due to serotype 3 were fully vaccinated for their age with PCV13., Conclusions: Serotype 3 has a preeminent role in pneumococcal NP and was associated with all PCV13 vaccination failures. Although in our series the incidence does not seem to be increasing, evolution of pneumococcal NP rates should be monitored after inclusion of PCV13 in the systematic calendar., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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48. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Brazil Cálculo de la relación costo-efectividad de la vacuna conjugada antineumocócica en Brasil
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Glaucia Vespa, Dagna O. Constenla, Camila Pepe, Marco Aurélio Safadi, Eitan Berezin, José Cássio de Moraes, Carlos Alberto Herrerias de Campos, Denizar Vianna Araujo, and Ana Lucia S. S. de Andrade
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Brasil ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,vacunas neumococicas ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,pneumococcal vaccines ,pneumococcal infections ,análisis costo-eficiencia ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,infecciones neumocócicas ,cost efficiency analysis ,Brazil - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the costs and benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination compared with no vaccination from the perspectives of the health care system and society. METHODS: Using data from established sources, we estimated the incidence and mortality due to invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) for a hypothetical birth cohort of children from birth to 5 years. RESULTS: A universal pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program was estimated capable of annually avoiding 1 047 cases of invasive disease, 58 226 cases of pneumonia, and 209 862 cases of AOM. When herd immunity effects were considered, the program prevented 1.3 million cases of pneumococcal disease and over 7 000 pneumococcal deaths. At a vaccination cost of R$ 51.12 (US$ 26.35) per dose, vaccination would cost annually R$ 4 289 (US$ 2,211) per disability-adjusted life years averted. This does not take into account herd immunity effects. CONCLUSIONS: At the current vaccine price, conjugate vaccination could be a cost-effective investment compared to other options to control childhood diseases. Further analysis is required to determine whether vaccination at the current price is affordable to Brazil.OBJETIVO: Comparar los costos y los beneficios de la aplicación de la vacuna conjugada antineumocócica en comparación con la no vacunación, desde las perspectivas del sistema de salud y la sociedad. MÉTODOS: A partir de fuentes reconocidas, se estimaron la incidencia y la mortalidad por enfermedad neumocócica invasora, neumonía y otitis media aguda (OMA) para una cohorte hipotética de niños desde su nacimiento hasta los 5 años. RESULTADOS: Se estimó que un programa de vacunación universal con una vacuna conjugada antineumocócica sería capaz de evitar anualmente 1 047 casos de la enfermedad invasora, 58 226 casos de neumonía y 209 862 casos de OMA. Si se considera el efecto de la inmunidad de grupo, el programa evitaría 1,3 millones de casos de enfermedad y más de 7 000 muertes por infección neumocócica. A R$ 51,12 (US$ 26,35) por dosis, la vacunación costaría anualmente R$ 4 286 (US$ 2,211) por cada año de vida ajustado por discapacidad evitado, sin tomar en cuenta el efecto de la inmunidad de grupo. CONCLUSIONES: En comparación con otras opciones de control de estas enfermedades infantiles y con los precios actuales de la vacuna conjugada, la vacunación antineumocócica podría ser una inversión efectiva en función del costo. Se requieren más estudios para determinar si la vacunación es costeable para Brasil a los precios actuales.
- Published
- 2009
49. Costos médicos directos de enfermedades neumocócicas invasoras y neumonías con diagnóstico radiológico en niños chilenos Direct medical costs of invasive pneumococcal disease and radiologically-diagnosed pneumonia among Chilean children
- Author
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Rosanna Lagos, Alma Muñoz, Aníbal Espinoza, Ángela Dowes, Ricardo Ruttimann, Rómulo Colindres, and Myron M. Levine
- Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,vacunas neumocócicas ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Direct service costs ,pneumococcal vaccines ,pneumococcal infections ,salud del niño ,costos de la atención en salud ,health care costs ,child health ,Costos directos de servicios ,infecciones neumocócicas ,Chile - Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Determinar los costos médicos directos relacionados con la atención sanitaria de los casos de enfermedades neumocócicas invasoras (ENI) y neumonías adquiridas en la comunidad confirmadas mediante radiología (NAC-Rx) en niños chilenos. MÉTODO: Estudio de seguimiento prospectivo de las prestaciones de salud entregadas a 594 niños de 0 a 35 meses con ENI y 1489 niños de 1 a 35 meses con NAC-Rx, diagnosticados y tratados en establecimientos de la red pública de salud de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Las prestaciones se valoraron según las tarifas del Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) y los precios de dos clínicas privadas. Se estimó la incidencia nacional anual de ENI y NAC-Rx para calcular la carga económica total nacional de la población afiliada al seguro de salud estatal. RESULTADOS: Los costos promedio de los casos que requirieron hospitalización fueron US$ 1056,20 para las ENI y US$ 594,80 para las NAC-Rx, mientras que para los casos tratados en forma ambulatoria fueron US$ 77,70 y US$ 65,20, respectivamente. Los precios por los mismos servicios de internación fueron US$ 4484,10 y US$ 2962,70 en una de las clínicas privadas y US$ 9967,50 y US$ 6578,40 en la otra. El costo anual nacional estimado de la atención de los niños menores de 5 años según las tarifas de FONASA fue de US$ 789045 para las ENI y US$ 13823289 para las NAC-Rx. CONCLUSIONES: La alta demanda asistencial y económica por NAC-Rx en niños de 0 a 3 años es una razón de salud pública tremendamente poderosa que apoya el uso sistemático de la vacunación antineumocócica en niños chilenos.OBJECTIVES: To determine the direct medical costs of health care services for cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia acquired in the community and confirmed by radiology (NAC-Rx) among Chilean children. METHODS: A prospective follow-up study of the health services delivered to 594 children 0-35 months of age with IPD and 1 489 children 1-35 months with NAC-Rx, diagnosed and treated by organizations within public health network of the Región Metropolitana de Chile. The value of the health services was established according to rates supplied by the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA, the National Health Fund) and prices charged by two private clinics. The national IPD and NAC-Rx rates were estimated to calculate the total national economic burden for the population covered by state health insurance. RESULTS: The mean cost of cases requiring hospitalization was US$ 1056.20 for IPD and US$ 594.80 for NAC-Rx, while that of cases treated by out-patient services was US$ 77.70 and US$ 65.20, respectively. The cost of the same services for in-patient care at the private clinics was US$ 4484.10 and US$ 2962.70 at one clinic and US$ 9967.50 and US$ 6578.40 at the other. The estimated national annual cost of services for children under 5 years of age, according to FONASA rates, was US$ 789045 for IPD and US$ 13823289 for NAC-Rx. CONCLUSION: The high demand for services and financial resources for NAC-Rx in children 0-3 years of age is a tremendously powerful public health reason to support the routine use of pneumococcal vaccination in Chilean children.
- Published
- 2009
50. Childhood pneumococcal disease burden in Argentina Carga por enfermedad neumocócica en niños de Argentina
- Author
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Federico Ariel Augustovski, Sebastián García Martí, Andrés Pichon-Riviere, and Roberto Debbag
- Subjects
análisis costo-beneficio ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Meningitis neumocócica ,vacunas neumocócicas ,cost-benefit analysis ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Argentina ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,pneumococcal vaccines ,pneumococcal infections ,Meningitis, pneumococcal ,infecciones neumocócicas - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To understand the disease burden of pneumococcal disease (PD), a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Argentina, and to draw a baseline against which the need for and effectiveness of vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines might be measured. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to estimate incidence and mortality rates of PD-meningitis (MEN), bacteremia/septicemia (BACT), pneumonia (PNEU), acute otitis media (AOM)-among a hypothetical, birth cohort of 750 000 Argentine infants born in 2006-2015. A systematic review of the literature was performed to select and incorporate input parameters. Life years and costs in 2006 US$ were expressed as both undiscounted and discounted. RESULTS: The number of PD episodes estimated to occur over a 10-year period in the hypothetical birth cohort were: MEN, 225; BACT, 2 841; PNEU, 2 628; and AOM, 2 066 719. Chronic sequelae of MEN could be expected to cause neurological damage in 43 children and severe hearing issues in 28. Results indicate that there would be 78 PD-related deaths in the cohort (29% due to MEN; 54%, BACT; and 17%, PNEU). The undiscounted life-expectancy for individuals in the birth cohort was estimated to be 72.4 years (29.0 years discounted). Mean, undiscounted, lifetime costs attributed to PD for each child of the cohort totaled US$ 167 (US$ 151 discounted), imposing a total, cohort cost-burden of more than US$ 126 million (US$ 113 million discounted). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that PD imposes a significant health and economic burden on the Argentine population. This information is essential for assessing the potential health and economic impact of introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the national immunization schedule.OBJETIVOS: Analizar la carga que provoca la enfermedad neumocócica (EN), una importante causa de morbimortalidad infantil en Argentina y establecer una línea de base a partir de la cual se pueda medir la necesidad y la eficacia del uso de vacunas antineumocócicas conjugadas. MÉTODOS: Se elaboró un modelo de Markov para estimar las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por meningitis (MEN), bacteremia/septicemia (BACT), neumonía (PNEU) y otitis media aguda (AOM) asociadas con la EN, en una cohorte hipotética de 750 000 niños nacidos en Argentina entre 2006 y 2015. Se realizó una revisión sistemática para seleccionar los parámetros de entrada y utilizarlos en el modelo. Los resultados se expresaron en años de vida y costos en dólares estadounidenses (US$), con descuento y sin descuento. RESULTADOS: Los episodios de EN que se estima ocurrirían en un período de 10 años en la cohorte hipotética serían 225 MEN, 2 841 BACT, 2 628 PNEU y 2 066 719 AOM. Las secuelas crónicas de las MEN podrían causar daños neurológicos en 43 niños y trastornos auditivos graves en 28. Estos resultados indican que en esta cohorte habría 78 muertes asociadas con la EN (29% por MEN, 54% por BACT y 17% por PNEU). La esperanza de vida sin descuento estimada para los niños de la cohorte fue de 72,4 años (con descuento de 29,9 años). Los costos promedio sin descuento atribuidos a la EN por cada niño de la cohorte durante toda la vida fueron de US$ 167 (con descuento de US$ 151), lo que provocaría un costo total para la cohorte de más de US$ 126 millones (con descuento de US$ 113 millones). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados demuestran que la EN impone una carga sanitaria y económica significativa a la población argentina. Esta información es esencial para evaluar el posible impacto sanitario y económico de la introducción de la vacuna conjugada antineumocócica en el programa nacional de vacunación.
- Published
- 2009
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