8 results on '"Vacuna contra la tos ferina"'
Search Results
2. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pertussis epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1980-2015.
- Author
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Folaranmi, Temitope, Pinell-McNamara, Veronica, Griffith, Matthew, Yongping Hao, Coronado, Fatima, and Briere, Elizabeth C.
- Abstract
Objectives. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), pertussis disease incidence has reportedly increased since 2000 despite high vaccine coverage. A systematic review of pertussis literature and a meta-analysis was conducted to understand the burden of disease in LAC. Methods. A systematic literature review was completed, using relevant search terms. Original articles describing pertussis epidemiology and vaccine coverage in LAC published between 1980 and 2015 were identified. Applying a Bayesian meta-analysis random-effects model, we calculated pooled estimates and corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) for pertussis incidence, case fatality ratio (CFR), pertussis prevalence among contacts, and coverage with three doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine (DTP3). Results. A total of 59 studies meeting our selection criteria were identified, representing 15 countries. Of the 59, 15 of them provided incidence data, with 7 of the 15 reporting a pertussis case definition. The pertussis incidence estimate for the 1980-1999 period was 17.8 cases per 100 000 persons (95% CrI: 5.9-29.7); for the 2000-2015 period, it was 2.5 cases per 100 000 persons (95% CrI: 1.8-3.2). For the 1980-2015 period, the CFR, in 19 studies reviewed, was 3.9% (95% CrI: 2.9%-4.9%); for that same period, in 5 studies reviewed, pertussis prevalence among contacts was 24.9% (95% CrI: 13.7%-36.1%). Pooled DTP3 vaccine coverage estimates, in a total of 20 studies reviewed for the following three time periods, were: 1980-1990, 72.4% (95% CrI: 64.6%-80.2%); 1991-2000, 79.0% (95% CrI: 66.1%-91.9%); and 2001-2015, 90.0% (95% CrI: 87.7%-92.3%). Conclusion. A decrease in pertussis incidence and an achievement of moderately high DTP3 vaccine coverage since the early 2000s was observed. The review highlights the need for increased publication of pertussis data at the country level and for LAC as a whole in order to better understand the true burden of the disease. Application of a standardized case definition and use of active case finding would aid in obtaining more accurate estimates of the disease burden in LAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
3. Epidemiological situation of pertussis in the Federal District between 2007 and 2016
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Vanessa Avelar and Rosangela Maria Magalhães Ribeiro
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ,Vacuna contra la tos ferina ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Disease ,Notification system ,Notificación obligatoria ,Bordetella pertussis ,Pertussis vaccine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Epidemiología ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Epidemiologia ,030505 public health ,R723-726 ,business.industry ,Tetanus ,Diphtheria ,Vacina contra coqueluche ,medicine.disease ,Vaccination ,Philosophy ,Notificação compulsória ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Mandatory reporting ,Acellular pertussis - Abstract
Resumo A vigilância da coqueluche intensificou-se no Brasil com o aumento de casos a partir de 2012. Em 2015, a quantidade de notificações no Distrito Federal diminuiu, possivelmente devido à introdução da vacina adsorvida difteria, tétano e pertussis acelular para gestantes em novembro de 2014 no país. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, baseado na revisão das notificações compulsórias de coqueluche no Sistema de Notificação Nacional entre 2007 e 2016. Constatou-se que a doença atinge principalmente crianças menores de 1 ano com esquemas vacinais incompletos. A administração dessa vacina para gestantes mostrou-se importante ferramenta para proteger bebês menores de 6 meses. Abstract Pertussis monitoring intensified in Brazil with the increase of cases since 2012. In 2015, the number of notifications in the Federal District decreased, possibly due to the introduction of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine for pregnant women in November 2014 in the country. This is a descriptive study based on the review of compulsory pertussis reporting in the National Notification System between 2007 and 2016. It was found that the disease mainly affects children under one year of age with incomplete vaccination regimens. The administration of this vaccine to pregnant women has proved to be an important tool to protect babies under six months. Resumen La vigilancia de la tos ferina se intensificó en Brasil con el aumento de casos a partir de 2012. En 2015, la cantidad de notificaciones en el Distrito Federal disminuyó, posiblemente debido a la introducción de la vacuna contra la difteria, el tétanos y la pertussis acelular para gestantes, en noviembre de 2014, en el país. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, basado en la revisión de las notificaciones obligatorias de tos ferina en el Sistema de Notificación Nacional, entre 2007 y 2016. Se constató que la enfermedad afecta principalmente a niños menores de 1 año con regímenes de vacunación incompletos. La administración de esta vacuna a mujeres embarazadas se mostró como una importante herramienta para proteger a los bebés menores de 6 meses.
- Published
- 2020
4. Pertussis booster vaccine for adolescents and young adults in São Paulo, Brazil
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Angela Carvalho Freitas, Valdir Okano, and Júlio Cesar Rodrigues Pereira
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Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina ,administración & dosificación ,Tos Ferina ,prevención & control ,Cobertura Vacunal ,Modelos Matemáticos ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a model to assess different strategies of pertussis booster vaccination in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: A dynamic stationary age-dependent compartmental model with waning immunity was developed. The "Who Acquires Infection from Whom" matrix was used to modeling age-dependent transmission rates. There were tested different strategies including vaccine boosters to the current vaccination schedule and three of them were reported: (i) 35% coverage at age 12, or (ii) 70% coverage at age 12, and (iii) 35% coverage at age 12 and 70% coverage at age 20 at the same time. RESULTS: The strategy (i) achieved a 59% reduction of pertussis occurrence and a 53% reduction in infants while strategy (ii) produced 76% and 63% reduction and strategy (iii) 62% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pertussis booster vaccination at age 12 proved to be the best strategy among those tested in this study as it achieves the highest overall reduction and the greatest impact among infants who are more susceptible to pertussis complications.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Case study of a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode from an alleged adverse effect following vaccination and immunization
- Author
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Arriola, Andrea and Romero, Mario
- Subjects
Vacinação ,Episódio de hipotonia e hiperacatividade ,Vaccination ,Vacunación ,Episodio hipotonía-hiporreactividad ,Vacuna contra la tos ferina ,Vacina contra coqueluche ,Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode ,Pertussis vaccine - Abstract
Resumen: El desarrollo de la vacunación a nivel mundial ha permitido el control de algunas enfermedades infecciosas, constituyéndose en una poderosa herramienta de salud pública. Asimismo, se han identificado algunos efectos secundarios neurológicos, como el denominado episodio de hipotonía-hiporreactividad, evento supuestamente atribuido a la vacunación e inmunización. Si bien es poco frecuente, se considera un efecto adverso severo. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar un caso y revisar la literatura sobre el tema. Se presenta una lactante de 2 meses que luego de tres horas de recibir la primera dosis de la vacuna combinada pentavalente, presenta episodio de hipotonía con cianosis de segundos de duración. Este episodio se caracteriza por presentarse horas después de la administración de la vacuna con un inicio súbito de hipotonía generalizada, hiporreactividad y palidez cutánea o cianosis. El diagnóstico es de exclusión, ya que se presenta en lactante de aspecto grave. La mayoría de los episodios se han relacionado con el componente pertussis, ya sea celular o acelular. La vigilancia de los ESAVI es un pilar fundamental para desarrollar esquemas de vacunación eficaces y seguros para toda la población. Summary: The global development of vaccines has enabled us to control some infectious diseases and has become a powerful public health tool. Despite this, vaccines have some neurological side effects, such as the so-called Hypotonic-Hyporesponsive Episode (HHE), an adverse event following vaccination and immunization (AEFI). Even though it is rare, it is considered to be a severe adverse effect. The objective of this article is to report about a HHE case and to review the literature on the subject. The case is of a 2-month-old infant who, after 3 hours of receiving the first dose of the combined pentavalent vaccine, developed a hypotonic episode with cyanosis of seconds of duration. HHE usually happens hours after the vaccine is administered and it shows a sudden onset of generalized hypotonia, hyporesponsiveness, pale skin or cyanosis. A diagnosis of exclusion was made, since the symptoms looked serious on the infant. Most episodes have been linked to cellular or acellular pertussis. It is essential to carry out AEFI surveillance in order to develop effective and safe vaccination schedules for the entire population. Resumo: O desenvolvimento global de vacinas há permitido controlar algumas doenças infeccionas tornando-se uma poderosa ferramenta de saúde pública. Apesar disso, elas têm alguns efeitos colaterais neurológicos, como o chamado Episódio Hipotônico-Hiporresponsivo (EHH), um evento adverso pós-vacinação e imunização (EAPV). Embora seja raro, é considerado um efeito adverso grave. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de EHH e revisar a literatura sobre o assunto. O relato de caso é de uma criança de 2 meses de idade quem, após 3 horas de recebimento da primeira dose da vacina pentavalente combinada, desenvolveu um episódio hipotônico com cianose de segundos de duração. O EHH geralmente ocorre horas após a administração da vacina e mostra um início repentino de hipotonia generalizada, hiporresponsividade, pele pálida ou cianose. O diagnóstico foi de exclusão, pois os sintomas no bebê eram sérios. A maioria dos episódios foi associada à pertussis celular ou acelular. É essencial realizar a vigilância da EAPV para desenvolver cronogramas de vacinação eficazes e seguros para toda a população.
- Published
- 2020
6. Tos ferina a pediatria: factors pronòstic d’evolució en el pacient hospitalitzat
- Author
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Riera Bosch, Maria Teresa, Soler Palacin, Pere, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva
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Vacuna antipertússica ,Whooping cough ,616.9 ,Embarazo ,Embaràs ,Vacuna contra la tos ferina ,Tos ferina ,Pregnacy ,Ciències de la Salut ,Pertussis vaccine - Abstract
Objectius Identificar els factors pronòstic de mala evolució de tos ferina en els pacients pediàtrics hospitalitzats. Detallar l’impacte de la campanya de vacunació de dones embarassades contra la tos ferina en el nombre de pacients ingressats o en la gravetat de les formes clíniques. Mètodes Es practica un estudi descriptiu, retrospectiu i observacional de tipus cohort per revisió d’històries clíniques dels pacients menors de 18 anys ingressats al Vall d’Hebron Campus Hospitalari amb diagnòstic confirmat de tos ferina de març de 2002 a febrer de 2016. En una primera fase es valoren les característiques epidemiològiques, clíniques, de tractament i d’evolució, fent especial èmfasi en els factors associats a mala evolució. Es compara el grup amb evolució favorable amb el grup amb evolució desfavorable. En una segona fase es pren en consideració l’impacte de la campanya de vacunació en embarassades. Es compara el grup de nens ingressats en el període amb campanya d’immunització en dones embarassades amb el grup que no pertany al període de vacunació durant la gestació. Resultats Primera fase Van ingressar 214 infants amb tos ferina confirmada microbiològicament (per reacció en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) 211 i per cultiu 97). Un 50,5% dels ingressats van ser de sexe femení. L’edat mediana va ser de 61 dies (rang interquartílic (RIQ) 39–105,25). La font d’infecció més freqüent van ser els germans, seguits de les mares. L’únic antecedent freqüent va ser la prematuritat (12,1%). L’evolució va ser desfavorable (van requerir ingrés a la UCIP) en el 19,6% dels pacients. Tres pacients van ser exitus (1,4%) i tres més van patir seqüeles (1,4%). L’edat inferior a 60 dies, la presència d’apnea i una xifra elevada de limfòcits inicials (> 10.000/mm3) van ser factors de mal pronòstic en l’anàlisi multivariant. Cap dels pacients que va ingressar a la UCIP havia rebut una dosi efectiva d’immunització contra la tos ferina administrada al nen. L’administració tardana de macròlids en el cas de tos ferina en el lactant comporta una major probabilitat d’ingrés a la UCIP. Segona fase comparativa de dos anys pre- i postcampanya d’immunització en dones embarassades (març de 2012 a febrer de 2016) En aquests 4 anys van ingressar 62 pacients: 35 en el període prevacunació i 27 durant el període posterior. Els grups pre- i postcampanya d’immunització en dones embarassades van ser comparables per a la majoria de característiques (edat, sexe, estada hospitalària o hemograma inicial). No hi va haver diferències entre els dos grups quant a la necessitat d’ingrés a la UCIP (9 versus 4; p=0,058). Dels 27 infants ingressats en període amb campanya d’immunització en dones embarassades, la majoria (22) no havien rebut immunització les seves mares; cinc mares havien estat vacunades durant la gestació (un d’aquests nens va ingressar a la UCIP). Dels pacients que les seves mares havien estat immunitzades durant la gestació un era prematur i dos eren majors de 4 mesos. Conclusions Una menor edat, l’absència d’immunitzacions contra la B. pertussis administrades al nen, l’apnea, el retard en l’administració de macròlid i una xifra de limfòcits inicials elevada (> 10.000/mm3) són factors de mal pronòstic en la cohort d’aquest estudi. Atès que durant la campanya d’immunització en dones embarassades la majoria de nens que ingressen per tos ferina són infants les mares dels quals no varen rebre la vacuna, cal intentar ampliar la cobertura en dones embarassades. La immunització materna contra la tos ferina no descarta del tot l’ingrés del lactant per tos ferina, però és la manera que hi ha d’intentar protegir el lactant abans de poder-li administrar les primeres vacunes. Objectives: Identifying prognostic factors for bad clinical outcome of whooping cough patients who are admitted to the hospital. Detailing the possible impact of the vaccination campaign against whooping cough in pregnant women on the number of admitted patients and/or clinical severity. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and observational cohort study was performed by reviewing the clinical records of patients younger than 18 years old admitted to Vall d’Hebron Hospital Campus from March 2002 to February 2016 with microbiologically confirmed whooping cough. In the first phase, an evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolution features was performed, with special emphasis on the factors associated with poor evolution. The group with a favorable outcome was compared with the group with unfavorable evolution. In the second phase, the impact of the campaign of vaccination in pregnancy was considered. A comparison was carried out between the group of children admitted during the campaign of immunization in pregnancy and the group that did not belong to this campaign period. Results: First phase: Two hundred and fourteen children with whooping cough with microbiological confirmation (by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 211 and 97 by isolation of B. pertussis or B. parapertussis from a clinical specimen) were included. 50.5% of those who were admitted were female. The median age was 61 days (interquartile range (IQR): 39–105.25). The most common epidemiological source were siblings, followed by mothers. The only frequent pathological condition was prematurity (12.1%). Evolution was unfavorable (admission in PICU required) in 19.6% of patients. Three patients died (1.4%) and three had some sequelae (1.4%). Median age of less than 60 days, the presence of apnea, and an elevated count of lymphocytes (> 10.000/mm3) in the initial blood test were bad prognosis factors in the multivariate analysis. None of the admitted patients in the PICU had received an effective dose of vaccination against pertussis. Late administration of macrolides in the case of pertussis in the infant implies a higher probability of being admitted to the PICU. Second phase comparison of two years pre- and post- campaign of vaccinating pregnant women (March 2012 to February 2016): In this four-year period, 62 patients were admitted to the hospital: 35 in the period before vaccinating pregnant women and 27 in the period after. The pre- and post- campaign of vaccinating pregnant women groups were comparable in the majority of baseline features (age, sex, hospital stay or initial blood count). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the need for entry into the PICU (9 versus 4; p=0.058). Of the 27 children belonging to the maternal vaccination period, the vast majority of the mothers (22) had not received the vaccine during gestation, despite recommendation. Of the 5 children born to vaccinated mothers, one was a preterm baby, two were older than four months and one required admission to the PICU. Conclusions: Younger age, absence of immunizations against B. pertussis received by the child, apnea, delay in the administration of macrolides and a high number of lymphocytes in the initial blood test (> 10.000/mm3) were defined as unfavorable prognostic factors in our cohort. Since most of children admitted to hospital during the vaccination campaign in pregnant women are children whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy, it would seem necessary to expand vaccination coverage. Vaccination during pregnancy does not exclude admission of the infant for pertussis, but it seems to be an appropriate way to protect infants from severe clinical forms before the first vaccinations can be administered.
- Published
- 2019
7. Evaluación de refuerzos vacunales contra la tosferina para adolescentes y adultos en la ciudad de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil
- Author
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Júlio Cesar Rodrigues Pereira, Angela Carvalho Freitas, and Valdir Okano
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Whooping Cough ,administration & dosage ,Immunization, Secondary ,prevention & control ,administración & dosificación ,Mass Vaccination ,Young Adult ,Vacina contra Coqueluche ,Humans ,Child ,Tos Ferina ,Immunization Schedule ,Pertussis Vaccine ,Mathematical Models ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Immunization Coverage ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Modelos Matemáticos ,Coqueluche ,Models, Theoretical ,Cobertura Vacunal ,Cobertura Vacinal ,prevenção & controle ,prevención & control ,administração & dosagem ,Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina ,Brazil - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a model to assess different strategies of pertussis booster vaccination in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: A dynamic stationary age-dependent compartmental model with waning immunity was developed. The "Who Acquires Infection from Whom" matrix was used to modeling age-dependent transmission rates. There were tested different strategies including vaccine boosters to the current vaccination schedule and three of them were reported: (i) 35% coverage at age 12, or (ii) 70% coverage at age 12, and (iii) 35% coverage at age 12 and 70% coverage at age 20 at the same time. RESULTS: The strategy (i) achieved a 59% reduction of pertussis occurrence and a 53% reduction in infants while strategy (ii) produced 76% and 63% reduction and strategy (iii) 62% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pertussis booster vaccination at age 12 proved to be the best strategy among those tested in this study as it achieves the highest overall reduction and the greatest impact among infants who are more susceptible to pertussis complications. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo capaz de acessar resultados de diferentes possíveis estratégias de reforço vacinal contra a coqueluche, na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: O modelo matemático dinâmico proposto é dependente da idade e considerou perda da imunidade vacinal com o avanço da idade. A matriz "who acquire infection from whom" foi utilizada para inserir as diferentes dinâmicas de contatos entre os grupos etários. Diferentes estratégias vacinais foram testadas, acrescentando reforços vacinais ao atual esquema utilizado, e três diferentes estratégias foram reportadas: (i) 35% ou (ii) 70% de cobertura vacinal na idade de 12 anos e (iii) coberturas vacinais de 35% aos 12 anos e 70% aos 20 anos ao mesmo tempo. RESULTADOS: A estratégia (i) produziu redução de 59% nos casos de coqueluche e 53% de redução entre os menores de um ano; a estratégia (ii) alcançou redução de 76% nos casos e de 63% entre os menores de um ano; a estratégia (iii) reduziu em 62% o total de casos e 54% entre os menores de um ano. DISCUSSÃO: Reforço vacinal contra a coqueluche aos 12 anos é a melhor estratégia dentre as testadas, pois gera maior redução de casos em todas as idades e alcança maior impacto entre os menores de um ano, os mais vulneráveis às complicações da coqueluche. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un modelo capaz de acceder resultados de diferentes posibles estrategias de refuerzo vacunal contra la tosferina, en la ciudad de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil. MÉTODOS: El modelo matemático dinámico propuesto es dependiente de la edad y consideró pérdida de la inmunidad vacunal con el avance de la edad. La matriz "who acquire infection from whom" fue utilizada para insertar las diferentes dinámicas de contactos entre los grupos de edad. Diferentes estrategias vacunales fueron evaluadas, añadiendo refuerzos vacunales al actual esquema utilizado, e tres diferentes estrategias fueron reportadas: (i) 35% o (ii) 70% de cobertura vacunal en la edad de 12 años e (iii) coberturas vacunales de 35% a los 12 años y 70% a los 20 años al mismo tiempo. RESULTADOS: La estrategia (i) produjo reducción de 59% en los casos de tosferina y 53% de reducción entre los menores de un año; la estrategia (ii) alcanzó reducción de 76% en los casos y de 63% entre los menores de un año; la estrategia (iii) redujo en 62% el total de casos y 54% entre los menores de un año. DISCUSIÓN: Refuerzo vacunal contra la tosferina a los 12 años es la mejor estrategia entre las evaluadas, pues genera mayor reducción de casos en todas las edades y alcanza mayor impacto entre los menores de un año, los mas vulnerables a las complicaciones de la tosferina.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Tosferina, una enfermedad prevalente
- Author
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Durán Bolaños, Gustavo, Monge Castro, Cinthya, Herrera Mora, Giovanni, and Gamboa Montero, Mark
- Subjects
Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina ,Whooping Cough ,Pertussis Vaccine ,Tos Ferina ,Bordetella pertussis - Abstract
El incremento a nivel mundial de vacunación contra tosferina ha reducido sustancialmente la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, el patrón epidemiológico de esta en países con altas tasas de vacunación ha cambiado radicalmente. Se ha postulado que la pérdida de inmunidad en adolecentes y adultos ha permitido que estos actúen como reservorios transmitiendo así la enfermedad a la población más susceptible. Costa Rica no es la excepción, según datos del Ministerio de Salud la cantidad de casos reportados de tosferina ha aumentado notablemente en los últimos años. Existen múltiples test de laboratorio utilizados para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, todos con sus ventajas y desventajas, por lo cual los expertos recomiendan el uso combinado de estos según la etapa en que se encuentra la enfermedad para aumentar así las probabilidades diagnósticas. Estos planteamientos así como los aspectos más importantes de esta enfermedad se discuten a continuación. An increase on vaccionation worldwide has significantly reduced the sickness rate and mortality due to tosferine. However, during last years, the epidimiolgy of this disease in countries with high vaccination coverage has changed, with a trend to increase. It has been proposed the adolescents and adults that lose their inmunity function as reservoirs of the disease, increasing the contagion to more susceptible individual such as children. According to the Costa Rican Ministry of Health, the incidence of the disease has increased substantially during last years, becoming a public health problem. For the diagnosis of the disease there are multiple tests available, each one with its’ advantages and disadvantages, according to the experts the recommendation is to combine them so that a certain diagnostic can be achieved. These hypothesis and the key elements of tosferine are discussed in this article.
- Published
- 2013
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