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A look at the long history of vaccines, yesterday, today and still to come.In Herding Immunity, Stacy Mintzer Herlihy explores the compelling history of vaccines and the equally long history of vaccination opposition. By connecting the contemporary anti-vax movement with its historical roots, Herlihy integrates modern conversations and reveals the profound impact vaccines have had on our society, highlighting the urgent need for societal change to ensure equitable vaccination for all.

The coronavirus pandemic that began in 2019 brought to the fore the presence of a significant minority of individuals who strongly oppose vaccination. This opposition is by no means recent. Ever since the very first attempts to immunize individuals, opposition has been intense in some societies. The reasons for this opposition range from religious to political to medical. Although vaccines have eliminated smallpox and largely eliminated polio and measles, opposition to vaccination persists and, in some countries, has grown stronger.A History of Vaccines and Their Opponents seeks to describe the history of this opposition as well as its changing rationale over the years and in different societies. The discussion may ultimately provide some suggestions for reducing hesitancy in the future. - Demonstrates vaccine hesitancy is not new and is widespread around the world - Presents the history of the opposition to immunization - Provides counterarguments to the opposition today

This remarkable book tells you everything you need to know about vaccines. Having nearly 40 years'experience of the subject, the author covers the history of vaccines, how they work, how research is carried out, their safety, how they are used in society, the inside track on COVID-19 and what the future holds. It is a deeply personal account, with anecdotes involving a cow called Blossom, a hospital in the Caribbean, a crocodile-infested lake in Malawi, an encounter with Russian soldiers in Prague and many others. An A-to-Z section covers every vaccine from Anthrax to Yellow Fever. It will educate, entertain and enlighten the vaccine scientific community and public health practitioners.Key Features• Explores a highly topical concept of vaccines in a comprehensive and easy-to-read manner• Engages readers with relatable and interesting anecdotes• Provides a balanced, factual counter to the huge amount of current vaccine misinformation

Everyone has opinions about vaccines, but what are the facts? This resource provides clear, unbiased, and up-to-date information on vaccination, which protects the world's populations not only from pandemics like COVID-19 but other dangerous diseases as well.Each title in the Contemporary Debates series examines the veracity of controversial claims or beliefs surrounding a major political/cultural issue in the United States. They do so to give readers a clear and unbiased understanding of current issues by informing them about falsehoods, half-truths, and misconceptions—and confirming the factual validity of other assertions—that have gained traction in America's political and cultural discourse.This latest addition to the series is the first reference work on vaccines written through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. It asks—and answers—questions raised by the pandemic, such as how vaccines work, what causes side effects, and how COVID-19 vaccines were developed so quickly. It also addresses broader questions, such as how to protect vaccine supply chains and how to prevent public health issues from being politicized. In addition to correcting or clarifying well-known misinformation and misunderstandings about vaccines (such as false claims that they have been linked to autism), this book also provides up-to-date research on ways to counter disinformation and decrease vaccine hesitancy.

Pochi ricordano che l'uomo ebbe la meglio sull'epidemia di poliomielite anche grazie a un appello a donare pochi spiccioli, rivolto agli americani dal presidente Roosevelt. Lui stesso era costretto da quel male su una sedia a rotelle e la sottoscrizione, finanziando il vaccino antipolio, contribuì a una svolta nella storia della medicina. Ma non è l'unico virus che è stato arginato per merito di un vaccino, basti pensare al vaiolo e alla prima vaccinazione di massa imposta da Napoleone alle sue truppe. O agli studi di Pasteur sulla rabbia e ai vaccini contro tetano e difterite che seguivano la geniale intuizione di Edward Jenner di inoculare una piccola quantità di agente infettivo per conferire l'immunità. Molti dei pionieri della vaccinazione sono stati osteggiati o costretti a emigrare, per essere riabilitati solo in seguito. E pochi si soffermano su coloro che si sottoposero per primi al vaccino in assenza di garanzie sulla sua sicurezza ed efficacia. Ognuna delle vicende dimenticate, che Giuseppe Remuzzi ricostruisce con passione e gusto del dettaglio nel suo nuovo libro, è stata un passo da gigante non solo per la sanità ma per la stessa evoluzione della specie. E senza quelle storie di fallimenti e successi non sarebbe stato possibile arrivare oggi in tempo record alla nuova frontiera del vaccino a mRNA contro il Covid-19 e le sue varianti con cui ancora ci confrontiamo.

Entre l'époque de Jenner et nos jours, la vaccination a profondément changé. En cette époque où le monde est profondément bouleversé par la COVID-19, cet essai autant médical que sociétal analyse les raisons profondes, irrationnelles pour certaines, pertinentes pour d'autres, qui sont à l'origine de cette méfiance.

Benjamin Jesty has been described as ‘the man history forgot'. Spanning the late 18th and early 19th centuries, this book tells the story of the ingenious Dorset farmer who used cowpox as a vaccine to protect his family against the dreaded disease of smallpox in 1774. This happened 22 years before Dr Edward Jenner used a similar process.The origins of vaccination have always been clouded in controversy. Probing previous accounts flawed by myth or subjectivity, this text sets the record straight. Man's early attempts at stimulating immunity are rooted in folk wisdom of the distant past. Vaccination was not a ‘discovery'or a ‘medical breakthrough', but a development from variolation, substituting cowpox as an inoculum instead of smallpox.Analysing relevant primary sources with an innovative approach, this book reveals the geographical extent of awareness of Jesty's endeavour in Georgian England, confirms his priority, and seeks to establish his Intellectual Property for the first use of an empirical vaccine.Jenner brought vaccination to the world. His achievement will always take precedence, but the findings of this new research suggest it is now time to honour Benjamin Jesty with the credit he deserves.

This timely history of the neglected figure of Daniel Sutton—the medical revolutionary who paved the way for present-day vaccination—was named a best book of 2020 by BBC History Magazine Smallpox was the scourge of the eighteenth century: it showed no mercy, almost wiping out whole societies. Young and old, poor and royalty were equally at risk – unless they had survived a previous attack. Daniel Sutton, a young surgeon from Suffolk, used this knowledge to pioneer a simple and effective inoculation method to counter the disease. His technique paved the way for Edward Jenner's discovery of vaccination – but, while Jenner is revered, Sutton has been vilified for not widely revealing his methods until later in life. Gavin Weightman reclaims Sutton's importance, showing how the clinician's practical and observational discoveries advanced understanding of the nature of disease. Weightman explores Sutton's personal and professional development, and the wider world of eighteenth-century health in which he practised inoculation. Sutton's brilliant and exacting mind had a significant impact on medicine – the effects of which can still be seen today.

Este libro constituye una invitación a pensar la historia de la infancia desde una mirada crítica e interdisciplinaria. Propone un acercamiento nuevo a viejos problemas de la historiografía tradicional, tales como el proceso de secularización iniciada durante el periodo del reformismo borbónico y la forma en que ésta adaptó una serie de expresiones religiosas en torno a la niñez para apropiarse de la figura utópica del niño mártir y ponerla al servicio de la retórica estatal, a través del culto a los héroes patrióticos y el utilitarismo propio de la época. Niños de nadie aborda así el estudio de las nociones de utilidad y exclusión en torno a la niñez menesterosa (ya invisibilizada, ya recuperada por intervención estatal), tanto en el discurso ilustrado como en las prácticas filantrópicas amparadas en el mismo. La expresión'niños de nadie'es empleada aquí en un sentido laxo. No se refiere solamente a los niños huérfanos o expósitos, que fueron el objeto central de una serie de proyectos emprendidos por la administración borbónica (tanto en la metrópoli como en las colonias), sino también a aquellos que, aún sin haber sido abandonados por sus padres, se hallaban excluidos del ámbito privilegiado de las familias que gozaban de cierto rango social y económico. Niños pobres y marginales, cuyo nombre y vínculos parentales, cuando los habían, estaban lejos de servir de parapeto frente a la larga mano del poder real y los proyectos reformistas de la administración borbónica.'Niños de nadie', en tanto que el Estado podía disponer de ellos sin mayor reparo.¿De qué modo la retórica filantrópica terminó por convertirse más en una forma de control que de amor a los semejantes? ¿En qué punto las buenas intenciones se han visto distorsionadas frente a realidades mucho más complejas de lo que nuestra mirada condescendiente puede apreciar? ¿En qué medida han cambiado las circunstancias de abandono, marginación y pobreza para los niños que habitan el mundo hispanoamericano contemporáneo? Este libro no pretende dar una respuesta acabada a estas preguntas, sino tan solo mostrar la profundidad histórica que subyace a los muchos problemas que enfrenta la infancia contemporánea, así como señalar la urgencia de desbaratar estos viejos nudos del pensamiento occidental a fin de poder ofrecer nuevas soluciones a una forma de violencia que se ha visto persistentemente normalizada.

If you have a child in school, you may have heard stories of long-dormant diseases suddenly reappearing—cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and whooping cough cropping up everywhere from elementary schools to Ivy League universities because a select group of parents refuse to vaccinate their children. Between Hope and Fear tells the remarkable story of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and their social and political implications. While detailing the history of vaccine invention, Kinch reveals the ominous reality that our victories against vaccine-preventable diseases are not permanent—and could easily be undone. In the tradition of John Barry's The Great Influenza and Siddhartha Mukherjee's The Emperor of All Maladies, Between Hope and Fear relates the remarkable intersection of science, technology, and disease that has helped eradicate many of the deadliest plagues known to man.

Contemporary vaccination is rooted in centuries of scientific discovery. Some scholars believe that as far back as 1000 CE, Chinese Taoists used variolation (or inoculation) to control the spread of disease. In 1796, Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine that ranks as one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of all time. This book explains how Jenner made his discovery based on the achievements of those who came before him, how vaccination works, and the many ways that vaccines continue to shape science (and generate controversy) today.

Immunization is regarded by many as one of the greatest advances in modern civilization. The widespread use of vaccines has led to increases in life expectancy, reductions in the occurrence of childhood diseases, and is generally credited with saving millions of lives annually. But since their discovery two centuries ago, vaccines have been dogged by pockets of persistent distrust among those who are skeptical of their science or who find compulsory immunization at odds with personal liberty. The rise of these voices in contemporary culture has contributed to trends of vaccine delay and vaccine hesitancy in some communities -- a chasm between the general population and the scientific establishment that has persisted and grown at times across the last several decades. Vaccines: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers a scientifically grounded overview of the science, manufacture, and culture of vaccines in the United States and internationally. Aiming to offer an unbiased resource on this hotly debated subject, it provides accessible, authoritative overviews of the following: · How vaccines work · The history of vaccines · Vaccine policy -- who writes it, and does it matter? · The contents and manufacture of vaccines · Vaccine injury · The alleged link between vaccines and autism · Vaccines and new outbreaks Written by a leading authority in both infectious disease and vaccine education, this book offers a clear-eyed resource for parents or anyone with an interest in the use, efficacy, and controversy surrounding vaccines. In a subject area defined by partisanship, it offers reliable resource for what everyone needs to know.

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Mass vaccination campaigns are political projects that presume to protect individuals, communities, and societies. Like other pervasive expressions of state power - taxing, policing, conscripting - mass vaccination arouses anxiety in some people but sentiments of civic duty and shared solidarity in others. This collection of essays gives a comparative overview of vaccination at different times, in widely different places and under different types of political regime. Core themes in the chapters include immunisation as an element of state formation; citizens'articulation of seeing (or not seeing) their needs incorporated into public health practice; allegations that donors of development aid have too much influence on third-world health policies; and an ideological shift that regards vaccines more as profitable commodities than as essential tools of public health.

‘Hope lies in dreams, in imagination, and in the courage of those who dare to make dreams into reality.'– Jonas Salk, inventor of one of the first successful polio vaccines No one will die of smallpox again… One of the worst killers ever is now consigned to history – perhaps the greatest humanitarian achievement of our age. Now polio, malaria and measles are on the hit list. Karen Bartlett tells the dramatic story of the history of eradication and takes us to the heart of modern campaigns. From high-tech labs in America to the poorest corners of Africa and the Middle East, we see the tremendous challenges those on the front lines face every day, and how they take us closer to a brave new world.

This authoritative and unbiased narrative—supported by 50 primary source documents—follows the history of vaccination, highlighting essential medical achievements and ongoing controversies.This timely work provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific breakthrough known as vaccination and the controversy surrounding its opposition. A timeline of discoveries trace the medical and societal progression of vaccines from the early development of this medical preventive to the eradication of epidemics and the present-day discussion about its role in autism. The content presents compelling parallels across different time periods to reflect the ongoing concerns that have persisted throughout history regarding vaccination.Author Lisa Rosner provides a sweeping overview of the topic, covering the development of modern vaccines and practices, laws governing the distribution of vaccines, patients'rights, consumer advocacy, and vaccination disasters. Throughout the volume, primary source documents present the perspectives of researchers, public health specialists, physicians, patients, consumer advocates, and government officials, helping to illuminate the past, present, and future of vaccines on a global level.

Immunity is as old as illness itself, yet historians have only just begun to take up the challenge of reconstructing the modern transformation of attempts to protect against disease. Crafting Immunity assembles in one volume the most recent efforts of an international group of scholars to place the diverse practices of immunity in their historical contexts. It is this diversity that provides the book with its greatest source of strength. Collectively, the papers in this volume suggest that it was the craft-like, small-scale, and local conditions of clinical medicine that turned the immunity of individuals and populations into biomedical objects. That is to say, the modern conception of immunity was at least as much the product of the work of healing as it was the systematic result of discoveries about the immune system. Working outside the narrow confines of laboratory histories, Crafting Immunity is the first attempt to set the problems of immunity into a variety of social, technological, institutional and intellectual contexts. It will appeal not only to historians and sociologists of health, but also to social and cultural historians interested in the biomedical creation of modern health regimens.

Vaccinations and Public Concern in History explores vernacular beliefs and practices that surround decisions not to vaccinate. Through the use of ethnographic, media, and narrative analyses, this book explores the vernacular explanatory models used in inoculation decision-making. The research on which the book draws was designed to help create public health education programs and promotional materials that respond to patients'fears, understandings of risk, concerns, and doubts. Exploring the nature of inoculation distrust and miscommunication, Dr. Andrea Kitta identifies areas that require better public health communication and greater cultural sensitivity in the handling of inoculation programs.

WHO DECIDES WHICH FACTS ARE TRUE? In 1998 Andrew Wakefield, a British gastroenterologist with a history of self-promotion, published a paper with a shocking allegation: the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine might cause autism. The media seized hold of the story and, in the process, helped to launch one of the most devastating health scares ever. In the years to come Wakefield would be revealed as a profiteer in league with class-action lawyers, and he would eventually lose his medical license. Meanwhile one study after another failed to find any link between childhood vaccines and autism. Yet the myth that vaccines somehow cause developmental disorders lives on. Despite the lack of corroborating evidence, it has been popularized by media personalities such as Oprah Winfrey and Jenny McCarthy and legitimized by journalists who claim that they are just being fair to “both sides” of an issue about which there is little debate. Meanwhile millions of dollars have been diverted from potential breakthroughs in autism research, families have spent their savings on ineffective “miracle cures,” and declining vaccination rates have led to outbreaks of deadly illnesses like Hib, measles, and whooping cough. Most tragic of all is the increasing number of children dying from vaccine-preventable diseases. In The Panic Virus Seth Mnookin draws on interviews with parents, public-health advocates, scientists, and anti-vaccine activists to tackle a fundamental question: How do we decide what the truth is? The fascinating answer helps explain everything from the persistence of conspiracy theories about 9/11 to the appeal of talk-show hosts who demand that President Obama “prove” he was born in America. The Panic Virus is a riveting and sometimes heart-breaking medical detective story that explores the limits of rational thought. It is the ultimate cautionary tale for our time.

Why another book about vaccines? There are already a few extremely well-written medical textbooks that provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art technical reviews regarding vaccine science. Additionally, in the past decade alone, a number of engrossing, provocative books have been published on various related issues ra- ing from vaccines against specific diseases to vaccine safety and policy. Yet there remains a significant gap in the literature – the history of vaccines. Vaccines: A Biography seeks to fill a void in the extant literature by focusing on the history of vaccines and in so doing, recounts the social, cultural, and scientific history of vaccines; it places them within their natural, historical context. The book traces the lineage – the “biography” – of individual vaccines, originating with deeply rooted medical problems and evolving to an eventual conclusion. Nonetheless, these are not “biographies” in the traditional sense; they do not trace an individual's growth and development. Instead, they follow an idea as it is conceived and dev- oped, through the contributions of many. These are epic stories of discovery, of risk-takers, of individuals advancing medical science, in the words of the famous physical scientist Isaac Newton, “by standing on the shoulders of giants. ” One grant reviewer described the book's concept as “triumphalist”; although meant as an indictment, this is only partially inaccurate.

L'histoire des vaccinations constitue une page importante de celle de l'humanité. Avec le développement de l'hygiène, les vaccinations ont, sans aucun doute, été le progrès le plus marquant de la médecine. Pourtant, ce sujet qui a révolutionné la médecine des hommes et des animaux est longtemps resté peu ou très mal exploré. Voici cet oubli réparé grâce à cet ouvrage original. La première partie traite essentiellement de la variole (variolisation puis vaccination jennerienne) et des essais peu connus d'inoculation en médecine humaine (syphilisation...) ou vétérinaire (peste bovine...). Le rôle de Lady Montagu, l'instigatrice de cette surprenante nouveauté, est analysé en détail. La seconde partie concernant Pasteur est assez (voire très) éloignée des thèses usuelles qu'une étude approfondie des carnets de Pasteur ne retrouve pas. De nombreuses références ont été sélectionnées afin de faire apparaître les acquisitions successives en fonction des résultats d'expérience et l'évolution des concepts du maître. La troisième partie décrit le développement des vaccins après Pasteur, avec les grandes étapes de la connaissance en ce domaine (sérothérapie, anatoxine, BCG, etc.), puis les avancées dues à la biologie moléculaire, mais aussi, celles qui découlent, plus prosaïquement, des techniques de culture, d'inactivation des virus, etc. Enfin, un glossaire et un index clôturent l'ouvrage.

While millions of Americans receive vaccinations each year, a vocal segment of the population is opposed to all immunizations—some even refusing to get mandated vaccinations for their children. In The Vaccine Controversy, Dr. Kurt Link—a specialist in internal medicine—explores that paradox and provides a history of vaccine development, including such possible future vaccines as those being developed in the hope of immunizing against HIV. A strong supporter of vaccination programs, Link explains the immune system and how it works, as well as outlining the various types of vaccines (including the efficacy and potential toxicity of each). Appendices spell out current medical recommendations for vaccines, describe the legal issues involved in decisions to vaccinate or not, and explain the workings of clinical trials where work is done to determine if a vaccine is effective or not, or has any remarkable side effects.Millions of Americans are vaccinated each year, whether they are elders looking to avoid bouts of influenza or children whose parents want to protect them from potentially deadly childhood diseases. Still, there remains a vocal segment of the population in opposition to all immunization, some even refusing to get mandated vaccinations for their children. Here, a specialist of internal medicine explores that paradox. Dr. Link explains the immune system and how it works, as well as the history of vaccine development, and the various types of vaccines including the efficacy and potential toxicity of each. A physician for more than 35 years, Link also spotlights possible future vaccines, such as those being developed in the hope of immunizing against HIV.Appendices to this work spell out current medical recommendations for vaccines, describe the legal issues involved in decisions to vaccinate or not, and explain the workings of clinical trials where work is done to determine if a vaccine is effective or not, or has any remarkable side effects. A strong supporter of vaccination programs, Link says that all people should understand the powers, limitations and risk of immunization.

Mixing personal experience with factual research, Alexander examines vaccination and highlights some of the questions she believes should be at the forefront of parents'minds. This book aims to provide parents with the knowledge and curiosity needed to make an informed, confident decision about vaccination.