178 results on '"Vacchiano, G."'
Search Results
2. Vaia storm facing the unbearable lightness of forest reporting
- Author
-
Pettenella D, Marchetti M, Motta R, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
forest inventory ,forest statistics ,data sources ,forest harvesting ,eurostat ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Recently published data on Italian forest removals from FAO and EUROSTAT are still ridden with inaccuracies and underestimation. In this work we show how and why the Italian forestry data collection system is in itself unreliable. This represents a major obstacle for designing sector policies, ensuring the flow of forest ecosystem services from the forest to the society, and defining a role for forests, forestry and wood consistent with the European Green Deal and in the NextGenerationEU Recovery and Resilience Facility. A more reliable strategy for data collection is urgently required.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. On the protection of cultural heritage in forest landscapes
- Author
-
Motta R, Agnoletti M, Marchetti M, Mori P, Romano R, Salbitano F, Sitzia T, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
landscape ,coppice ,chestnut ,silviculture ,landscape constraint ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
According to the European Landscape Convention (ELC), a landscape means “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”. Therefore, both human actions and natural processes play a role in shaping the landscape, which is, by this definition, ever changing. “Protecting” the landscape therefore means understanding, accepting and preserving such agents of change that have created it. Conversely, protective measures should not be designed to “freeze time”, nor to restore natural or human-influenced landscape features that have long ceased to exist. These basic concepts, delineated 20 years ago in Florence, are met in some parts of Italy by a dubious interpretation. Landscape protection agencies (Soprintendenze Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio) seem to be oriented towards stopping or limiting the traditional activities that have shaped the current Italian forest landscape, with the purpose of increasing the forest cover for “aesthetic” reasons. Such narrow view contradicts the aims of the ELC and of the related national rules and mechanisms of landscape conservation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Harmonized dataset of surface fuels under Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean conditions in Italy. A synthesis supporting fire management
- Author
-
Ascoli D, Vacchiano G, Scarpa C, Arca B, Barbati A, Battipaglia G, Elia M, Esposito A, Garfì V, Lovreglio R, Mairota P, Marchetti M, Marchi E, Meytre S, Ottaviano M, Pellizzaro G, Rizzolo R, Sallustio L, Salis M, Sirca C, Valese E, Ventura A, and Bacciu V
- Subjects
Wildfire ,Fire Behavior ,Simulation ,Fuel Types ,Emissions ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Surface biomass characterization plays a key role in wildfire management. It allows classifying vegetation fuels flammability for fire risk analysis, to define silvicultural prescriptions for fire hazard reduction, to plan prescribed burning, or to model fire behavior and its effects, such as greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. To facilitate fuel classification and analysis of potential fire behavior and effects in Italy, we harmonized 634 measurements of surface wildland fuels from Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean environments. The dataset provides quantitative data for duff, fine dead fuels and downed woody material, live grasses and shrubs fuel components. Surface fuel data were harmonized by subdividing loads (Mg ha-1) to standard size classes for dead (0-6, 6-25 and 25-75 mm) and live (0-6, 6-25 mm) fuels, collecting percent cover and depth/height (cm) of the various fuel components, and classifying observations into 19 fuelbed categories. To ensure comparability with existing vegetation classification systems, we classified each observation according to the European Fuel Map, the Corine Land Cover classes (level IV), the European Forest Types, and the forest categories of the Italian National Forest Inventory. The dataset and a photo description of each fuelbed category are available as Supplementary material. This dataset is the first step to develop several products at the national scale such as: (i) fuel type classification and mapping; (ii) carbon stock and wildfire emission estimates; (iii) calibration of fuel models for the simulation of fire behavior and effects.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Forest harvesting in Europe: a healthy scientific debate
- Author
-
Ascoli D, Chirici G, Francini S, Marchetti M, Motta R, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
forest harvesting ,remote sensing ,global forest change ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Is forest harvesting increasing in Europe? There is scientific debate about methodological approach and data regarding clearcut increment in Europe but, besides the discussion, there is a general agreement about the need to collect reliable scientifically robust remote sensing data for sound forest policy-making.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Urban forests at the time of COVID-19 protect us from fine dust
- Author
-
Fares S, Sanesi G, Vacchiano G, Salbitano F, and Marchetti M
- Subjects
urban forests ,air pollution ,particulate matter ,pm2.5 ,covid-19 ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
In these days, the role that fine particles in urban areas could play in facilitating the pandemic spread of the COVID-19 virus is becoming increasingly important. It is also well known that exposure to air pollution and in particular to fine dust favors diseases involving the respiratory system. In this context of strong concern, we argue that urban forests can contribute to reduce the concentrations of particulates or in any increase their dispersion. Not all tree species have the same performance in removing particulates. In this short article, recent works are commented that classify urban forest species according to their ability to reduce particulate matter ambient concentrations, and we conclude highlighting the significant role that urban forests could play in improving air quality and human wellbeing in the future.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Climate and environmental politics needs to be supported by accurate information and communication. What is the role of the scientific community?
- Author
-
Motta R, Marchetti M, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
science communication ,scientific debate ,sustainable forest management ,climate-smart forestry ,public engagement ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
A petition entitled “Italian forests: an invaluable environmental heritage under attack” was recently published on the web. The petition is a perfect example of how environmental communication and public awareness can be manipulated. And, even more seriously, how people claiming to be environmental experts, use the “environment” label to spread their messages and slogans without accurately checking their sources. It is nevertheless of high importance that people are able to express their opinion and ideas freely and this communication between politics, communities and the academic world contribute to our growth as a society. However, any discussions must be underpinned with accurate and precise information. Furthermore, it is the scientific community’s duty to check sources of information and contribute to the spread of accurate environmental communication.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Planting trees in Italy for the health of the planet. Where, how and why
- Author
-
Marchetti M, Motta R, Salbitano F, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
Climate Change Mitigation ,Reforestation ,Urban Forests ,Sustainable and Adaptive Forest Strategies ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
The Laudato Si’ communities have put forward the proposal to plant 60 million trees in Italy to fight the climate crisis. The role of forests in mitigating climate change is scientifically unequivocal. However, a sound reforestation strategy must be consistent with the country’s environmental, forest and socio-economic context. Italian forests and the 12 billion trees they contain currently absorb 5-10% of the total country emissions; 60 million trees would result in an additional sequestration of 0.05% of the CO2 emitted annually. Furthermore, forested areas in Italy are rapidly increasing on rural and marginal sites. On the contrary, forests are disappearing in lowlands and urban centers. Cities and suburbs are the areas where new forests could play an important role in climate mitigation, contributing to the mitigation of heat waves and air pollution, and increasing the well-being of citizens. To be successful, interventions to mitigate the climate crisis cannot be exhausted within the forest sector. Forestry-related strategies must be diversified, and include reducing deforestation, planting new forests, increasing the efficacy of sustainable and adaptive forest management, and taking advantage of the substitution effects played by wood-based materials. New urban forests, if subject to scientifically based design and planning, are an important part of this strategy.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Nutrient scarcity as a selective pressure for mast seeding
- Author
-
Fernández-Martínez, M., Pearse, I., Sardans, J., Sayol, F., Koenig, W. D., LaMontagne, J. M., Bogdziewicz, M., Collalti, A., Hacket-Pain, A., Vacchiano, G., Espelta, J. M., Peñuelas, J., and Janssens, I. A.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Silviculture and wind damages. The storm 'Vaia'
- Author
-
Motta R, Ascoli D, Corona P, Marchetti M, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
Silviculture ,Windthrows ,Forest Structure ,Natural Disturbances ,Restoration ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
On October 29th, 2018, storm Vaia hit forests in north-eastern Italy, causing the loss of 8 million cubic meters of standing trees and, more importantly, the sudden reduction of forest-related ecosystem services. Such event is not unprecedented: a similar storm had occurred in the same regions in 1966. Every year, an average of two extratropical storms affects the European continent, where wind is the most important agent of forest damage, contributing to more than half of total forest losses (38 million cubic meters of downed wood per year). The probability of storm damage in forests depends on four drivers: weather, site conditions, topography, and tree and stand characteristics. However peak wind speed is the dominant factor: over certain gust velocities, trees are broken or uprooted regardless of their characteristics - such velocities were certainly met by the Vaia event. In this case it may be impossible to avoid or mitigate wind damages. Nonetheless, management options to enhance the long-term forest resistance and resilience always exist. In this perspective, the storm Vaia (after the emergency management) and its consequences could be considered as a key lesson to be learned and as an important opportunity to enhance the resilience of Italian forest stands.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Reply to: Nutrient scarcity cannot cause mast seeding
- Author
-
Fernández-Martínez, M., Sardans, J., Sayol, F., LaMontagne, J. M., Bogdziewicz, M., Collalti, A., Hacket-Pain, A., Vacchiano, G., Espelta, J. M., Peñuelas, J., and Janssens, I. A.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Assessing the availability of forest biomass for bioenergy by publicly available satellite imagery
- Author
-
Vacchiano G, Berretti R, Motta R, and Mondino Borgogno E
- Subjects
Artificial Neural Networks ,Mixed Forests ,Landsat ,Mediterranean Mountains ,Vegetation Indices ,Wood Energy Chain ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Forest biomass is a renewable energy source, more climate-friendly than fossil fuels and widely available in Europe. The wood energy chain has been suggested as a means to re-activate forest management and improve the value of forest stands in marginalized rural areas. However, wall-to-wall estimates of forest biomass, needed to design the location and size of power and heat biomass plants in any given territory, are notoriously difficult to obtain. This paper tests an algorithm to predict forest biomass using publicly available Landsat satellite imagery in the Liguria region, northern Italy. We used regional forest inventory data to train and validate an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier that uses remotely-sensed information such as three principal components of Landsat-5 TM spectral bands, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and topography, to retrieve aboveground live tree volume. Percent root mean square error was -9% and -23% for conifers and broadleaves respectively in the calibration dataset, and -27% and -24% in the validation dataset. The reconstructed volume map was updated to present day using current volume increment rates reported by the Italian National Forest Inventory. A wall-to-wall map of forest biomass from harvest residues was finally produced based on species-specific wood density, biomass expansion factors, volume logged for timber assortments, forest accessibility, and topography. Predicted aboveground forest volume ranged from 81 to 391 m3 ha-1. In forests available for wood supply (70% of the total), planned volume removals averaged 25.4 m3 ha-1, or 18.7% of the average standing stock across. Biomass available for bioenergy supply was 1.295.921 million Mg dry matter or 8.95 Mg ha-1. This analysis workflow can be replicated in all mountain regions with a predominant broadleaved coppice component.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Forests and forest-wood system in Italy: towards a new strategy to address local and global challenges
- Author
-
Marchetti M, Motta R, Pettenella D, Sallustio L, and Vacchiano G
- Subjects
Forest Cover ,Forest Ecosystem Services ,Natural Capital ,Wood Harvesting ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Forest cover in Italy has increased three-fold in slightly more than a century. In 2018 the area covered by forest will be, for the first time since long, larger than that covered by active cultivation. In the same time, the stewardship of forest ecosystem services such as biodiversity provision, hydrogeological protection, and landscape conservation has increased. More than 27% of Italian forests are included in protected areas; 86% of forests is subject to limitation of use connected to soil protection and water cycle regulation, and 100% is under the landscape conservation law. Italy is also home of one of the largest economies of wood transformation, but 80% of the raw material is imported, which implies several environmental, socio-economic, and ethical issues, both domestically and abroad. The conditions are ripe to plan for a responsible management of the natural capital in the country’s forests. A forest management that is active, shared, and conscious of domestic and global implications will be the best chance to maintain and improve the ecosystem services provided by forests in Italy.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Voluntary carbon credits from improved forest management: policy guidelines and case study
- Author
-
Vacchiano G, Berretti R, Romano R, and Motta R
- Subjects
Carbon Stocks ,Carbon Credits ,Biomass ,Coppice ,Ecosystem Services ,Forest Management Plan ,Climate Change Mitigation ,Retention Forestry ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Human activities have the potential to enhance carbon sequestration by the world’s forests and contribute to climate change mitigation. Voluntary carbon trading is currently the only option to pursue and reward carbon sequestration by forestry activities. Carbon credits for enhanced sequestration can be sold to partners wishing to offset their own emissions. Here we illustrate the steps taken to design guidelines for the generation of voluntary carbon credits by improved forest management in Piemonte, Italy. The guidelines have been developed in a joint effort by academia, regional administrations, forest owners and professional consultants. In particular, we show how to compute the baseline and the additionality of credit-generating forest management activities, and how to reconcile the generation of forest carbon credits with law requirements, technical limitations, and the provision of other ecosystem services. To illustrate the profitability of carbon credit generation, we simulated the application of carbon credit guidelines to two forest-rich mountain watersheds in the southern part of the Piemonte region. The two dominating tree species are beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). We computed current forest carbon stock and carbon credits generated in 20 years under business as usual and an alternative biomass retention scenario. The IFM resulted in an avoided harvest of 39.362 m3 for a net total of 64.014 MgCO2e after subtracting harvest emissions, or 38 Mg ha-1 throughout the permanence period of 20 years. These steps can be replicated in other mountain regions where there is interest in promoting this ecosystem service as an alternative or an addition to production-oriented forest management.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees
- Author
-
Bogdziewicz, M, Acuña, MCA, Andrus, R, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Brveiller, D, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Curt, T, Das, A, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kobe, R, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, J, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Kurokawa, H, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgórski, T, Poulsen, J, Qiu, T, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Šamonil, P, Holik, J, Scher, CL, Van Marle, HS, Seget, B, Shibata, M, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, J, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Wright, B, Wright, Sam, Whitham, TG, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, Clark, JS, Bogdziewicz, M, Acuña, MCA, Andrus, R, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Brveiller, D, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Curt, T, Das, A, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kobe, R, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, J, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Kurokawa, H, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgórski, T, Poulsen, J, Qiu, T, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Šamonil, P, Holik, J, Scher, CL, Van Marle, HS, Seget, B, Shibata, M, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, J, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Wright, B, Wright, Sam, Whitham, TG, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, and Clark, JS
- Abstract
Aim: Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location: Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period: 1960–2022. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results: Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions: Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The co
- Published
- 2023
16. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients
- Author
-
Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, Clark, JS, Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, and Clark, JS
- Abstract
The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.
- Published
- 2023
17. Interactions between climate, growth and seed production in Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii) forests in Cuenca Mountains (Spain)
- Author
-
Lucas-Borja, M. E. and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Forest fires are changing: let’s change the fire management strategy
- Author
-
Bovio G, Marchetti M, Tonarelli L, Salis M, Vacchiano G, Lovreglio R, Elia M, Fiorucci P, and Ascoli D
- Subjects
Forest Wildfires ,Forest Management ,Climate Change ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Forest fires in Italy are changing. More frequent heatwaves and drought increase the flammability of the vegetation; the abandonment of rural land produces 30.000 ha of newly afforested areas each year; and the wildland-urban interface is expanding with the sprawl of urbanized areas. However, forest fires are rarely understood and managed in their complexity. The public opinion is often misinformed on the causes and consequences of fires in the forest. Moreover, fire management relies almost exclusively on extinction and emergency response, resulting in high costs and limited efficacy versus extreme fire seasons. We advocate to increase the role and investments in wildfire prevention, which can be carried out by fuel-oriented silviculture, such as facilitating less flammable species or prescribed burning, in order to reduce the flammability of the vegetation and mitigate fire intensity in high-leverage areas. A centralized structure is necessary to implement such a strategy and coordinate the competences and actions of all local administrations and actors involved.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The cholesterol levels in median nerve and post-mortem interval evaluation
- Author
-
Vacchiano, G., Maldonado, A. Luna, Ros, M. Matas, Di Lorenzo, P., and Pieri, M.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Impact of non-native tree species in Europe on soil properties and biodiversity: a review
- Author
-
Thomas, W., Gossner, M.M., Thomas, C., Hélia, M., Marcela van Loo, Vacchiano, G., Pilar, C., Dorota, D., Anna, G., Srdjan, K., Zsolt, K., Marcin, K., Nicola La Porta, Vitas, M., Per Holm Nygaard, Vilém, P., Radosław, P., Orna, R., Lina, S., Tiina, Y., Elisabeth, P., and Silva, J.S.
- Subjects
biodiversity ,biogeography ,forest management ,pairwise stand comparisons ,soil impacts ,Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA - Abstract
In the context of global change, the integration of non-native tree (NNT) species into European forestry is increasingly being discussed. The ecological consequences of increasing use or spread of NNTs in European forests are highly uncertain, as the scientific evidence is either constraint to results from case studies with limited spatial extent, or concerns global assessments that lack focus on European NNTs. For either case, generalisations on European NNTs are challenging to draw. Here we compile data on the impacts of seven important NNTs (Acacia dealbata, Ailanthus altissima, Eucalyptus globulus, Prunus serotina, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus rubra, Robinia pseudoacacia) on physical and chemical soil properties and diversity attributes in Europe, and summarise commonalities and differences. From a total of 103 publications considered, studies on diversity attributes were overall more frequent than studies on soil properties. The effects on soil properties varied greatly among tree species and depended on the respective soil property. Overall, increasing (45%) and decreasing (45%) impacts on soil occurred with similar frequency. In contrast, decreasing impacts on biodiversity were much more frequent (66%) than increasing ones (24%). Species phylogenetically distant from European tree species, such as Acacia dealbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Ailanthus altissima, showed the strongest decreasing impacts on biodiversity. Our results suggest that forest managers should be cautious in using NNTs, as a majority of NNT stands host fewer species when compared with native tree species or ecosystems, likely reflected in changes in biotic interactions and ecosystem functions. The high variability of impacts suggests that individual NNTs should be assessed separately, but NNTs that lack European relatives should be used with particular caution., Neobiota, 78, ISSN:1619-0033
- Published
- 2022
21. Repeated spring precipitation shortage alters individual growth patterns in Scots pine forests in the Western Alps
- Author
-
Castagneri, D., Bottero, A., Motta, R., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. MASTREE+ : time-series of plant reproductive effort from six continents
- Author
-
Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Foest, J.J., Pearse, I.S., LaMontagne, J.M., Koenig, W.D., Vacchiano, G., Bogdziewicz, M., Caignard, T., Celebias, P., van Dormolen, J., Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Moris, J.V., Palaghianu, C., Pesendorfer, Mario, Satake, A., Schermer, E., Tanentzap, A.J., Thomas, P.A., Vecchio, D., Wion, A.P., Wohlgemuth, T., Xue, T., Abernethy, K., Aravena Acuña, M.C., Daniel Barrera, M., Barton, J.H., Boutin, S., Bush, E.R., Donoso Calderón, S., Carevic, F.S., de Castilho, C.V., Manuel Cellini, J., Chapman, C.A., Chapman, H., Chianucci, F., da Costa, P., Croisé, L., Cutini, A., Dantzer, B., Justin DeRose, R., Dikangadissi, J.T., Dimoto, E., da Fonseca, F.L., Gallo, L., Gratzer, G., Greene, D.F., Hadad, M.A., Herrera, A.H., Jeffery, K.J., Johnstone, J. F, Kalbitzer, U., Kantorowicz, W., Klimas, C.A., Lageard, J.G.A., Lane, J., Lapin, K., Ledwoń, M., Leeper, A.C., Vanessa Lencinas, M., Lira-Guedes, A.C., Lordon, M.C., Marchelli, P., Marino, S., Schmidt Van Marle, H., McAdam, A.G., Momont, L.R.W., Nicolas, M., de Oliveira Wadt, L.H., Panahi, P., Martínez Pastur, G., Patterson, T., Luis Peri, P., Piechnik, Ł., Pourhashemi, M., Espinoza Quezada, C., Roig, F.A., Peña Rojas, K., Micaela Rosas, Y., Schueler, S., Seget, B., Soler, R., Steele, M.A., Toro-Manríquez, M., Tutin, C.E.G., Ukizintambara, T., White, L., Yadok, B., Willis, J.L., Zolles, A., Żywiec, M., Ascoli, D., Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Foest, J.J., Pearse, I.S., LaMontagne, J.M., Koenig, W.D., Vacchiano, G., Bogdziewicz, M., Caignard, T., Celebias, P., van Dormolen, J., Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Moris, J.V., Palaghianu, C., Pesendorfer, Mario, Satake, A., Schermer, E., Tanentzap, A.J., Thomas, P.A., Vecchio, D., Wion, A.P., Wohlgemuth, T., Xue, T., Abernethy, K., Aravena Acuña, M.C., Daniel Barrera, M., Barton, J.H., Boutin, S., Bush, E.R., Donoso Calderón, S., Carevic, F.S., de Castilho, C.V., Manuel Cellini, J., Chapman, C.A., Chapman, H., Chianucci, F., da Costa, P., Croisé, L., Cutini, A., Dantzer, B., Justin DeRose, R., Dikangadissi, J.T., Dimoto, E., da Fonseca, F.L., Gallo, L., Gratzer, G., Greene, D.F., Hadad, M.A., Herrera, A.H., Jeffery, K.J., Johnstone, J. F, Kalbitzer, U., Kantorowicz, W., Klimas, C.A., Lageard, J.G.A., Lane, J., Lapin, K., Ledwoń, M., Leeper, A.C., Vanessa Lencinas, M., Lira-Guedes, A.C., Lordon, M.C., Marchelli, P., Marino, S., Schmidt Van Marle, H., McAdam, A.G., Momont, L.R.W., Nicolas, M., de Oliveira Wadt, L.H., Panahi, P., Martínez Pastur, G., Patterson, T., Luis Peri, P., Piechnik, Ł., Pourhashemi, M., Espinoza Quezada, C., Roig, F.A., Peña Rojas, K., Micaela Rosas, Y., Schueler, S., Seget, B., Soler, R., Steele, M.A., Toro-Manríquez, M., Tutin, C.E.G., Ukizintambara, T., White, L., Yadok, B., Willis, J.L., Zolles, A., Żywiec, M., and Ascoli, D.
- Abstract
Significant gaps remain in understanding the response of plant reproduction to environmental change. This is partly because measuring reproduction in long-lived plants requires direct observation over many years and such datasets have rarely been made publicly available. Here we introduce MASTREE+, a data set that collates reproductive time-series data from across the globe and makes these data freely available to the community. MASTREE+ includes 73,828 georeferenced observations of annual reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit counts) in perennial plant populations worldwide. These observations consist of 5971 population-level time-series from 974 species in 66 countries. The mean and median time-series length is 12.4 and 10 years respectively, and the data set includes 1122 series that extend over at least two decades (≥20 years of observations). For a subset of well-studied species, MASTREE+ includes extensive replication of time-series across geographical and climatic gradients. Here we describe the open-access data set, available as a.csv file, and we introduce an associated web-based app for data exploration. MASTREE+ will provide the basis for improved understanding of the response of long-lived plant reproduction to environmental change. Additionally, MASTREE+ will enable investigation of the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in perennial plants, and the role of plant reproduction as a driver of ecosystem dynamics.
- Published
- 2022
23. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery
- Author
-
Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, and Zimmerman, JK
- Abstract
The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.
- Published
- 2022
24. Harmonising forest management terms and definitions for effective biodiversity studies
- Author
-
Trentanovi, G., Campagnaro, T., Ammer, C., Bravo–oviedo, A., Chianucci, F., D’Andrea, E., del Río, M., Doerfler, I., Fotakis, D., Kepfer Rojas, S., Matteucci, G., Munzi, S., Paillet, Y., Perovic, M., Poetzelsberger, E., Sitzia, T., Svoboda, M., Vacchiano, G., and Burrascano, S.
- Published
- 2022
25. Modeling Italian forests: state of the art and future challenges
- Author
-
Vacchiano G, Magnani F, and Collalti A
- Subjects
Forest Models ,Forest Inventory ,SISEF ,Ecological Modeling ,Carbon Balance ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
This review is a follow-up to the first meeting of the Forest modeling working group (FMWG) of the Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF), held in December 2009. 18 talks were delivered to an audience of 40 researchers. We review the state of the art of forest ecosystem modeling in Italy, highlight findings from Italian research groups, and summarize relevant issues. Developing on the discussion session of the meeting, we indicate current research gaps and future challenges for modelers, forest ecologists and foresters alike, with a special emphasis on model validation, data availability, and communication between researchers and managers.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Tackling unresolved questions in forest ecology: The past and future role of simulation models
- Author
-
Maréchaux, I., Langerwisch, F., Huth, Andreas, Bugmann, H., Morin, X., Reyer, C.P.O., Seidl, R., Collalti, A., Dantas de Paula, M., Fischer, Rico, Gutsch, M., Lexer, M.J., Lischke, H., Rammig, A., Rödig, Edna, Sakschewski, B., Taubert, Franziska, Thonicke, K., Vacchiano, G., Bohn, Friedrich, Maréchaux, I., Langerwisch, F., Huth, Andreas, Bugmann, H., Morin, X., Reyer, C.P.O., Seidl, R., Collalti, A., Dantas de Paula, M., Fischer, Rico, Gutsch, M., Lexer, M.J., Lischke, H., Rammig, A., Rödig, Edna, Sakschewski, B., Taubert, Franziska, Thonicke, K., Vacchiano, G., and Bohn, Friedrich
- Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape forest functioning, structure, and diversity remains challenging, although data on forest systems are being collected at a rapid pace and across scales. Forest models have a long history in bridging data with ecological knowledge and can simulate forest dynamics over spatio‐temporal scales unreachable by most empirical investigations.We describe the development that different forest modelling communities have followed to underpin the leverage that simulation models offer for advancing our understanding of forest ecosystems.Using three widely applied but contrasting approaches – species distribution models, individual‐based forest models, and dynamic global vegetation models – as examples, we show how scientific and technical advances have led models to transgress their initial objectives and limitations. We provide an overview of recent model applications on current important ecological topics and pinpoint ten key questions that could, and should, be tackled with forest models in the next decade.Synthesis. This overview shows that forest models, due to their complementarity and mutual enrichment, represent an invaluable toolkit to address a wide range of fundamental and applied ecological questions, hence fostering a deeper understanding of forest dynamics in the context of global change.
- Published
- 2021
27. Implications for communications with European forest professionals
- Author
-
Blennow, K., Persson, J., Gonçalves, Luísa Maria S., Borys, A., Dutcǎ, I., Hynynen, J., Janeczko, E., Lyubenova, M., Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Peltoniemi, M., Petr, M., Reboredo, F., Vacchiano, G., Reyer, C. P.O., NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), and Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)
- Subjects
Blocked belief effect ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Expectation ,Tipping point behavior ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental Science(all) ,Value polarization ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Climate change ,decision-making ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Adaptation - Abstract
Blennow, K., Persson, J., Gonçalves, L. M. S., Borys, A., Dutcǎ, I., Hynynen, J., Janeczko, E., Lyubenova, M., Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Peltoniemi, M., Petr, M., Reboredo, F., Vacchiano, G., & Reyer, C. P. O. (2020). The role of beliefs, expectations and values in decision-making favoring climate change adaptation : Implications for communications with European forest professionals. Environmental Research Letters, 15(11), 1-10. [114061]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc2fa Beliefs, expectations and values are often assumed to drive decisions about climate change adaptation. We tested hypotheses based on this assumption using survey responses from 508 European forest professionals in ten countries. We used the survey results to identify communication needs and the decision strategies at play, and to develop guidelines on adequate communications about climate change adaptation. We observed polarization in the positive and negative values associated with climate change impacts accepted by survey respondents. We identified a mechanism creating the polarization that we call the 'blocked belief' effect. We found that polarized values did not correlate with decisions about climate change adaptation. Strong belief in the local impacts of climate change on the forest was, however, a prerequisite of decision-making favoring adaptation. Decision-making in favor of adaptation to climate change also correlated with net values of expected specific impacts on the forest and generally increased with the absolute value of these in the absence of 'tipping point' behavior. Tipping point behavior occurs when adaptation is not pursued in spite of the strongly negative or positive net value of expected climate change impacts. We observed negative and positive tipping point behavior, mainly in SW Europe and N-NE Europe, respectively. In addition we found that advice on effective adaptation may inhibit adaptation when the receiver is aware of effective adaptation measures unless it is balanced with information explaining how climate change leads to negative impacts. Forest professionals with weak expectations of impacts require communications on climate change and its impacts on forests before any advice on adaptation measures can be effective. We develop evidence-based guidelines on communications using a new methodology which includes Bayesian machine learning modeling of the equivalent of an expected utility function for the adaptation decision problem. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2020
28. With great power comes great responsibility: an analysis of sustainable forest management quantitative indicators in the DPSIR framework
- Author
-
Paillet, Y., primary, Campagnaro, T., additional, Burrascano, S., additional, Gosselin, M., additional, Ballweg, J., additional, Chianucci, F., additional, Dorioz, J., additional, Marsaud, J., additional, Maciejewski, L., additional, Sitzia, T., additional, and Vacchiano, G., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Processi di deforestazione: i driver
- Author
-
Masiero, M. and Vacchiano, G.
- Subjects
deforestazione, degrado forestale, driver diretti, driver indiretti, embodied deforestation, embedded deforestation ,embodied deforestation ,degrado forestale ,deforestazione ,embedded deforestation ,driver diretti ,driver indiretti - Published
- 2020
30. Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection - Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice
- Author
-
Fineschi, V., Aprile, A., Aquila, I., Arcangeli, M., Asmundo, A., Bacci, M., Cingolani, M., Cipolloni, L., D'Errico, S., de Casamassimi, I., Mizio, G. D., Paolo, M. D., Focardi, M., Frati, P., Gabbrielli, M., Russa, R. L., Maiese, A., Manetti, F., Martelloni, M., Mazzeo, E., Montana, A., Neri, M., Padovano, M., Pinchi, V., Pomara, C., Ricci, P., Salerno, M., Santurro, A., Scopetti, M., Testi, R., Turillazzi, E., Vacchiano, G., Crivelli, F., Bonoldi, E., Facchetti, F., Nebuloni, M., Sapino, A., Fineschi, Vittorio, Aprile, Anna, Aquila, Isabella, Arcangeli, Mauro, Asmundo, Alessio, Bacci, Mauro, Cingolani, Mariano, Cipolloni, Luigi, D'Errico, Stefano, De Casamassimi, Ilaria, Di Mizio, Giulio, Di Paolo, Marco, Focardi, Martina, Frati, Paola, Gabbrielli, Mario, La Russa, Raffaele, Maiese, Aniello, Manetti, Federico, Martelloni, Massimo, Mazzeo, Elena, Montana, Angelo, Neri, Margherita, Padovano, Martina, Pinchi, Vilma, Pomara, Cristoforo, Ricci, Pietrantonio, Salerno, Monica, Santurro, Alessandro, Scopetti, Matteo, Testi, Roberto, Turillazzi, Emanuela, Vacchiano, Giuseppe, Crivelli, Filippo, Bonoldi, Emanuela, Facchetti, Fabio, Nebuloni, Manuela, and Sapino, Anna
- Subjects
safety ,COVID-19 ,autopsy ,guidelines ,COVID19 ,Health Personnel ,Pneumonia, Viral ,NO ,Betacoronavirus ,Cadaver ,Humans ,Autopsy ,Body Fluids ,Coronavirus Infections ,Italy ,Morgue ,Pandemics ,Personal Protective Equipment ,Viral ,Autopsy, Body Fluids, COVID-19, Cadaver, Coronavirus Infections, Health Personnel, Humans, Italy, Morgue, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Pneumonia ,guideline ,Autopsy, Body Fluids, COVID-19, Cadaver, Coronavirus Infections, Health Personnel, Humans, Italy, Morgue, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus - Abstract
non disponibile
- Published
- 2020
31. Un viaggio nel mondo della materia prima del futuro
- Author
-
Davide Pettenella, Torreggiani, L., Negro, F., Togni, M., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2020
32. Le foreste della Terra cambiano a due velocità. Il quadro globale tra deforestazione e boschi in crescita
- Author
-
Davide Pettenella, Chirici, G., Corona, P., Marchetti, M., Mori, P., Motta, R., Romano, R., Torreggiani, L., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2020
33. La metodologia delle footprint nella stima della deforestazione: verso la deforestation footprint
- Author
-
Bagliani, M., Garofalo, G., Lahoz, M. G., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2020
34. Commercio internazionale e deforestazione tropicale: calcolo della deforestatione footprint per l’unione europea e l’italia
- Author
-
Bagliani, M., Garofalo, G., Lahoz, M. G., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2020
35. The role of beliefs, expectations and values in decision-making favoring climate change adaptation – implications for communications with European forest professionals
- Author
-
Blennow, Kristina, Persson, J., Gonçalves, L. M. S., Borys, A., Dutcă, I., Hynynen, J., Janeczko, E., Lyubenova, M., Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Peltoniemi, M., Reboredo, F., Vacchiano, G., and Reyer, C. P. O.
- Subjects
Social Sciences Interdisciplinary (Peace and Conflict Research and Studies on Sustainable Society) - Abstract
Beliefs, expectations and values are often assumed to drive decisions about climate change adaptation. We tested hypotheses based on this assumption using survey responses from 508 European forest professionals in ten countries. We used the survey results to identify communication needs and the decision strategies at play, and to develop guidelines on adequate communications about climate change adaptation. We observed polarization in the positive and negative values associated with climate change impacts accepted by survey respondents. We identified a mechanism creating the polarization that we call the 'blocked belief' effect. We found that polarized values did not correlate with decisions about climate change adaptation. Strong belief in the local impacts of climate change on the forest was, however, a prerequisite of decision-making favoring adaptation. Decision-making in favor of adaptation to climate change also correlated with net values of expected specific impacts on the forest and generally increased with the absolute value of these in the absence of 'tipping point' behavior. Tipping point behavior occurs when adaptation is not pursued in spite of the strongly negative or positive net value of expected climate change impacts. We observed negative and positive tipping point behavior, mainly in SW Europe and N-NE Europe, respectively. In addition we found that advice on effective adaptation may inhibit adaptation when the receiver is aware of effective adaptation measures unless it is balanced with information explaining how climate change leads to negative impacts. Forest professionals with weak expectations of impacts require communications on climate change and its impacts on forests before any advice on adaptation measures can be effective. We develop evidence-based guidelines on communications using a new methodology which includes Bayesian machine learning modeling of the equivalent of an expected utility function for the adaptation decision problem.
- Published
- 2020
36. Inconsistent recognition of uncertainty in studies of climate change impacts on forests
- Author
-
Petr, M., Vacchiano, G., Thom, D., Mairota, P., Kautz, M., Gonçalves, Luísa Maria da Silva, Yousefpour, R., Kaloudis, S., Reyer, C. P.O., and NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS)
- Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Uncertainty recognition ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental Science(all) ,Uncertainty assessment methods ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Modelling ,Decision-making ,Science communication - Abstract
Petr, M., Vacchiano, G., Thom, D., Mairota, P., Kautz, M., Gonçalves, L. M. D. S., ... Reyer, C. P. O. (2019). Inconsistent recognition of uncertainty in studies of climate change impacts on forests. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 1-13. [113003]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4670 Background. Uncertainty about climate change impacts on forests can hinder mitigation and adaptation actions. Scientific enquiry typically involves assessments of uncertainties, yet different uncertainty components emerge in different studies. Consequently, inconsistent understanding of uncertainty among different climate impact studies (from the impact analysis to implementing solutions) can be an additional reason for delaying action. In this review we (a) expanded existing uncertainty assessment frameworks into one harmonised framework for characterizing uncertainty, (b) used this framework to identify and classify uncertainties in climate change impacts studies on forests, and (c) summarised the uncertainty assessment methods applied in those studies. Methods. We systematically reviewed climate change impact studies published between 1994 and 2016. We separated these studies into those generating information about climate change impacts on forests using models -'modelling studies', and those that used this information to design management actions-'decision-making studies'. We classified uncertainty across three dimensions: nature, level, and location, which can be further categorised into specific uncertainty types. Results. We found that different uncertainties prevail in modelling versus decision-making studies. Epistemic uncertainty is the most common nature of uncertainty covered by both types of studies, whereas ambiguity plays a pronounced role only in decision-making studies. Modelling studies equally investigate all levels of uncertainty, whereas decision-making studies mainly address scenario uncertainty and recognised ignorance. Finally, the main location of uncertainty for both modelling and decision-making studies is within the driving forces-representing, e.g. socioeconomic or policy changes. The most frequently used methods to assess uncertainty are expert elicitation, sensitivity and scenario analysis, but a full suite of methods exists that seems currently underutilized. Discussion & Synthesis. The misalignment of uncertainty types addressed by modelling and decision-making studies may complicate adaptation actions early in the implementation pathway. Furthermore, these differences can be a potential barrier for communicating research findings to decision-makers. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2019
37. The role of beliefs, expectations and values in decision-making favoring climate change adaptation—implications for communications with European forest professionals
- Author
-
Blennow, K, primary, Persson, J, additional, Gonçalves, L M S, additional, Borys, A, additional, Dutcă, I, additional, Hynynen, J, additional, Janeczko, E, additional, Lyubenova, M, additional, Merganič, J, additional, Merganičová, K, additional, Peltoniemi, M, additional, Petr, M, additional, Reboredo, F, additional, Vacchiano, G, additional, and Reyer, C P O, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Un database nazionale per caratterizzare struttura e quantità dei combustibili di superficie
- Author
-
Ascoli, D., Bacciu, V., Arca, B., Barbati, A., Battipaglia, G., Elia, M., Esposito, A., Garfi', V., Lovreglio, R., Marchetti, M., Marchi, E., Meytre, S., Ottaviano, M., Pellizzaro, G., Rizzolo, R., Salis, M., Sallustio, L., Scarpa, C., Valese, E., Ventura, A., and Vacchiano, G.
- Published
- 2019
39. Tree mortality submodels drive simulated long‐term forest dynamics: assessing 15 models from the stand to global scale
- Author
-
Bugmann, H., Seidl, R., Hartig, F., Bohn, Friedrich, Brůna, J., Cailleret, M., François, L., Heinke, J., Henrot, A.-J., Hickler, T., Hülsmann, L., Huth, Andreas, Jacquemin, I., Kollas, C., Lasch‐Born, P., Lexer, M.J., Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Mette, T., Miranda, B.R., Nadal‐Sala, D., Rammer, W., Rammig, A., Reineking, B., Roedig, Edna, Sabaté, S., Steinkamp, J., Suckow, F., Vacchiano, G., Wild, J., Xu, C., Reyer, C.P.O., Bugmann, H., Seidl, R., Hartig, F., Bohn, Friedrich, Brůna, J., Cailleret, M., François, L., Heinke, J., Henrot, A.-J., Hickler, T., Hülsmann, L., Huth, Andreas, Jacquemin, I., Kollas, C., Lasch‐Born, P., Lexer, M.J., Merganič, J., Merganičová, K., Mette, T., Miranda, B.R., Nadal‐Sala, D., Rammer, W., Rammig, A., Reineking, B., Roedig, Edna, Sabaté, S., Steinkamp, J., Suckow, F., Vacchiano, G., Wild, J., Xu, C., and Reyer, C.P.O.
- Abstract
Models are pivotal for assessing future forest dynamics under the impacts of changing climate and management practices, incorporating representations of tree growth, mortality, and regeneration. Quantitative studies on the importance of mortality submodels are scarce. We evaluated 15 dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) regarding their sensitivity to different formulations of tree mortality under different degrees of climate change. The set of models comprised eight DVMs at the stand scale, three at the landscape scale, and four typically applied at the continental to global scale. Some incorporate empirically derived mortality models, and others are based on experimental data, whereas still others are based on theoretical reasoning. Each DVM was run with at least two alternative mortality submodels. Model behavior was evaluated against empirical time series data, and then, the models were subjected to different scenarios of climate change. Most DVMs matched empirical data quite well, irrespective of the mortality submodel that was used. However, mortality submodels that performed in a very similar manner against past data often led to sharply different trajectories of forest dynamics under future climate change. Most DVMs featured high sensitivity to the mortality submodel, with deviations of basal area and stem numbers on the order of 10–40% per century under current climate and 20–170% under climate change. The sensitivity of a given DVM to scenarios of climate change, however, was typically lower by a factor of two to three. We conclude that (1) mortality is one of the most uncertain processes when it comes to assessing forest response to climate change, and (2) more data and a better process understanding of tree mortality are needed to improve the robustness of simulated future forest dynamics. Our study highlights that comparing several alternative mortality formulations in DVMs provides valuable insights into the effects of process uncertainties on simulated fut
- Published
- 2019
40. Is the appearance of macrophages in pulmonary tissue related to time of asphyxia?
- Author
-
Vacchiano, G., Armiento, F.D., and Torino, R.
- Subjects
Asphyxia -- Physiological aspects ,Death -- Time of ,Autopsy -- Methods ,Macrophages -- Measurement ,Lungs -- Medical examination - Published
- 2001
41. Abundant non-native tree species in Europe: traits and effects on ecosystems
- Author
-
Wohlgemuth, T., Brundu, G., Castro-Díez, P., Campagnaro, T., Dobrowolska, D., Essl, F., Gazda, A., Gossner, M. M., Keren, S., Keresu, Z., Knüsel, S., Koprowski, M., La Porta, N., Marchante, H., Marozas, V., Nygaard, P. H., Podrázský, V., Puchalka, R., Reisman-Berman, O., Silva, J. S., Straigyte, L., Vacchiano, G., Van Loo, M., Ylioja, T., and Pötzelsberger, E.
- Published
- 2018
42. Species-specific, pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees
- Author
-
Schelhaas, M., Hengeveld, G.M., Heidema, A.H., Thürig, Esther, Rohner, Brigitte, Vacchiano, G., Vayreda, Jordi, Redmond, John, Socha, J., Fridman, Jonas, Tomter, Stein, Polley, Heino, Barreiro, Susana, Nabuurs, G.J., Schelhaas, M., Hengeveld, G.M., Heidema, A.H., Thürig, Esther, Rohner, Brigitte, Vacchiano, G., Vayreda, Jordi, Redmond, John, Socha, J., Fridman, Jonas, Tomter, Stein, Polley, Heino, Barreiro, Susana, and Nabuurs, G.J.
- Abstract
Background: Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obtained from National Forest Inventories or from long-term research plots. Many of these models include country- and location-specific predictors, such as site quality indices that may aggregate climate, soil properties and topography effects. Consequently, it is not sensible to compare such models among countries, and it is often impossible to apply models outside the region or country they were developed for. However, there is a clear need for more generically applicable but still locally accurate and climate sensitive simulators at the European scale, which requires the development of models that are applicable across the European continent. The purpose of this study is to develop tree diameter increment models that are applicable at the European scale, but still locally accurate. We compiled and used a dataset of diameter increment observations of over 2.3 million trees from 10 National Forest Inventories in Europe and a set of 99 potential explanatory variables covering forest structure, weather, climate, soiland nutrient deposition. Results: Diameter increment models are presented for 20 species/species groups. Selection of explanatory variables was done using a combination of forward and backward selection methods. The explained variance ranged from 10% to 53% depending on the species. Variables related to forest structure (basal area of the stand and relative size of the tree) contributed most to the explained variance, but environmental variables were important to account for spatial patterns. The type of environmental variables included differed greatly among species. Conclusions: The presented diameter increment models are the first of their kind that are applicable at the European scale. This is an important step towards the development of a ne
- Published
- 2018
43. Gli incendi boschivi stanno cambiando: cambiamo le strategie per governarli
- Author
-
BOVIO G, MARCHETTI M, TONARELLI L, SALIS M, VACCHIANO G, LOVREGLIO R, ELIA M, FIORUCCI P, and ASCOLI D
- Subjects
Climate Change ,Forest Wildfires ,Forest Management - Abstract
Forest fires in Italy are changing. More frequent heatwaves and drought increase the flammability of the vegetation; the abandonment of rural land produces 30.000 ha of newly afforested areas each year; and the wildland-urban interface is expanding with the sprawl of urbanized areas. However, forest fires are rarely understood and managed in their complexity. The public opinion is often misinformed on the causes and consequences of fires in the forest. Moreover, fire management relies almost exclusively on extinction and emergency response, resulting in high costs and limited efficacy versus extreme fire seasons. We advocate to increase the role and investments in wildfire prevention, which can be carried out by fuel-oriented silviculture, such as facilitating less flammable species or prescribed burning, in order to reduce the flammability of the vegetation and mitigate fire intensi - ty in high-leverage areas. A centralized structure is necessary to implement such a strategy and coordinate the competences and actions of all local administrations and actors involved.
- Published
- 2017
44. The Use of Medical Devices in Italy And Europe: The Need Of A Careful Control Policy
- Author
-
Vacchiano G and Vyshka G
- Subjects
Harm ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,business.industry ,Event (computing) ,Control (management) ,Medicine ,Circulation (currency) ,Logo ,Operations management ,business ,Commercialization - Abstract
The use of medical devices is in continuous expansion and constitutes a valid aid to ailing people, due to remarkable technologicaladvances. The regulation on their circulation in Italy and Europe are inspired by the principle of free circulation.In fact it is sufficient for a device to have the CE logo for it to be freely commercialized in all of Europe. This way of operating that favours commerce, exposes the sick to the risk of harm from defective devices that have notbeen suitably checked prior to their commercialization. Having discussed a few episodes characterized by device malfunctioning,the authors observe the need for a more careful “control” policy for devices, adequate care on the part of doctorswho use such tools, and of suitable insurance measures for the patient in the event of harm.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Modelling carbon allocation in forest ecosystems
- Author
-
Merganicova, K., Merganic, J., Jonard, M., Lehtonen, A., Ostrogovic Sever, M. Z., Mäkelä, A., Reyer, C., Fabrika, M., Grote, R., Vacchiano, G., and Collalti, A.
- Subjects
model ,pool ,carbon partitioning ,environment - Abstract
Allocation of carbon to plant organs is considered as one of the most important plant adaptation mechanisms to environmental changes. Several empirical studies presented that carbon partitioning between individual plant organs depends on environmental conditions and stand structure. From the modelling perspective, carbon allocation is one of the crucial modules that affect the final outcome of forest simulators. A variety of different modelling approaches of carbon allocation from simple methods based on fixed ratios up to highly sophisticated thermodynamic approaches have been developed. They differ in the complexity and sensitivity to changes in site and stand conditions. In the presented study we examine which modelling approaches of carbon allocation are most frequently used in forest simulators and analyse how environmental factors affect the modelled partitioning of carbon. The study is based on the information gathered with a questionnaire distributed to forest model developers worldwide. The results identify the possibilities to improve carbon allocation modelling in forest simulators to enable them to appropriately reflect the ongoing changes in forest ecosystems in their output.
- Published
- 2017
46. THE EFFECT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT ON ENDANGERED INSECTS ASSESSED BY RADIO-TRACKING: THE CASE FOR THE GROUND BEETLE CARABUS OLYMPIAE IN BEECH FAGUS SYLVATICA STANDS
- Author
-
Negro, M., Caprio, E., Leo, K., Maritano, U., Roggero, A., Vacchiano, G., Palestrini, C., and Rolando, A.
- Published
- 2017
47. Predicting the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions in Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris forests across Europe
- Author
-
Forrester, D.I., primary, Ammer, Ch., additional, Annighöfer, P.J., additional, Avdagic, A., additional, Barbeito, I., additional, Bielak, K., additional, Brazaitis, G., additional, Coll, L., additional, del Río, M., additional, Drössler, L., additional, Heym, M., additional, Hurt, V., additional, Löf, M., additional, Matović, B., additional, Meloni, F., additional, den Ouden, J., additional, Pach, M., additional, Pereira, M.G., additional, Ponette, Q., additional, Pretzsch, H., additional, Skrzyszewski, J., additional, Stojanović, D., additional, Svoboda, M., additional, Ruiz-Peinado, R., additional, Vacchiano, G., additional, Verheyen, K., additional, Zlatanov, T., additional, and Bravo-Oviedo, A., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Two centuries of masting data for European beech and Norway spruce across the European continent
- Author
-
Ascoli, D, Maringer, J, Hacket-Pain, A, Conedera, M, Drobyshev, I, Motta, R, Cirolli, M, Kantorowicz, W, Zang, C, Schueler, S, Croisé, L, Piussi, P, Berretti, R, Palaghianu, C, Westergren, M, Lageard, JGA, Burkart, A, Gehrig Bichsel, R, Thomas, PA, Beudert, B, Övergaard, R, Vacchiano, G, Ascoli, D, Maringer, J, Hacket-Pain, A, Conedera, M, Drobyshev, I, Motta, R, Cirolli, M, Kantorowicz, W, Zang, C, Schueler, S, Croisé, L, Piussi, P, Berretti, R, Palaghianu, C, Westergren, M, Lageard, JGA, Burkart, A, Gehrig Bichsel, R, Thomas, PA, Beudert, B, Övergaard, R, and Vacchiano, G
- Abstract
© 2017 by the Ecological Society of America. Tree masting is one of the most intensively studied ecological processes. It affects nutrient fluxes of trees, regeneration dynamics in forests, animal population densities, and ultimately influences ecosystem services. Despite a large volume of research focused on masting, its evolutionary ecology, spatial and temporal variability, and environmental drivers are still matter of debate. Understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of masting at broad spatial and temporal scales will enable us to predict tree reproductive strategies and their response to changing environment. Here we provide broad spatial (distribution range-wide) and temporal (century) masting data for the two main masting tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). We collected masting data from a total of 359 sources through an extensive literature review and from unpublished surveys. The data set has a total of 1,747 series and 18,348 yearly observations from 28 countries and covering a time span of years 1677–2016 and 1791–2016 for beech and spruce, respectively. For each record, the following information is available: identification code; species; year of observation; proxy of masting (flower, pollen, fruit, seed, dendrochronological reconstructions); statistical data type (ordinal, continuous); data value; unit of measurement (only in case of continuous data); geographical location (country, Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics NUTS-1 level, municipality, coordinates); first and last record year and related length; type of data source (field survey, peer reviewed scientific literature, gray literature, personal observation); source identification code; date when data were added to the database; comments. To provide a ready-to-use masting index we harmonized ordinal data into five classes. Furthermore, we computed an additional field where continuous series with length >4 y
- Published
- 2017
49. Metodologie per la valutazione della copertura forestale. Sistemi speditivi in applicazione del Regolamento forestale della Regione Piemonte
- Author
-
Terzuolo, Pg, Canavesio, A, Berretti, Roberta, Vacchiano, G, Motta, Renzo, and Dotta, A.
- Published
- 2016
50. Drought impact on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the North-West of Italy. A driver of future forest growth reduction?
- Author
-
Bottero, A., Castagneri, Daniele, Nola, P., Vacchiano, G., and Motta, R.
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.