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2. Molecular composition of clouds: a comparison between samples collected at tropical (Réunion Island, France) and mid-north (Puy de Dôme, France) latitudes.

Author

Pailler, Lucas, Deguillaume, Laurent, Lavanant, Hélène, Schmitz, Isabelle, Hubert, Marie, Nicol, Edith, Ribeiro, Mickaël, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Dominutti, Pamela, Burnet, Frédéric, Tulet, Pierre, Leriche, Maud, and Bianco, Angelica

Subjects
CARBON content of water, DISSOLVED organic matter, MOLECULAR clouds, CHEMICAL formulas, PRINCIPAL components analysis, TERPENES
Abstract

The composition of dissolved organic matter of cloud water has been investigated through non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry on only a few samples that were mostly collected in the Northern Hemisphere in the USA, Europe and China. There remains, therefore, a lack of measurements for clouds located in the Southern Hemisphere, under tropical conditions and influenced by forest emissions. As a matter of fact, the comparison of the composition of clouds collected in different locations is challenging since the methodology for the analysis and data treatment is not standardized. In this work, the chemical composition of three samples collected at Réunion Island (REU) during the BIO-MAÏDO field campaign, in the Indian Ocean, with influences from marine, anthropogenic and biogenic (tropical) emissions, is investigated and compared to the chemical composition of samples collected at the Puy de Dôme (PUY) observatory in France. The same methodology of analysis and data treatment was employed, producing a unique dataset for the investigation of the molecular composition of organic matter in cloud water. Besides the analysis of elemental composition, we investigated the carbon oxidation state (OSC) of dissolved organic matter, finding that overall samples collected at PUY are more oxidized than those collected at REU. Molecular formulas were also classified based on stoichiometric elemental ratios, showing the high frequency and abundance of reduced organic compounds, classified as lipids (LipidC), in this matrix, which led to a search for terpene oxidation products in cloud water samples. To better discriminate between samples collected at PUY and REU, statistical analysis (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) was performed on the ensemble of molecular formulas and their intensities. Samples collected at REU have a different composition from samples collected at PUY, which is mainly linked to different primary sources, the processing of organic matter in cloud water and the influence of different primary emissions at the two locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Measurement report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign.

Author

Leriche, Maud, Tulet, Pierre, Deguillaume, Laurent, Burnet, Frédéric, Colomb, Aurélie, Borbon, Agnès, Jambert, Corinne, Duflot, Valentin, Houdier, Stéphan, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Dominutti, Pamela, Rocco, Manon, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, El Gdachi, Samira, Brissy, Maxence, Fathalli, Maroua, Maury, Nicolas, Verreyken, Bert, and Amelynck, Crist

Subjects
TURBULENT boundary layer, MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols, VOLATILE organic compounds, OXALIC acid, AIR masses, TRADE winds, AIRWAYS (Aeronautics)
Abstract

The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo: processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from 13 March to 4 April 2019 on the tropical island of Réunion. The main objective of the project was to improve understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) precursors in a tropical environment. Instruments were deployed at five sites: a receptor site, Maïdo Observatory (MO) at 2165 m a.s.l. and four sites along the slope of the Maïdo mountain. Observations include measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and characterization of the physical, chemical and biological (bacterial diversity and culture-based approaches) properties of aerosols and cloud water. Turbulent parameters of the boundary layer, radiative fluxes and emissions fluxes of BVOCs from the surrounding vegetation were measured to help interpret observed chemical concentrations in the different phases. Dynamical analyses showed two preferred trajectory routes for air masses arriving at MO during the daytime. Both trajectories correspond to return branches of the trade winds associated with upslope thermal breezes, where air masses likely encountered cloud processing. The highest mixing ratios of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were measured above the site located in the endemic forest and the highest contribution of OVOCs to total VOCs at MO. Chemical compositions of particles during daytime showed higher concentrations of oxalic acid, a tracer of cloud processing and photochemical aging, and a more oxidized organic aerosol at MO than at other sites. Approximately 20 % of the dissolved organic compounds were analyzed. Additional analyses by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry will explore the complexity of the missing cloud organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author

Leriche, Maud, primary, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Jambert, Corinne, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stéphan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Dominutti, Pamela, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, additional, El Gdachi, Samira, additional, Brissy, Maxence, additional, Fathalli, Maroua, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickael, additional, Pique, Eric, additional, Leclerc, Emmanuel, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Roy, Axel, additional, Moulin, Eric, additional, Barrie, Joël, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Péris, Guillaume, additional, Guadagno, Christian, additional, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, additional, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, additional, Tournigand, Arnaud, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Renard, Pascal, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Réchou, Anne, additional, and Payen, Guillaume, additional

Published
2023
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6. Supplementary material to "Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign"

Author

Leriche, Maud, primary, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Jambert, Corinne, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stéphan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Dominutti, Pamela, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, additional, El Gdachi, Samira, additional, Brissy, Maxence, additional, Fathalli, Maroua, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickael, additional, Pique, Eric, additional, Leclerc, Emmanuel, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Roy, Axel, additional, Moulin, Eric, additional, Barrie, Joël, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Péris, Guillaume, additional, Guadagno, Christian, additional, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, additional, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, additional, Tournigand, Arnaud, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Renard, Pascal, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Réchou, Anne, additional, and Payen, Guillaume, additional

Published
2023
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7. Molecular composition of clouds: a comparison between samples collected at tropical (Réunion Island, France) and mid-north (puy de Dôme, France) latitudes.

Author

Pailler, Lucas, Deguillaume, Laurent, Lavanant, Hélène, Schmitz, Isabelle, Hubert, Marie, Nicol, Edith, Ribeiro, Micakël, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Dominutti, Pamela, Burnet, Frédéric, Tulet, Pierre, Leriche, Maud, and Bianco, Angelica

Subjects
CARBON content of water, MOLECULAR clouds, DISSOLVED organic matter, CHEMICAL formulas, PRINCIPAL components analysis, TERPENES
Abstract

The composition of cloud water dissolved organic matter has been investigated through non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry only on few samples, mostly collected in the Northern hemisphere, in USA, Europe and China. Nevertheless, there is a lack of measurements for clouds located in the Southern Hemisphere, under tropical conditions and influenced by forest emissions. Moreover, the comparison of the composition of cloud samples collected in different locations is not trivial, since the methodology for the analysis and data treatment are not standardized. In this work, the chemical composition of three samples collected at Reunion Island (REU) during the BIO-MAÏDO field campaign, in the Indian Ocean, with influences from marine, anthropogenic and biogenic (tropical) emissions is investigated and compared to the chemical composition of samples collected at the puy de Dôme (PUY) observatory, in France. The same methodology of analysis and data treatment was employed, producing a unique dataset for the investigation of molecular composition of organic matter in cloud water. Besides the analysis of elemental composition, we investigated the carbon oxidation state (OSC) of dissolved organic matter, finding that overall samples collected at PUY are more oxidized than those collected at REU. Molecular formulas were also classified based on stoichiometric elemental ratios, showing the high frequency and abundance of reduced organic compounds, classified as lipids (LipidC), in this matrix, which led to search for terpenes oxidation products in cloud water samples. To better discriminate between samples collected at PUY and at REU, statistical analysis (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) was performed on the ensemble of molecular formulas and their intensities. Samples collected at REU, have a different composition from samples collected at PUY, mainly linked to the processing of organic matter in cloud water, but also to the influence of different primary emissions at the two locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author

Leriche, Maud, Tulet, Pierre, Deguillaume, Laurent, Burnet, Frédéric, Colomb, Aurélie, Borbon, Agnès, Jambert, Corinne, Duflot, Valentin, Houdier, Stéphan, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, Dominutti, Pamela, Rocco, Manon, Gdachi, Samira, Brissy, Maxence, Fathalli, Maroua, Maury, Nicolas, Verreyken, Bert, Amelynck, Crist, Schoon, Niels, Gros, Valérie, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Ribeiro, Mickael, Pique, Eric, Leclerc, Emmanuel, Bourrianne, Thierry, Roy, Axel, Moulin, Eric, Barrie, Joël, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Péris, Guillaume, Guadagno, Christian, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, Tournigand, Arnaud, Freney, Evelyn, Sellegri, Karine, Delort, Anne-Marie, Amato, Pierre, Joly, Muriel, Baray, Jean-Luc, Renard, Pascal, Bianco, Angelica, Réchou, Anne, Payen, Guillaume, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre ESCER, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Departement of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), ATMO-Réunion, ANR, BIO-MAÏDO, OCTAVE, European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), and ANR-18-CE01-0013,BIO-MAIDO,Bio-physicochimie des nuages tropicaux au Maïdo (Île de la Réunion) : processus et impacts sur la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires(2018)

Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry, Field campaign, tropical atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], COV, Réunion Island, cloud, aerosols
Abstract

The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from the 13th of March to the 4th of April 2019 on the tropical Réunion Island and implied several scientific teams and state-of-the-art instrumentation. The campaign was part of the BIO-MAÏDO project with the main objective is to improve our understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) precursors in a tropical environment. Instruments were deployed at five sites: a receptor site, the Maïdo observatory (MO) at 2165 m asl, and four sites along the slope of the Maïdo mountain. The obtained dataset includes measurements of the gas-phase mixings ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the characterization of the physical, chemical, and biological (bacterial diversity) properties of aerosols and the characterization of the physical, chemical and biological (identification of viable bacteria through culture-based approaches) properties of the cloud water. In addition, the turbulent parameters of the boundary layer, radiative fluxes, and emissions fluxes of BVOC from the surrounding vegetation were measured to help with the interpretation of the observed chemical concentrations in the different phases. Dynamical analyses using back-trajectories show two preferred trajectories routes for air masses arriving at MO during the daytime both corresponding to the return branches of the trade winds associated with the up-slopes thermal breezes, and both influenced by marine boundary layer and endemic forest below the Maïdo observatory. Additional analysis based on a high-resolution Meso-NH simulation for a typical cloudy day indicates that air masses sampled at MO likely encountered cloud processing during its transport along the slope. The highest mixing ratio of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) were measured above the site located in the endemic forest and the highest contribution of OVOC to total VOC at MO. Chemical composition of particles during the daytime shows that organic aerosol is more oxidized at MO than at other sites along the slope. This is a signature of photochemical aerosols aging along the slope. A higher concentration of oxalic acid at a site below MO indicates this oxidation occurs potentially through cloud processing. Despite an in-depth analysis of organic compounds in cloud water, around 80% on average of dissolved organic compounds is undefined highlighting the complexity of the cloud organic matter. The BIO-MAÏDO project is focusing on the analysis of observations and processes using numerical simulations: a 0D cloud chemistry model including biodegradation by bacteria in cloud water and a high-resolution 3D model coupling dynamical, microphysical and chemical processes.

Published
2023

12. Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign.

Author

Leriche, Maud, Tulet, Pierre, Deguillaume, Laurent, Burnet, Frédéric, Colomb, Aurélie, Borbon, Agnès, Jambert, Corinne, Duflot, Valentin, Houdier, Stéphan, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Dominutti, Pamela, Rocco, Manon, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, Gdachi, Samira El, Brissy, Maxence, Fathalli, Maroua, Maury, Nicolas, Verreyken, Bert, and Amelynck, Crist

Subjects
TURBULENT boundary layer, VOLATILE organic compounds, OXALIC acid, AIR masses, CARBONACEOUS aerosols, TRADE winds, AIRWAYS (Aeronautics), BACTERIAL diversity, MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols
Abstract

The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from the 13th of March to the 4th of April 2019 on the tropical Réunion Island and implied several scientific teams and state-of-the-art instrumentation. The campaign was part of the BIO-MAÏDO project with the main objective is to improve our understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) precursors in a tropical environment. Instruments were deployed at five sites: a receptor site, the Maïdo observatory (MO) at 2165 m asl, and four sites along the slope of the Maïdo mountain. The obtained dataset includes measurements of the gas-phase mixing ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the characterization of the physical, chemical, and biological (bacterial diversity) properties of aerosols and the characterization of the physical, chemical and biological (identification of viable bacteria through culture-based approaches) properties of the cloud water. In addition, the turbulent parameters of the boundary layer, radiative fluxes, and emissions fluxes of BVOC from the surrounding vegetation were measured to help with the interpretation of the observed chemical concentrations in the different phases. Dynamical analyses show two preferred trajectories routes for air masses arriving at MO during the daytime both corresponding to the return branches of the trade winds associated with the up-slopes thermal breezes. These air masses likely encountered cloud processing during transport along the slope. The highest mixing ratio of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) were measured above the site located in the endemic forest and the highest contribution of OVOC to total VOC at MO. Chemical composition of particles during the daytime shows a higher concentration of oxalic acid and a more oxidized organic aerosol at MO than at other sites along the slope. This is a signature of photochemical aerosols aging along the slope potentially influenced by cloud processing. Despite an in-depth analysis of organic compounds in cloud water, around 80 % on average of dissolved organic compounds is undefined highlighting the complexity of the cloud organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry in Réunion (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author

Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional

Published
2022
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15. Supplementary material to "Insights into tropical cloud chemistry at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign"

Author

Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional

Published
2021
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16. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author

Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional

Published
2021
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17. Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-Puy De Dôme: a multi-site for the long-term survey of the tropospheric composition and climate change

Author

Baray, Jean-Luc, primary, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Rose, Clémence, additional, Van Baelen, Joël, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Picard, David, additional, Fréville, Patrick, additional, Bouvier, Laëtitia, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Banson, Sandra, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourcier, Lauréline, additional, Bras, Yannick, additional, Brigante, Marcello, additional, Cacault, Philippe, additional, Chauvigné, Aurélien, additional, Charbouillot, Tiffany, additional, Chaumerliac, Nadine, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Delmotte, Marc, additional, Dupuy, Régis, additional, Farah, Antoine, additional, Febvre, Guy, additional, Flossmann, Andrea, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, Hervier, Claude, additional, Hervo, Maxime, additional, Huret, Nathalie, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Kazan, Victor, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Mailhot, Gilles, additional, Marinoni, Angela, additional, Masson, Olivier, additional, Montoux, Nadège, additional, Parazols, Marius, additional, Peyrin, Frédéric, additional, Pointin, Yves, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Sancelme, Martine, additional, Sauvage, Stéphane, additional, Schmidt, Martina, additional, Tison, Emmanuel, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Villani, Paolo, additional, Wang, Miao, additional, Yver-Kwok, Camille, additional, and Laj, Paolo, additional

Published
2020
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18. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign.

Author

Dominutti, Pamela A., Renard, Pascal, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Bianco, Angelica, Baray, Jean-Luc, Borbon, Agnès, Bourianne, Thierry, Burnet, Frédéric, Colomb, Aurélie, Delort, Anne-Marie, Duflot, Valentin, Houdier, Stephan, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Joly, Muriel, Leremboure, Martin, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Ribeiro, Mickaël, Rocco, Manon, and Tulet, Pierre

Abstract

We present here the results obtained during an intensive field campaign conducted in the framework of the French "BIO-MAÏDO" (Bio-physico-chemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols' formation) project. This study integrates an exhaustive chemical and microphysical characterization of cloud water obtained in March-April 2019 at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Fourteen cloud samples have been collected along the slope of this mountainous island. A comprehensive chemical characterization of these samples is performed, including inorganic ions, metals, oxidants, and organic matter (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, carbonyls, and low-soluble volatile organic compounds (VOCs)). Cloud water presents high molecular complexity with elevated water-soluble organic matter content partly modulated by microphysical cloud properties. As expected, our findings show the presence of compounds of marine origin in cloud water samples (e.g., chloride, sodium) demonstrating ocean-cloud exchanges. However, the non-sea salt fraction of sulphate varies between 38 and 91 %, indicating the presence of other sources. Also, the presence of amino acids and for the first time in cloud waters of sugars, clearly indicates that biological activities contribute to the cloud water chemical composition. A significant variability between events is observed in the dissolved organic content (25.5 ± 18.4 mgC L-1), with levels reaching up to 62 mgC L-1. This variability was not similar for all the measured compounds, suggesting the presence of dissimilar emission sources or production mechanisms. For that, a statistical analysis is performed based on back-trajectory calculations using the CAT (Computing Atmospheric Trajectory Tool) model associated with land cover registry. These investigations reveal that air mass origins and microphysical variables do not fully explain the variability observed in cloud chemical composition, highlighting the complexity of emission sources, multiphasic transfer, and chemical processing in clouds. Additionally, several VOCs (oxygenated and low-soluble VOCs) were analysed in both gas and aqueous phases. Significant levels of biogenic low-soluble VOCs were detected in the aqueous phase, indicating the cloud-terrestrial vegetation exchange. Cloud scavenging of VOCs is assessed and compared to Henry's law equilibrium to evaluate potential super or sub saturation conditions. The evaluation reveals the supersaturation of low-soluble VOCs from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Our results depict even higher supersaturation of terpenoids, suggesting their importance in the aqueous phase chemistry in highly impacted tropical areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-Puy De Dôme: a multi-site for the long term survey of the tropospheric composition and climate change

Author

Baray, Jean-Luc, primary, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Rose, Clémence, additional, Van Baelen, Joël, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Picard, David, additional, Fréville, Patrick, additional, Bouvier, Laetitia, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Banson, Sandra, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourcier, Laureline, additional, Bras, Yannick, additional, Brigante, Marcello, additional, Cacault, Philippe, additional, Chauvigné, Aurélien, additional, Charbouillot, Tiffany, additional, Chaumerliac, Nadine, additional, Delort, Anne Marie, additional, Delmotte, Marc, additional, Dupuy, Régis, additional, Farah, Antoine, additional, Febvre, Guy, additional, Flossmann, Andrea, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, Hervier, Claude, additional, Hervo, Maxime, additional, Huret, Nathalie, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Kazan, Victor, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Mailhot, Gilles, additional, Marinoni, Angela, additional, Masson, Olivier, additional, Montoux, Nadège, additional, Parazols, Marius, additional, Peyrin, Frédéric, additional, Pointin, Yves, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Sancelme, Martine, additional, Sauvage, Stéphane, additional, Schmidt, Martina, additional, Tison, Emmanuel, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Villani, Paolo, additional, Wang, Miao, additional, Yver-Kwok, Camille, additional, and Laj, Paolo, additional

Published
2019
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20. Trace Metals in Cloud Water Sampled at the Puy De Dôme Station

Author

Bianco, Angelica, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Bridoux, Maxime, Chaumerliac, Nadine, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Piro, Jean-Luc, Deguillaume, Laurent, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-13-BS06-0004,BIOCAP,Impacts BIOlogiques et photochimiques sur la CAPacité oxydante du nuage(2013), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, puy de Dôme, principal component analysis, trace metals, cloud, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, air mass origin, lcsh:QC851-999
Abstract

International audience; Concentrations of 33 metal elements were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) analysis for 24 cloud water samples (corresponding to 10 cloud events) collected at the puy de Dôme station. Clouds present contrasted chemical composition with mainly marine and continental characteristics; for some cloud events, a further anthropogenic source can be superimposed on the background level. In this context, measurements of trace metals may help to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources on the cloud and to better discriminate the origin of the air masses. The metal concentrations in the samples are low (between 16.4 µg L$^{−1}$ and 1.46 mg L$^{−1}$). This could be explained by the remoteness of the puy de Dôme site from local sources. Trace metals are then used to confirm and refine a previous sample classification. A principal component analysis (PCA) using the pH value and the concentrations of Cl$^−$, NO${_3}^−$, SO${_4}^{2−}$, Na$^+$ and NH${_4}^+$ is performed considering 24 cloud samples. This first analysis shows that 18 samples are of marine origin and 6 samples are classified as continental. The same statistical approach is used adding trace metal concentration. Zn and Mg elements are the most abundant trace metals for all clouds. A higher concentration of Cd is mainly associated to clouds from marine origins. Cu, As, Tl and Sb elements are rather found in the continental samples than in the marine ones. Mg, V, Mn and Rb elements mainly found in soil particles are also more concentrated in the samples from continental air mass. This new PCA including trace metal confirms the classification between marine and continental air masses but also indicates that one sample presenting low pH and high concentrations of SO${_4}^{2−}$, Fe, Pb and Cu could be rather attributed to a polluted event.

Published
2017

23. Rôle des microorganismes des nuages dans la chimie atmosphérique. Comparaison avec la chimie radicalaire

Author

Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Synthèse et étude de systèmes à intêret biologique (SEESIB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, Anne-Marie Delort, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry, Organic compounds, Microorganisms, Chimie atmosphérique, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Microorganismes, Photo-transformation, Composés organiques, Biotransformation
Abstract

Clouds are multiphasic atmospheric systems in which the dissolved organic compounds, such as carboxylic acids, are subject to multiple chemical transformations in the aqueous phase. We investigated to which extent the active biomass (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) existing incloud water represents an alternative route to the chemical reactivity of organic compounds. Microbial analysis of cloud water sampled at the puy de Dôme Mountain (1465 m.a.s.l;France) has been performed between 2003 and 2010. In average, the total microbial cells content in cloud water was 1×105 cells mL-1 for bacteria, and 1×104 cells mL-1 for fungi and yeasts. The ATP cell concentration values measured in cloud water samples prove the existence of a metabolic activity into cloud droplets. To study the biocatalytic influence of viable microorganisms on organic compounds in cloud water, artificial and natural cloud water solutions were incubated in presence of cultivable cells in the dark or under UV irradiation (with and without H2O2 addition). Contribution of biocatalytic and photo-induced processes (via •OH radicals production) over transformation of methanol, formaldehyde and the main carboxylic acids present in cloud water (acetate,formate, oxalate, succinate and malonate) were determined from these experiments. Bio- and photo-transformation rates of these organic compounds obtained in our experimental conditions are in the same range of order (except for oxalate). Microorganisms present in the natural cloud samples are not damaged or metabolically inactivated by the acidity of the cloud water, and by the presence of UV radiation and •OH radicals. H2O2 present in the natural cloud water samples was also biodegraded during the incubation-time by the endogenous microflora. This study shows that microorganisms could affect the carbon budget, but also the oxidative capacity of the cloud aqueous phase and consequently could influence the atmospheric chemistry.; Les nuages sont des systèmes multiphasiques (gaz, liquide, solide) dans lesquels la matière organique dissoute est soumise à de multiples transformations chimiques. Ces transformations en phase aqueuse de l’atmosphère sont supposées être uniquement le fait de processus abiotiques, majoritairement liés aux processus photochimiques et à la réactivité des radicaux libres (•OH, NO3•, HO2•, etc.). De récentes études ont montré la présence de microorganismes (bactéries, champignons dont levures) métaboliquement actifs dans les nuages. Ceci soulève la question de leur activité, en tant que biocatalyseurs dans la transformation des molécules organiques comme alternative aux voies photochimiques. L’objectif de ce travail est d’estimer dans quelle mesure la biomasse active peut impacter la chimie du nuage. Les analyses microbiologiques (ATP, cellules totales et cultivables, identifications taxonomiques) d’échantillons d’eau nuageuse collectés au sommet du puy de Dôme (1465 m) ont été réalisées de 2003 à 2010. Le contenu total en cellules microbiennes dans l’eau nuageuse est en moyenne de l’ordre de 1×105 cellules mL-1 pour les bactéries et de 1×104cellules mL-1 pour les champignons (dont levures). Les mesures de la concentration en ATP indiquent que la majorité des cellules microbiennes de l’eau du nuage est dans un état viable (valeur moyenne: ~ 4×10-6 pmol ATP cellule-1). Afin d’étudier l’influence biocatalytique de ces microorganismes dans le nuage, des solutions d’eau nuageuse naturelles et artificielles ont été incubées en présence de microorganismes et/ou d’irradiation UV (avec ou sans ajout de H2O2). Cela a permis d’évaluer la contribution des processus biocatalytiques et photo-induits (via la production de radicaux hydroxyle •OH) sur les transformations du méthanol, du formaldéhyde et des principaux acides carboxyliques présents dans l’eau nuageuse (acétate, formiate, oxalate, succinate et malonate). Les vitesses de bio- et de photo-transformation de ces composés organiques obtenues dans nos conditions expérimentales sont du même ordre de grandeur (excepté pour l’oxalate). L’acidité du milieu, ainsi que la présence d’irradiation UV et de radicaux •OH, ne semblent pas inhiber l’activité métabolique des microorganismes du nuage ; de plus, la biodégradation du H2O2 présent dans l’eau nuageuse naturelle par sa microflore endogène a également été observée. Cela implique que les microorganismes peuvent modifier le bilan carboné, mais aussi la capacité oxydante au sein de la phase aqueuse du nuage et par conséquent influer sur la chimie atmosphérique.

Published
2011

27. List of Contributors

Author

Ahuja, Satinder, Benvenuto, Mark A., Bern, Carleton R., Birdwell, Justin E., Bromley, David, Cahoon, Lawrence B., Chawla, Neera, Ehrenhauser, Franz S., Engle, Mark, Finley, John W., Fitch, Mark, Gallegos, Tanya J., Haines, Seth S., Heath, Aubrey A., Mehta, Neha, Mezyk, Stephen P., Mohanty, Parimita, Myers, Donna N., Otto, Shauna C., Patel, Nikul K., Roberts-Kirchhoff, Elizabeth S., Schroeder, Alexandra E., Seiber, James N., Shah, Shailesh N., Smith, Zachary R., Sullivan, Francis O’, Taft, Hessy L., Thebaut, Jim, Tongesayi, Tsanangurayi, Tongesayi, Sunungurai, Tyagi, Akshay, Vaitilingom, Mickael, Valsaraj, Kalliat T., and Zimmerman, Kathrin D.

Published
2015
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