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1. First results on new helium based eco-gas mixtures for the Extreme Energy Events Project

Author: Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gnesi, I., Gramegna, F., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project, a joint project of the Centro Fermi (Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "E.Fermi") and INFN, has a dual purpose: a scientific research program on cosmic rays at ground level and an intense outreach and educational program. The project consists in a network of about 60 tracking detectors, called telescopes, mostly hosted in Italian High Schools. Each telescope is made by three Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers, operated so far with a gas mixture composed by 98% C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$ and 2% SF$_6$. Due to its high Global Warming Potential, a few years ago the EEE collaboration has started an extensive R&D on alternative mixtures environmentally sustainable and compatible with the current experimental setup and operational environment. Among other gas mixtures, the one with helium and hydrofluoroolefin R1234ze gave the best result during the preliminary tests performed with two of the network telescopes. The detector has proved to reach performance levels comparable to those obtained with previous mixtures, without any modification of the hardware. We will discuss the first results obtained with the new mixture, tested with different percentages of the two components., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JINST
Published: 2024

2. Interpretable machine learning approach for electron antineutrino selection in a large liquid scintillator detector

Author: Gavrikov, A., Cerrone, V., Serafini, A., Brugnera, R., Garfagnini, A., Grassi, M., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Barresi, A., Basilico, D., Beretta, M., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brigatti, A., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Caccianiga, B., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Ferraro, F., Giammarchi, M. G., Giugice, N., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Loffredo, S., Loi, L., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Miramonti, L., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Percalli, E., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Sava, G., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Torri, M. D. C., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: Several neutrino detectors, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the forthcoming large-scale JUNO, rely on liquid scintillator to detect reactor antineutrino interactions. In this context, inverse beta decay represents the golden channel for antineutrino detection, providing a pair of correlated events, thus a strong experimental signature to distinguish the signal from a variety of backgrounds. However, given the low cross-section of antineutrino interactions, the development of a powerful event selection algorithm becomes imperative to achieve effective discrimination between signal and backgrounds. In this study, we introduce a machine learning (ML) model to achieve this goal: a fully connected neural network as a powerful signal-background discriminator for a large liquid scintillator detector. We demonstrate, using the JUNO detector as an example, that, despite the already high efficiency of a cut-based approach, the presented ML model can further improve the overall event selection efficiency. Moreover, it allows for the retention of signal events at the detector edges that would otherwise be rejected because of the overwhelming amount of background events in that region. We also present the first interpretable analysis of the ML approach for event selection in reactor neutrino experiments. This method provides insights into the decision-making process of the model and offers valuable information for improving and updating traditional event selection approaches.
Published: 2024

3. Distillation and Stripping purification plants for JUNO liquid scintillator

Author: Landini, C., Beretta, M., Lombardi, P., Brigatti, A., Montuschi, M., Parmeggiano, S., Ranucci, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Caccianiga, B., Giammarchi, M. G., Miramonti, L., Percalli, E., Re, A. C., Saggese, P., Torri, M. D. C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuvè, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The optical and radiochemical purification of the scintillating liquid, which will fill the central detector of the JUNO experiment, plays a crucial role in achieving its scientific goals. Given its gigantic mass and dimensions and an unprecedented target value of about 3% @ 1 MeV in energy resolution, JUNO has set severe requirements on the parameters of its scintillator, such as attenuation length (Lat>20 m at 430 nm), transparency, light yield, and content of radioactive contaminants (238U,232Th<10-15 g/g). To accomplish these needs, the scintillator will be processed using several purification methods, including distillation in partial vacuum and gas stripping, which are performed in two large scale plants installed at the JUNO site. In this paper, layout, operating principles, and technical aspects which have driven the design and construction of the distil- lation and gas stripping plants are reviewed. The distillation is effective in enhancing the optical properties and removing heavy radio-impurities (238U,232Th, 40K), while the stripping process exploits pure water steam and high-purity nitrogen to extract gaseous contaminants (222Rn, 39Ar, 85Kr, O2) from the scintillator. The plant operating parameters have been tuned during the recent com- missioning phase at the JUNO site and several QA/QC measurements and tests have been performed to evaluate the performances of the plants. Some preliminary results on the efficiency of these purification processes will be shown., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

4. Refractive index in the JUNO liquid scintillator

Author: Zhang, H. S., Beretta, M., Cialdi, S., Yang, C. X., Huang, J. H., Ferraro, F., Cao, G. F., Reina, G., Deng, Z. Y., Suerra, E., Altilia, S., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Brigatti, A., Caccianiga, B., Giammarchi, M. G., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Miramonti, L., Percalli, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Saggese, P., Torri, M. D. C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In the field of rare event physics, it is common to have huge masses of organic liquid scintillator as detection medium. In particular, they are widely used to study neutrino properties or astrophysical neutrinos. Thanks to its safety properties (such as low toxicity and high flash point) and easy scalability, linear alkyl benzene is the most common solvent used to produce liquid scintillators for large mass experiments. The knowledge of the refractive index is a pivotal point to understand the detector response, as this quantity (and its wavelength dependence) affects the Cherenkov radiation and photon propagation in the medium. In this paper, we report the measurement of the refractive index of the JUNO liquid scintillator between 260-1064 nm performed with two different methods (an ellipsometer and a refractometer), with a sub percent level precision. In addition, we used an interferometer to measure the group velocity in the JUNO liquid scintillator and verify the expected value derived from the refractive index measurements., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

5. Analysis of reactor burnup simulation uncertainties for antineutrino spectrum prediction

Author: Barresi, A., Borghesi, M., Cammi, A., Chiesa, D., Loi, L., Nastasi, M., Previtali, E., Sisti, M., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Beretta, M., Bergnoli, A., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Caccianiga, B., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Ferraro, F., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M. G., Giugice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Loffredo, S., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Miramonti, L., Montuschi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Percalli, E., Petrucci, F., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Torri, M. D. C., Triossi, A., Tuvè, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Nuclear reactors are a source of electron antineutrinos due to the presence of unstable fission products that undergo $\beta^-$ decay. They will be exploited by the JUNO experiment to determine the neutrino mass ordering and to get very precise measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters. This requires the reactor antineutrino spectrum to be characterized as precisely as possible both through high resolution measurements, as foreseen by the TAO experiment, and detailed simulation models. In this paper we present a benchmark analysis utilizing Serpent Monte Carlo simulations in comparison with real pressurized water reactor spent fuel data. Our objective is to study the accuracy of fission fraction predictions as a function of different reactor simulation approximations. Then, utilizing the BetaShape software, we construct fissile antineutrino spectra using the summation method, thereby assessing the influence of simulation uncertainties on reactor antineutrino spectrum.
Published: 2023
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6. Ecological transition for the gas mixtures of the MRPC cosmic ray telescopes of the EEE Project

Author: Ripoli, C., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, D., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gnesi, I., Gramstad, E., Grazzi, S., Håland, E. S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Ould-Saada, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichil, A., and Zuyeuskiv, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Collaboration is fully involved in an ecological transition. The use of the standard gas mixture, \ce{C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}}+ \ce{SF_{6}}, has stopped in favor of an alternative green mixture based on \ce{C_{3}H_{2}F_{4}} with the addition of He or \ce{CO_{2}}. The choise of these new mixtures is motivated by the significant lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) to reduce the emission of gases potentially contributing to the greenhouse effect. The EEE experiment consists of 61 muon telescopes based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs), each telescope composed of 3 chambers filled with gas. Several EEE detectors are today completely fluxed with the new ecological mixture. This contribution will report recent results about the telescope performance obtained from studies with the eco-friendly alternative mixture carried out in the last years.
Published: 2023

7. Analysis of reactor burnup simulation uncertainties for antineutrino spectrum prediction

Author: Barresi, A., Borghesi, M., Cammi, A., Chiesa, D., Loi, L., Nastasi, M., Previtali, E., Sisti, M., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Beretta, M., Bergnoli, A., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Caccianiga, B., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Ferraro, F., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M. G., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Loffredo, S., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Miramonti, L., Montuschi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Percalli, E., Petrucci, F., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Stanco, L., Stanescu Farilla, E., Strati, V., Torri, M. D. C., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Published: 2024
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8. Design and performance of the ENUBET monitored neutrino beam

Author: Acerbi, F., Angelis, I., Bomben, L., Bonesini, M., Bramati, F., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Calviani, M., Capelli, S., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Charitonidis, N., Cindolo, F., Cogo, G., Collazuol, G., Corso, F. Dal, Delogu, C., De Rosa, G., Falcone, A., Goddard, B., Gola, A., Guffanti, D., Halić, L., Iacob, F., Jollet, C., Kain, V., Kallitsopoulou, A., Kliček, B., Kudenko, Y., Lampoudis, Ch., Laveder, M., Legou, P., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lutsenko, E., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Marangoni, S., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., McElwee, J., Meazza, L., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Papaevangelou, T., Parozzi, E. G., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Pupilli, F., Radicioni, E., Ruggeri, A. C., Saibene, G., Sampsonidis, D., Scian, C., Sirri, G., Stipčević, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Tzamarias, S. E., Vallazza, E., Velotti, F., and Votano, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The ENUBET project is aimed at designing and experimentally demonstrating the concept of monitored neutrino beams. These novel beams are enhanced by an instrumented decay tunnel, whose detectors reconstruct large-angle charged leptons produced in the tunnel and give a direct estimate of the neutrino flux at the source. These facilities are thus the ideal tool for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale because they offer superior control of beam systematics with respect to existing facilities. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end design of a monitored neutrino beam capable of monitoring lepton production at the single particle level. This goal is achieved by a new focusing system without magnetic horns, a 20 m normal-conducting transfer line for charge and momentum selection, and a 40 m tunnel instrumented with cost-effective particle detectors. Employing such a design, we show that percent precision in cross-section measurements can be achieved at the CERN SPS complex with existing neutrino detectors., Comment: 24 pages, 33 figures
Published: 2023

9. Updated constraints on sterile neutrino mixing in the OPERA experiment using a new $\nu_e$ identification method

Author: Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper describes a new $\nu_e$ identification method specifically designed to improve the low-energy ($< 30\,\mathrm{GeV}$) $\nu_e$ identification efficiency attained by enlarging the emulsion film scanning volume with the next generation emulsion readout system. A relative increase of 25-70% in the $\nu_e$ low-energy region is expected, leading to improvements in the OPERA sensitivity to neutrino oscillations in the framework of the 3 + 1 model. The method is applied to a subset of data where the detection efficiency increase is expected to be more relevant, and one additional $\nu_e$ candidate is found. The analysis combined with the $\nu_\tau$ appearance results improves the upper limit on $\sin^2 2\theta_{\mu e}$ to 0.016 at 90% C.L. in the MiniBooNE allowed region $\Delta m^2_{41} \sim 0.3\,\mathrm{eV}^2$., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022

10. Refractive index in the JUNO liquid scintillator

Author: Zhang, H.S., Beretta, M., Cialdi, S., Yang, C.X., Huang, J.H., Ferraro, F., Cao, G.F., Reina, G., Deng, Z.Y., Suerra, E., Altilia, S., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Brigatti, A., Caccianiga, B., Giammarchi, M.G., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Miramonti, L., Percalli, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A.C., Saggese, P., Torri, M.D.C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R.M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S.M., Martini, A., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuve’, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Published: 2024
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11. Distillation and gas stripping purification plants for the JUNO liquid scintillator

Author: Landini, C., Beretta, M., Lombardi, P., Brigatti, A., Montuschi, M., Parmeggiano, S., Percalli, E., Ranucci, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Caccianiga, B., Coletta, C., Giammarchi, M.G., Miramonti, L., Re, A.C., Saggese, P., Torri, M.D.C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R.M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S.M., Martini, A., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuve’, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Published: 2024
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12. The cosmic muon and detector simulation framework of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment

Author: Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossin, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Fulci, A., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S, Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Triolo, A. S., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Ungaro, M., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper describes the simulation framework of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment. EEE is a network of cosmic muon trackers, each made of three Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC), able to precisely measure the absolute muon crossing time and the muon integrated angular flux at the ground level. The response of a single MRPC and the combination of three chambers have been implemented in a GEANT4-based framework (GEMC) to study the telescope response. The detector geometry, as well as details about the surrounding materials and the location of the telescopes have been included in the simulations in order to realistically reproduce the experimental set-up of each telescope. A model based on the latest parametrization of the cosmic muon flux has been used to generate single muon events. After validating the framework by comparing simulations to selected EEE telescope data, it has been used to determine detector parameters not accessible by analysing experimental data only, such as detection efficiency, angular and spatial resolution., Comment: 16 pages, 25 figures, 3 tables, submitted to EPJC
Published: 2021
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13. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author: Bay, Daya, collaborations, JUNO, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chakaberia, I., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, ., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. D., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, C., Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, H. T., Li, H. L., Li, J., Li, J. J., Li, J. Q., Li, K. J., Li, M. Z., Li, N., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S. C., Li, S. F., Li, S. J., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. M., Li, X. N., Li, X. L., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Li, Z. Y., Liang, H., Liang, J. J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. X., Lin, T., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. B., Liu, H. D., Liu, H. J., Liu, H. T., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R. X., Liu, S. Y., Liu, S. B., Liu, S. L., Liu, X. W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. J., Shutov, V., Sidorenkov, A., Simkovic, F., Sirignano, C., Siripak, J., Sisti, M., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, M., Smirnov, O., Sogo-Bezerra, T., Songwadhana, J., Soonthornthum, B., Sotnikov, A., Sramek, O., Sreethawong, W., Stahl, A., Stanco, L., Stankevich, K., Stefanik, D., Steiger, H., Steiner, H., Steinmann, J., Stender, M., Strati, V., Studenikin, A., Sun, G. X., Sun, L. T., Sun, J. L., Sun, S. F., Sun, X. L., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Y. Z., Suwonjandee, N., Szelezniak, M., Tang, J., Tang, Q., Tang, X., Tietzsch, A., Tkachev, I., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Troni, G., Trzaska, W., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tuve, C., van Waasen, S., Boom, J. Vanden, Vassilopoulos, N., Vedin, V., Verde, G., Vialkov, M., Viaud, B., Viren, B., Volpe, C., Vorobel, V., Votano, L., Walker, P., Wang, C., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, G. L., Wang, J., Wang, K. Y., Wang, L., Wang, M. F., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, S. G., Wang, W., Wang, W. S., Wang, X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wang, Z. Y., Watcharangkool, A., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wiebusch, C., Wong, S. C. F., Wong, H. L. H., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wu, C. H., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Wu, Z., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Wysotzki, C., Xi, Y. F., Xia, D. M., Xie, Y. G., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, F. R., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, J., Xu, M. H., Xu, T., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, B. J., Yan, X. B., Yan, Y. P., Yang, A. B., Yang, C. G., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X. Y., Yang, Y. F., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Yasin, Z., Ye, J. X., Ye, M., Yegin, U., Yeh, M., Yermia, F., Yi, P. H., You, Z. Y., Young, B. L., Yu, B. X., Yu, C. X., Yu, C. Y., Yu, H. Z., Yu, M., Yu, X. H., Yu, Z. Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z. X., Yuan, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zafar, N., Zambanini, A., Zeng, P., Zeng, S., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, Y. D., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, H. Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, T., Zhang, X. M., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, F. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R., Zhao, S. J., Zhao, T. C., Zheng, D. Q., Zheng, H., Zheng, M. S., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, W. R., Zhou, J., Zhou, L., Zhou, N., Zhou, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, K. J., Zhuang, H. L., Zong, L., and Zou, J. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020

14. Strategies to reduce the environmental impact in the MRPC array of the EEE experiment

Author: Panetta, M. P., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Falchieri, D., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Mandaglio, G., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project employs Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) for studying the secondary cosmic ray muons in Extensive Air Showers. The array consists of about 60 tracking detectors, sparse on Italian territory and at CERN. The MRPCs are flowed with a gas mixture based on $C_2H_2F_4$ and $SF_6$, both of which are fluorinated greenhouse gases with a high environmental impact on the atmosphere. Due to the restrictions imposed by the European Union, these gases are being phased out of production and their cost is largely increasing. The EEE Collaboration started a campaign to reduce the gas emission from its array with the aim of containing costs and decreasing the experiment global warming impact. One method is to reduce the gas rate in each EEE detector. Another is to develop a gas recirculation system, whose a first prototype has been installed at one of the EEE stations located at CERN. Jointly a parallel strategy is focused on searching for environmental friendly gas mixtures which are able to substitute the standard mixture without affecting the MRPC performance. An overview and first results are presented here., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020

15. The ENUBET positron tagger prototype: construction and testbeam performance

Author: Acerbi, F., Bonesini, M., Bramati, F., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Capelli, S., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, Delogu, C., De Rosa, G., Falcone, A., Gola, A., Jollet, C., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lutsenko, E., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meazza, L., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Pupilli, F., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Scian, C., Sirri, G., Stipcevic, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A prototype for the instrumented decay tunnel of ENUBET was tested in 2018 at the CERN East Area facility with charged particles up to 5 GeV. This detector is a longitudinal sampling calorimeter with lateral scintillation light readout. The calorimeter was equipped by an additional "$t_0$-layer" for timing and photon discrimination. The performance of this detector in terms of electron energy resolution, linearity, response to muons and hadron showers are presented in this paper and compared with simulation. The $t_0$-layer was studied both in standalone mode using pion charge exchange and in combined mode with the calorimeter to assess the light yield and the 1 mip/2 mip separation capability. We demonstrate that this system fulfills the requirements for neutrino physics applications and discuss performance and additional improvements., Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, to appear in JINST
Published: 2020
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16. Characteristics and performance of the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers of the EEE experiment

Author: Coccetti, F., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Falchieri, D., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Mandaglio, G., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S, Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment, dedicated to the study of secondary cosmic rays, is arguably the largest detector system in the world implemented by Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers. The EEE network consists of 60 telescopes distributed over all the Italian territory; each telescope is made of three MRPCs and allows to reconstruct the trajectory of cosmic muons with high efficiency and optimal angular resolution. A distinctive feature of the EEE network is that almost all telescopes are housed in High Schools and managed by groups of students and teachers, who previously took care of their construction at CERN. This peculiarity is a big plus for the experiment, which combines the scientific relevance of its objectives with effective outreach activities. The unconventional location of the detectors, mainly in standard classrooms of school buildings, with heterogeneous maintenance conditions and without controlled temperature and dedicated power lines, is a unique test field to verify the robustness, the low aging characteristics and the long-lasting performance of MRPC technology for particle monitoring and timing. Finally, it is reported how the spatial resolution, efficiency, tracking capability and stability of these chambers behave in time., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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17. A simulation tool for MRPC telescopes of the EEE project

Author: Mandaglio, G., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossin, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Fulci, A., Falchieri, D., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S, Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Triolo, A. S., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project is mainly devoted to the study of the secondary cosmic ray radiation by using muon tracker telescopes made of three Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) each. The experiment consists of a telescope network mainly distributed across Italy, hosted in different building structures pertaining to high schools, universities and research centers. Therefore, the possibility to take into account the effects of these structures on collected data is important for the large physics programme of the project. A simulation tool, based on GEANT4 and using GEMC framework, has been implemented to take into account the muon interaction with EEE telescopes and to estimate the effects on data of the structures surrounding the experimental apparata.A dedicated event generator producing realistic muon distributions, detailed geometry and microscopic behavior of MRPCs have been included to produce experimental-like data. The comparison between simulated and experimental data, and the estimation of detector resolutions is here presented and discussed.
Published: 2020
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18. MRPC Telescope Simulation for the Extreme Energy Events Experiment

Author: Mandaglio, G., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Fulci, A., Galante, L., Galeotti, P., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinto, C., Piragino, G., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S, Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Triolo, A. S., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A simulation tool based on GEMC framework to describe the MRPC telescope of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project is presented. The EEE experiment is mainly devoted to the study of the secondary cosmic muons by using MRPC telescope distributed in high schools and research centres in Italy and at CERN. This takes into account the muon interactions with EEE telescopes and the structures surrounding the experimental apparata; it consists of a dedicated event generator producing realistic muon distribution and a detailed geometry description of the detector. Microscopic behaviour of MRPCs has been included to produce experimental-like data. A method to estimate the chamber effciency directly from data has been implemented and tested by comparing the experimental and simulated polar angle distribution of muons., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure, International Workshop - Detection Systems and Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics - Messina (Italy), September 11-13, 2019. To be published in JP:CS
Published: 2020
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19. The hadronic beamline of the ENUBET neutrino beam

Author: ENUBET collaboration, Delogu, C., Acerbi, F., Berra, A., Bonesini, M., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Calviani, M., Capelli, S., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Charitonidis, N., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, De Rosa, G., Falcone, A., Gola, A., Jollet, C., Kain, V., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lutsenko, E., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meazza, L., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Pupilli, F., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Scian, C., Sirri, G., Stipcevic, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., Velotti, F., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The ENUBET ERC project (2016-2021) is studying a facility based on a narrow band beam capable of constraining the neutrino fluxes normalization through the monitoring of the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design and optimization of the hadronic beamline. In this proceeding we present progress on the studies of the proton extraction schemes. We also show a realistic implementation and simulation of the beamline., Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2019 (London, 16-18 December 2019). 4 pages, 4 figures. Typo in author list corrected
Published: 2020

20. Decay tunnel instrumentation for the ENUBET neutrino beam

Author: Acerbi, F., Berra, A., Bonesini, M., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Calviani, M., Capelli, S., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Charitonidis, N., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, Delogu, C., De Rosa, G., Falcone, A., Gola, A., Jollet, C., Kain, V., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lutsenko, E., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meazza, L., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Pupilli, F., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggieri, A. C., Scian, C., Sirri, G., Stipcevic, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., Velotti, F., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The uncertainty in the initial neutrino flux is the main limitation for a precise determination of the absolute neutrino cross section. The ERC funded ENUBET project (2016-2021) is studying a facility based on a narrow band beam to produce an intense source of electron neutrinos with a ten-fold improvement in accuracy. Since March 2019 ENUBET is also a Neutrino Platform experiment at CERN: NP06/ENUBET. A key element of the project is the instrumentation of the decay tunnel to monitor large angle positrons produced together with $\nu_e$ in the three body decays of kaons ($K_{e3}$) and to discriminate them from neutral and charged pions. The need for an efficient and high purity e/$\pi$ separation over a length of several meters, and the requirements for fast response and radiation hardness imposed by the harsh beam environment, suggested the implementation of a longitudinally segmented Fe/scintillator calorimeter with a readout based on WLS fibers and SiPM detectors. An extensive experimental program through several test beam campaigns at the CERN-PS T9 beam line has been pursued on calorimeter prototypes, both with a shashlik and a lateral readout configuration. The latter, in which fibers collect the light from the side of the scintillator tiles, allows to place the light sensors away from the core of the calorimeter, thus reducing possible irradiation damages with respect to the shashlik design. This contribution will present the achievements of the prototyping activities carried out, together with irradiation tests made on the Silicon Photo-Multipliers. The results achieved so far pin down the technology of choice for the construction of the 3 m long demonstrator that will take data in 2021., Comment: Talk presented at the "15th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD19)", 14-17 October 2019. Siena, Italy. 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2020
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21. Embedded Readout Electronics R&D for the Large PMTs in the JUNO Experiment

Author: Bellato, M., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, A., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Clerbaux, B., Corso, F. dal, Corti, D., Dong, J., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giaz, A., Gong, G., Grewing, C., Hu, J., Isocrate, R., Jiang, X., Li, F., Lippi, I., Marini, F., Ning, Z., Olshevskiyi, A. G., Pedretti, D., Petitjean, P. A., Robens, M., Shutov, V., Stahl, A., Steinmannh, J., Sun, Y., van Waasen, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wei, W., Yan, X., Yang, Y., Aiello, A., Andronico, A., Antonelli, V., Bandini, W., Brigatti, A., Barresi, A., Budano, A., Bruno, R., Cabrera, A., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Costa, S., Ding, X., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fargetta, M., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Giammarchi, M., Grassi, M., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pelliccia, N., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Riondino, D., Re, A. C., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F. H., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Tuvè, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Jiangmen Underground neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will primarily study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for the success of the measurement is to use high speed, high resolution sampling electronics located very close to the detector signal. Linearity in the response of the electronics in another important ingredient for the success of the experiment. During the initial design phase of the electronics, a custom design, with the Front-End and Read-Out electronics located very close to the detector analog signal has been developed and successfully tested. The present paper describes the electronics structure and the first tests performed on the prototypes. The electronics prototypes have been tested and they show good linearity response, with a maximum deviation of 1.3% over the full dynamic range (1-1000 p.e.), fulfilling the JUNO experiment requirements., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2020
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22. First observation of a tau neutrino charged current interaction with charm production in the Opera experiment

Author: Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., ić, K. Jakovč, Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., ek, B. Klič, Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., ević, M. Stipč, Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: An event topology with two secondary vertices compatible with the decay of short-lived particles was found in the analysis of neutrino interactions in the Opera target. The observed topology is compatible with tau neutrino charged current (CC) interactions with charm production and neutrino neutral current (NC) interactions with $c\overline{c}$ pair production. However, other processes can mimic this topology. A dedicated analysis was implemented to identify the underlying process. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed and complementary procedures were introduced in the kinematic reconstruction. A multivariate analysis technique was used to achieve an optimal separation of signal from background. Most likely, this event is a $\nu_{\tau}$ CC interaction with charm production, the tau and charm particle decaying into 1 prong and 2 prongs, respectively. The significance of this observation is evaluated., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures; Editors: Marco Roda, Chiara Sirignano and Gabriele Sirri
Published: 2019
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23. The ecological transition of the extreme energy events experiment

Author: Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Baldini Ferroli, R., Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, F., Cicaló, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M.N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M.P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifiró, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M.C.S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Published: 2023
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24. $^{222}$Rn contamination mechanisms on acrylic surfaces

Author: Nastasi, M., Paonessa, A., Previtali, E., Quadrivi, E., Sisti, M., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Baldini, W., Bellato, M., Bergnoli, A., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Buscemi, M., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. Dal, Ding, X. F., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Grassi, M., Isocrate, R., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Lombardi, P., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pelliccia, N., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawi, F. H., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Sirignano, C., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Tuvè, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In this work, the $^{222}$Rn contamination mechanisms on acrylic surfaces have been investigated. $^{222}$Rn can represent a significant background source for low-background experiments, and acrylic is a suitable material for detector design thanks to its purity and transparency. Four acrylic samples have been exposed to a $^{222}$Rn rich environment for different time periods, being contaminated by $^{222}$Rn and its progenies. Subsequently, the time evolution of radiocontaminants activity on the samples has been evaluated with $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ measurements, highlighting the role of different decay modes in the contamination process. A detailed analysis of the alpha spectra allowed to quantify the implantation depth of the contaminants. Moreover, a study of both $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ measurements pointed out the $^{222}$Rn diffusion inside the samples.
Published: 2019

25. Final results on neutrino oscillation parameters from the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam

Author: OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The OPERA experiment has conclusively observed the appearance of tau neutrinos in the muon neutrino CNGS beam. Exploiting the OPERA detector capabilities, it was possible to isolate high purity samples of $\nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\nu_{\tau}$ charged current weak neutrino interactions, as well as neutral current weak interactions. In this Letter, the full dataset is used for the first time to test the three-flavor neutrino oscillation model and to derive constraints on the existence of a light sterile neutrino within the framework of the $3+1$ neutrino model. For the first time, tau and electron neutrino appearance channels are jointly used to test the sterile neutrino hypothesis. A significant fraction of the sterile neutrino parameter space allowed by LSND and MiniBooNE experiments is excluded at 90% C.L. In particular, the best-fit values obtained by MiniBooNE combining neutrino and antineutrino data are excluded at 3.3 $\sigma$ significance., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; Editors: Budimir Kli\v{c}ek and Matteo Tenti
Published: 2019
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26. The ENUBET narrow band neutrino beam

Author: ENUBET Collaboration, Tenti, M., Acerbi, F., Ballerini, G., Bonesini, M., Brizzolari, C., Calviani, G. Brunetti M., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Corso, E. Conti F. Dal, De Rosa, G., Delogu, C., Falcone, A., Goddard, B., Gola, A., Intonti, R. A., Jollet, C., Kain, V., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Loverre, P. F., Ludovici, L., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Piemonte, C., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Prest, M., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Sirri, G., Soldani, M., Stipcevic, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., Velotti, F., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The narrow band beam of ENUBET is the first implementation of the "monitored neutrino beam" technique proposed in 2015. ENUBET has been designed to monitor lepton production in the decay tunnel of neutrino beams and to provide a 1% measurement of the neutrino flux at source. In particular, the three body semi-leptonic decay of kaons monitored by large angle positron production offers a fully controlled $\nu_{e}$ source at the GeV scale for a new generation of short baseline experiments. In this contribution the performances of the positron tagger prototypes tested at CERN beamlines in 2016-2018 are presented., Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2018 (London 19-21 December 2018). 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2019

27. The ENUBET Beamline

Author: ENUBET Collaboration, Brunetti, G., Acerbi, F., Ballerini, G., Bonesini, M., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Calviani, M., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, De Rosa, G., Delogu, C., Falcone, A., Goddard, B., Gola, A., Intonti, R. A., Jollet, C., Kain, V., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Piemonte, C., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Pupilli, F., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Sirri, G., Soldani, M., Stipcevic, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., Velotti, F., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The ENUBET ERC project (2016-2021) is studying a narrow band neutrino beam where lepton production can be monitored at single particle level in an instrumented decay tunnel. This would allow to measure $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\nu_{e}$ cross sections with a precision improved by about one order of magnitude compared to present results. In this proceeding we describe a first realistic design of the hadron beamline based on a dipole coupled to a pair of quadrupole triplets along with the optimisation guidelines and the results of a simulation based on G4beamline. A static focusing design, though less efficient than a horn-based solution, results several times more efficient than originally expected. It works with slow proton extractions reducing drastically pile-up effects in the decay tunnel and it paves the way towards a time-tagged neutrino beam. On the other hand a horn-based transferline would ensure higher yields at the tunnel entrance. The first studies conducted at CERN to implement the synchronization between a few ms proton extraction and a horn pulse of 2-10 ms are also described., Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2018 (London 19-21 December 2018). 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2019

28. Distillation and stripping pilot plants for the JUNO neutrino detector: design, operations and reliability

Author: Lombardi, P., Montuschi, M., Formozov, A., Brigatti, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pompilio, R., Depnering, W., Franke, S., Gaigher, R., Joutsenvaara, J., Mengucci, A., Meroni, E., Steiger, H., Mantovani, F., Ranucci, G., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Baldoncini, M., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Corti, D., Corso, F. Dal, Ding, X. F., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Grassi, M., Insolia, A., Isocrate, R., Lippi, I., Malyshkin, Y., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Pedretti, D., Pelliccia, N., Previtali, E., Re, A. C., Ricci, B., Riondino, D., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F. H., Settanta, G., Sisti, M., Sirignano, C., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper describes the design, construction principles and operations of the distillation and stripping pilot plants tested at the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory, with the perspective to adapt this processes, system cleanliness and leak-tightness to the final full scale plants that will be used for the purification of the liquid scintillator used in the JUNO neutrino detector. The main goal of these plants is to remove radio impurities from the liquid scintillator while increasing its optical attenuation length. Purification of liquid scintillator will be performed with a system combining alumina oxide, distillation, water extraction and steam (or N2 gas) stripping. Such a combined system will aim at obtaining a total attenuation length greater than 20 m at 430 nm, and a bulk radiopurity for 238U and 232Th in the 10-15 to 10-17 g/g range. The pilot plants commissioning and operation have also provided valuable information on the degree of reliability of their main components, which will be particularly useful for the design of the final full scale purification equipment for the JUNO liquid scintillator. This paper describe two of the five pilot plants since the Alumina Column, Fluor mixing and the Water Extraction plants are in charge of the Chinese part of the collaboration.
Published: 2019
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29. A high precision neutrino beam for a new generation of short baseline experiments

Author: Acerbi, F., Ballerini, G., Bolognesi, S., Bonesini, M., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, De Rosa, G., Di Lodovico, F., Delogu, C., Falcone, A., Gola, A., Intonti, R. A., Jollet, C., Klicek, B., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Parozzi, E., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Piemonte, C., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Prest, M., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Nieto, F. Sanchez, Sirri, G., Soldani, M., Stipcevic, M., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Torti, M., Vallazza, E., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The current generation of short baseline neutrino experiments is approaching intrinsic source limitations in the knowledge of flux, initial neutrino energy and flavor. A dedicated facility based on conventional accelerator techniques and existing infrastructures designed to overcome these impediments would have a remarkable impact on the entire field of neutrino oscillation physics. It would improve by about one order of magnitude the precision on $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_e$ cross sections, enable the study of electroweak nuclear physics at the GeV scale with unprecedented resolution and advance searches for physics beyond the three-neutrino paradigm. In turn, these results would enhance the physics reach of the next generation long baseline experiments (DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande) on CP violation and their sensitivity to new physics. In this document, we present the physics case and technology challenge of high precision neutrino beams based on the results achieved by the ENUBET Collaboration in 2016-2018. We also set the R&D milestones to enable the construction and running of this new generation of experiments well before the start of the DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande data taking. We discuss the implementation of this new facility at three different level of complexity: $\nu_\mu$ narrow band beams, $\nu_e$ monitored beams and tagged neutrino beams. We also consider a site specific implementation based on the CERN-SPS proton driver providing a fully controlled neutrino source to the ProtoDUNE detectors at CERN., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted as an input document for the European Particle Physics Strategy. Dec. 2018
Published: 2019

30. GIGJ: a crustal gravity model of the Guangdong Province for predicting the geoneutrino signal at the JUNO experiment

Author: Reguzzoni, M., Rossi, L., Baldoncini, M., Callegari, I., Poli, P., Sampietro, D., Strati, V., Mantovani, F., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Corti, D., Corso, F. Dal, Ding, X. F., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Grassi, M., Insolia, A., Isocrate, R., Lippi, I., Longhitano, F., Presti, D. Lo, Lombardi, P., Malyshkin, Y., Marini, F., Mari, S. M., Martellini, C., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pedretti, D., Pelliccia, N., Pompilio, R., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F. H., Settanta, G., Sisti, M., Sirignano, C., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Geophysics
Abstract: Gravimetric methods are expected to play a decisive role in geophysical modeling of the regional crustal structure applied to geoneutrino studies. GIGJ (GOCE Inversion for Geoneutrinos at JUNO) is a 3D numerical model constituted by ~46 x 10$^{3}$ voxels of 50 x 50 x 0.1 km, built by inverting gravimetric data over the 6{\deg} x 4{\deg} area centered at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, currently under construction in the Guangdong Province (China). The a-priori modeling is based on the adoption of deep seismic sounding profiles, receiver functions, teleseismic P-wave velocity models and Moho depth maps, according to their own accuracy and spatial resolution. The inversion method allowed for integrating GOCE data with the a-priori information and regularization conditions through a Bayesian approach and a stochastic optimization. GIGJ fits the homogeneously distributed GOCE gravity data, characterized by high accuracy, with a ~1 mGal standard deviation of the residuals, compatible with the observation accuracy. Conversely to existing global models, GIGJ provides a site-specific subdivision of the crustal layers masses which uncertainties include estimation errors, associated to the gravimetric solution, and systematic uncertainties, related to the adoption of a fixed sedimentary layer. A consequence of this local rearrangement of the crustal layer thicknesses is a ~21% reduction and a ~24% increase of the middle and lower crust expected geoneutrino signal, respectively. Finally, the geophysical uncertainties of geoneutrino signals at JUNO produced by unitary uranium and thorium abundances distributed in the upper, middle and lower crust are reduced by 77%, 55% and 78%, respectively. The numerical model is available at http://www.fe.infn.it/u/radioactivity/GIGJ, Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2019
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31. Studies on new Eco-gas mixtures for Extreme Energy Events Project

Author: Bossini, E., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Baldini Ferroli, R., Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Hatzifotiadou, D., Rocca, P. La, Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M.N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M.P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M.C.S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Published: 2023
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32. A cosmic muon test facility with the MRPC telescopes of the EEE Project

Author: Grazzi, S., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Bisio, P., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, D., Celentano, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., Gruttola, D. De, Pasquale, S. De, Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Rocca, P. La, Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Marsicano, L., Mazziotta, M.N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M.P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M.C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Published: 2023
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33. Measurement of the cosmic charged particle rate at sea level in the latitude range 35∘÷∘∘÷∘ 82∘÷∘ N with the PolarquEEEst experiment

Author: Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cavazza, D., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Gramstad, E., Grazzi, S., Håland, E. S., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Ould-Saada, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Published: 2023
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34. Latest results of the OPERA experiment on nu-tau appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam

Author: Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malenica, M., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Olchevsky, A., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sadovsky, A., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: OPERA is a long-baseline experiment designed to search for $\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode. It was based at the INFN Gran Sasso laboratory (LNGS) and took data from 2008 to 2012 with the CNGS neutrino beam from CERN. After the discovery of $\nu_\tau$ appearance in 2015, with $5.1\sigma$ significance, the criteria to select $\nu_\tau$ candidates have been extended and a multivariate approach has been used for events identification. In this way the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of $\nu_\tau$ properties has been improved. Results are reported., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, conference: The 15th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (tau2018)AB
Published: 2018

35. Measurement of the cosmic ray muon flux seasonal variation with the OPERA detector

Author: Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gorbunov, S., Gornushkin, Y., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovčić, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Kliček, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubičić, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibayama, E., Shibuya, H., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipčević, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The OPERA experiment discovered muon neutrino into tau neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, detecting tau leptons by means of nuclear emulsion films. The apparatus was also endowed with electronic detectors with tracking capability, such as scintillator strips and resistive plate chambers. Because of its location, in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, under 3800 m.w.e., the OPERA detector has also been used as an observatory for TeV muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In this paper the measurement of the single muon flux modulation and of its correlation with the seasonal variation of the atmospheric temperature are reported.
Published: 2018
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36. New Eco-gas mixtures for the Extreme Energy Events MRPCs: results and plans

Author: Pisano, S., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Ferroli, L. Baldini, Baldini, L., Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Chiavassa, A., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F. L., Frolov, V., Galante, L., Galeotti, P., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Grazzi, S., Gustavino, C., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Mandaglio, G., Rodriguez, O. Maragoto, Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Miozzi, S., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Park, W., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pilo, F., Piragino, G., Riggi, F., Righini, G. C., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serci, S., Squarcia, S., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, M. C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zheng, L., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events observatory is an extended muon telescope array, covering more than 10 degrees both in latitude and longitude. Its 59 muon telescopes are equipped with tracking detectors based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber technology with time resolution of the order of a few hundred picoseconds. The recent restrictions on greenhouse gases demand studies for new gas mixtures in compliance with the relative requirements. Tetrafluoropropene is one of the candidates for tetrafluoroethane substitution, since it is characterized by a Global Warming Power around 300 times lower than the gas mixtures used up to now. Several mixtures have been tested, measuring efficiency curves, charge distributions, streamer fractions and time resolutions. Results are presented for the whole set of mixtures and operating conditions, %. A set of tests on a real EEE telescope, with cosmic muons, are being performed at the CERN-01 EEE telescope. The tests are focusing on identifying a mixture with good performance at the low rates typical of an EEE telescope., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, proceedings for the "XIV Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors" (19-23 February 2018), Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco State, Mexico
Published: 2018
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37. Streamer studies in Resistive Plate Chambers

Author: Paoloni, A., Mengucci, A., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The present paper is meant as an update of the presentation given in a previous Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) workshop, aimed at finding an eco-friendly gas mixture for streamer operation of RPCs. Indeed the streamer working regime is still suitable for building large RPC systems dedicated to low rate applications, such as cosmic ray and neutrino physics. In addition to other studies about gas mixtures for streamer mode operation, in this paper the replacement of R134a with CF4, a gas widely used in other gaseous detectors, has been investigated. The effect of the gas gap thickness on the discharge quenching has also been studied; this is an important check because thin gas gaps of 1 mm, one half of the typical used value, have been introduced for high rate applications. Finally preliminar results about the streamer formation timing are also reported.
Published: 2018
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38. Final results of the OPERA experiment on $\nu_\tau$ appearance in the CNGS beam

Author: OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Gorbunov, S., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Okateva, N., Olchevsky, A., Ogawa, S., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Pistillo, C., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sadovsky, A., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibuya, H., Shibayama, E., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Tufanli, S., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., Wonsak, B., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The OPERA experiment was designed to study $\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ oscillations in appearance mode in the CNGS neutrino beam. In this letter we report the final analysis of the full data sample collected between 2008 and 2012, corresponding to $17.97\cdot 10^{19}$ protons on target. Selection criteria looser than in previous analyses have produced ten $\nu_\tau$ candidate events, thus reducing the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of $\nu_\tau$ properties. A multivariate approach for event identification has been applied to the candidate events and the discovery of $\nu_\tau$ appearance is confirmed with an improved significance level of 6.1 $\sigma$. $\Delta m^2_{23}$ has been measured, in appearance mode, with an accuracy of 20%. The measurement of $\nu_\tau$ CC cross-section, for the first time with a negligible contamination from $\bar{\nu}_\tau$, and the first direct observation of the $\nu_\tau$ lepton number are also reported., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2018
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39. A narrow band neutrino beam with high precision flux measurements

Author: Coffani, A., Ballerini, G., Berra, A., Boanta, R., Bonesini, M., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Calviani, M., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Collazuol, G., Conti, E., Corso, F. Dal, De Rosa, G., Gola, A., Intonti, R. A., Jollet, C., Kudenko, Y., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Loverre, P. F., Ludovici, L., Magaletti, L., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mascagna, V., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Mezzetto, M., Nessi, M., Paoloni, A., Pari, M., Pasqualini, L., Paternoster, G., Patrizii, L., Piemonte, C., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Prest, M., Radicioni, E., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Sirri, G., Soldani, M., Tenti, M., Torti, M., Terranova, F., Vallazza, E., Vesco, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The ENUBET facility is a proposed narrow band neutrino beam where lepton production is monitored at single particle level in the instrumented decay tunnel. This facility addresses simultaneously the two most important challenges for the next generation of cross section experiments: a superior control of the flux and flavor composition at source and a high level of tunability and precision in the selection of the energy of the outcoming neutrinos. We report here the latest results in the development and test of the instrumentation for the decay tunnel. Special emphasis is given to irradiation tests of the photo-sensors performed at INFN-LNL and CERN in 2017 and to the first application of polysiloxane-based scintillators in high energy physics., Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2017 (London, 20-22 December 2017). 5 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2018

40. Final results of the search for $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{e}$ oscillations with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam

Author: OPERA Collaboration, Agafonova, N., Aleksandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bertolin, A., Bozza, C., Brugnera, R., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Chernyavskiy, M., Chukanov, A., Consiglio, L., D'Ambrosio, N., De Lellis, G., De Serio, M., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Di Crescenzo, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Marco, N., Dmitrievsky, S., Dracos, M., Duchesneau, D., Dusini, S., Dzhatdoev, T., Ebert, J., Ereditato, A., Favier, J., Fini, R. A., Fornari, F., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Garfagnini, A., Gentile, V., Goldberg, J., Gornushkin, Y., Gorbunov, S., Grella, G., Guler, A. M., Gustavino, C., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hayakawa, T., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Ishiguro, K., Iuliano, A., Jakovcic, K., Jollet, C., Kamiscioglu, C., Kamiscioglu, M., Kim, S. H., Kitagawa, N., Klicek, B., Kodama, K., Komatsu, M., Kose, U., Kreslo, I., Laudisio, F., Lauria, A., Ljubicic, A., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Malgin, A., Malenica, M., Mandrioli, G., Matsuo, T., Matveev, V., Mauri, N., Medinaceli, E., Meisel, F., Meregaglia, A., Mikado, S., Miyanishi, M., Mizutani, F., Monacelli, P., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Muciaccia, M. T., Naganawa, N., Naka, T., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Niwa, K., Okateva, N., Ogawa, S., Ozaki, K., Paoloni, A., Paparella, L., Park, B. D., Pasqualini, L., Pastore, A., Patrizii, L., Pessard, H., Podgrudkov, D., Polukhina, N., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Roda, M., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ryazhskaya, O., Sato, O., Schembri, A., Shakiryanova, I., Shchedrina, T., Shibuya, H., Shibayama, E., Shiraishi, T., Simone, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Sotnikov, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Starkov, N., Stellacci, S. M., Stipcevic, M., Strolin, P., Takahashi, S., Tenti, M., Terranova, F., Tioukov, V., Vasina, S., Vilain, P., Voevodina, E., Votano, L., Vuilleumier, J. L., Wilquet, G., and Yoon, C. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The OPERA experiment has discovered the tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS muon neutrino beam, in agreement with the 3 neutrino flavour oscillation hypothesis. The OPERA neutrino interaction target, made of Emulsion Cloud Chamber, was particularly efficient in the reconstruction of electromagnetic showers. Moreover, thanks to the very high granularity of the emulsion films, showers induced by electrons can be distinguished from those induced by $\pi^0$s, thus allowing the detection of charged current interactions of electron neutrinos. In this paper the results of the search for electron neutrino events using the full dataset are reported. An improved method for the electron neutrino energy estimation is exploited. Data are compatible with the 3 neutrino flavour mixing model expectations and are used to set limits on the oscillation parameters of the 3+1 neutrino mixing model, in which an additional mass eigenstate $m_{4}$ is introduced. At high $\Delta m^{2}_{41}$ $( \gtrsim 0.1~\textrm{eV}^{2})$, an upper limit on $\sin^2 2\theta_{\mu e}$ is set to 0.021 at 90% C.L. and $\Delta m^2_{41} \gtrsim 4 \times 10^{-3}~\textrm{eV}^{2}$ is excluded for maximal mixing in appearance mode., Comment: Editors: M. Tenti and S. Vasina
Published: 2018

41. Charge reconstruction in large-area photomultipliers

Author: Grassi, M., Montuschi, M., Baldoncini, M., Mantovani, F., Ricci, B., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Corti, D., Corso, F. Dal, Ding, X. F., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Insolia, A., Isocrate, R., Lippi, I., Longhitano, F., Presti, D. Lo, Lombardi, P., Marini, F., Mari, S. M., Martellini, C., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pedretti, D., Pelliccia, N., Pompilio, R., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F. H., Settanta, G., Sisti, M., Sirignano, C., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Verde, G., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Large-area PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMT) allow to efficiently instrument Liquid Scintillator (LS) neutrino detectors, where large target masses are pivotal to compensate for neutrinos' extremely elusive nature. Depending on the detector light yield, several scintillation photons stemming from the same neutrino interaction are likely to hit a single PMT in a few tens/hundreds of nanoseconds, resulting in several photoelectrons (PEs) to pile-up at the PMT anode. In such scenario, the signal generated by each PE is entangled to the others, and an accurate PMT charge reconstruction becomes challenging. This manuscript describes an experimental method able to address the PMT charge reconstruction in the case of large PE pile-up, providing an unbiased charge estimator at the permille level up to 15 detected PEs. The method is based on a signal filtering technique (Wiener filter) which suppresses the noise due to both PMT and readout electronics, and on a Fourier-based deconvolution able to minimize the influence of signal distortions ---such as an overshoot. The analysis of simulated PMT waveforms shows that the slope of a linear regression modeling the relation between reconstructed and true charge values improves from $0.769 \pm 0.001$ (without deconvolution) to $0.989 \pm 0.001$ (with deconvolution), where unitary slope implies perfect reconstruction. A C++ implementation of the charge reconstruction algorithm is available online at http://www.fe.infn.it/CRA .
Published: 2018
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42. Observation of Rayleigh-Lamb waves generated by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption with the POLA detectors at Ny-Ålesund

Author: Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Casula, M., Cavazza, D., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., Gruttola, D. De, Pasquale, S. De, Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Gramstad, E., Grazzi, S., Haland, E. S., Hatzifotiadou, D., Rocca, P. La, Liu, Z., Lombardo, L., Mandaglio, G., Margotti, A., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzola, M., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Ould-Saada, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Parvis, M., Pellegrino, C., Perasso, L., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scioli, G., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Viola, A. P., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Published: 2022
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43. Gas gap studies about streamer operated RPCs

Author: Paoloni, A., Mengucci, A., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The requirement of high rate capability for operation at LHC, led 20 years ago to the achievement of Resistive Plate Chambers operated in avalanche mode, thanks to the introduction of new gas mixtures and to the development of the Front-End electronics. The need for a further increase of the rate capability, in view of the upgrades of LHC, is imposing new detector geometries with thinner gas gaps and electrodes. Streamer operation of RPCs may still be suitable for low rate experiments, and therefore in this paper a comparison between two different detector geometries, the old standard and the newly proposed one, is performed in streamer mode., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures Minor revisions. Results unchanged
Published: 2017
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44. The Extreme Energy Events HECR array: status and perspectives

Author: Gnesi, I., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Batignani, G., Bencivenni, G., Bossini, E., Chiavassa, A., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., Di Giovanni, A., D'Incecco, M., Dreucci, M., Fabbri, F. L., Fattibene, E., Ferraro, A., Frolov, V., Galeotti, P., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Grazzi, S., Gustavino, C., Hatzifotiadu, D., Liciulli, F., La Rocca, P., Maggiora, A., Rodriguez, O. Maragoto, Maron, G., Martelli, B., Mazziotta, M. N., Miozzi, S., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Park, W., Perasso, L., Pilo, F., Piragino, G., Riggi, F., Righini, G. C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serci, S., Siddi, E., Squarcia, S., Stori, L., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Visnyei, O. B., Vistoli, M. C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zani, S., Zichichi, A., and Zuyeuski, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Extreme Energy Events Project is a synchronous sparse array of 52 tracking detectors for studying High Energy Cosmic Rays (HECR) and Cosmic Rays-related phenomena. The observatory is also meant to address Long Distance Correlation (LDC) phenomena: the network is deployed over a broad area covering 10 degrees in latitude and 11 in longitude. An overview of a set of preliminary results is given, extending from the study of local muon flux dependance on solar activity to the investigation of the upward-going component of muon flux traversing the EEE stations; from the search for anisotropies at the sub-TeV scale to the hints for observations of km-scale Extensive Air Shower (EAS)., Comment: XXV ECRS 2016 Proceedings - eConf C16-09-04.3
Published: 2017

45. Ecological transition for the gas mixtures of the MRPC cosmic ray telescopes of the EEE Project

Author: Ripoli, C., primary, Abbrescia, M., additional, Avanzini, C., additional, Baldini, L., additional, Baldini Ferroli, R., additional, Batignani, G., additional, Battaglieri, M., additional, Boi, S., additional, Bossini, E., additional, Carnesecchi, F., additional, Cavazza, D., additional, Cicalò, C., additional, Cifarelli, L., additional, Coccetti, F., additional, Coccia, E., additional, Corvaglia, A., additional, De Gruttola, D., additional, De Pasquale, S., additional, Galante, L., additional, Garbini, M., additional, Gnesi, I., additional, Grazzi, S., additional, Hatzifotiadou, D., additional, La Rocca, P., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Lombardo, L., additional, Mandaglio, G., additional, Margotti, A., additional, Maron, G., additional, Mazziotta, M.N., additional, Mulliri, A., additional, Nania, R., additional, Noferini, F., additional, Nozzoli, F., additional, Palmonari, F., additional, Panareo, M., additional, Panetta, M.P., additional, Paoletti, R., additional, Parvis, M., additional, Pellegrino, C., additional, Perasso, L., additional, Pinazza, O., additional, Pinto, C., additional, Pisano, S., additional, Riggi, F., additional, Righini, G., additional, Rizzi, M., additional, Sartorelli, G., additional, Scapparone, E., additional, Schioppa, M., additional, Scioli, G., additional, Scribano, A., additional, Selvi, M., additional, Taiuti, M., additional, Terreni, G., additional, Trifirò, A., additional, Trimarchi, M., additional, Vistoli, C., additional, Votano, L., additional, Williams, M.C.S., additional, Zichichi, A., additional, and Zuyeuski, R., additional
Published: 2024
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46. The NP06/ENUBET Project: Towards a Monitored Neutrino Beam

Author: Torti, M., Bonesini, M., Bramati, F., Branca, A., Brizzolari, C., Brunetti, G., Falcone, A., Meazza, L., Parozzi, E. G., Terranova, F., Acerbi, F., Gola, A., Paternoster, G., Angelis, I., Lampoudis, Ch., Sampsonidis, D., Tzamarias, S. E., Calviani, M., Charitonidis, N., Goddard, B., Kain, V., Nessi, M., Velotti, F., Capelli, S., Lutsenko, E., Mascagna, V., Prest, M., Vallazza, E., Carturan, S., Catanesi, M. G., Magaletti, L., Radicioni, E., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Mandrioli, G., Margotti, A., Mauri, N., Pasqualini, L., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Sirri, G., Tenti, M., Cogo, G., Collazuol, G., Dal Corso, F., Delogu, C., Iacob, F., Laveder, M., Longhin, A., Mezzetto, M., Pari, M., Pupilli, F., Scian, C., De Rosa, G., Riccio, C., Ruggeri, A. C., Jollet, C., Meregaglia, A., Klicek, B., Stipcevic, M., Kudenko, Y., Ludovici, L., Paoloni, A., and Votano, L.
Published: 2022
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47. A compact light readout system for longitudinally segmented shashlik calorimeters

Author: Berra, A., Brizzolari, C., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Jollet, C., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Mandrioli, G., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Paoloni, A., Pasqualini, L., Patrizii, L., Pozzato, M., Pupilli, F., Prest, M., Sirri, G., Terranova, F., Vallazza, E., and Votano, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The longitudinal segmentation of shashlik calorimeters is challenged by dead zones and non-uniformities introduced by the light collection and readout system. This limitation can be overcome by direct fiber-photosensor coupling, avoiding routing and bundling of the wavelength shifter fibers and embedding ultra-compact photosensors (SiPMs) in the bulk of the calorimeter. We present the first experimental test of this readout scheme performed at the CERN PS-T9 beamline in 2015 with negative particles in the 1-5~GeV energy range. In this paper, we demonstrate that the scheme does not compromise the energy resolution and linearity compared with standard light collection and readout systems. In addition, we study the performance of the calorimeter for partially contained charged hadrons to assess the $e/\pi$ separation capability and the response of the photosensors to direct ionization., Comment: To appear in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A
Published: 2016
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48. A non-conventional neutrino beamline for the measurement of the electron neutrino cross section

Author: Berra, A., Cecchini, S., Cindolo, F., Jollet, C., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Mandrioli, G., Mauri, N., Meregaglia, A., Paoloni, A., Pasqualini, L., Patrizii, L., Pupilli, F., Pozzato, M., Prest, M., Sirri, G., Terranova, F., Vallazza, E., and Votano, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Absolute neutrino cross section measurements at the GeV scale are ultimately limited by the knowledge of the initial $\nu$ flux. In order to evade such limitation and reach the accuracy that is needed for precision oscillation physics ($\sim 1$%), substantial advances in flux measurement techniques are requested. We discuss here the possibility of instrumenting the decay tunnel to identify large-angle positrons and monitor $\nu_e$ production from $K^+ \rightarrow e^+ \nu_e \pi^0$ decays. This non conventional technique opens up opportunities to measure the $\nu_e$ CC cross section at the per cent level in the energy range of interest for DUNE/HK. We discuss the progress in the simulation of the facility (beamline and instrumentation) and the ongoing R&D., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of NuFact15
Published: 2015

49. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author: Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F.P., An, G.P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J.P.A.M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A.B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H.R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y.K., Cai, Z.Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C.Y., Cao, G.F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chang, J.F., Chang, Y., Chen, H.S., Chen, P.A., Chen, P.P., Chen, S.M., Chen, S.J., Chen, X.R., Chen, Y.W., Chen, Y.X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y.P., Cheng, Z.K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J.J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M.C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, C., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Dal Corso, F., Cummings, J.P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F.S., Deng, J.W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z.Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X.F., Ding, Y.Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M.V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J.M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S.X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D.A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D.H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L.C., Feng, Q.C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J.P., Gan, H.N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G.H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M.H., Gu, W.Q., Gu, X.F., Gu, Y., Guan, M.Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J.Y., Guo, L., Guo, W.L., Guo, X.H., Guo, Y.H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R.W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K.M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y.K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D.J., Hor, Y.K., Hou, S.J., Hsiung, Y.B., Hu, B.Z., Hu, H., Hu, J.R., Hu, J., Hu, S.Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z.J., Huang, C.H., Huang, G.H., Huang, H.X., Huang, Q.H., Huang, W.H., Huang, X.T., Huang, Y.B., Huber, P., Hui, J.Q., Huo, L., Huo, W.J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D.E., Jen, K.L., Ji, X.L., Ji, X.P., Ji, X.Z., Jia, H.H., Jia, J.J., Jian, S.Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X.S., Jin, R.Y., Jing, X.P., Johnson, R.A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S.H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Landini, C., Langford, T.J., Lee, J., Lee, J.H.C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, D.M., Li, F., Li, H.T., Li, H.L., Li, J., Li, J.J., Li, J.Q., Li, K.J., Li, M.Z., Li, N., Li, Q.J., Li, R.H., Li, S.C., Li, S.F., Li, S.J., Li, T., Li, W.D., Li, W.G., Li, X.M., Li, X.N., Li, X.L., Li, X.Q., Li, Y., Li, Y.F., Li, Z.B., Li, Z.Y., Liang, H., Liang, J.J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C.J., Lin, G.L., Lin, S.X., Lin, T., Lin, Y.H., Ling, J.J., Link, J.M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B.R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H.B., Liu, H.D., Liu, H.J., Liu, H.T., Liu, J.C., Liu, J.L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R.X., Liu, S.Y., Liu, S.B., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H.Q., Lu, J.B., Lu, J.G., Lu, S.X., Lu, X.X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K.B., Luo, F.J., Luo, G., Luo, P.W., Luo, S., Luo, W.M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q.M., Ma, S., Ma, X.B., Ma, X.Y., Ma, Y.Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y.J., Mari, S.M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D.A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K.T., McKeown, R.D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Mednieks, I., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D.V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F.P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J.P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H.R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y.T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A.G., Peng, H.P., Peng, J.C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P.A., Rico, L.F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C.S.J., Qi, F.Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X.H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z.H., Qiu, S.K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C.M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X.C., Ruan, X.D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J.Y., Shi, Y.J., Shutov, V., Sidorenkov, A., Šimkovic, F., Sirignano, C., Siripak, J., Sisti, M., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, M., Smirnov, O., Sogo-Bezerra, T., Songwadhana, J., Soonthornthum, B., Sotnikov, A., Sramek, O., Sreethawong, W., Stahl, A., Stanco, L., Stankevich, K., Štefánik, D., Steiger, H., Steiner, H., Steinmann, J., Stender, M., Strati, V., Studenikin, A., Sun, G.X., Sun, L.T., Sun, J.L., Sun, S.F., Sun, X.L., Sun, Y.J., Sun, Y.Z., Suwonjandee, N., Szelezniak, M., Tang, J., Tang, Q., Tang, X., Tietzsch, A., Tkachev, I., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Troni, G., Trzaska, W., Tse, W.-H., Tull, C.E., Tuve, C., van Waasen, S., Boom, J. van den, Vassilopoulos, N., Vedin, V., Verde, G., Vialkov, M., Viaud, B., Viren, B., Volpe, C., Vorobel, V., Votano, L., Walker, P., Wang, C., Wang, C.H., Wang, E., Wang, G.L., Wang, J., Wang, K.Y., Wang, L., Wang, M.F., Wang, M., Wang, N.Y., Wang, R.G., Wang, S.G., Wang, W., Wang, W.S., Wang, X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.F., Wang, Y.G., Wang, Y.M., Wang, Y.Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z.M., Wang, Z.Y., Watcharangkool, A., Wei, H.Y., Wei, L.H., Wei, W., Wei, Y.D., Wen, L.J., Whisnant, K., White, C.G., Wiebusch, C., Wong, S.C.F., Wong, H.L.H., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wu, C.H., Wu, D.R., Wu, F.L., Wu, Q., Wu, W.J., Wu, Z., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Wysotzki, C., Xi, Y.F., Xia, D.M., Xie, Y.G., Xie, Z.Q., Xing, Z.Z., Xu, D.L., Xu, F.R., Xu, H.K., Xu, J.L., Xu, J., Xu, M.H., Xu, T., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, B.J., Yan, X.B., Yan, Y.P., Yang, A.B., Yang, C.G., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X.Y., Yang, Y.F., Yang, Y.Z., Yao, H.F., Yasin, Z., Ye, J.X., Ye, M., Yegin, U., Yeh, M., Yermia, F., Yi, P.H., You, Z.Y., Young, B.L., Yu, B.X., Yu, C.X., Yu, C.Y., Yu, H.Z., Yu, M., Yu, X.H., Yu, Z.Y., Yuan, C.Z., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z.X., Yuan, Z.Y., Yue, B.B., Zafar, N., Zambanini, A., Zeng, P., Zeng, S., Zeng, T.X., Zeng, Y.D., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F.Y., Zhang, G.Q., Zhang, H.H., Zhang, H.Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.B., Zhang, J.W., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q.M., Zhang, T., Zhang, X.M., Zhang, X.T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.H., Zhang, Y.M., Zhang, Y.P., Zhang, Y.X., Zhang, Y.Y., Zhang, Z.J., Zhang, Z.P., Zhang, Z.Y., Zhao, F.Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R., Zhao, S.J., Zhao, T.C., Zheng, D.Q., Zheng, H., Zheng, M.S., Zheng, Y.H., Zhong, W.R., Zhou, J., Zhou, L., Zhou, N., Zhou, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, K.J., Zhuang, H.L., Zong, L., and Zou, J.H.
Published: 2021
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50. Embedded readout electronics R&D for the large PMTs in the JUNO experiment

Author: Bellato, M., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, A., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Clerbaux, B., dal Corso, F., Corti, D., Dong, J., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giaz, A., Gong, G., Grewing, C., Hu, J., Isocrate, R., Jiang, X., Li, F., Lippi, I., Marini, F., Ning, Z., Olshevskiy, A., Pedretti, D., Petitjean, P.A., Robens, M., Shutov, V., Stahl, A., Steinmann, J., Sun, Y., van Waasen, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wei, W., Yan, X., Yang, Y., Aiello, A., Andronico, A., Antonelli, V., Bandini, W., Brigatti, A., Barresi, A., Budano, A., Bruno, R., Cabrera, A., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Costa, S., Ding, X., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fargetta, M., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Giammarchi, M., Grassi, M., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mari, S.M., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pelliccia, N., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Riondino, D., Re, A.C., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F.H., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Tuvé, C., Verde, G., Votano, L., and Zhang, J.
Published: 2021
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