Search

Lagos-Kutz, Doris, Voegtlin, D. J., Hartman, Glen (2017): Identification of a new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on distinct morphology rather than DNA barcoding. Insecta Mundi 2017 (535): 1-11, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5353418, {"references":["Blackman, R. L., and V. F. Eastop. 2006. Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Vols 1 and 2. Wiley, Chichester (UK) and New York. 1439 p. (Available at ~ http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info. Last accessed December 2016.)","Brown, P. A. 1989. Keys to the alate Aphis (Homoptera) of northern Europe. British Museum (Natural History), London. Systematic Entomology 5: 1-29.","Carletto, J., A. Blin, and F. Vanlerberghe-Masutti. 2009. DNA-based discrimination between the sibling species Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis frangulae Kaltenbach. Systematic Entomology 34 (2): 307-314.","Coeur d'acier, A., A. Cruaud, E. Artige, G. Genson, A-L. Clamens, E. Pierre, S. Hudaverdian, J-C. Simmon, A. E. Jousselin, and J. Y. Rasplus. 2014. DNA Barcoding and the Associated PhylAphidB@se Website for the Identification of European Aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLoS ONE 9(6): e97620. (Available at ~ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal. pone.0097620. Last accessed December 2016.)","Cook, E. F. 1984. Aphis (Homoptera: Aphididae) recorded from compositae in North America, with a key to the species East of the Rocky Mountains and comments on synonymy and redescriptions of some little known forms. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 77: 442-449.","DeSalle, R. 2006. Species Discovery versus Species Identification in DNA Barcoding Efforts: Response to Rubinoff. Conservation Biology 20(5): 1545-1547.","Favret, C., and G. L. Miller. 2011. The neotype of the cotton aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphis gossypii Glover 1877. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113(2): 119-126.","Foottit, R. G., H. E. L. Maw, C. D. von Dohlen, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2008. Species identification of aphids (Insecta:Hemiptera:Aphididae) through DNA barcodes. Molecular Ecology Resources 8: 1189-1201.","Garcia Prieto, F., A. Tinaut Ranera, N. Perez Hidalgo, and J. M. Nieto Nafria. 2005. Genero Aphis Linnaeus, 1788. p. 30-173. In: J. M. Nieto Nafria, M. P. Mier Durante, F. Garcia Prieto, and N. Perez Hidalgo (eds.). Hemiptera Aphididae III. Fauna Iberica, Vol. 28. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC; Madrid. 364 p.","Gillette, C. P. 1927. Notes on a few aphid species and the genus Illinoia Wilson. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 20(3): 344-348.","Harley, R. M., S. Atkins, A. L. Budantsev, P. D. Cantino, B. J. Conn, R. J. Grayer, M. M. Harley, R. P. J. de Kok, T. V. Krestovskaja, R. Morales, A. J. Paton, and P. O. Ryding. 2004. Labiatae. p. 167-275. In: K. Kubitzki (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 7. Springer-Verlag; Berlin, Germany. 275 p.","Heie, O. 1986. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. III Family Aphididae: subfamily Pterocommatinae and tribe Aphidini of subfamily Aphidinae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 3(17). 314 p.","Hottes, F. C., and T. H. Frison. 1931. The plant lice, or Aphiidae, of Illinois. Bull. Illinois Natural History Survey 19: 121-447.","Kim, H., and S. Lee. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of the tribe Aphidini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on the mitochondrial tRNA/COII, 12S/16S and the nuclear EF1-α genes. Systematic Entomology 33(4): 711-721.","Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16(2): 111-120.","Komazaki, S., T. Shigehara, and S. Toda. 2010. Diversity of Japanese Aphis gossypii and comparison with other Aphis species based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103(6): 916-924. (Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ AN10085. Last accessed January 2017.)","Lagos, D. M., B. Puttler, R. Giordano, and D. J. Voegtlin. 2012. A new species of Aphis (Hemiptera:Aphididae) in Missouri on St. John's Wort, Hypericum kalmianum, and re-description of Aphis hyperici Monell. Zootaxa 3478: 81-92.","Lagos, D. M., D. J. Voegtlin, A. Coeur d'acier, and R. Giordano. 2014. Aphis (Hemiptera:Aphididae) species groups found in the Midwestern United States and their contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the genus. Insect Science 21: 1-18.","Lagos-Kutz, D., C. Favret, R. Giordano, and D. J. Voegtlin. 2014. Molecular and morphological differentiation between Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphididae) and related species, with particular reference to the North American Midwest. ZooKeys 459: 49-72.","Lagos-Kutz, D., C. Favret, R. Giordano, and D. J. Voegtlin. 2016. The status of the members of the Aphis asclepiadis species group (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the United States of America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 109(4), 585-594.","Lee, W., Y. Lee, H. Kim, S. Akimoto, and S. Lee. 2014. Developing a new molecular marker for aphid species identification. Evaluation of eleven candidate genes with species-level sampling. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 17: 617-627.","Massimino Cocuzza, G.E., and V. Cavalieri. 2014. Identification of aphids of Aphis frangulae-group living on Lamiaceae species through DNA barcode. Molecular Ecology Resources 14: 447-457.","Meier, R. 2008. DNA sequences in taxonomy opportunities and challenges. p. 95-127. In: Q. D. Wheeler (eds.). The new taxonomy. The systematics association special volume, Vol. 76. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. 256 p.","Oestlund, O. W. 1887. Synopsis of the Aphididae of Minnesota. Bull. of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. 14: 17-56.","Palmer, M. 1952. Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region, Vol. 5. Thomas Say Foundation, Denver, Colorado. 452 p.","Stroyan, H. L. G. 1984. Aphids-Pterocommatinae and Aphidinae (Aphidini). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6. Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen's Gate, London. 232 p.","Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods), version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.","USDA-NRCS. 2015. The plants database National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. (Available at ~ http://plants.usda.gov. Last accessed October 2016.).","Voegtlin, D. J., S. E. Halbert, and G-X. Qiao. 2004. A guide to separating Aphis glycines Matsumura and morphologically similar species that share its hosts. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97(2): 227-232.","Wang, J-F., L-Y. Jiang, and G-X. Qiao. 2011. Use of mitochondrial COI sequence to identify species of subtribe Aphidina. Zookeys 122: 1-17."]}

Aphis elena Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin sp. nov. Diagnosis. Apterous viviparae similar to A. gossypii. Distinguished by the ratio of the length of siphunculus to the length of the cauda (SIPH/CA), 1–1.6 for A. elena and 1.3–2.5 for A. gossypii. Alate viviparae with few secondary sensoria in straight line restricted to antennal segments III (5–6) and IV (1–2). Distance from the base of antennal segment III to the first secondary sensorium (DBIII) 0.07–0.09. Forewing with median vein once-forked. Dark hind coxa. Cauda paler than siphunculus, with 6–7 setae. Ratio SIPH/CA=1–1.3. Marginal sclerites dusky. Description. Apterous viviparae (n=22) (Table 1 and Figures 1–8). Color in life (Figure 18): Head, thorax and abdomen dark green, covered with white wax. Color of cleared specimens: Head: dark. Six antennal segments, rarely five (not included in morphometry): first, second, fifth and base of last antennal segment dusky; the remainder pale or slightly dusky. Ultimate rostral segment (URS) reaches the hind coxae. Thorax: Coxae dusky. Trochanters paler than coxae. Femora slightly dusky on distal half, basal tips pale. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky. Abdomen: Cauda dusky and slightly spoon-shaped with inward curled setae. Siphunculi dark, imbricated with flange. Pre and post-siphuncular sclerite absent. Marginal sclerites pale. Marginal tubercles on abdominal II, III, and IV absent. Dorsum of abdomen without sclerites, cuticle with reticulation. Sub-genital plate dusky and complete. Alate viviparae (n=6) (Table 1 and Figures 9–17). Color of cleared specimens: Head: Head and thorax dark. First and second antennal segments darker than other segments. Secondary sensoria restricted to antennal segments III and IV, arranged in a single row. URS reaches hind coxae, with 2 accessory setae. Thorax: Fore and middle femora dusky throughout. Hind femora dark except on pale base. Coxae dark. Trochanters paler than coxae. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky or dark. Forewing with median vein once-forked. Abdomen: Cauda dusky, slightly spoon-shaped. Siphunculi dark, imbricated with flange. Marginal sclerites dusky. Pre-siphuncular sclerite absent. Postsiphuncular sclerite dusky. Marginal tubercles on abdominal II, III, and IV absent. Dorsum of abdomen with small transverse sclerites on VI, and VII and large transverse sclerite on VIII. Subgenital plate dusky and complete. Type material. HOLOTYPE. Apterous vivipara. USA; Illinois; Lake County; Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve; on Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D. Jacks. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald 42.2620° N x 87.8962° W; 20.vi.2010; D. Lagos-Kutz. (INHS Insect Collection 511,252). Paratypes: 4 alate viviparae, 25 apterous viviparae, 511,243-510,259, Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve, 42.2620° N x 87.8962° W, Lake County, IL, 20.vi. 2010, on Pycnanthemum virginianum, D. Lagos-Kutz; 1 apterous vivipara, 511,363, Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve, 42.2620° N x 87.8962° W, Lake County, IL, 28.vi.2008, on Pycnanthemum virginianum, D. Voegtlin. Biology. Two collections of alate and apterous viviparae females of A. elena were found in the summer (late June) of 2008 and 2010 on Pycnanthemum virginianum in Middlefork Savanna Forest Preserve, Lake Forest, Lake County, Illinois. The sexual morph was not found. It is likely that because the host plant is perennial, this aphid overwinters on the same host plant. Further observations need to be done to learn more about the biology of A. elena. Etymology. This species is named after the first author’s daughter’s middle name, Katherine Elena. Dichotomous keys to apterous and alate viviparous females of the Aphis that feed on Lamiaceae in the North American Midwest. The dichotomous key presented below is based on specimens from collections made in the Midwest (may not be reliable in other geographic regions), and molecular data for specimens from these collections support our morphologically based identifications. Morphological data for these species is shown in Lagos et al. (2014), Lagos-Kutz et al. (2014), and Blackman and Eastop (2006). For some comparative morphometric data of European specimens of A. fabae, A. gossypii and A. nasturtii see Stroyan (1984), Heie (1986), Brown (1989) and García Prieto et al. (2005)., Published as part of Lagos-Kutz, Doris, Voegtlin, D. J. & Hartman, Glen, 2017, Identification of a new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on distinct morphology rather than DNA barcoding, pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (535) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353418, {"references":["Lagos, D. M., D. J. Voegtlin, A. Coeur d'acier, and R. Giordano. 2014. Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species groups found in the Midwestern United States and their contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the genus. Insect Science 21: 1 - 18.","Lagos-Kutz, D., C. Favret, R. Giordano, and D. J. Voegtlin. 2014. Molecular and morphological differentiation between Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphididae) and related species, with particular reference to the North American Midwest. ZooKeys 459: 49 - 72.","Blackman, R. L., and V. F. Eastop. 2006. Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Vols 1 and 2. Wiley, Chichester (UK) and New York. 1439 p. (Available at ~ http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info. Last accessed December 2016.)","Stroyan, H. L. G. 1984. Aphids-Pterocommatinae and Aphidinae (Aphidini). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6. Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen's Gate, London. 232 p.","Heie, O. 1986. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. III Family Aphididae: subfamily Pterocommatinae and tribe Aphidini of subfamily Aphidinae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 3 (17). 314 p.","Brown, P. A. 1989. Keys to the alate Aphis (Homoptera) of northern Europe. British Museum (Natural History), London. Systematic Entomology 5: 1 - 29.","Garcia Prieto, F., A. Tinaut Ranera, N. Perez Hidalgo, and J. M. Nieto Nafria. 2005. Genero Aphis Linnaeus, 1788. p. 30 - 173. In: J. M. Nieto Nafria, M. P. Mier Durante, F. Garcia Prieto, and N. Perez Hidalgo (eds.). Hemiptera Aphididae III. Fauna Iberica, Vol. 28. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC; Madrid. 364 p."]}