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Romania is organized with all the 41 counties into 8 development regions. Some regions have an important representation for quality schemes and products that enrich the cultural and gastronomic heritage of the area. Among the 4,857 certified products at national level, the highest share belongs to mountain products, an aspect which consolidates the national and not necessarily international representativeness. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the status of agri-food products with national recognition and products with international recognition regarding the attestation of quality schemes. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the linear and polynomial regression functions (2nd, 3rd and 4th degree) were used to analyze the relationship between the number of certified products and the number agricultural holdings. The data are collected from national and European registers (e-Ambrosia). For the certified products, the data were extracted for the period 2005-2023, and regarding agricultural holdings, 2002-2020 was analyzed. The results pointed out that there is no direct relationship between agricultural holdings and the number of certified products and that the center and northwest regions are the ones that best represent Romania in terms of agro-food products with gastronomic value and certified quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LEADER programme provides new opportunities for rural development, identifies the local gaps/needs and implements the new solutions using a bottom-up approach. The publication follows the evolution of the programme both at European and national level, namely in Romania. The information was generated by the Ministry of Agriculture website and Rural Development and by the European Commission. They were processed by the Court of Accounts. In the European Union it was first introduced 32 years ago while in Romania only 16 years ago. The central mechanism and at the same time the beneficiary of this programme is the LAG (Local Action Group), meant to facilitate implementing the LEADER principles. The programme became compulsory to every member state between 2014-2020 and each state had to provide 5% of the rural development fund for the LEADER policy, excepting Croatia since it had just adhered to the EU, in 2013.In Romania, between 2011-2012, 163 LAGs were established while currently the number goes up to 259. However, parts of the Romanian territory are still not covered by any LAG, although they are eligible for the LEADER implementation. On the other hand, between 2014-2020 some LAGs' functioning authorizations were canceled. In Europe, a number of 143,487 LEADER projects were registered. Although the EU planned to provide funding of up to Euro 9.2 billion, the real amount was of 7 billion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural area has faced and continues to face countless challenges regarding the lack of financial resources, the way to use material and human resources, labor productivity and labor mobility. Although Romania is a rich country in natural resources, the rural environment being predominant and having an old tradition in agriculture, certain factors stop or make rural development quite difficult. The present study aims to identify and analyze these factors that make rural development less than desired, ways to finance human resources through programs dedicated to the rural environment so that people who earn income from subsistence agriculture can also develop in non-agricultural fields, can achieve a performing agriculture and helps the economic and social growth of the Southwest Oltenia region. An important source of financing for the rural environment is funds from the European Union, which also contribute to the development of human resources in the area. To begin with, we considered the statistical analysis of the data on the evolution of the resident population in the region, the employed population, the net monthly salary that people in the region obtain according to the branches of the national economy, but also statistical data related to unemployment. Thus, for an overview of the existing situation, we continued with a SWOT analysis of the regions in order to establish investment priorities. Another important point in the paper, which helps us to observe the contribution of European funds to rural development, is the degree in care of the measures of the National Rural Development Program accessed as well as certain factors that made submeasure 1.1. to be poorly accessed. The conclusions of the study show that the South-West Oltenia region has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country, with a population that, living mostly on the income obtained from subsistence agriculture, is in acute need of funds, additional training and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers are increasingly paying attention to the origin and quality of the products they consume. In the last decades there has been a significant increase in interest in agri-food products certified under quality schemes, which are often perceived as being of superior quality with unique sensory properties. Quality schemes are a way of recognizing the quality of agri-food products to enable consumers to make informed choices. In addition to product quality, producers must maintain a food safety standard through clear rules and verified by the competent institutions of the Romanian Government. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the implementation of the national schemes regarding traditional products. The data provided by Ministry of Agriculture were used to create an image on the present situation. Romania is strongly represented by products with national quality schemes, but not necessarily at the EU level. Romania certified 764 products from 2020 until 2022. In 2022 the producers were being forced to reauthorize themselves in order to maintain the right to sell the traditional product on the Romanian market because of a legislative change on the perspective on the National Register of Traditional Products. Now Romania have 732 valid certificates for traditional products in 37 counties of 42. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agri-environment and climate payments represent a key element necessary for the integration of environmental protection issues into the Common Agricultural Policy. In Romania, this measure aims to encourage farmers (users of agricultural land) to adopt, on a voluntary basis, agricultural practices that ensure the maintenance of the environmental value of rural areas, the maintenance of specific habitats of agricultural land important for priority wild species, the sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of traditional landscapes. This paper presents the situation of accessing the agri-environment and climate compensatory payment measure for adaptation to the effects of climate change on agricultural land, in Romania, between 2015 and 2019, where a total of 212,413 beneficiaries were registered, with a total eligible area of 1,799,820 hectares and the eligible value of compensatory payments was 231,563,125.73 euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic farming promotes extensive agricultural practices, providing environmental public goods and responding to society's demand for the use of environmentally friendly agricultural practices, but also to increased consumer demand for organic products. Organic agriculture contributes to mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming, through the ability to sequester carbon in the soil. Many practices used in organic agriculture (for example, incorporation of plant residues into the soil, use of green crops and crop rotation, the ability of vegetables and legumes to fix nitrogen in the soil), increase the return of carbon to the soil, increase productivity and promote carbon storage. Organic agriculture is a dynamic sector in Romania that has seen an upward evolution in recent years. Through the study carried out, we aimed to highlight the evolution of agriculture in an ecological system with the help of compensatory payments granted by the European Union, in the South - West Oltenia Region of Romania, in the period 2019 - 2021. It was found that the surface of 18,420 hectares in 2019 increased to 36,241 hectares in 2021, and until 2024 it is expected that the trend of the area cultivated in the ecological system also to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be a basic element of regional sustainable development (SD), but this aspect is conditioned by the authorities' support. Even if, at present, social responsibility isn't well known and implemented in Romania, through a good cooperation between the public sector, the private one and the authorities, it is possible to increase the standard of living of the local population, especially for the inhabitants of rural environment. In order to assess the level of knowledge and applicability of CSR campaigns, a 19-question questionnaire has been drawn up and distributed online and physically, in order to obtain as many responses as possible. By addressing the questionnaire to a category with a good representativeness in the South-Muntenia Region, namely that of the managers of SMEs in the agricultural sector, it turned out that the interest in these subjects is low, in a first phase only 51 responses were obtained online, which means 7.29% from the requests. After the second stage, that of physical meetings, a total of 321 responses were received, i.e. 53.14%. As a result of the investigation, it can be concluded that the agricultural managers of the South-Muntenia Region don't have confidence in the success of social responsibility actions, as a result they don't want to allocate a part of their turnover to set this mechanism in motion, especially since about 20% of those interviewed aren't interested in the sustainable development of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to highlight the importance of funding through the M19 LEADER measure on eligible territories from a qualitative perspective through the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods: questionnaire and interview, designed to confirm or deny the importance of LEADER funding on rural development of the LAG territory at the level of the Romanian regions. The analysis was realised in period between 31.10.2020 - 31.05.2021. The data collected come in support of a deeper understanding of the LEADER approach and the way in which it acts in the territory, implicitly of the identification and remedy of deficiencies. Following the analysis, based on a series of questions sent to the representatives of the local action groups, questions related to territorial, financial and social issues were found that: over 70% of LAGs face an aging population and lack of jobs work, over 70% of the eligible territories being inhabited by the population aged between 40 and 50, territories where agriculture is the main income-generating resource (100% of respondents). All respondents consider that LEADER financing is very important but also insufficient for the needs of the territory (over 85% of respondents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat consumption in Romania is increasing, but domestic production is stagnant. Although animal husbandry is a basic branch of the Romanian economy, its share in agricultural production has had a downward trend in recent years. This important component of agriculture has a high potential for development, which is supported by a number of factors, including access to raw materials, the upward trend in domestic meat consumption, the record level of trade in meat, the prospect of further European economic convergence, and the consequences of the pandemic-induced shock. Domestic meat consumption has shown an upward trend in recent years, supported by an increase in household income. Meat production in Romania is below meat consumption, in the analyzed period 2015 - 2019, so it cannot ensure the necessary consumption of meat from its own production. In 2015, the production of meat per capita has a value of 54.75 kg, and the value of meat consumption per capita is 66.02 kg. In 2019, the production of meat per capita has the lowest value, of 54.72 kg, the consumption of meat per capita has the highest value of this analyzed period, of 69.85 kg. Meat consumption has been steadily rising, but Romania's GDP, urbanization and the FAO Food Price Index have had very little influence on it. In terms of meat consumption in the European Union, it is found that Belgium has the lowest value of 54.71 kg/capita (it is the fourth largest meat producer in the EU with 158.94 kg / capita), and the highest meat consumption is in Spain with 98.79 kg / capita, and Romania is ranked twenty-fourth. Meat production / capita in the European Union has the highest value in Denmark with 326.14 kg/capita and the lowest value is in Malta with 27.32 kg/capita, Romania ranks seventeenth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpeas are a culture that is part of the Leguminous family, with multiple uses in human nutrition, as an industrial raw material, in animal feed (not used as green fodder) as well as from agro-technical point of view (good for other cultures due to biological peculiarities). As advantages of culture, it is noted the uniform baking and the existence of the indehiscent pods. The culture presents a productive potential for Romania, between 1,000 and 1,500 kg/ha, under the conditions of use, in production, of local populations and varieties. The study relates to the possibilities of enlargement in the culture of the chickweed as a result of climate change, as the plant is not a demanding one for water consumption, and presents a relatively affordable technology for farmers. In this context, are noted areas cultivated (694.59 ha - average level for the analyzed period), total productions (720.37 t) and average productions (about 1,010 kg/ha), specific to Romania, as well as the quantities of imported product (561.15 t) and Exported (50.56 t) by our country for the time interval 1992-2018. The analyzed timeframe captures both political, economic and social changes, as well as changes under the main climatic parameters, with a rather significant impact on the productive activity of the vegetal sector. Our country is not an important player on the market of this product at European and world level, but the existing conditions may lead to a reduction in the external trade balance, and the proper use of the specific national potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the local action groups in terms of the impact of funding obtained through measure 19 LEADER of the National Rural Development Program. Has it benefits or not? How relevant are the indicators achieved and their contribution to the economic and social development of the LAG territory. Also, the progress made by the local action group in the period between the approval of LDS by MARD and 31.01.2021, the degree of fulfillment of the assumed obligations as well as direct or indirect connections between financing are subject to analysis received through measure 19 LEADER, the indicators achieved and the degree of rural development of the area. Regarding the evaluation of the local action groups, the additional bonus stage, the one that analyzes their activity in the period between the LDS approval, respectively the year 2016 and 31.01.2021 (with reference to the programming period 2014-2020) finances the structures with over 21 million euro, financial allocations from other NDRP sources. In view of this additional funding, over 60% of public-private partnerships attracted additional funds, resulting in over 3,400 jobs, which is a positive premise for the rural development of the LAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of knowing the financial indicators of companies in the field of meat processing, is to know their evolution and compare them with those of previous financial years, which gives the company management the opportunity to make economic and financial analysis that will have an impact on decision making. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these indicators from the annual financial statements from the period before accessing the non-reimbursable funds, but also from the monitoring period of these companies. At MATRA SRL the net asset had a constant increase in this analysis period, in 2015 it had the value of RON 9,453,864 and in 2019 it reaches the highest value of RON 11,810,270. At TELDOTRANS SRL the net asset had an increase throughout the analysis period, in 2015 it had the lowest value of 709,135 RON and had a constant increase until 2018, where it reached the value of 2,407,842 RON, after this year the value of this index increased considerably, reaching in 2019 the highest value of RON 6,303,358. At AVICARVIL SRL the net asset had a considerable increase in this analysis period, in 2015 it had the value of 58,319,684 RON, in 2016 it had the value of 61,953,476 RON, and in 2019 it reached the highest value of 86,630,011 RON, which highlights that the financial situation at the enterprise level is very good, being the consequence of reinvesting part of the net profit, but also due to accessing non-reimbursable funds in 2016 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to draw attention to the way in which the main instrument of the innovative LEADER approach in the territory, the Local Action Group, is set up, functions and is evaluated. Also, an analysis of their evolution is presented, as from the beginning, the analysis wishing to highlight, with predilection, information on the situation of local action groups in Romania, in the two programming periods, focusing on the South West Oltenia region. The data presented reveal the degree of absorption of the funds allocated to the local action groups, at national and regional level, taking into account a certain reference period. It will highlight the way in which local action groups are penalized or rewarded and the connection between developed or less developed areas and the absorption of funds, by correlating certain relevant factors: rewarded and penalized local action groups and the relative poverty rate. At national level, there are 18 rewarded local action groups, respectively 18 penalized local action groups, the value of the penalties being equal to the value of the bonuses, 2,522,162.40 euros. In the South West Oltenia region, 1 local action group was penalized, 4 local action groups were rewarded, the surplus attracted in the region being of 481,786.05 euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the evolution of the LEADER approach from the pilot project stage to the present. The article aims to the stages of the LEADER approach and their particularities from the timid beginnings of LEADER in Europe and emphasize the relevant aspects of this innovative approach: principles, eligible territory, added value. LEADER has emerged as a necessity of rural development policies regarding the objective of their interventions, interventions aimed at revitalizing rural areas and creating jobs. It follows the evolution of the relevant indicators of the LEADER approach in Europe and in Romania such: covered territorial area, allocated amounts. Also, some data are presented to highlight the LEADER financial allocation compared to the rest of the EAFRD budget allocated to that country. For the first stage LEADER the financial allocation was 442 million euros distributed to a number of 217 local action groups, the success of LEADER being proved over time by the increasing financial allocation, the covered area and the number of local action groups, respectively: 9,400 million euros and 2,784 LAGs in Europe in 2014 - 2020. In Romania, there are 239 LAGs that have financial allocation of 563.50 million euros and an eligible territory of 228,754 km². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the National Rural Development Program (NRDP), applicants have the opportunity to create or develop a business, with public support of up to 100% of the project value, depending on the type of investment and beneficiary. The projects submitted online on the Agency for Financing Rural Investments (AFRI) website will be selected based on the "Regulation on the organization and functioning (ROF) of the process of selection and verification of appeals for projects related to the measures of the National Rural Development Program (NRDP) 2014-2020. The application for funding will be declared eligible without funding, ineligible or withdrawn by the beneficiary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of submitted and unfunded projects through submeasure 4.2 of NRDP 2014-2020, in the analysis period 2015-2019, in the field of meat processing. An analysis will be made from the point of view of the number of unfunded projects, their eligible value and their public value, and in order to have an overview, the connection between the consulting companies and the number of unfunded projects in this field will be obvious. In the period 2015-2019, 96 projects in the field of meat processing were submitted and unfunded, in which 73 were eligible without funding, 15 ineligible and 8 withdrawn projects, with a total eligible value of 76,060,938 euros (public value 40,558,548). From the correlations between the number of consulting firms and the number of unfunded projects, it results that the projects were submitted randomly, independently of the consulting firms from each county of the respective regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To implement the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the Member States, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) was created by the European Union. The EAFRD finances the National Rural Development Program (PNDR), which in order to reach the priority objectives of Romania decides the financing lines. The National Program for Rural Development deals with the provision of non-reimbursable funds from the Government of Romania and the European Union for the development of rural areas in Romania. The increase and modernization of the meat processing capacities through the use of the funds offered by NRDP have as an objective the increase of the added value of the agricultural products of animal origin (meat processing). Sub-measure 4.2 ("Support for investment in the processing / marketing and / or development of agricultural products") is concerned with the modernization and creation of processing units and the introduction of new technologies in this field. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of investments in meat processing units in the North-West Development Region of Romania, between 2015-2018, where 9 projects were financed (eligible value of 24,413,529 euros), representing 22% of the total, of 42 projects financed at national level (eligible value of 98,084,071 euros), by sub-measure 4.2, of the National Rural Development Program 2014-2020. From the correlation of the amounts invested (eligible value) from the counties of this area with the value of the total agricultural production (the live weight of the animals destined for slaughter), it follows that the projects were done randomly, independently of the animal agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the information presented, the study aims to highlight the trends of imports and exports of Romania, in the case of oilseeds (sunflower, rapeseed, oilseed, mustard, soybean and other oilseeds) for the period 2014-2016. As a result, it is based on the use of statistical information provided by international databases, recognized worldwide as FAO. The total national value of exports (average period) was 1062432 thousand $, of which each product contributed with: 1,195.66 thousand dollars flax for oil; 4,002.67 thousand $ mustard; 4852 thousand other oily seeds; 40,311 thousand soybeans; 463,659.67 thousand $ rapeseed; 548,411 thousand $ sunflower. The import, reached a value of 269,456.33 thousand $ (average 2014-2016), which is based on variable contributions of: 751.67 thousand $ flax for oil; 2,400.66 thousand $ mustard; 26,885 thousand other oily seeds; 34,877 thousand $ rapeseed; 62,289.67 thousand soybeans; 142,222.33 thousand $ sunflower. At the average level of the period, an excess trade balance is found (+ 792,975.67 thousand $). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat processing is an important sector of the food industry, which has a special impact on increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, but also on ensuring the food security of Romania. The tradition of raising animals and the processing of agri-food raw materials can ensure the need for raw materials, satisfying the internal consumption, but also making income for the meat processing company in Romania. The meat market, at national level, is in deficit, being dependent on meat imports, while on the export live animals are valued, with a low added value. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the current situation in the meat processing sector in terms of production, consumption per capita and meat imports and exports, comparing with the number of meat processing units. The study highlights the decrease in domestic meat production of poultry, pigs and cattle, except for the production of sheep and goats that is increasing, between 2015 and 2017, where in beef production decreased by 18.99%, pork production decreased by 3.85%, poultry meat production decreased by 4.58%, and in sheep and goat meat production increased by 5.86%. Imports of meat from the analyzed species are increasing, also the consumption of meat per capita is increasing, but also the companies in the field of meat processing are increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Rural Development Program is a program coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, in consultation with representatives of bodies, organizations and social partners active in this field and approved following consultations with the European Commission, which provides European non-reimbursable funds for investments private and public projects that ensure the development of rural areas in Romania. Submeasure 4.1a of NRDP 2014-2012 - Investments in fruit holdings - the purpose of the investments supported under this sub-measure is to increase the competitiveness of the fruit farms by endowing with equipment and equipment, setting up, modernizing and / or expanding the processing units, setting up fruit plantations, existing plantings and the growth of areas occupied by fruit nurseries. The main purpose of this paper is an analysis of the investments with European funds regarding the development of the fruit sector in the South-West Oltenia Region in the period 2015-2017. We propose, in this paper, to follow the funded projects of the fruit holdings through sub-measure 4.1 a, in of the South-West Oltenia Region, which have an eligible value of 20,138,023 euros, and the public value is 17,027,919 euros, with 34 projects, in relation to nationally funded projects with an eligible value of 289,236,406 euros and a public value of 233,371,337 euros and a number of 461 projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mehedinţi County is part of the South-west Oltenia region, through its area (total, agricultural and arable – 493,289, 223,344 and 187,957 ha) representing the fifth component under the total surface and third for the agricultural area and the respective arable. The existence of a fairly vast palette of cereal crops is observed: wheat and rye, barley and two row barley, oats, corn grains, sorghum and "other cereals". Within the total area of 108,461.33 ha, maize grains, wheat and rye (weights of 50.63 and 40.37%) predominating, the rest of the crops holding weights below 5%. The county obtains a total production of 429,879.67 t, to which the largest contributions have been brought, maize grains (53.73%-higher than the surface), wheat and rye (39.61%-less weight than in the case of the surface), the rest of the crops having contributions below 4%. In relation to average production, a general level of 3,963 kg/ha is found, compared to which only maize is recorded in excess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the paper, an attempt is made to present an image regarding the evolution of the oil seed supply, in the Olt County, for the period 2015-2017. The processed information was extracted from a recognized database (www.insse.ro), highlighting the trends of establishment and evolution of the county's availability of seeds from species such as sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans etc. Olt County occupy the second place in the south-west Oltenia region. The cultivated area was 78,902.67 ha, the total production reached a level of 165,313.33 t, while the average production is characterized by a general level of 2,095 kg/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Rural Development Program is a program coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, in consultation with representatives of bodies, organizations and social partners active in this field and approved following consultations with the European Commission, which provides European non-reimbursable funds for investments private and public projects that ensure the development of rural areas in Romania. Sub-measure 4.2. - "Support for investment in the processing / marketing and / or development of agricultural products", falls within measure 4 - Investments in physical assets. It is necessary to concentrate support for investments in modern production spaces and technologies, the development of new products, the application of innovative practices and technologies in the meat industry The main purpose of this paper is an analysis of the investments with European funds regarding the development of meat processing in the Region of the Development Center of Romania in the period 2015-2017. In this paper, we propose to follow the influence of support under submeasure 4.2 on the dynamics of investments in meat processing, at the level of the Centre Region, which have an eligible value of 14,837,922 euros, and the public value is 6,482,196 euros, in relation to nationally funded projects with an eligible value of 70,435,100 euros and a public value of 32,501,225 euros and a number of 30 projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the content, the paper aims to highlight Romania's main export-import items from the cereal group for the period 2014-2016. In this respect, the situation for wheat, rice, barley, oats, maize, rye and sorghum is presented, both in terms of exports and imports. The value of foreign trade (thousands USD - FOB for export, thousands USD - CIF for import) is presented both structurally and in terms of the evolution over time, based on the consideration that Romania is an important cereal producer, at least, at regional level. The dynamic series is also completed by presenting the average of the period. The export activity predominates compared to imports (2,390,399.33 versus 546,557.33 thousand $), which leads to the recording of a surplus trade balance for the Romanian external trade with cereals. This situation is present for most of the products marketed, except for rice and rye, for which the trade balance is deficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study seeks to establish an anchoring, in time, of the Romanian primary wheat supply, having regard to the importance of the respective product for the Romanian agricultural economy (the second crop plant at national level based on cultivated areas and total yields). In the same context, the importance of wheat crop can be revealed through the role that this product can play as an export item - especially in years characterized by considerable levels of yields. In the period 2014-2016, the levels of the cultivated area and the total production (2,119,062.67 ha and 7,992,788.67 t) are highlighted, but also the less appropriate performance in terms of average production (3,771 kg/ha). It is worth mentioning that certain aspects that influence the preforms of the respective culture need to be improved: the stronger atomicity of producers, the financing measures (non-reimbursable EU funds not accessible to the large mass of producers), the adequate upgrading of capital items mechanical capital and the upgrading of storage and preservation areas), the protection of certain categories of producers from the sensitive aspects of the market (for example, the evolution of the marketing prices). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European funds are financial instruments created by the European Union, for member states, private and/or public sector, in order to develop certain areas, and to support countries to achieve certain standards of economic, social or cultural development. The grants are the financial aid which is granted without being returned, and target many activities and investments. The paper makes a practical analysis on the absorption of structural and cohesion funds in Oltenia county for the 2007-2013 time frame, their impact on the regional economy, as well as on the factors that have influenced the accession process. NRDP is a complex program drawn up by representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development following consultations with representatives of bodies, organizations and social partners working in this field, and approved after several rounds of negotiations by the European Commission. The measures are aimed at helping the development of agriculture in Romania. These measures cover all areas of activity in rural areas, except the acquisition of land and animals. 123 Measure "Increasing the added value of agricultural and forestry products" has as general objectives to increase the competitiveness of agrifood and forestry processing enterprises by improving the general performance of enterprises in the processing and marketing sector of agricultural and forestry products, through better use of human resources and other factors of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In certain breeds of pigs were identified the porcine stress syndrome (PSS) that determine the appearance of some carcasses inadequate for processing. Because PSS can be triggered by halothane, the gene responsible for the syndrome is often referred to as the "halothane gene" (Hal). The metabolic and physiological changes that occur in halothane positive pigs (homozygous recessive "nn") are produced by gene located in the Hal locus responsible for synthesis of the Ca2 + channel receptor in the sarcoplasmatic reticulum of skeletal muscle fiber, called Ryanodin receptor (RYR1). The Ryanodin receptor locus in pig populations is important not only for economic losses caused by homozygous recessive pigs, but also for the fact that this locus is linked to other quantitatively additive genes which determine muscle hypertrophy. The unconscious promotion of carrier and positive animals in the herd, due to the intention to produce a new generation characterized by muscle hypertrophy, led to the automatic increase of frequency of the mutant allele "n" in the pig population. PCR assay of porcine genetic background can help determine with great precision the frequency of specific alleles in the RYR1 locus, offering the specialists a possibility of reducing the recessive allele frequency through selection. Therefore, the present review underlines the necessity of implementing such testing programs in Romania in order to prevent the risk of dissemination of PSS in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]