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BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. METHODS: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200 mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90 mg for men and 75 mg for women).

New design techniques are required to improve the stability of vitamin C (VC), which is essential for human health but is sensitive to environmental factors, in the stomach and its release in the body. The purpose of this study is to develop and characterise a fibre interlaced liposome (FIL) as a vehicle for better delivery of VC, with fruit fibres providing surface protection against degradation, which was confirmed by various studies. The optimised formulation was evaluated for its structural and surface morphological properties through zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DSC analyses. In vitro release studies were also conducted, and FIL-VC displayed a sustained release of VC (19.31%) compared to the control (67.54%) during the period of 8 h. FIL-VC demonstrates better release in simulated intestinal fluids (95.34%) than in gastric fluids (21.15%), indicating better stability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, two-way crossover clinical study, FIL-VC showed 5.77-fold higher relative oral bioavailability in comparison with the unformulated VC. The AUC0−t for VC in FIL-VC (23.80 μg mL−1) was found to be significantly higher compared to unformulated VC (4.13 μg mL−1) after the oral administration of a single dose. These data show that FIL formulation resulted in a sustained release of VC with increased bioavailability, which could be beneficial for extended-release applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) completely changed the paradigm of enzyme-based oxyfunctionalization reactions, as these enzymes can transform a wide variety of substrates with a relatively simple reaction mechanism. The fact that UPO can exert both peroxygenative and peroxidative activity in either aromatic or aliphatic carbons, represents a great potential in the production of high value-added products from natural antioxidants. In this work, the flavonoid rutin has been considered as possible substrate for UPO from Agrocybe aegerita , and its peroxygenation or its peroxidation and successive oligomerization have been studied. Different experiments were performed in order to reduce the range of process variables involved and gaining insight on the behavior of this enzyme, leading to a multivariable optimization of UPO-based rutin modification. While trying to preserve enzyme activity this optimization aimed for maximizing the production of more soluble antioxidants. Reusability of the enzyme was evaluated recovering UPO using an enzymatic membrane reactor, revealing challenges in enzyme stability due to inactivation during the filtration stages. The influence of the radical scavenger ascorbic acid on product formation was investigated, revealing its role in directing the reaction towards hydroxylated rutin derivatives, hence indicating a shift towards more soluble and bioactive products. [Display omitted] • UPO transforms rutin to more soluble products with enhanced antioxidant activity. • H 2 O 2 feeding rate, initial enzymatic activity and reaction time were optimized. • Peroxygenative and peroxidative activities are crucial to increase both bioactivity and solubility. • A poor stability of the enzyme limits its reuse in successive cycles. • Ascorbic acid concentration allows modulation of the characteristics of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of artificial enzyme, a nanozyme is an ideal substitute for natural enzymes and has been successfully applied in many fields. However, in the application of biomolecular detection, most nanozymes have the disadvantages of long reaction times or high detection limits, prompting researchers to search for new efficient nanozymes. In this work, the enzyme-like activities of three polyoxometalate-based iron-organic complexes ([Fe(bpp)2](Mo6O19), [Fe(bpp)2]2(Mo8O26)·2CH3OH, and [Fe(bpp)2]4H[Na(Mo8O26)]3), namely, FeMo6, Fe2Mo8, and Fe4Mo8Na, were analyzed. All three polyoxometalate-based iron-organic complexes were found to be capable of catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine and o-phenylenediamine, resulting in visible color changes, further exhibiting peroxidase-like activity. Results showed that Fe4Mo8Na had more active sites due to its long chain structure, endowing more prominent peroxidase-like activity compared with Fe2Mo8 and FeMo6. A colorimetric sensing platform for H2O2 and ascorbic acid detection based on Fe4Mo8Na was established. The linear response range for H2O2 detection was 0.5–100 μM, and the detection limit was 0.143 μM. The linear response for ascorbic acid detection ranges from 0 to 750 μM with a detection limit of 1.07 μM. This study provides a new perspective for developing new nanozymes and expanding the sensing and detection application of nanozymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although traditional Fe-based nanozymes have shown great potential, generally only a small proportion of the Fe atoms on the catalyst's surface are used. Herein, we synthesized single-atom Fe on N-doped graphene nanosheets (Fe-CNG) with high atom utilization efficiency and a unique coordination structure. Active oxygen species including superoxide radicals (O2•−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were efficiently generated from the interaction of the Fe-CNG with dissolved oxygen in acidic conditions. The Fe-CNG nanozymes were found to display enhanced oxidase-like and laccase-like activity, with Vmax of 2.07 × 10−7 M∙S−1 and 4.54 × 10−8 M∙S−1 and Km of 0.324 mM and 0.082 mM, respectively, which is mainly due to Fe active centers coordinating with O and N atoms simultaneously. The oxidase-like performance of the Fe-CNG can be effectively inhibited by ascorbic acid (AA) or hydroquinone (HQ), which can directly obstruct the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Therefore, a direct and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of AA and HQ activity was established, which exhibited good linear detection and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.048 μM and 0.025 μM, respectively. Moreover, a colorimetric method based on the Fe-CNG catalyst was fabricated for detecting the concentration of AA in vitamin C. Therefore, this work offers a new method for preparing a single-atom catalyst (SAC) nanozyme and a promising strategy for detecting AA and HQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into valuable fuels is considered a promising approach for the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources. In this study, we utilized Mo-MOF as a precursor to obtain MoO 3 by pyrolytic derivatization and treated it to obtain MOF-MoO 3-x containing oxygen vacancies as a catalyst for the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO. MOF derivatization altered the morphology of the MoO 3 , which made the formation of oxygen vacancies easier and facilitated the separation of electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the increased specific surface area and the appearance of surface oxygen vacancies enhanced the CO 2 adsorption and activation capabilities of MOF-MoO 3-x. As a result, MOF-MoO 3-x demonstrated a significant enhances in the photoreduction activity of CO 2. Its CO yield was 29.1 μmolg−1h−1, which was 3.7 times higher than that of MOF-MoO 3 and 2.4 times higher than that of H-MoO 3-x. This innovative strategy may provide a new avenue for improving the comprehensive performance of photocatalysts and developing renewable energy sources. MOF-MoO 3-x photocatalytic material derived from Mo-MOF precursor and prepared by ascorbic acid reduction. Compared to the H-MoO 3-x obtained by hydrothermal method, the MOF structure promoted the formation of oxygen defects, the yield of CO reduction by MOF-MoO 3-x had been significantly improved. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-harvest losses cause significant product losses in the world, which leads to food waste. Therefore, it is of great importance for people to have access to sufficient amounts of products by increasing the storage period of fruits with applications such as post-harvest calcium chloride (CaCl2). In this study, the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on physical quality parameters and bioactive contents of stored strawberry fruit (Albion cv.) was investigated. Accordingly, strawberries were treated with 2%, 4% and 6% CaCl2 before storage and stored for 15 days (0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH). Analyses and measurements were conducted every 5 days during the storage period.Weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, pH, respiration rate, organic acids (malic, citric, ascorbic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic and tartaric) and phenolic compounds (catechin, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, quercetin, rutin and syringic) were analyzed as quality parameters during storage. Results: In the study, in general, the best values were observed in 6% CaCl2-treated fruits in terms of weight loss, SSC, TA, decay and respiration rates, although they varied according to different storage periods. Similarly, in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C, 6% CaCl2-treated fruits had significantly better prevention of quality losses. In addition, the most common phenolic compound of strawberry fruits was gallic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid and catechin, respectively. On the other hand, the predominant organic acid observed in the fruits was malic acid, followed by citric acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that CaCl2 applications more effectively prevented weight loss and decay rate by reducing the respiration rate compared to the control group at the end of the storage period (15th day). It was concluded that, particularly, the 6% CaCl2 dose can be used as an important treatment to extend storage life by preserving fruit quality and biochemical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the appropriate dosage of nano zinc oxide for tomato and capsicum plants is crucial since higher concentration may negatively impact crop productivity and quality. Maintaining soil health helps in increasing crop output and quality without degrading the soil from overfertilization. The main objective of the study was to determine the physiological responses of both crops and ideal dose of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) for yield maximization and quality enhancement under controlled conditions. In present study, nano ZnO had noticeable effect on the fruit and quality parameters of both Solanaceous crops. Plants were treated with seed treatment and foliar applications of nano ZnO @ 50, 100, and 150 parts per million (ppm) along with 100% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) through vermicompost; and 100% RDN through integration of vermicompost and fertilizers. In addition, nano zinc oxide was not supplied to the control treatment plants (T1). The results of the study revealed that 50 ppm of nano ZnO as foliar spray increased fruit and quality parameters in tomato and capsicum. In case of protein content, treatment comprised of 50 ppm of nano ZnO as seed treatment + 100% RDN through vermicompost and fertilizers, produced higher protein content over control. Furthermore, the application of nano ZnO lowered ascorbic acid levels in tomato and capsicum, while the control had the greatest levels. These results suggested that lower concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (50 ppm) is an ideal dosage and could be used in tomato and capsicum cultivation to improve yield and quality indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the use of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become increasingly common, leading to severe environmental pollution and harm to aquatic organisms. 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a synthetic androgen that can cause immunotoxicity in aquaculture, affecting fish health. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (VC) on MT-induced immunotoxicity and determine the optimal VC supplementation. Results: Carassius auratus was exposed to 50 ng/L MT and treated with 25, 50, and 150 mg/kg VC for 7, 14, and 21 d. Morphological indicators, histological characteristics, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression were analyzed. Additionally, RNA-seq was performed on the liver tissues of the control, MT, and MT + 25 mg/kg VC groups after 21 d. Results showed that, MT treatment significantly increased liver malondialdehyde content and inhibited immune-related gene expression (TNF-α, IL-8, INF-γ, IL-10, Caspase-9, and IGF-I), causing oxidative stress and immunotoxicity, leading to hepatic steatosis. However, supplementation with 25–50 mg/kg VC effectively alleviated the MT-induced damage to the hepatic structure and immune system. RNA-seq revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in multiple signaling pathways, including the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt pathways. Conclusions: In summary, 25–50 mg/kg VC alleviated inhibitory effect of MT on immune-related genes in C. auratus liver, reducing MT-induced tissue damage. VC not only alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity induced by MT through the regulation of the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, but also indirectly enhanced cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms by regulating the NRF2 pathway. This provides a theoretical basis for VC application in aquaculture, improving fish health and increasing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, composite biscuits were produced by combining wheat flour (WF) with different proportions of malted pearl millet (MPM) flour (8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) and orange peel (OP) flour (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%), using 100% WF as a control. The investigation covered the functional properties, viscosity, and thermal properties of the flours, along with the proximate composition, antioxidant, physical properties, color attributes, and microbial quality of the composite biscuits. As MPM and OP flour (OPF) contents increased, water absorption capacity, dispersibility, and foaming power increased, while the viscosities of both hot and cold pastes decreased. The thermal properties of the composite flours, including onset, peak, and final temperatures (ranging between 74.19°C and 100.76°C), showed an upward trend with increasing proportions of MPM and orange peel flour (OPF). There was an increase in moisture content (3.43%–4.93%), ash (4.50%–5.59%), crude protein (11.70%–13.41%), and crude fiber (11.44%–16.24%) of biscuits with the incorporation of MPM and OPF. Similarly, the diameter (4.12–4.60 mm), thickness (9.00–10.00 mm), and hardness (7.53–8.75 N) of the biscuits were increased. Antioxidant properties were evident, with an increased total phenolic content (1.40–3.56 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (2.91–6.79 mg QUE/100 g), vitamin C (0.79–1.01 mg/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.78–8.64 mg GAE/g). Conversely, color attributes—L* (31.90), a* (10.82), b* (19.59), hue angle (30.42), and chroma (53.66)—were found to decrease with higher levels of MPM and OPF. Microbial quality showed decreased total counts, coliforms, yeasts, and mold in biscuits containing MPM and OPF. Overall, the inclusion of MPM and OPF enhanced the nutritional quality of the biscuits and could reduce reliance on imported wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the anthocyanins of red radishes (ARR) rich in polyacylated pelargonidin glucosides are used as commercial food pigment, they are unstable. We found that the anthocyanin purity of the crude ARR extract can be rapidly increased by 5 times using D101 macroporous resin (mass ratio of extract:resin = 1:2.2). Capsule constructed by chitosan (CTS), pectin (PT) and yeast glucan particles (YGP) presented a high efficiency to encapsulate ARR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis verified that polyacylated pelargonidin glucosides in ARR were packed into the capsule. Microstructure observation and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy further confirmed the encapsulated structure. Co-encapsulation of CTS, PT and YGP showed effective protection for ARR against heat, oxygen, ascorbic acid, and physiological pH. This encapsulation also significantly improved the gastric and intestinal bioaccessibilities of ARR. These results suggested that the triplex-coated YGPs might be a promising strategy to protect and deliver polyacylated anthocyanin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cochlear hair cell senescence is one of the major causes of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and is significantly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Research shows that vitamin C (VC) can inhibit ROS accumulation; however, its association with cochlear hair cell senescence remains elusive. Methods and results: Firstly, a cellular senescence model was established using D-galactose (D-gal) induced HEI-OC1 cells for 24 h. Senescent HEI-OC1 cells were then continued to be treated with the addition of VC or ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine; NAC) for another 24 h, and explored the impact of VC on senescent cochlear hair cell and the potential regulatory mechanisms. The results indicated that D-gal-induced senescent HEI-OC1 cells, manifested as decreased cell viability, increased β-galactosidase activity and p21 protein level, and ROS and pro-inflammatory factors were upregulated, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation was enhanced. However, the use of VC or NAC can significantly ameliorate these effects and improve HEI-OC1 cell senescence. Conclusions: This research indicates that VC can ameliorate D-gal-induced senescence of HEI-OC1 cochlear hair cells, and its protective effect may be related to the inhibition of the ROS/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new research direction for the prevention and treatment of ARHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated cotton usually needs to be scoured to remove hydrophobic pectin and wax for the demands of subsequent processing such as dyeing and finishing. Pectinase can degrade pectin on cotton fibers, but the catalytic efficiency is not particularly high. This study developed a new scouring method for cotton fabrics by pectin hydrolase combined with an ascorbic acid (VC)/H2O2 Fenton-like system. The GPC results showed that water-soluble pectin (1969.2 kDa) could be degraded into 10.6 kDa within 30 min through pectinase with VC/H2O2. The FTIR results suggested that VC/H2O2 breaks the ester bonds on water-soluble pectin. The results of XPS demonstrated that the α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of pectin could be degraded more effectively through VC/H2O2 oxidation and pectinase hydrolysis. The fabrics scoured with VC/H2O2–pectinase exhibited a reduction in wetting time (from > 200 to 8.04 s) and an increase in vertical wicking height (from 0.1 to 6.70 cm) in comparison to the fabrics treated with pectinase. The pilot-scale machine experiments yielded satisfactory performance with VC/H2O2–pectinase scoured fabrics, suggesting that VC/H2O2–pectinase scouring has potential for practical application. The cotton fabric scouring by VC/H2O2–pectinase is a simple and efficient method with the advantages of mild treatment conditions, less damage to cotton fabrics and environmental friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in guarding against osteoporosis in adults is still debated. This research employs both a cross-sectional study and a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore how serum vitamin C levels correlate with the incidence of osteoporosis among adults. Methods: In this study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2003–2006, and 2017–2018 to conduct both a cross-sectional analysis and MR to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and the risk of osteoporosis in adults. We adjusted our analyses for essential demographic and lifestyle variables, and applied logistic regression techniques. Genetic determinants of vitamin C levels were analyzed through MR, using methods like inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger to assess causality. Statistical computations were carried out in R, incorporating visual tools such as restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) and forest plots to clarify the dose–response dynamics and variations across different subgroups. This study was approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: In our investigation, we analyzed data from 3,940 participants, among whom 291 were diagnosed with osteoporosis. The logistic regression analysis of serum vitamin C quartiles did not indicate a significant trend. The most adjusted model showed a slight, albeit inconsistent, protective effect in the highest quartile (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.99, P = 0.22). Mendelian randomization, employing methods such as IVW, reinforced the absence of a significant causal relationship between serum vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk (IVW OR = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.999–1.001, P = 0.601).Subgroup analyses, visualized through forest plots and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, supported the primary findings, showing no significant effects or interactions between vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk across different demographic and lifestyle subgroups. The RCS analysis particularly highlighted a lack of significant non-linear relationships between serum vitamin C concentration and the odds of osteoporosis (P for nonlinear = 0.840). Conclusions: The cross-sectional study revealed that higher serum vitamin C levels do not consistently correlate with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, the Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed that there is no genetic evidence to suggest a causal relationship between vitamin C levels and osteoporosis risk. Recent research highlights the polygenic nature of osteoporosis, with genetic predispositions playing a significant role in disease risk. The relationship between serum vitamin C and osteoporosis requires further research. This suggests the need for further investigation into the connection between vitamin C and bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionThe association between vitamin C status and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mortality remains unclear.A total of 4864 adults aged 60 years or above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988–1994 were included in this study. Serum vitamin C levels were measured by the fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Death and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to death records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum vitamin C and AD mortality.During 65,251 person-years of follow-up (a median follow-up of 12.0 years), 158 deaths occurred from AD. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and dietary factors, body mass index, baseline diseases and vitamin C supplement use, compared with participants with deficiency serum vitamin C concentrations (< 53 µmol/L), the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for AD mortality was 0.62 (0.39-0.99) for participants with adequate serum vitamin C concentrations (53-70 µmol/L) and 0.64 (0.34-1.18) for participants with saturate serum vitamin C concentrations (> 70 µmol/L).In this nationally representative sample of US adults, higher serum vitamin C was significantly associated with lower risk of AD mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin C status may aid in lowering AD mortality risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, 2-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (1) was synthesized in excellent yield through gewald reaction in multi components one pot reaction. Compound 1 was utilized as a building block to synthesize a new group of tetrahydro benzo[b] thiophene congeners. The chemical structure of all the novel tetrahydro benzo[b]thiophene derivatives were elucidated through the melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of all the newly synthesized heterocyclic derivatives was evaluated according to the phosphomolybdenum method using ascorbic acid as standard. The findings revealed that compounds 1, 16, and 17 demonstrated significant antioxidant potency comparable to that of ascorbic acid. This suggests the potential of these heterocycles as promising candidates for antioxidant drugs in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to study the binding affinity for the most potent antioxidant compounds 1, 16, 17 and ascorbic acid inside the interactions of compounds 1, 16, and 17 with the Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) protein (PDB: 7C5E), compared to the co-crystallized ligand triethylene glycol (PGE) and ascorbic acid as a reference drug for antioxidants. DFT calculations and global descriptors were calculated for the most potent compounds to correlate the relation between chemical structure and reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a multi-purpose, climate resilient, pulse crop with exceptionally high protein content that makes it a suitable alternative of soybean in livestock feed. Although white lupin grows well on marginal sandy soils, previous studies have reported its sensitivity towards salinity stress. This experiment aims to assess the influence of salinity stress and mitigating role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on performance of white lupin. Methodology: The white lupin plants were sown in pots maintained at three salinity levels (1, 3 and 4.5 dS m− 1) throughout the growing season and foliar sprayed with different PGRs, including ascorbic acid, potassium chloride, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and methionine at sowing, four weeks after emergence and at the initiation of flowering. Foliar spray of distilled water and salinity level of 1 dS m− 1 were maintained as control treatments. Data were recorded for seed germination indices, plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic efficiency variables. Results: The severe salinity stress (4.5 dS m− 1) reduced the germination indices by 9–50%, plant growth traits by 26–54%, root nodulation by 12–26%, grain development by 44–53%, antioxidant enzymes activity by 13–153% and photosynthetic attributes by 1–8% compared to control (1 dS m− 1). Different PGRs improved several morpho-physiological attributes in a varied manner. The application of potassium chloride improved seed vigour index by 53%, while ascorbic acid improved root nodulation by 12% and number of pods per cluster by 75% at the severe salinity level. The foliar application of PGRs also displayed a recovery of 140% in the activity of superoxide dismutase and 70% in catalase. The application of multi zinc displayed an improvement of 37% in plant relative chlorophyll, while ascorbic acid brought an increase of 25% in non-photochemical quenching and 21% in photochemical quenching coefficient at the severe salinity level. On contrary, the application of PGRs brought a relatively modest improvement (8–13%) in quantum yield of photosystem II at slight to moderate (3 dS m− 1) salinity stress. The correlation analysis confirmed a partial contribution of leaf area and seed vigour index to overall photosynthetic efficiency of white lupin. Conclusions: Clearly, salinity exerted a negative impact on white lupin through a decline in chlorophyll content, activity of antioxidant enzymes and efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus. However, PGRs, especially ascorbic acid and potassium chloride considerably improved white lupin growth and development by mitigating the negative effects of salinity stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNOVELTY STATEMENTA hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the variations in membrane permeabilities, chlorophyll contents, antioxidase activities, the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle, and the glyoxalase system in the leaves of Pontederia cordata with 0 ∼ 15.0 mg L−1 lead ion (Pb2+) exposure. The concentrations of Pb2+ accumulated in the plant roots, stems, and leaves were also evaluated. After 7 days of exposure, the plants maintained normal growth, and there was a significant increase in ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. With 5.0 mg L−1 Pb2+ exposure for 28 days, nearly 66.36% of Pb2+ accumulated in the roots, while excess Pb2+ immobilized in the leaves was not observed. Exposure to 10.0 and 15.0 mg L−1 Pb2+ for 28 days significantly increased Pb2+ contents in the leaves. This led to decrease in chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents, and to increase in the methylglyoxal content in the leaves. With 10 and 15 mg L−1 Pb2+ exposure, NPT and PCs contents in leaves increased. however, the glyoxalase system did not function well in the plant tolerant to Pb2+ at higher concentrations. The AsA-GSH cycle did not cooperate with the glyoxalase system in the plant defense against Pb2+ exposure in the present investigation.The role of the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle and the glyoxalase system separately has been reported in numerous studies. however, the synergistic role of both in plants’ defense against heavy metal exposure was discussed in our present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTCitrus peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antihypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticarcinogenic activities. Both extractable and nonextractable phenolics are present in significant amounts in Citrus peel with diverse bioactivities. While extractable phenolics can be recovered from the fruit peels by conventional extraction methods, nonextractable phenolics remaining in the residues must be released from the cell matrix first by hydrolysis with acid, alkali, or enzymes. Novel processing technologies can help in improvement of extraction efficiency. Extreme process or medium conditions degrade phenolics and their bioactivity where encapsulation can be applied to improve their stability, solubility, and bioactivity. Citrus peel powder including ascorbic acid and dietary fiber besides phenolics or extracts therefrom can be used as functional food ingredients to extend shelf life and provide health benefits. In addition, phenolic extracts can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in active food packaging applications. Phenolic extracts have also a potential to be used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, phenolic compounds in different forms in Citrus peels, their recovery, bioactivity and possible applications for upcycling in the industry are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Pomegranate is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it is important to maintain the overall quality and bioaccessibility of freshly squeezed pomegranate juices (PJS). The adverse effects of heat treatment on sensory properties and phytochemicals encourage the use of non‐thermal processes in the juice industry. Hereby, the effects of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) (50, 100, and 150 MPa) on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity of freshly‐squeezed PJS from different genotypes were investigated. Instrumental color values (L*, a*, and b*) of PJS generally decreased, while pH and aw values increased with HPH processing (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of PJS was not significantly affected by HPH processing (p > 0.05). Sarıcakaya‐1 had higher bioactive constituent content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH‐ARA, ABTS‐ARA, and FRAP) than other genotypes (p < 0.05). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of PJS were increased by HPH treatment, whereas total anthocyanin content (TAC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC) were decreased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, HPH treatment enhanced the release of phenolics and antioxidant capacity in PJS, while largely maintaining the presence of heat‐sensitive compounds. Regardless of genotype and HPH treatment, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion adversely affected TPC, TAC, AAC, and antioxidant capacity of all PJS. However, the 150 MPa HPH treatment of Saricakaya‐1 had the highest values for TPC bioaccessibility and recovered ABTS‐ARA after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (p < 0.05). Considering the overall data, 150 MPa HPH treatment can be recommended as an innovative approach to obtain minimally processed PJS to meet new trends in consumer demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy was proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). Cerium-doped tungsten trioxide (Ce-WO3) microrods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and further characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Thereafter, they were deposited onto a cleaned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass forming the working electrode as the photoactive material. Under strong visible light irradiation, the resulting PEC sensing platform generated the corresponding electron–hole pairs, converting light signals into electrical signals. Ascorbic acid served as a good electron donor to trap holes for improvement of photocurrent responses on Ce-WO3/FTO. Besides, the strength of photocurrent signals versus the logarithm of ascorbic acid concentration showed a good linearity over the ascorbic acid concentration range of 100–4000 nM and the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 28.6 nM. Importantly, this PEC sensor had a fast response, high sensitivity, and distinguished selectivity for detecting ascorbic acid. In addition, it also had the features of being simple to fabricate, low production cost, and portable, which made it a promising means of ascorbic acid determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of vitamin C uptake via SVCT2 for early skeletal muscle differentiation and fiber-type definition. However, our understanding of SVCT2 expression and function in adult skeletal muscles is still limited. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that SVCT2 exhibits an intracellular distribution in chicken slow skeletal muscles, following a highly organized striated pattern. A similar distribution was observed in human muscle samples, chicken cultured myotubes, and isolated mouse myofibers. Immunohistochemical analyses, combined with biochemical cell fractionation experiments, reveal a strong co-localization of SVCT2 with intracellular detergent-soluble membrane fractions at the central sarcomeric M-band, where it co-solubilizes with sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. Remarkably, electrical stimulation of cultured myofibers induces the redistribution of SVCT2 into a vesicular pattern. Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the dynamic roles of SVCT2 in different intracellular compartments in response to functional demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of dietary sources of antioxidants on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common eye disease affecting older populations. It highlights the importance of a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals to maintain eye health and prevent the progression of AMD. The text emphasizes the role of antioxidants in protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress, which can contribute to the development and progression of AMD. Recommendations include consuming foods rich in antioxidants like Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Crocetin, Norbixin, Zinc, Vitamin C, Omega-3 fatty acids, and Resveratrol to promote eye health and potentially slow the progression of AMD. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Endometriosis is a common cause of female reproductive problems, and vitamin intake may affect its incidence. Therefore, we further explored the association between multivitamin intake and endometriosis in a large population-based study. Methods: This study included 3351 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. The dietary intake of eight vitamins was calculated as the average of two 24-h recall interviews, and information on endometriosis was obtained through questionnaires that included gynecological history. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between multivitamin intake and endometriosis. Smoothed curve fitting analysis was employed to assess the dose–response relationship between vitamins and endometriosis. Finally, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to determine the association of covariates between vitamins and endometriosis. Results: In this large-scale cross-sectional study, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C and folate was negatively associated with the occurrence of endometriosis. The odds ratios associated with a per-SD increase were 0.836 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.997), 0.817 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.951), 0.860 (95%CI: 0.746, 0.991), 0.784 (95%CI: 0.669, 0.919), 0.845 (95%CI: 0.718, 0.994), and 0.772 (95%CI: 0.660, 0.903), respectively. Smoothed curve fitting analysis revealed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate was negatively associated with the risk of endometriosis (P < 0.05). Vitamin E showed a saturating effect, with an optimal cutoff point at 13.18. Below this cutoff, the intake of vitamin E was negatively correlated with the risk of endometriosis (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.989), whereas above the cutoff, there was no significant correlation between vitamin E intake and the risk of endometriosis (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 0.997, 1.005). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a significant linear negative correlation between the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate, and the risk of endometriosis, and reveal a threshold effect for vitamin E intake on the risk of endometriosis. These findings could inform clinical dietary interventions and may support the development of preventive strategies for endometriosis, potentially aiding in its reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most widely cultivated species globally is Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward'. However, in recent years, consumers have shown greater demand for new varieties with novel flesh colour, flavour and appearance in international markets. To meet these expectations, one breeding study was started in 2016 at the University of Guilan in Iran to develop new kiwifruit cultivars with superior characteristics. In this breeding program, 201 female and 534 male hybrid genotypes were obtained from combinations of six different parents using the controlled cross-breeding technique. The evaluations were carried out over three consecutive stages. In the first stage, 201 female hybrid genotypes and control ('Golden') were evaluated based on 25 phenological and pomological traits. In the second stage, hybrids passed the desired threshold values in 7 key attributes were selected. Sensory testing in the next stage evaluated these selected hybrid genotypes more. As a result of the first stage, 30 hybrid genotypes with fruit weight (90 ≥ g) were selected. Then, in the second stage, 21 hybrids that showed acceptable dry matter, hue angle, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, acidity, and ascorbic acid were selected. Finally, 13 hybrid genotypes received high scores in sensory testing, and just two hybrid genotypes represented a 100% of novelty with positive texture. These genotypes were selected as potential cultivar candidates. In future studies, fruit yield, disease/pest resistance, and post-harvest performance trials of the 13 selected candidates will be evaluated at different sites. Thus, the ones that give the best results will be introduced to kiwifruit growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a popular fruit with rich nutrients and a delicious taste. But this fruit is very vulnerable to diseases and decay. Therefore, L‐phenylalanine (Phe) (0, 4, 8 mM) was considered to improve biochemical characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes in strawberry fruit cv. Sabrina under cold storage (5, 10, 15 days). After treatment and storage, traits including weight loss, total phenol (TP), antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin (TA), total flavonoid (TF), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein content and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) were evaluated at 5‐day intervals. Our findings showed that the treatment of L‐phenylalanine in different concentrations prevented the weight loss of the fruit compared to the control and maintained and increased TP, antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, TA, TF, soluble protein and SOD, CAT, APX, POD, and PAL enzymes activity. Also, Phe decreased the MDA content and peroxidation of lipid. The results showed that 4 mM Phe is the best treatment for improving phytochemical characteristics and maintaining fruit quality. The findings indicated that Phe treatment may be useful to improve quality and increase postharvest shelf life in strawberry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ascorbic acid (AA) and cysteine (Cys) were used as homogeneous potassium persulfate (S2O82−) activators. The efficiency of the S2O82−/AA and S2O82−/Cys systems was investigated to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−•) for the oxidation of sulfathiazole (STZ). The presence of AA and Cys displayed a promoting effect on the activation of S2O82−. The results indicated that the STZ/S2O82− redox reaction followed pseudo‐first order kinetics with respect to STZ concentrations. The oxidative degradation of STZ is accelerated by temperature, dose of S2O82−, AA, Cys, and pH with S2O82−/AA and/or S2O82−/Cys systems. The degradation rates of STZ followed the order S2O82−/AA > S2O82−/Cys > S2O82− under similar experimental conditions. The presence of SO4−• and HO• were tested with two radical scavengers, tertiary butanol (TBA) and ethanol, in which HO• was mainly responsible for STZ degradation at higher pH. In summary, S2O82−/AA and S2O82−/Cys systems might provide a potentially useful technique for remediation of water contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION The present investigation aimed to enhance the postharvest shelf‐life of broccoli using vacuum impregnation (VI). Broccoli florets were impregnated with physiologically active chemicals, i.e. calcium chloride and ascorbic acid. Post‐impregnation broccoli florets were packed in three different packaging materials (poly(ethylene terephthalate) punnets, low‐density polyethylene pouches and shrink‐wrap film) and stored at two temperatures (5 and 25 °C). The effects of impregnation solutions, packaging materials and storage temperature on physicochemical attributes (weight loss, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total chlorophylls and carotenoid content), antioxidant and phenolic contents, and shelf life were studied. The changes in the chemical structure post‐impregnation and during storage were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results showed that impregnated broccoli florets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of biochemical attributes immediately after impregnation. During storage, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of broccoli florets declined for all the samples. However, the reduction in these properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in impregnated florets as compared to untreated control samples. Principal component analysis and FTIR results also indicated a clear difference in the impregnated and control samples. The shelf‐life of broccoli florets stored at 25 °C was assessed as 4 and 3 days for impregnated and control samples, respectively; whereas the samples stored at 5 °C had a shelf‐life of 12 days for impregnated samples and 5 days for the control samples. The findings of the study elucidate the potential of VI in enhancing the initial quality and shelf‐life of broccoli.The deterioration during storage is primarily due to physiological weight loss, a natural loss of water and volatile compounds that occur following harvest due to transpiration and respiration. Excessive transpiration can lead to dehydration, which reduces the quality and shelf‐life of the product. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress poses a substantial challenge to poultry production worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for effective management strategies. This study investigated the efficacy of probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and ascorbic acid as antistress agents using cloacal and body surface temperatures (CT and BST) as heat stress biomarkers in broiler chickens. A total of 56 broiler chicks were used for the experiment and were divided into four distinct groups: control, probiotics (1 g/kg of feed), ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg of feed) and the combination of probiotics and ascorbic acid (1 g/kg and 200 mg/kg of feed, respectively). The study lasted 35 days; measurements were taken for ambient temperature (AT), CT, and BST. The ambient temperature in the pens consistently exceeded the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) established for broiler chickens. The CT values for broiler chickens in the probiotic group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Additionally, the BST values in the probiotic and probiotic + ascorbic acid groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. The findings suggest that incorporating probiotics, with or without ascorbic acid, can effectively reduce CT and BST values in broiler chickens thereby, enhancing thermoregulation when compared to the control group. This implies that using probiotics in poultry diets may enhance health and growth performance, potentially leading to better feed efficiency and reduced reliance on antibiotics. Implementing these dietary strategies could improve the productivity and welfare of broiler chickens in commercial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis suffer from muscle cramps, a prevalent and burdensome symptom for which there is a paucity of efficient and safe treatments. Aim: What is the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of dialysis‐related muscle cramps? Design: A systematic review was conducted in OVID, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Central Cochrane databases up to August 25, 2023. Data Sources: Experimental studies reporting on a pharmacological intervention for the treatment of dialysis‐related muscle cramps were included. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis, and the studies quality was assessed with the RoB2 tool. Results: A total of 4660 studies were retrieved, and 13 articles were included. The studies reported on nine interventions: vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K2, vitamin B7, dextrose solutions, gabapentin, sodium chloride, creatine monohydrate, and L‐carnitine. The studies testing L‐carnitine and creatine monohydrate were the only ones deemed to have a low risk of bias. Side effects were reported in only two trials, consisting primarily of gastrointestinal discomfort and hyperglycemia. Vitamins C and E are the two most studied interventions that showed positive results in reducing the frequency, severity, and duration of dialysis‐related muscle cramps. L‐carnitine is a promising intervention that warrants further investigation. Conclusion: Our review consolidates the existing evidence, elucidating the range of treatments along with their potential benefits and limitations. Future studies should uphold high‐quality standards, incorporate patient‐reported outcomes, and utilize well‐defined, robust samples to improve patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effects of thermal pre-treatments such as convective drying (P-CD), water (BL_W), and microwave blanching (M_BL) and osmotic enrichment pre-treatments with juices from pomegranate (PG), chokeberry (CH), and sea buckthorn (SB) on microwave-vacuum-dried (MVD) carrot properties. Convective drying (CD) and freeze-drying (FD) were used as a comparative method. The dry matter content and water activity of MVD carrots were varied, but in many cases, the values were comparable to those of FD-dried carrots. Pre-enrichment in CH juice significantly reduced the values of the color parameters L*, a*, and b*, regardless of the drying method. The smallest changes were observed in microwave pre-blanching (M_BL). The lowest loss in carotenoid content was observed in CD-dried carrots (14–34 mg/100 g d.m.). Blanching and enrichment in SB juice allowed significant retention of these compounds. As a result of drying carrots, the total phenolic content (TPC) increased. Compared to the raw material, the TPC content in dried carrots increased 3–9 times. Drying using the FD and MVD methods gave a similar effect of increasing the TPC content, including a greater effect after enrichment in CH juice. The highest average antioxidant activity against the DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals was recorded for FD-dried carrots (6.9 and 30.0 mg Trolox/g d.m.). SB juice contributed to a significant increase in the total vitamin C content, even by 89.1%, compared to raw carrots. Applying osmotic pre-enrichment in PG juice increased the sugar content in dried FD and CD samples by 37.4–49.9%, and in MVD by 21–59%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth and productivity are continually being challenged by a diverse array of abiotic stresses, including: water scarcity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal exposure, and soil salinity. A common theme in these stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts cellular redox homeostasis causing oxidative damage. Ascorbic acid (AsA), commonly known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans, and also plays a crucial role in the plant kingdom. AsA is synthesized by plants through the d-mannose/l-galactose pathway that functions as a powerful antioxidant and protects plant cells from ROS generated during photosynthesis. AsA controls several key physiological processes, including: photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism, either by acting as a co-factor for metabolic enzymes or by regulating cellular redox-status. AsA's multi-functionality uniquely positions it to integrate and recalibrate redox-responsive transcriptional/metabolic circuits and essential biological processes, in accordance to developmental and environmental cues. In recognition of this, we present a systematic overview of current evidence highlighting AsA as a central metabolite-switch in plants. Further, a comprehensive overview of genetic manipulation of genes involved in AsA metabolism has been provided along with the bottlenecks and future research directions, that could serve as a framework for designing "stress-smart" crops in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GA-based coatings applied to 'African Delight™' plums in a commercial packhouse. • GA 10 % delayed softening, color changes, and acidity loss in plums during export. • Coated plums retained microbial safety and extended shelf life with less ripe profiles. • The study supports GA coatings as a sustainable alternative to HDPE bags. This research evaluated the commercial viability of using different concentrations of gum Arabic (GA) based edible coatings on 'African Delight™' plums in a commercial packhouse environment. The coatings tested were GA 2 %, GA 5 %, GA 10 %, GA 5 % with pomegranate seed oil, and GA 5 % with ascorbic acid. The postharvest quality was tracked during a simulated export scenario, including six weeks of cold storage at −0.5 ± 2 °C and 90 ± 5 % RH, followed by a 15-day shelf life at 20 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 5 % RH. GA 10 % was the most effective among the formulations, significantly (p < 0.05) delaying physicochemical changes such as fruit softening, acidity reduction, and peel colour darkening. Sensory analysis showed that plums coated with GA 10 % retained unripe to semi-ripe characteristics at 5 days of shelf life, while control plums were classified as ripe to overripe. This indicates that GA 10 % can extend the commercial shelf life of plums beyond the current 5-day limit. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the potential of these coatings as an eco-friendly alternative to HDPE bags. However, the effectiveness of edible coatings was limited by their moisture barrier properties, requiring further optimization for wider commercial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Strychnos henningsii extracts showed high antioxidant and low cytotoxicity. • Methanolic extract inhibited α-glucosidase; alkaloid extract inhibited α-amylase. • Alkaloids were the highest phytochemical content, followed by flavonoids, phenols, and terpenes. • Five bioactive triterpenes showed low to moderate cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibition. The pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus, particularly type II diabetes, is escalating in South Africa, where complications from this condition rank as the second leading cause of natural mortality. Locally, the bark of Strychnos henningsii Gilg. has been traditionally employed to manage type II diabetes, a chronic ailment necessitating continuous attention. This study aims to assess the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic enzyme inhibitory potentials of S. henningsii , based on its perceived antidiabetic properties. The investigation involved HPTLC, UV–vis spectrophotometry, and LC-MS analyses to ascertain the phytochemical composition. In vitro MTT cytotoxicity, DPPH radical scavenging, ORAC, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were evaluated on the methanolic (MSHB) and total tertiary alkaloid crude extracts (TTA SHB) of S. henningsii. Furthermore, five bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from S. henningsii were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antidiabetic enzymatic potential. The phytochemical examination showed a notable occurrence of alkaloids, then came flavonoids, phenols, and terpenes. MSHB and TTA SHB extracts exhibited minimal MTT cytotoxicity, with the lowest percentage inhibition recorded at 79.83 ± 7.66 % for MSHB at 500 µg/mL. Strong antioxidant activity was evident in both extracts, with IC 50 values less than those of ascorbic acid in DPPH radical scavenging assays. α-Glucosidase inhibition was demonstrated in the MSHB extract, while α-amylase inhibition was observed in the TTA SHB extract. The isolated pentacyclic triterpenes displayed low to moderate cytotoxicity, with IC 50 values ranging between 60.69 and 300.5 µg/mL. Moreover, all isolated triterpenes exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, with alpha-amyrin acetate (SH-4) demonstrating notably higher α-glucosidase inhibition compared to the positive control, reaching 93.34 ± 0.52 % at 500 µM. The findings suggest that S. henningsii and its bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes possess promising attributes, including low cytotoxicity, potent antioxidant properties, and enzymatic inhibition, thereby potentially serving as valuable candidates for developing novel therapeutic interventions targeting type II diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present study focuses on the use of natural substances like vitamin C, folic acid, and lactoferrin to stimulate the phenylpropanoid pathway in germinating fenugreek sprouts. • Among the different genotypes studied, germinated fenugreek sprouts of the IM6 genotype pre-treated with 500 µM vitamin C (T1) demonstrated the highest increase in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity on the 4th day of germination. • The T1-treated IM3 fenugreek sprouts also exhibited the most significant anti-hyperglycemic activity. They were able to inhibit the activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and invertase under in vitro conditions. • The treatments did not significantly affect the levels of diosgenin and trigonelline in germinating sprouts. These compounds are known for their health benefits and remained relatively stable during germination. • Notably, the quercetin content in T1-treated germinating sprouts continued to increase, even beyond the fourth day of germination. Quercetin is a type of flavonoid with antioxidant properties. • The study established a positive correlation between the increase in total phenol content, especially quercetin, and the antioxidant potential as well as anti-diabetic activity observed in the 4th day germinated sprouts. • These findings suggest that using T1-treated fenugreek sprouts may be a promising dietary approach for managing diabetes-related hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The present study investigated the use of natural elicitors (vitamin C, folic acid, and lactoferrin) to stimulate the phenylpropanoid pathway in germinating fenugreek sprouts, with the aim of increasing their total phenolic phytochemical compounds responsible for imparting antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Observations revealed that germinating fenugreek sprouts of the IM3 genotype, pre-treated with 500 µM vitamin C (T1) on the 4th day, exhibited maximal elicitation of total phenolic content (3680 mg/100 g DW) and antioxidant activity (2607.5 µM/100 g DW) compared to other genotypes. Moreover, T1-treated IM3 fenugreek sprouts demonstrated the highest anti-hyperglycemic activity by inhibiting α-amylase (48.96%), α-glucosidase (92.60%), and invertase (45.65%) enzyme activities under in vitro conditions. Interestingly, the selected treatments did not affect the diosgenin and trigonelline content of germinating sprouts, which decreased in a time-dependent manner during germination. However, the quercetin content (0.01365%) of T1-treated germinating sprouts continued to increase appreciably, even after the 4th day of germination. A direct positive correlation was established between the increase in total phenols, especially quercetin, and the antioxidant potential as well as the anti-hyperglycemic activity in germinated fenugreek sprouts on the 4th day. Thus, T1-treated sprouts hold promise for managing diabetes-related hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, emphasizing the efficacy of vitamin C in enhancing their bioactive properties. This research pioneers the use of natural elicitors to enhance the health benefits of fenugreek sprouts, notably by identifying an optimal treatment and elucidating quercetin dynamics during germination. Such findings are pivotal for advancing our understanding of sprouting processes and provide valuable insights into the development of therapeutic functional foods. However, further research is necessary to validate their efficacy before considering them as futuristic functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The investigations of snail slime and its possible biological activities have been performed recently. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the properties of Helix aspersa snail slime (HAS), and carotenoids‐fortified slime (HASC). Methods: Snails were fed with carrots for 10 days. Slime was collected and extracted using water. Saponins identification, antioxidant, collagenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities, carotenoids, total phenols, and flavonoids content, were determined. UHPLC–MS/MS analysis was performed for phytochemical characterization. Results: Saponins were detected in the HAS extract only. However, HASC was shown to contain a higher carotenoid content than HAS (29.51 ± 0.4 vs. 18.11 ± 0.2 μg/g). similarly, total phenolic and flavonoid content were higher for the the HASC extract compared to the HAS (182.3 ± 5.2 vs. 150.28 ± 3.3 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid), and (77.62 ± 1.2 vs. 14.19 ± 0.9 mg/g equivalent to quercetin). As expected, the HASC extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the HAS, using DPPH and the ABTS assays (IC50 = 7.75 ± 0.14 vs. 20.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL), and (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.26 vs. 19.57 ± 1.4 μg/mL). UHPLC–MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocomponents of which, hexadecanoic acid and ascorbic acid, were observed in the HASC extract. Furthermore, HASC extract exhibited superior inhibitory activity compared to HAS against collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes (IC50 = 8.4 ± 1.19 vs. 15.3 ± 1.12 μg/mL) and (IC50 = 30.1 ± 0.91 vs. 35 ± 1.3 μg/mL). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of HASC as a valuable ingredient in various pharmaceutical applications, due to their content of various phenolic, antioxidants, carotenoids, hexadecanoic, and ascorbic acids. The latter is well known for its great cosmeceutical applications used for slowing the process of skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant fucosylation is the hallmark of malignant cell transformation, leading to many cellular events, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. This increased fucosylation is caused due to the over-expression of fucosyltransferases (FUTs) that catalyzes the transfer of the fucose (Fuc) residue from GDP-fucose (donor substrate) to various oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (acceptor substrates). Hence, fucosyltransferases (FUTs) are considered as validated target for the drug discovery against on cancers. In the current study, a drug repurposing approach was deployed to identify new hits against fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), using computational and biophysical techniques. A library of 500 US-FDA approved drugs were screened in-silico against fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) donor and acceptor sites. Five drugs were predicted as hits, based on their significant docking scores (-5.8 to -8.2), and binding energies (-43 to -51.19 Kcal/mol). Furthermore, STD-NMR highlighted the epitope of these drugs in the binding site of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2). Simulation studies provided insights about the binding site of these drugs, and 4 of them, acarbose, ascorbic acid, ibuprofen, and enalaprilat dihydrate, were found as significant binders at the donor binding site of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2). Hence, the current study reports the repurposed drugs as potential hits against fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2). These may be further studied through in-vitro and in-vivo inhibitory and mechanistic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin c can relieve the pain after other diseases, but there are no studies on whether vitamin C can relieve the pain after hip replacement. The purpose of this paper is to study whether vitamin C can relieve the pain after total hip replacement. Purpose: In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 100 patients receiving THA at our hospital were randomly assigned to vitamin c or control groups. During the operation, the vitamin C group will receive intravenous injection of 3 g vitamin C, and the control group will receive 3 g placebo. If the patient has postoperative pain, 10 ml subcutaneous injection of morphine will be required as a rescue analgesic. The primary outcome was the amount of postoperative injection of morphine as a rescue analgesic and expression of inflammatory factors, and the secondary outcome was postoperative pain and hip recovery as assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Results: The dosage of subcutaneous injection of morphine was significantly reduced in vitamin C group. VAS pain scores at rest and exercise were lower in the vitamin C group 24 h after surgery, and hip motion was better 24 h after surgery, but there was no significant difference between the two groups 24 h after surgery.Nonetheless, the overall changes in morphine usage and VAS scores did not surpass the established minimal clinically important differences (10 mg for morphine consumption; 1.5 at rest and 1.8 during movement for VAS scores). Conclusion: Adding intravenous vitamin c to multimodal analgesia significantly improved morphine consumption, VAS pain score, and functional recovery. However, it is recommended that single intravenous administration of vitamin C during the perioperative period may achieve better pain relief for patients after THA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is the most important fruit in the EU. The total yield is more than 11 million tons.year-1, 15% of which is that of the early apple varieties. Several papers have already been published on the efficacy of crown and fruit thinning in the 20th century. Nowadays, hybrid varieties and intensive crown types are used in modernized systems. Our research was carried out in a Hungarian orchard during two cultivation periods. We studied two early apple varieties (Idaho, Gala Must) to determine how fruit thinning affected the quantity and quality of fruits. We found that the effectiveness of non-thinned technology is similar or slightly better compared to fruit thinning, after the second harvest. The average yield of Idaho apples per tree per harvest was 35.9 vs. 24.8 kg, while that of Gala Must was 50.8 vs. 59.2 kg (with thinning vs. without thinning). To assess quality, we measured water-soluble sugars, NO3-, NO2 and vitamin C content. Immediately, after the harvest, a surprisingly high vitamin C content was found in the fruits (4.4 mg.100 g-1 on average), which, however, decomposed after 3 months of storage. We also determined the pathway of the decomposition of vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to extend the storage time of fresh-cut lotus roots. A quantitative evaluation was conducted using the grey–correlation analysis method based on the variation–coefficient weight to observe the treatment of acetic acid (0, 2%, and 5%) and ozone (0, 0.3 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L). Their effects on weight loss rate, browning degree, and the content of reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, and free amino acid were determined. Under varied treatments and storage time, the weight loss rate, browning degree, and content of nutritional components in fresh-cut lotus root differed. Result of the weighted correlation degree showed that for fresh-cut lotus root stored for more than 4 days, 0.3 mg/L ozone could be used as preservative to ensure the storage quality. These findings could provide a scientific basis for using acetic acid and ozone as preservative to extend the storage time of fresh-cut lotus root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to synthesize and characterize a series of novel bis(thiourea) compounds (1–3) featuring ortho phenylenediamine substitutions and assess their potential biological properties. A range of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including elemental analyses, UV–visible, FT-IR, NMR, and mass, were employed to confirm successful compound synthesis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was utilized to validate their crystal structures. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to compare optimized molecular geometries with experimental data. Furthermore, various molecular properties were assessed, indicating the potential suitability of these compounds for nonlinear optical applications. The compounds were also evaluated for their anticancer activity against MCF-7, A549, and Vero cells, demonstrating promising results. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of these new compounds were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl in spectrophotometric analysis. Compound 3 displayed notable antioxidant activity, evaluated in comparison with the standard drug ascorbic acid. In summary, this research introduces a promising series of compounds with potential applications in medicine and material science, without delving into specific numerical results and computational intricacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Some species of Prunus L. are popularly used to treat gastric ulcers. However, the possible healing mechanisms of the anti-ulcer activity of P. spinosa, which has proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, are unclear. Materials and Methods: Ethanol extracts of P. spinosa fruits were administered orally at 100 mg/ kg and 200 mg/kg to Wistar albino rats, with an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. The ulcerous areas on the stomach surface were examined macroscopically. Tissues were examined histopathologically and biochemically. LC-HRMS revealed the phytochemical content. Results: TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-kB levels were higher in the gastric ulcer group than in the extract groups. The VEGF values did not differ in each group. A significant difference was found between the lansoprazole group and the high-dose P. spinosa group regarding PGE2 levels. A histopathologically significant difference was observed between the healthy group and the indomethacin-applied groups in terms of neutrophilic infiltration of the gastric mucosa. Ascorbic acid (1547.521 µg/g), homoprotocatechuic acid (1268.217 µg/g), and genistein (1014.462 µg/g) were found as the main compounds in the P. spinosa extract by LC-HRMS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that P. spinosa protected the gastric mucosa from inflammation and also modulated the PGE2 pathway. When considered in terms of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-8, IL-6, PGE2, and NF-kB values, it can be concluded that it has a similar or even more positive effect than the reference substance. P. spinosa showed its effects in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives(s): Adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have garnered attention for their regenerative potential; therefore, their cellular senescence-related gene expression remains crucial in therapeutic contexts. Nowadays, combination therapies have shown promising results in reducing senescent cells. This study investigated the effects of vitamin C, doxycycline, and azithromycin co-treatment on the key cellular senescence-associated genes in ASCs. Materials and methods: Human ASCs were cultured and treated for 24 hr with vitamin C, doxycycline, azithromycin, and a combination of three drugs. Total RNAs were extracted, and the expression of p21, p16, Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 genes was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, cell cycle alterations were analyzed via flow cytometry after treatment with these compounds. Results: Notably, vitamin C treatment resulted in a significant down-regulation of p21 gene expression (P<0.01), implicating the potential role of vitamin C in promoting cell cycle progression. Doxycycline treatment led to a significant up-regulation of p21 and p16 gene expression (P<0.05), as it has previously been shown to induce cell cycle arrest. Similarly, azithromycin treatment predominantly increased p21 expression (P<0.05). Besides, cell cycle analysis revealed that each compound had changed the distribution of cells across different phases of the cell cycle. Conclusion: The combined use of all three drugs yielded intricate interactions, suggesting a complex yet promising approach to future research. According to our findings, the major difference in the combination drug-treated group (VDA) can be explained by the neutralizing effect of these three components in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Assessment for vitamin C deficiency (VCD) is rarely undertaken in an acute hospital setting in high-income countries. However, with growing interest in VCD in community settings, there is emerging evidence investigating the prevalence and impact of VCD during hospitalization. Objectives In this scoping review, the prevalence of VCD in adult hospitalized patients is explored, patient characteristics are described, and risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with VCD are identified. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR framework. The Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for interventional, comparative, and case-series studies that met eligibility criteria, including adult hospital inpatients in high-income countries, as defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, that reported VCD prevalence using World Health Organization reference standards. These standards define VCD deficiency as plasma or serum vitamin C level <11.4 µmol/L, wholeblood level <17 µmol/L, or leukocytes <57 nmol/108 cells. Results Twenty-three articles were included, representing 22 studies. The cumulative prevalence of VCD was 27.7% (n = 2494; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21.3-34.0). High prevalence of VCD was observed in patients with severe acute illness and poor nutritional status. Scurvy was present in 48% to 62% of patients with VCD assessed in 2 studies (n = 71). Being retired (P  = 0.015) and using excessive amounts of alcohol and tobacco (P  = 0.0003) were independent risk factors for VCD (n = 184). Age was not conclusively associated with VCD (n = 631). Two studies examined nutrition associations (n = 309); results were inconsistent. Clinical outcomes for VCD included increased risk of frailty (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95%CI, 1.33–13.86; P  = 0.015) and cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.93; 95%CI, 1.05–8.19, P  = 0.031) (n = 160). Conclusions VCD is a nutritional challenge facing the healthcare systems of high-income countries. Research focused on early identification and treatment of patients with VCD is warranted. Systematic Review Registration Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AJGHX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of two coformers, l-tartaric acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (AA) was evaluated on the solubility of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ.HCl). Solid dispersions were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Drug solubility was evaluated in bio-relevant media and the results were compared to the physical mixtures (PM) of the drug + coformer, and the pure drug. Physicochemical characterisation of the developed products was characterised using Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and X-ray powder diffractometry (XPRD). Physical mixtures of PGZ-AA (PM) were able to enhance drug solubility to the same extent as the solvent evaporation method (PGZ-AA). This indicates that the preparation process has little effect on drug solubility. Up to 7-fold enhancement was observed for drug solubility in distilled water and buffer pH 1.2. Physical mixtures seem more feasible method to significantly enhance drug solubility without the need to use toxic solvents and time-consuming evaporation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual and progressive cognitive decline leading to dementia. At its core, the neuropathological features of AD include hallmark accumulations of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Other harmful processes, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, contribute to the disease's neuropathological progression. This review evaluates the role of oxidative stress in AD, placing a spotlight on the disappointing outcomes of various antioxidant clinical trials. Several hypotheses are discussed that might elucidate the failures of these therapies in AD. Specifically: 1) The paradoxical and overlooked harmful implications of prooxidant intermediates, particularly stemming from conventional antioxidants like vitamins E and C; 2) The challenges and failure to appreciate the issue of bioavailability—epitomized by the dictum "no on-site protection, no protection"—and the preeminent, yet often ignored, role played by endogenous antioxidant enzymes in combating oxidative stress; 3) The influence of unrecognized etiologies, such as latent infectious agents and others, as foundational drivers of oxidative stress in AD; 4) The underestimation of the complexity of oxidative mechanisms and the necessity of multi-targeted therapeutic approaches, such as those provided by various diets; and 5) The limitations of clinical trial designs in fully capturing the effects of antioxidants on AD progression. This article also examines the outcomes of select clinical trials while highlighting the challenges and barriers these therapies pose, offering insights into potential mechanisms to overcome their marginal success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐term sample stability of five atypical antipsychoticdrugs risperidone, paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine and olanzapine and the antidepressant drug mirtazapine in serum was studied by use of a newly developed and validated analytical method based on solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Ascorbic acid was used as an antioxidative agent to stabilize olanzapine during storage and sample preparation. We assessed analyte stability on long‐term storage in serum samples at 25°C, 5°C, −20°C and −80°C, and during five freeze–thaw cycles. Analytes were stable for 23 days at room temperature except for olanzapine and mirtazapine (17 days). All analytes were stable for at least 30 days at 5°C. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −20°C, except for paliperidone and mirtazapine with 60 days and 180 days, respectively. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −80°C. Furthermore, all analytes were stable for five freeze–thaw cycles. We recommend storage at −80°C when samples drawn for analysis of antipsychotic drugs are stored for more than 60 days, whereas a temperature of −20°C is sufficient for storage less than 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluated the storage characteristics of dried pumpkin packed in two different films: polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene (PE) by accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) at three storage temperatures: 30, 40, and 50 °C. Weight loss, pH, water activity, color, and total microbial count of the samples were monitored at fixed times during the experiments. After 2 days of storage at 50 °C, the weight loss for the PLA and PE packaging reached its maximum value at 9.15 ± 0.8% and 6.53 ± 1.6%, respectively. The microbiological results demonstrated that, with a total plate count of fewer than 4 log CFU/g, the dried pumpkin samples did not degrade while being stored at different temperatures. Bioactive compound content (total polyphenols, ascorbic acid content, and carotenoid content) and antioxidant activity were determined at the end of storage, and they significantly changed with higher temperatures. The largest total polyphenols losses were observed for samples PLA 40 °C and PLA 50 °C (40%) and samples PE 50 °C (55%). For both packaging under the same storage conditions, antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid concentration likewise showed a similar pattern. The color changes observed during the storage were described by the non-enzymatic browning process using a pseudo-first-order reaction in terms of Chroma. The activation energy in terms of Q10 (defined as the ratio of the rate constants when the temperature is raised by 10 °C) and the storage time at 25 °C were determined. The results showed that PLA film is an appropriate packaging for preserving the physico-chemical properties of dried pumpkin snacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot air–assisted radio frequency drying (HARFD) is a recently developed food dehydration method to enhance thermal efficiency while retaining the quality of the fresh produce. This investigation is aimed at exploring the potential for the application of portable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid real-time assessment of the quality of apple slices during HARFD. Both moisture content (MC) and vitamin C content (VCC) were selected as the critical indicators to assess the quality of the dried apple slices. Principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models were developed and compared to establish the relationships between the NIR spectrum and the selected quality indicators of dried products. Model fitting results indicate that the BP-ANN model achieved the highest prediction accuracy for MC (lowest RMSEP = 0.331 and highest R P 2 =0.976) and VCC (lowest RMSEP = 0.605 and highest R P 2 =0.933) of apple slices during HARFD. This work highlights the use of portable NIR spectroscopy as an efficient and non-destructive tool for smart prediction of the quality parameters of apple slices during the HARFD process via optimized statistical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]