Search

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the prevention of typhoid fever among patients aged 15-50 years in Adjumani General Hospital, Adjumani District. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design with both quantitative approaches. Simple random sampling was used. Data were analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and were entered in the Excel computer program to generate tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results: The study findings revealed that the overall knowledge of the prevention of typhoid fever among the respondents was generally poor, as most (60%) of the respondents did not know anything about typhoid fever. Regarding attitude, the majority (70%) of the respondents agreed washing hands with soap helped in preventing typhoid fever, most (60%) agreed that boiling water also helped in preventing typhoid fever, and the majority (84%) were willing to prevent typhoid fever. In regards to practices half (50%) of the respondents did not know any of the practices that helped in the prevention of typhoid fever, more than half (56%) agreed washing hands with soap helped to minimize typhoid fever infection, the majority (70%) of the agreed on using pit latrine as a fecal disposal facility to minimize typhoid fever infection. Conclusion: The general knowledge, attitude, and practices of the respondents towards the prevention of typhoid fever were generally poor which in the end could lead to an increase in the spread of typhoid fever within the district. Recommendation: Health workers in Adjumani General Hospital should promote community health-based programs to teach the community the best practices to curb the increasing typhoid fever.

Objective The objective of this review was to develop a taxonomy of pressures experienced by health services and an accompanying taxonomy of strategies for adapting in response to these pressures. The taxonomies were developed from a review of observational studies directly assessing care delivered in a variety of clinical environments. Design In the first phase, a scoping review of the relevant literature was conducted. In the second phase, pressures and strategies were systematically coded from the included papers, and categorised. Data sources Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus) and reference lists from recent reviews of the resilient healthcare literature. Eligibility criteria Studies were included from the resilient healthcare literature, which used descriptive methodologies to directly assess a clinical environment. The studies were required to contain strategies for managing under pressure. Results 5402 potential articles were identified with 17 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. The principal source of pressure described in the studies was the demand for care exceeding capacity (ie, the resources available), which in turn led to difficult working conditions and problems with system functioning. Strategies for responding to pressures were categorised into anticipatory and on-the-day adaptations. Anticipatory strategies included strategies for increasing resources, controlling demand and plans for managing the workload (efficiency strategies, forward planning, monitoring and co-ordination strategies and staff support initiatives). On-the-day adaptations were categorised into: flexing the use of existing resources, prioritising demand and adapting ways of working (leadership, teamwork and communication strategies). Conclusions The review has culminated in an empirically based taxonomy of pressures and an accompanying taxonomy of strategies for adapting in response to these pressures. The taxonomies could help clinicians and managers to optimise how they respond to pressures and may be used as the basis for training programmes and future research evaluating the impact of different strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]