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Ever-increasing demand for efficient optoelectronic devices with a small-footprinted on-chip light emitting diode has driven their expansion in self-emissive displays, from micro-electronic displays to large video walls. InGaN nanowires, with features like high electron mobility, tunable emission wavelengths, durability under high current densities, compact size, self-emission, long lifespan, low-power consumption, fast response, and impressive brightness, are emerging as the choice of micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs). However, challenges persist in achieving high crystal quality and lattice-matching heterostructures due to composition tuning and bandgap issues on substrates with differing crystal structures and high lattice mismatches. Consequently, research is increasingly focused on scalable InGaN nanowire µLEDs representing a transformative advancement in display technology, particularly for next-generation applications such as virtual/augmented reality and high-speed optical interconnects. This study presents recent progress and critical challenges in the development of InGaN nanowire µLEDs, highlighting their performance and potential as the next-generation displays in consumer electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the higher initial costs compared to projectors, long‐term benefits make LED video walls preferable for modern video conferencing needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper proposes the design and implementation of a system for simultaneous communication of several users over a single display, such as large public displays or video walls. Motivated by the lack of software frameworks that are both free and suited for the desired level of complexity, we present a novel, out-of-the-box solution for collaborative and remotely controlled application use. The solution is based exclusively on web technologies, thus significantly facilitating usability and reach, and eliminating the need for additional software installations or the use of additional devices. The architecture of the developed solution is modular and comprises three main components: (1) the environment, (2) the remote controllable application (RCA), and (3) the controller. The environment serves as a central hub that manages the data flow and ensures synchronization between the user devices. The RCA, which runs on the large display, serves as the interface for interacting with the content, while the controller, which is loaded on the users' smartphones, enables control and interaction with the RCA in real time. By using web sockets and a server–client architecture, the system supports device- and platform-independent remote control and centralized collaboration through an off-the-shelf communication framework entirely flexible regarding client application. In order to demonstrate the possibilities of the proposed system, several different scenarios were covered, and solutions were implemented and tested on a large display in the faculty lobby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to experimentally identify the primary sources of pressure when a laser-induced cavitation bubble is collapsing to a wall with specific emphases on the material acoustic impedance and thickness. Both high-speed videos and local wall pressure measurements were performed for various standoff ratios γ, bubble diameters, and wall materials. In the case of a rigid wall, in addition to the known high pressure for γ < 0.6 where the bubble attaches and collapses on the wall (ring collapse), at γ ≈ 1.12 where the jet is dominant, and low pressure obtained at γ ≈ 0.913 , where neither effect is significant, we further captured similar pressure profiles during the collapse after the first rebound at γ ≈ 1.16 for the ring collapse, γ ≈ 1.79 for the jet, and γ ≈ 1.41 for the minimal, respectively. This indicates a strong jet is typically followed by a strong ring collapse. Generally, the pressure from the second collapse increases faster with the bubble size than that of the first collapse. For walls featuring smaller acoustic impedance or thickness, which cannot be approximated as rigid bodies or accessed by pressure sensor, our unique bubble edge analyzing tool shows that the ring collapse and jet effects are moved to smaller values of γ. The maximum pressure exerted on the wall in these cases is smaller than that on the rigid wall. Finally, we summarized the asymptotic evolution curves of each edge which bound the bubble dynamics at different standoff ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LED video wall market is in a growth phase as an alternative to LCD based large canvases. This paper contributes to industry body of knowledge on the opportunity to optimize the LED compute architecture for the mainstream market through key tenants of an open‐industry standard and commercial‐off‐the‐shelf product approach. With the LED market being in a growth phase this motivates a look at the compute architecture which drives such displays. A key adjacent market trend is how AV over IP is replacing domain specific protocols and more vendors adopt a software approach – both trends can be considered for application to the LED compute architecture. Four key challenges are summarized from a look at the current LED compute architecture and a template new architecture shown to explore answers to these challenges. The methodology of an incubation effort to explore this architecture is described leveraging the open‐source Intel® Media Transport Library to use SMPTE ST 2110 as a building block. Project findings are correlated back to the key challenges and reflect the tenants mentioned above. The next steps include practical considerations for product readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in the brightness, efficiency, and dynamic range of emissive displays are made possible by integrating microLEDs inside every pixel. Economical realization of these displays demands a diverse set of process technologies and device designs to accommodate the characteristics of microLEDs in large‐area formats. Here, we present advancements in stamp‐based mass transfer. We present schemes for packaging microLEDs into multi‐color emitter structures that interface readily with backplane materials. The structures reduce mass transfer cost by increasing parallelism of the process. We demonstrate their utility in active pixel arrays that use microICs as drivers. We introduce a coverglass with light trap film stacks for enhancing contrast in microLED displays. Finally, we present a surface mountable device that incorporates these technologies into a format that is applicable to videowalls and digital signage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimized use of steel in existing structures – using the video wall at the Salzburg stadium as an example Due to our limited resources, the improvement and further development of our buildings will be one of the main tasks in the construction industry in the future. The lowest possible use of resources paired with the lowest possible CO2e consumption of a construction in the production phase is the planner through the optimized choice of material, structure as well as to find the type of production. The metallic material steel has many advantages over mineral and biotic materials due to its implicit performance and its recyclability, whereby a sustainable building material well‐being always represents an optimization process taking into account all boundary conditions. After an introductory description of energy and resource efficiency as well as the recyclability of the building materials: steel, wood and reinforced concrete, this article describes the design process and the installation of two video walls in the existing roof of the Salzburg stadium. For this purpose, the boundary conditions of the existing roof situation, the construction of the video wall with regard to the choice of material and structure as well as the on‐site assembly process are discussed. In order to complete such tasks within a very short time window and with minimal consumption of resources, both sufficient knowledge of the existing property and close cooperation between planning and construction are essential prerequisites for the success of the project. The existing roof primarily provides inspiration and incentive for further development and requires appropriate knowledge, experience and creativity among those involved. The manufacturing process should not be the action of individual players, but at best a joint task of planning and construction with the fairest possible distribution of opportunities and risks. Because only if the focus is on a collaborative, lean‐based approach can more resource‐saving and CO2e reduced buildings be realized and thus create sustainable buildings in the spirit of ecological rationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work studies cavitation self-oscillations which occur in a liquid flow in a pipeline with two resistances: the first is the cavitator, followed by an artificial ventilated cavity with an average pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and through the second resistance (nozzle), liquid and gas flow out into the atmosphere. Experiments are carried out on a planar jet facility with transparent side walls for video recording. We research the possibility of using the mode of self-oscillations to create periodic pulsed jets at the outlet. The studies show that various frequency modes of self-oscillation can be implemented, with the mode of the first or second frequency modes being the most suitable for generating pulsed jets. It is demonstrated that the mode of intermittent liquid outflow from the nozzle occurs at a rather high average pressure in the cavity. The maximum pressure in the area of collision with the obstacle significantly exceeds both the average pressure of the head and the maximum pressure in the cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fjords provide unique habitats for large cold-water coral (CWC) reefs, typically growing on sills and vertical walls. Fjord reefs are among the most thriving CWC reefs in Norway. Yet, these reefs, especially the wall reefs, are notoriously understudied. Here, we mapped the biomass, total carbon (C) stocks and C turnover (as respiration) of the reef-building coral Lophelia pertusa (syn. Desmophyllum pertusum), and dominant, large CWC reef-associated suspension feeders (the sponges Geodia barretti and Mycale lingua , the CWC Madrepora oculata and the bivalve Acesta excavata) within the Hardangerfjord, Norway. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) recorded videos from wall and sill reefs were used to estimate species-specific biomass. Coupled with high resolution terrain data (2 × 2 m), predictive maps of species biomass were produced using a random forest (RF) model. The resulting biomass data were integrated with species-specific C content and C respiration rates from literature to estimate C stocks and C turnover of wall versus sill reefs. Area-specific results from the RF models reveal that wall reefs had a higher habitat suitability for all species except L. pertusa , which was more dominant on the sills. Accordingly, the wall reefs supported an up to 11 times higher biomass, C stock, and turnover for all species, except for L. pertusa , which had two-fold higher values on the sill reef. As a result, the wall reefs showed a 1.5 to 4.8 times higher total mean C turnover by dominant suspension feeders (all studied species) compared to the sill reefs. With their high C turnover and their presumably wide distribution in Norwegian fjords and globally, benthic wall reef megafauna may have a substantial, but overlooked biomass and functional role within CWC reef systems. • We provide a first insight into cold-water coral reef biomass within a fjord. • Fjordic walls may play a distinct, overlooked role as cold-water coral reef habitat. • Fjordic sill reefs have higher Lophelia pertusa biomass than the walls. • Compared to the sill, wall reefs host higher overall biomass and carbon turnover. • Some reef-associated suspension feeders may prefer walls over sill habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]