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Background: Hepatitis B and C are significant viral infections in pregnancy with high risk of maternal and neonatal complications. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections and correlates among pregnant women who attended antenatal care (ANC) unit of General and Civil Service Hospitals, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 282 consented pregnant women randomly selected from the ANC units of two hospitals in Ilorin. Blood samples were collected from the pregnant women and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Socio-demographic and obstetrics information of the pregnant women and potential risk factors for HBV and HCV infections were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 Results: Majority of the women were married (78.4%), from monogamous families (57.8%), do not share sharp objects (65.6%), have not received blood transfusion (65.3%), have no history of organ transplantation (91.1%), and multigravida (61.4%,) in their first (36.9%), second (37.2%) and third (25.9%) trimesters of pregnancy. Overall, 22.3% and 1.4% tested positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV respectively. Family background of the study participants showed significant (p˂0.05) association with HBsAg positivity. None of the other analysed variables showed any significant association with both HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity. Conclusion: This result showed high prevalence of HBV but low prevalence of HCV infections among pregnant women in the study setting. Improved surveillance and routine screening for HBV and HCV for women attending ANC is recommended to reduce disease burden and help achieve WHO goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney transplantation is the optimal therapy for end-stage kidney disease but limited by the available number of organs. Using HCV+ donors, both in HCV+ and HCV− recipients, is a rational response to the organ shortage. We review the historic experience using HCV+ donors in HCV+ recipients and assess long-term results. We also discuss contemporary practices, including the transplantation of HCV-viremic kidneys into HCV− recipients with different approaches to posttransplant HCV therapy. Resumen: El trasplante renal es el tratamiento óptimo de la insuficiencia renal terminal pero está limitado por el número de órganos disponibles. El uso de los riñones de los donantes VHC+, tanto en receptores VHC+ como VHC−, es una respuesta racional a la escasez de órganos. En este artículo revisamos la experiencia histórica usando riñones de donantes VHC+ en receptores VHC+ y evaluamos los resultados a largo plazo. Además, discutiremos las prácticas contemporáneas incluyendo el trasplante de órganos VHC+ virémicos en receptores VHC− con diferentes opciones de tratamiento VHC postrasplante.

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L’hépatite C demeure un important problème de santé publique au Canada, le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) étant responsable de plus d’années de vie perdues que toutes les autres maladies infectieuses au Canada. Une augmentation du nombre de cas d’hépatite C déclarés a été observée entre 2014 et 2018. Nous présentons ici les changements dans les tendances épidémiologiques et discutons des facteurs de risque d’acquisition de l’hépatite C au Canada qui pourraient avoir contribué à cette augmentation du nombre de cas d’hépatite C déclarés, en nous concentrant sur l’utilisation de drogues injectables. Nous décrivons une diminution de l’utilisation d’aiguilles ou de seringues empruntées, associée à une augmentation de l’utilisation d’autres matériels d’injection usagés. De plus, une prévalence accrue de l’utilisation de drogues injectables et de l’injection d’opioïdes sur ordonnance et de méthamphétamine par les personnes qui utilisent des drogues par injection (UDI) peut augmenter le risque d’acquisition du VHC. Dans le même temps, si la couverture des interventions en matière de réduction des méfaits semble avoir augmenté au Canada ces dernières années, des lacunes subsistent en ce qui a trait à l’accès et la couverture. Nous examinons également comment l’élargissement de l’admissibilité aux antiviraux à action directe a pu affecter les taux d’hépatite C de 2014 à 2018. Enfin, nous présentons les nouvelles tendances de surveillance observées en 2019 et discutons de la manière dont la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pourrait influencer le nombre de cas d’hépatite C à partir de 2020. Des efforts continus pour 1) améliorer la surveillance de l’hépatite C, et 2) renforcer la portée, l’efficacité et l’adoption des services de prévention et de traitement de l’hépatite C à travers le Canada sont essentiels pour réduire la transmission du VHC parmi les UDI et atteindre les objectifs canadiens d’élimination du VHC d’ici 2030.

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Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered an at-risk population for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. Seroprevalence of HCV in Mexico is 1.4% and is similar in HCWs at 0.5–2%. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of HCV in HCWs at the Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional La Raza (HECMNR) and correlate the positive cases with the viral load. Materials and methods: An observational, longitudinal, descriptive study was conducted on HCWs at the HECMNR that voluntarily answered a risk factor questionnaire and gave a capillary blood sample for detecting antibodies to HCV. Anti-HCV antibody detection was performed through the rapid colloidal gold-enhanced immunochromatographic assay for the qualitative identification of antibodies to HCV. When positive, quantitative HCV RNA PCR testing was carried out. Results: A total of 391 rapid anti-HCV tests were performed and the mean participant age was 32 years. A total of 214 (54.73%) of the HCWs belonged to clinical services, 120 (30.69%) to surgical services, and 57 (14.57%) to the nursing service; 254 (64.96%) participants were medical residents and 137 (35%) were staff personnel. The most prevalent risk factors were accidental puncture wounds (n = 261, 66.75%) and dental procedures (n = 229, 58.56%). Four samples (1.02%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and the HCV RNA PCR test was not positive in any of the samples. Conclusions: HCWs did not have a greater seroprevalence for HCV, compared with the general population, and no cases of viremia were reported. Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: Los trabajadores de la salud (TS) se consideran población en riesgo de transmisión del Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC). La seroprevalencia del VHC en México es del 1.4 % y en los TS es del 0.5 a 2%, siendo similares. Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de VHC en los TS del Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional la Raza (HECMNR) y correlacionar los casos reactivos con la carga viral. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y descriptivo. Se incluyeron a TS adscritos al HECMNR, quienes de manera voluntaria se sometieron a un cuestionario de factores de riesgo y se les tomó muestra de sangre capilar para detectar anti-VHC. La determinación de anti-VHC fue realizada mediante pruebas rápidas inmunocromatográficas de oro coloidal para la identificación cualitativa de anti-VHC. En caso de reactividad, se realizó PCR cuantitativa de ARN-VHC. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 391 pruebas rápidas anti-VHC, la edad promedio fue de 32 años, 214 (54.73%) pertenecientes a servicios clínicos, 120 (30.69%) a quirúrgicos y 57 (14.57%) a enfermería; 254 médicos residents (64.96%) y 137 (35%) personal de base. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron: accidentes con punzocortantes (n = 261, 66.75%) e intervenciones odontológicas (n = 229, 58.56%). Cuatro muestras (1.02%) fueron reactivas a anti-VHC, ninguna de las muestras fue positiva para el ARN del VHC por PCR. Conclusiones: Se observó que los TS no poseen mayor seroprevalencia para VHC en comparación con la población en general, así mismo, no se reportó ningún caso de viremia.

Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) affects approximately 70 million people. It is estimated that 250 million people have used an illicit drug; about 29.5 million of those consumers suffer from disorders caused by the use of drugs. Infections are among the adverse outcomes for people who inject drugs, which represents an increased risk for HCV. Most drug users who become infected with HCV do so as young adults, which represents more years of medical care. Young adults are the most productive, which would also affect the economy and productivity of the country. The rapid detection programs in places of risk are an excellent option for the global prevention of HCV. Currently, treatment with direct-acting antivirals is considered for all populations, including high risk, such as injectable drug users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a taxa de resposta completa ao final do tratamento e de resposta sustentada em pacientes com cirrose pelo vírus da hepatite C tratados com interferon isolado ou combinado com ribavirina. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Um total de 33 pacientes cirróticos ambulatoriais, VHC positivos, sem outras causas identificáveis de doença hepática, compensados e classificados como Child-Pugh A, foram divididos em dois grupos, de forma nãorandomizada: Grupo 1 (n=13), tratado com interferon 3 MU, subcutâneo, três vezes por semana, por 12 meses; Grupo 2 (n=20), tratado com interferon na mesma posologia anterior, associado a ribavirina, 1000 mg/dia, via oral, em duas tomadas, diariamente, por 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Dos 33 pacientes, 24 (73%) eram homens e a idade variou entre 35 e 72 anos (média de 50,7 ± 9 anos). A taxa de resposta completa ao final do tratamento e de resposta sustentada foi, respectivamente, de 1/13 (8%) e 0/13 (0%) no Grupo 1 versus 11/20 (55%) e 7/20 (35%) no Grupo 2 (P

Contexte : La transmission du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) a été épidémiologiquement liée aux établissements de santé, en particulier aux établissements de soins externes, tels que les cliniques d’endoscopie et d’hémodialyse. Celles-ci ont été largement attribuées à des manquements concernant la prévention et le contrôle des infections. Objectif : Décrire les mesures de santé publique face à une épidémie du VHC détectée parmi les patients d’une clinique de coloscopie en Ontario, et souligner les risques liés à l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples et la nécessité d’améliorer les pratiques de prévention et le contrôle des infections dans les établissements de soins externes. Méthodes : Le dépistage du VHC a été effectué chez les patients et le personnel qui ont fréquenté la clinique ou y ont travaillé en même temps que l’intervention du cas indexé. Les échantillons de sang des cas positifs ont été soumis à un séquençage viral. Des inspections de la clinique ont permis d’évaluer les pratiques de prévention et le contrôle des infections, et un examen des dossiers a été effectué pour cerner les mécanismes plausibles de transmission. Résultat : Au total, 38 % des patients qui ont subi des interventions à la clinique le même jour que le cas indexé a reçu un résultat positif pour le VHC. Le séquençage génétique a montré un haut degré de similarité dans la séquence génétique du VHC parmi les échantillons positifs pour le VHC. L’examen des dossiers et l’inspection des cliniques ont permis de désigner l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples de médicaments d’anesthésie chez plusieurs patients comme mécanisme plausible de transmission. Conclusion : Les travailleurs de la santé, en particulier ceux qui se trouvent dans des établissements d’intervention ou chirurgicaux externes, devraient être vigilants et s’en tenir aux pratiques exemplaires de prévention et le contrôle des infections, notamment celles liées à l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples, afin de prévenir la transmission d’infections hématogènes dans les établissements de soins de santé.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been related to inflammatory myopathies and serum markers of autoimmunity. CLINICAL CASES: The cases of three patients with positive to HCV by ELISA are described. One woman and two men with mean age of 55 years (limits: 35-68). They were referred to our hospital because of muscle weakness, myalgia and skin lesions in one case. The woman had a history of blood transfusion before 1990 and the men used illegal drugs. Serum muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase, aldolase, LDH, AST, and ALT, were markedly elevated. Inflammation in the muscle tissue was demonstrated by biopsy specimens of these patients. Two ended up with kidney damage and underwent peritoneal dialysis. Patients received prednisone without antivirals for their short stay and elevated muscle enzymes were decreased. Two of them died. CONCLUSIONS: HCV might be one of the possible etiological factors responsible for inflammatory myopathy, although relation cause and effect have yet to be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Cette année encore, l'ANGH aura été à l'initiative mais aussi partenaire de plusieurs études cliniques. Quatre études publiées dans des journaux internationaux sur la prise en charge des hémorragies digestives. Une étude publiée sur la prise en charge de la cholangite primitive. Une prochaine publication concerne un observatoire multicentrique évaluant l'intérêt de la prescription du baclofène dans l'alcoolo-dépendance chez 202 patients. Des recommandations de bonne pratique concernant l'hydrothorax sont en cours de rédaction. Différentes enquêtes concernent l'hépatite B/delta, le dépistage du carcinome hépatocellulaire chez le patient VHB chronique et l'indication du TIPS et son accessibilité. Une large étude multicentrique visant à suivre une cohorte de patients VHB chroniques inactifs pendant cinq ans vient de se terminer. Une étude en cours a pour principal but d'apprécier l'impact de la crise du Covid-19 sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge du cancer colorectal. Un questionnaire-patient vise à apprécier l'impact de l'activité physique sur la qualité de vie des patients suivis pour une MICI. Une étude multicentrique vise à suivre une cohorte de patients pour lesquels un diagnostic de NASH a été porté dans l'année précédant leur inclusion. Une enquête de pratique sur les modalités de la ponction d'ascite en CHG a pour but de mieux connaître les modalités médicales et paramédicales encadrant ce geste. Une étude organisera le dépistage systématique des trois virus VHB/VHC/VIH dans la population > 40 ans hospitalisée pour la réalisation d'endoscopies digestives sous anesthésie générale. Une étude à venir va s'intéresser à certains points de prise en charge de la pancréatite aigüe biliaire tels que le type de renutrition par voie entérale ou orale classique et la place de la sphinctérotomie. Once again this year, ANGH was the initiator and partner of several clinical studies. Four studies published in international journals on the management of digestive bleeding. A study published on the management of primary cholangitis. A forthcoming publication concerns a multicentre observatory evaluating the value of prescribing baclofen for alcohol dependence in 202 patients. Good practice recommendations concerning hydrothorax are being drafted. Various surveys concern hepatitis B/delta, screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HBV patients and the indication for and accessibility of TIPS. A large multicentre study to follow a cohort of chronically inactive HBV patients for 5 years has just been completed. An ongoing study aims to assess the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. A patient questionnaire aims to assess the impact of physical activity on the quality of life of patients followed for IBD. A multicentre study aims to follow a cohort of patients diagnosed with NASH in the year preceding their inclusion. A practice survey on the modalities of ascites puncture in CHG aims to better understand the medical and paramedical modalities of this procedure. A study will organise systematic screening for the three viruses HBV/HCV/HIV in the population > 40 years old hospitalised for digestive endoscopy under general anaesthesia. A future study will look at certain aspects of the management of acute biliary pancreatitis, such as the type of enteral or traditional oral renutrition and the place of sphincterotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection offer an opportunity to eliminate the disease. This study aimed to identify and relink to care HCV patients previously lost to medical follow-up in the health area of Pontevedra and O Salnés (Spain) using an artificial intelligence-assisted system., Patients and Methods: Active retrospective search of previously diagnosed HCV cases recorded in the Galician Health Service proprietary health information exchange database using the Herramientas para la EXplotación de la INformación (HEXIN) application., Results and Conclusions: Out of 99 lost patients identified, 64 (64.6%) were retrieved. Of these, 62 (96.88%) initiated DAA treatment and 54 patients (87.1%) achieved a sustained virological response. Mean time from HCV diagnosis was over 10 years. Main reasons for loss to follow-up were fear of possible adverse effects of treatment (30%) and mobility impediments (21%). Among the retrieved patients, almost one in three presented advanced liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis (F4) at evaluation. In sum, HCV patients lost to follow-up can be retrieved by screening past laboratory records. This strategy promotes the achievement of HCV elimination goals., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) encodes the structural protein Core, which in addition to being the capsid subunit, participates in different mechanisms of HCV infection pathogenesis. Since HCV in vitro replication system has limitations, the use of viral vectors could be a useful tool to study the Core protein properties. To validate the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) strategy in transduced HepG2 cells to study the HCV Core protein, the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Core protein expressions were detected 24 to 96 hours post-transduction in HepG2 cells transduced with rSFV. Core protein expression was lower than GFP expression in HepG2 cells. Since HCV Core protein can regulate the activity of the p53 gene, the transcriptional level of this gene was evaluated. A decrease in the level of p53 mRNA was observed in the cells after transduction, compared to the control cells. Although the cells transduced with rSFV-Core had the lowest level of p53 mRNA, the difference was not significant compared to cells transduced with rSFV-GFP. The results confirm that rSFV allows the transient expression of heterologous proteins in human hepatoma cell lines. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the decreased expression of Core may be due to the degradation of the viral protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated as up 40-70% of patients with extrahepatic manifestations (EHM) and 36 different syndromes. These could be attributed to the fact that HCV is lymphotropic, particularly B lymphotropic, and not merely hepatotropic, and could trigger immunological alterations indirectly by exerting a chronic stimulus on the immune system with production of immunoglobulins having rheumatoid activity forming immune complexes and production of cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulinemoa plays a pivotal role in producing most EHM of HCV such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis and neuropathies. Less frequently; while less frequently, the direct viral cytopathic effect could lead to EHMs independent of cryoglobulinemia. The mainstay of treatment of EMH has been antivirals, since interferon era to direct-acting drugs era, with no differences between the two eras, despite the better virological response. Longer evaluation of virological response and clinical investigation with longer follow-ups are necessary., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

El Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) codifica la proteína Core. Core, además de ser la subunidad de la cápside, participa en diferentes mecanismos de patogénesis de la infección por VHC. Dado que el sistema de replicación in vitrodel VHC presenta limitaciones, el uso de vectores virales podría ser una herramienta útil para estudiar las propiedades de la proteína Core. Con el fin de validar el vector con el Virus del Bosque de Semliki (SFV) para el estudio de Core en células HepG2, se evaluó la expresión de la proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) y la proteína Core utilizando este vector viral. Las expresiones de GFP y Core se detectaron en células HepG2 transducidas con rSFV de 24 a 96 horas postransducción. La expresión de la proteína Core fue inferior a la expresión de GFP en las células HepG2. Teniendo en cuenta que la proteína Core del VHC puede regular la actividad del gen p53, se evaluó el nivel transcripcional de este gen. Se observó una disminución en el nivel de mARN de p53 en las células luego de la transducción, comparado con las células control. Aunque las células transducidas con rSFV-Core presentaron el menor nivel de mARN de p53,la diferencia no fue significativa comparada con las células transducidas con rSFV-GFP. Los resultados confirman que rSFV permite la expresión transitoria de proteínas heterólogas en líneas celulares de hepatoma humano. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar si la expresión disminuida de Core puede deberse a degradación de la proteína viral.

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Résumé: Le cancer primitif du foie (CPF) est le sixième cancer en termes d'incidence et la quatrième cause de décès par cancer dans le monde. Son incidence est variable selon les régions géographiques reflétant la disparité des facteurs de risque. Alors que son incidence a tendance à diminuer dans les pays en voie de développement, elle a augmenté dans les pays développés ces dernières décennies. Avec la mise en œuvre des programmes de vaccination contre l'hépatite B et de traitement de l'hépatite C, l'incidence de CPF lié aux hépatites virales tend à décliner. En France, l'alcool reste la première cause d'hépatopathie chronique sous-jacente au carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC), principale forme de CPF, et la stéatopathie non alcoolique devrait bientôt devenir la seconde cause. Malgré des progrès remarquables dans la prise en charge du CHC, du fait d'un diagnostic généralement trop tardif, la survie médiane est de moins d'un an. Un meilleur contrôle des facteurs de risque et la mise en œuvre d'un dépistage systématique chez les patients à haut risque sont les axes majeurs d'amélioration du pronostic. Primitive liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its incidence is heterogeneous because of the variable prevalence of underlying risk factors. While the incidence tends to decrease in low economic resource countries, its incidence and mortality are rapidly rising in the developed regions. With the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C treatment programs worldwide, the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma is shifting away from a disease predominated by viral hepatitis to an increasing proportion of cases which are now attributable to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In France, alcohol is the leading cause of the underlying chronic liver disease to liver cancer but this picture could be changed in the future due to a marked growing prevalence of NAFLD which affects about 20% of the French population. Despite remarkable progress in diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer, its prognosis remains very poor with a median survival less than 12 months. This highlights the key role of primary prevention with a better control of risk factors and of an efficient monitoring of liver cancer in at high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main groups of biocide agents used for inactivation of bacteria and viruses were studied for their virucidal activity against enveloped (HIV, viral hepatitis C, influenza virus A) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, adenovirus). Their efficiency was analyzed. Quarterly ammonium compounds (QAC) themselves are not able to properly inactivate non-enveloped viruses. However, they can be successfully applied in combination with other biocides (guanidines, aldehydes). Effective composition of QAC with amines and guanidines provided inactivation of viruses (4.0 lgTCID50) in concentrations of 0.166-0.280% for non-enveloped viruses and 0.080-00.185% for enveloped viruses. The combination of QAC with aldehydes is especially effective (0.04-0.64% for non-enveloped viruses). The virucidal efficiency does not directly depend on the QAC concentration in the chemical disinfectants.

Introducción: las coinfecciones con hepatitis virales y el VIH representan un riesgo por su alta transmisibilidad y complicaciones. Es de vital importancia que se puedan identificar las barreras de acceso y manejo de las coinfeccio-nes del VIH y la Hepatitis B y C. El propósito del estudio es describir la cascada de atención para la coinfección de las hepatitis virales en personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. Métodos: se delimitaron los indicadores de manejo y seguimiento de los pacientes monitoreados actualmente en clínicas de primer nivel de atención en Santo Domingo y Santiago. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados a partir de los registros escritos de los pacientes en seguimiento, para evaluar los datos epidemiológicos y serológicos que se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos. Resultados: se demostró que un 100 % de los pacientes fueron enrolados, 85.7 % se consideraron como retenidos en el manejo de la coinfección VIH/VHB y solamente 71.4 % recibieron TARV basado en Tenofovir. La casca-da de atención para la coinfección VIH/VHC muestra un vínculo de 87.5 % de los pacientes, 75 % fueron retenidos y ninguno recibió tratamiento. Conclusión: la identificación de los factores de riesgo que influyen en las brechas de la cascada es fundamental para optimizar el manejo y monitoreo de los pacientes coinfec-tados, teniendo en cuenta que es preciso poder reconocer aquellos infectados para iniciar tratamiento de inmediato y así prever secuelas citopatológicas hepáticas.

INTRODUCTION : le virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) a plusieurs manifestations extra hépatiques parmi lesquelles la cryoglubulinémie. La cryoglobulinémie se définit par la présence anormale dans le sang d'une ou plusieurs protéines (cryoglobuline) pouvant précipiter au froid.Méthodes: nous avons mené une étude transversale et analytique dans le service du laboratoire de biologie et l'unité d'hépatologie de l'Hôpital Général de Douala (HGD) pendant une durée de 6 mois. Etaient inclus dans le travail tous les patients acceptant de participer et porteurs d'un anticorps anti VHC avec ou sans traitement. Les cryoglobulines étaient recherchés par la méthode de Biuret et la classification était réalisée par une immunoélectrophorèse de Brouet. Une analyse multivariée a été réalisée, des facteurs de confusion tels que l'âge, le sexe et la durée après dépistage du VHC ont été ajustés.Résultats: nous avons inclus 116 patients. L'âge moyen était de 58,47 ± 9,95 ans. Le sexe masculin représentait 50,86% des cas. L'arthralgie était présente dans 69,80% des cas. La cryoglubiline était présente chez 63,80% des cas. Apres ajustement, le sexe féminin (ORa =2,18; IC à 95% [0,97-4, 90]; p= 0,059), l'asthénie seule (ORa =2,45; IC à 95% [1,04-5,80]; p= 0,041), l'asthénie couplée à l'arthralgie (ORa =2,84; IC à 95% [1,13-7, 10]; p= 0,026) et la présence de l'ARN du VHC (ORa =2,84; IC à 95% [1,13-7, 10]; p= 0,028) étaient des facteurs indépendamment associés à la présence de cryoglobuline.Conclusion: la prévalence de la cryoglobubine est élevée chez les patients porteurs de l'nAc anti VHC à l'HGD. Elle est recherchée par les méthodes biologiques simples. La recherche de cryoglobuline chez les patients porteurs du VHC est essentielle dans un pays à ressource limité.

Background: Rilpivirine (RPV) is an antiretroviral drug characterized by good tolerability and a favorable liver safety profile. Recent research has shown that RPV ameliorates liver fibrosis in animal models of various chronic liver diseases. Our study aimed to analyze the effect of RPV on liver fibrosis by assessing changes in liver stiffness using transient elastography., Methods: Retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients who were exposed and not exposed to RPV. The change in liver stiffness during the period between two transient elastography measurements was analyzed and compared for patients exposed and not exposed to RPV., Results: We selected 118 RPV-exposed and 118 non-RPV-exposed HIV-infected patients. Median time between transient elastography (TE) measurements was 50 (29-68) months. A repeated-measures general linear model based on the main clinical characteristics revealed a significant decrease in the TE value of -0.8kPa in non-RPV-exposed patients (p=0.254) and -1.6kPa in the RPV-exposed group (p<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed a significant reduction in the TE value only patients cured of hepatitis C (RPV-exposed, -2.8kPa [p<0.001]; non-RPV-exposed, -1.1kPa [p=0.22])., Conclusion: RPV-based antiretroviral regimens significantly reduced liver stiffness, as measured by TE, in patients cured of chronic hepatitis C., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Viral load is a very useful marker for monitoring patients infected with HBV and HCV. This work compares assays based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) to verify whether they can be interchangeable., Material and Methods: A bicentric study, in which 147 plasma samples from patients infected with HBV and 229 with HCV were analyzed, was carried out. TMA-based assays (Aptima® HBV Quant and Aptima® HCV Quant Dx, employing Panther system (Hologic®)) and RT-PCR (COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® and COBAS® 6800) were used and the degree of concordance between them was calculated., Results: Viral load was detected in both systems in 60 (40.82%) HBV samples (median log viral load: COBAS: 2.51IU/mL (IQR 2.20-3.17), Panther: 2.71IU/mL (IQR 2.21-3.22)) and in 39 (16.96%) HCV samples (median log viral load: COBAS: 3.93IU/mL (IQR 2.24-6.01), Panther: 3.80IU/mL (IQR 1.99-6.14)). The agreement between both systems was κ=0.943 for HBV and κ=0.925 for HCV. Comparison of viral load samples detected by both assays showed a hight correlation for HBV (R 2 =0.86) and for HCV (R 2 =0.97)., Conclusions: Both TMA and RT-PCR based assays may be interchangeable for the management of patients infected with HBV and HCV., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatitis C Virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. One proposed mechanism of HCV persistence in the ability to infect hematopoietic cells, including Dendritic cells (DCs). HCV infection of DCs could impair their functions that represent one of the mechanisms, thus hampering viral clearance by the host immune system. Among HCV-encoded proteins, the highly conserved Core protein has been suggested to be responsible for the immunomodulatory properties of this Hepacivirus. Recombinant viral vectors expressing the HCV Core protein and allowing its transduction and therefore the expression of the protein into DCs could be useful tools for the analysis of the properties of the Core protein. Vaccinia Virus and retrovirus have been used to transduce human DCs. Likewise, gene transfer into DCs using Semliki Forest Virus has been reported. This study aimed to express the HCV Core protein in human monocyte-derived DCs using an SFV vector, in which the subgenomic RNA encoding the structural proteins was replaced by the HCV Core sequence and then analyze the effects of its expression on DCs functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in the general population of the southern area of Manabí-Ecuador. The absence of HCV antibodies was demonstrated in the studied population, additional studies covering a larger population are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to identify new cases of HIV, HVC and other STIs, through the application of quick tests, focus on people who inject drugs, without taking into account the fact that the use of alcohol and other drugs of abuse inhibits decision making, increasing the transmission of STIs through risky sexual practices. Accordingly, it is necessary to have detection algorithms that consider people who use multiple drugs to improve the identification of new cases and their subsequent linkage with health services. Objective. This paper describes the development process of the OPB-APR model for the detection, counseling and referral of people with HIV and other STIs at addiction treatment centers. Method. The procedure is divided into three phases: 1. A literature review to identify the basic concepts of HIV and other STIs, substance use, risky sexual behaviors, quick tests, and specialized psychological counseling; 2. A feasibility study in which a health professional is trained to implement the OPB-APR model; 3. Drafting of the final version. Results. The final version of the OPB-APR model was obtained, which describes standardized procedures for detection, counseling and referral to health services. Discussion and conclusions. The OPB-APR model aims to strengthen the public health system by increasing the coverage of services for the detection of HIV, HCV and other STIs. The above through the implementation of standardized procedures among specialized and non-specialized health professionals of addiction care centers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To report a case series of HCV-related arthropathy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was done from January 2015 to December 2017 with patients with chronic HCV infection and arthropathy referred to our rheumatology clinic. All the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors for HCV infection including blood transfusion or intravenous drug abuse, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP), anti-HCV (ELISA), viral genotype, and enzymes levels were examined. The clinical presentation of joint involvement, erosions, and type of treatment were also studied. Patients seropositive to HBV were excluded. RESULTS: There were included 31 patients. Risk factors were identified in only 28 cases, including blood transfusion (12) before 1992 and intravenous drug abuse (16). Rheumatoid arthritis coexisting with hepatitis C was found in 6 cases; all of these had anti-CCP, RF and erosions in 3. Nine patients gave a history of mild, symmetric poliarthritis or oligoarthritis no-erosive resembling classic rheumatoid arthritis. Sixteen patients presented polyarthralgias. In total, RF was present in 77% out of 31 patients. Elevated enzymes were seen in 6 cases. Sulphasalazine, chloroquine, low dose prednisone and NSAIDs were commonly prescribed. CONCLUSION: The patients with HCV infection can present arthralgias/arthritis. The type of arthropathy must be differentiated due to the hepatotoxicity of disease modifying drugs. Anti-PCC antibody is useful for distinguishing HCV-related arthropathy from rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: hepatitis C virus (HCV) has several extra-hepatic manifestations including cryoglubulinemia. Cryoglobulinemia is defined as the abnormal presence in the blood of one or several proteins (cryoglobulins) that can precipitate at low temperatures. Method: we conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in the Laboratory of Biology and in the Unit of Hepatology of the General Hospital in Douala (HGD) over a period of 6 months. All patients agreeing to participate to the study and with anti-hepatitis-C antibodies under treatment or not were enrolled. Cryoglobulins were detected using biuret method and the classification was performed using Brouet immunoelectrophoresis. A multivariate analysis was conducted, confounding factors such as age, sex and the length of time after Hepatitis C Virus screening were adjusted. Results: the study enrolled 116 patients. The average age of patients was 58.47±9.95 years. Male sex accounted for 50.86% of cases. Arthralgia was found in 69.80% of cases. Cryoglobulin was found in 63.80% of patients. After adjustment, female sex (OR =2.18; CI 95% [0,97-4,90]; p= 0.059), asthenia alone (OR =2.45;CI 95% [1,04-5,80]; p= 0.041), asthenia combined with arthralgia (OR =2.84;CI 95% [1,13-7, 10]; p= 0.026) and the presence of HCV RNA (OR =2.84;CI 95% [1,13-7,10]; p= 0.028) were factors independently associated with the presence of cryoglobulin. Conclusion: the prevalence of cryoglobubin is high in patients with anti-hepatitis-C antibodies at the HGD. Simple biological methods are used to detect it. Cryoglobulin test in patients with HCV is essential in resource-limited countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé S'il est encore besoin de le rappeler, la transmission d'un agent infectieux est possible lors d'une exposition à des liquides biologiques contaminants, notamment par effraction cutanée par un objet piquant/coupant pour les professionnels de santé, et lors de relations sexuelles. Ces situations sont dénommées accidents exposant au sang et par extension accidents d'exposition sexuelle pour les situations d'exposition à un risque viral lors des relations sexuelles. Des actions combinées ont permis de diminuer considérablement les risques que ce soit pour les professionnels de santé par le respect des précautions standard, la mise à disposition de matériel de sécurité, la vaccination hépatite B rendue obligatoire dans les années 1990, le traitement médicamenteux antirétroviral en urgence postexposition ou pour les risques sexuels par les messages de prévention, la promotion du préservatif et le traitement postexposition. Dans tous les cas, le traitement des personnes infectées de façon chronique, notamment par le VHB et le VIH, tout comme l'éradication possible médicamenteuse du VHC, sont des éléments fondamentaux dans la diminution du risque de transmission après exposition. L'initiation du traitement postexposition doit être la plus précoce possible et réservée aux expositions à risque élevé de transmission. La connaissance du statut sérologique du sujet source, l'information de la personne exposée sur la prévention, le traitement et le suivi sont des points essentiels. La conduite à tenir après un AES doit ainsi être connue de tous et le dispositif d'accueil pour évaluation du risque et prise en charge des victimes en permanence opérationnel. Abstract The transmission of an infectious disease can occur through exposure to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids, particularly in the event of skin-puncture injuries for healthcare workers, and during sexual intercourse. These situations are known as accidental blood exposures and sexual exposures respectively. Combined actions carried out have allowed to significantly reduce risks, either to healthcare professionals (by standard precautions, provision of safety devices, Hepatitis B vaccination made compulsory in the 1990s, antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis that should be initiated as soon as possible after exposure), or to people engaging in unprotected sex (by prevention messages, condom promotion, and antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis). In any case, treatment of people infected by chronic diseases such as HBV or HIV, as well as possible drug eradication of HCV, are key for decreasing post-exposure risk of disease transmission. Post-exposure prophylaxis should be initiated as early as possible and intended for use only in patients with high-risk exposures. Knowledge of source person serostatus, information of exposed person on prevention, benefits and risks of treatment, and follow-up procedure are key points. Procedures to be followed in the event of an exposure must be known by all. Arrangements set up to allow risk assessment and management of exposed people rely on hospital services operating on a permanent basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medicinal plants are a proven source of drug-like small molecules with activity towards targets relevant for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Plant species of the Apiaceae family have to date yielded a number of neuroactive metabolites, such as coumarin derivatives with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity or anti-seizure activity.Purpose: To accelerate the discovery of neuroactive phytochemicals with potential as CNS drug leads, we sought to rapidly isolate furanocoumarins, primary constituents of the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the fruits of Peucedanum alsaticum L. (Apiaceae), using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) and to evaluate their neuroactivity using both in vitro and in vivo microscale bioassays based on cholinesterase ELISAs and zebrafish epilepsy models.Research Methods and Procedure: In this study the DCM extract was subjected to HPCCC for the efficient separation (60 min) and isolation of furanocoumarins. Isolated compounds were identified with TOF-ESI-MS and NMR techniques and examined as inhibitors of AChE and BChE using ELISA microtiter assays. Anti-seizure properties of the extract and of the isolated compounds were evaluated using a zebrafish epilepsy model based on the GABAA antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which induces increased locomotor activity and seizure-like behavior.Results: The solvent system, composed of n-heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water (3:1:3:1, v/v/v/v), enabled the isolation of 2.63 mg lucidafuranocoumarin A (purity 98%) and 8.82 mg bergamottin (purity 96%) from 1.6 g crude DCM extract. The crude extract, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, exhibited a weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (9.63 ± 1.59%) and a moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) (49.41 ± 2.19%). Lucidafuranocoumarin A (100 µg/ml) was inactive against AChE but showed moderate inhibition towards BChE (40.66 ± 1.25%). The DCM extract of P. alsaticum fruits (0.62-1.75 µg/ml) and bergamottin (2-10 µm) exhibited weak anti-seizure activity, while lucidafuranocoumarin A (10-16 µm) was found to significantly inhibit PTZ-induced seizures. The percentage of seizure inhibition for the isolated compounds, at their most bioactive concentration, was 26% for bergamottin and 69% for lucidafuranocoumarin A.Conclusion: Our findings underscore the utility of HPCCC for the rapid isolation of rare coumarin derivatives, and the potential of microscale in vivo bioassays based on zebrafish disease models for the rapid assessment of neuroactivity of these drug-like natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'évaluation et la prise en charge des maladies du foie sont essentielles pour améliorer la survie des patients d'hématologie, notamment après greffe de cellules hématopoïétiques allogéniques. Donner un avis de consultant hépato-gastroentérologue est, en général, compliqué lorsque le patient a un cancer en cours de traitement, et qu'il développe un ictère, une prise de poids, une ascite, de la fièvre, des douleurs de l'hypochondre droit, et des tests hépatiques anormaux. Les avancées dans le domaine de la biologie moléculaire diagnostique et de l'imagerie ont rendu les démarches diagnostiques plus simples, et la biopsie hépatique n'est maintenant indiquée que dans de rares situations. Les algorithmes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques sont plus clairs pour orienter le clinicien et débuter rapidement un traitement. L'hématologie est une spécialité en pleine expansion et de nombreux médicaments arrivent sur le marché sans que leur sécurité hépatique soit parfaitement cernée. L'objectif de cette revue est de fournir au lecteur les clés pour être un praticien averti dans le domaine des maladies du foie des patients d'hématologie. The evaluation and management of liver diseases is essential to improve the survival of hematology patients, especially after transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic cells. The consulting hepatologist may never see a more complex patient than a patient with cancer who develops jaundice, fluid retention, fever, liver pain, and abnormal serum liver tests – and in contrast to the situation where patients have a single diagnosis, there may be multiple causes of liver dysfunction in such a patient. However, medical progress in liver imaging and molecular methods of viral diagnosis have made evaluations more straight-forward, such that liver biopsy can be confined to the most puzzling cases. Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are clearer in guiding the clinician and starting treatment quickly, but one long-term goal should be to prevent liver injury in the first place. Hematology is a growing specialty and many drugs are coming to the market without their liver safety being fully understood. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with the keys to be a knowledgeable practitioner in the field of liver disease in hematology patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a public health problem. Worldwide, there are about 170 million people infected with HCV. HCV is transmitted through sex and use of contaminated sharp objects during tattooing or intravenous drug abuse. These routes make youth to be more vulnerable. Transfusion and mother to child transmissions are also documented modes. This study was carried out to determine sero-prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among in school youth at Achievers University, Owo in southwest Nigeria. Samples of blood were collected from 70 undergraduate students and sera harvested were tested for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus by Enzyme Immunoassay Technique. Most participants fall within age range 21-25 (91.4%). The study showed that none of the subjects was positive for anti- HCV antibodies. Education and awareness level might have impacted positively on this outcome. Thus routine screening for HCV and sustained awareness creation activities to eradicate HCV and its attendant consequences from our society is of paramount importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: A nivel mundial la cirrosis representa una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad. En Guatemala no se cuenta con datos sobre las etiologías de la misma ni su frecuencia. Además, se ha demostrado que los pacientes infectados por virus hepatotropos, progresan más rápido hacia la muerte que los pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica de otras etiologías. Estos pacientes son el principal interés del estudio, ya que la progresión podría desacelerarse con el tratamiento antiviral adecuado. Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia de infección crónica por hepatitis B y C en pacientes cirróticos, las principales causas de la misma, motivos de consulta en la EMA (Emergencia de Medicina de Adultos) y coinfección con VIH. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo de 143 records médicos en la EMA (Emergencia de Adultos) de Gastroenterología del Hospital General San Juan de Dios, en los meses de octubre del 2017 a enero del 2018. Resultados: La ingesta excesiva de alcohol fue la principal causa de cirrosis, mientras que, los VHB y VHC son las principales causas de hepatopatía crónicas en países de primer mundo

Keywords: congenital; syphilis; maternal; RPR; TPPA; VDRL; VIH; VHB; VHC EN congenital syphilis maternal RPR TPPA VDRL VIH VHB VHC 1 2 2 02/22/23 20230101 NES 230101 Case Description and Discussion A 19-year-old pregnant woman from Ecuador was attended in the OB/GYN emergency department of La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) at 34 week of gestation. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis (CS) was confirmed with a positive IgG serology, IgM seroconversion, 1:64 titre of RPR, TTPA and a positive RT-PCR for I Treponema pallidum i both in the skin scraping and placenta.[1] Brain imaging and eye fundus imaging showed no damage. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To provide more accurate estimates of the prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) and their contributing factors among prisoners in Iran.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 6200 Iranian prisoners in 2015. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. HBV infection and HCV exposure status of the participants was determined by HBsAg and HCV antibodies blood tests using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analysed in STATA-12.Result: Prevalence of HCV exposure was 9.48% (95% CI: 8.73-10.27), and prevalence of HBV was 2.48% (95% CI: 2.07-2.89) in the general prison population. In multivariate analysis, the most important risk factor for HBV was a history of drug use in lifetime (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.17-3.02). The main risk factors for HCV exposure were a history of drug use in lifetime (AOR: 4.08, CI: 2.56-6.27), age over 30 (AOR: 2.68, CI: 2.01-3.56), and having tattoos (AOR = 1.67, CI: 1.35-2.07).Conclusion: Although vaccination is used to control HBV among prisoners, prevalence of HCV exposure is alarming in the prison population of Iran, especially among people who inject drugs. Eliminating viral hepatitis in Iran by 2030 requires a national commitment and rapid measures for targeting this high-risk group. Given the increased efficiency of HCV treatment in recent years, prisons provide an opportunity to access patients for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is distributed worldwide, often becomes in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV genome is a single-stranded RNA molecule of positive polarity approximately 9.6 kb in length. This review summarizes the current knowledge of recent advances in the investigation of the molecular biology of HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los accidentes por exposición percutánea, suponen aproximadamente un tercio de los accidentes laborales de los trabajadores de salud. Por categorías profesionales, la enfermería presenta la mayor frecuencia. Los agentes más importantes por su frecuencia y perjuicio son: el VHB, VIH y VHC. En la década de los 60 y 70, los científicos desarrollaron análisis de sangre para identificar hepatitis B (1963) y hepatitis A (1973), pero muchas de las muestras de sangre tomadas para detectar enfermedades producidas tras las transfusiones resultaron negativas tanto para hepatitis A como la hepatitis B. Caso Clínico: Mujer, 27 años de edad, profesional de enfermería en área de Medicina Interna, sufre accidente laboral tipo pinchazo con abbocath durante jornada del día 23/11/1989. Se realiza revisión de historia del paciente fuente y las respectivas pruebas confirmatorias, sin encontrarse datos de enfermedades transmisibles. Así mismo las analíticas realizadas en el enfermo y en la trabajadora resultaron negativos los marcadores virales para Hepatitis. 15 días posteriores, presenta clínica sugestiva de hepatitis. Se realiza analítica y seriado de enzimas hepáticas, evidenciándose hipertransaminemia y serología para hepatitis A y B negativos. Se inicia tratamiento médico; con buena evolución clínica y de laboratorio es dada de alta. Posteriormente en 1996, se realiza reconocimiento médico laboral, encontrándose positividad para VHC. En 2004 por antecedentes de accidente biológico, se localiza el paciente fuente, repitiéndose el control serológico, resultando positivo para el mismo virus, pudiendo ahora ser declarado como accidente laboral y enfermedad profesional, por demostrarse la relación entre paciente fuente y la trabajadora.

Of the 40 million donations screened with Nucleic acid testing (NAT) between July 2001 and December 2015 in France, 20 HIV-positive, 13 HCV-positive and 17 HBV (HBV-NAT was initiated in 2005 and extended to the whole country in 2010) donations were discarded thanks to NAT. The main benefit in terms of discarded donations is related to HBV with a yield of 0.88 per million donations, which is 12.5 and 1.8 times higher than for HCV and HIV respectively. The main risk factor found in these donors during the post donation interview was having sex with men for males ( n = 11, all repeat blood donors), having a partner HCV positive ( n = 6) or at-risk partner (originated from endemic area or HBV positive) for HBV ( n = 8) for HIV, HCV and HBV, respectively. Although the mean viral load was high for HIV (5.6 log copies/mL) and HCV (7 log IU/mL), HBV cases show low level of DNA (1.8 log IU/mL) demonstrating the need of a highly sensitive NAT assay. Overall, the clinical benefit for recipients remains those related to the prevention of HIV contaminations since HCV avoided transmissions are extremely rare (only one case in the last 5 years thanks to NAT) and the potential infectivity of HBV-NAT only positive cases is questionable due to the low level of HBV DNA and the presence of anti-HBs in more than a half of DNA positive/HBsAg and anti-HBc negative donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment by nucleoside or nucleotide analog (NUC) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment by interferon-based therapy or by a direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) combination significantly reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence. However, residual residual HCC risk depends on the severity of the underlying liver disease and comorbidities (alcohol or metabolic syndrome). HBV treatments by NUC reduce the risk of HCC recurrence and improve liver function. Sustained virological response (SVR) by interferon-based therapy or more frequently by DAAs combinations reduces HCC occurrence and recurrence. However, the long-term benefit of DAAs combinations needs to be evaluated by long term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]