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Subfamily Micronycterinae Van den Bussche, 1992 Two genera (Micronycteris and Lampronycteris) and 12 species are currently recognized in the subfamily Micronycterinae (Williams and Genoways, 2008; Larsen et al., 2011; Siles et al., 2013; Baker et al., 2016; Cirranello et al., 2016; Simmons and Cirranello, 2020). Members of this subfamily are small to medium-sized bats (forearm 32–46 mm) that can be recognized by the following combination of traits: noseleaf simple, with spear equal to or longer than twice the height of horseshoe; labial border of horseshoe fused to upper lip, forming a thickened ridge; chin with two dermal pads with smoothly rounded lateral margins; calcar equal to or longer than foot; ventral fur unicolored; and outer upper incisor in contact with canine (Cirranello et al., 2016). We recorded all seven micronycterine species expected to occur in the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on page 55, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Platyrrhinus fusciventris Velazco et al., 2010 Figure 26B VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 4): Jenaro Herrera (MUSM 871, 4217, 5526, 5598); see table 46 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: We captured three individuals of Platyrrhinus fusciventris at El Chino Village on 16 and 18 February 2019. IDENTIFICATION: Platyrrhinus fusciventris is distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characteristics: short and only moderately dense hair on the dorsal surface of feet; V-shaped notch in posterior margin of uropatagium; metacarpal III subequal to metacarpal V; fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch shallow; two cuspules on posterior cristid of the second upper premolar; M1 protocone well developed; stylar cuspule absent on lingual face of M2 paracone; and m2 hypoconid absent (Velazco et al., 2010a; López-Baucells et al., 2018). Descriptions and measurements of P. fusciventris were provided by Velazco et al. (2010a), Velazco and Lim (2014), and Rocha et al. (2018b). No subspecies are currently recognized (Velazco et al., 2010a). Ascorra et al. (1993) identified two specimens (MUSM 871, 5526) from Jenaro Herrera as Platyrrhinus helleri, but we reidentified them as P. fusciventris. The voucher material we examined conforms to previous descriptions of the species, with measurements that fall within the range of size variation previously documented for P. fusciventris. REMARKS: The only specimens of Platyrrhinus fusciventris accompanied by capture information from our region were taken in clearings and gardens around El Chino Village: two in groundlevel mistnets and one in a harp trap., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on page 108, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Platyrrhinus brachycephalus (Rouk and Carter, 1972) Figure 26A VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 16): Estación Biológica Madre Selva (MUSM 32847, 32875), Isla Muyuy (MUSM 21222), Isla Padre (MUSM 4211, 4213, 4361), Jenaro Herrera (MUSM 5927), Quebrada Betilia (MUSA 15166), Quebrada Esperanza (FMNH 89095), Quebrada Lobo (MUSA 15113), Quebrada Pantaleón (MUSA 15253), Orosa (AMNH 73990–73993, 74013); see table 46 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: One individual of Platyrrhinus brachycephalus was captured at Tapiche during the Sierra del Divisor Rapid Biological Inventory (Jorge and Velazco, 2006), and we captured one individual at El Chino Village on 16 February 2019. IDENTIFICATION: Platyrrhinus brachycephalus is a widely distributed Amazonian species that also occurs in the montane forests of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (Velazco, 2005). It can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the following characteristics: small size (forearm P. brachycephalus were provided by Rouk and Carter (1972), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Williams and Genoways (1980a), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Velazco (2005), Velazco et al. (2010a), and Velazco and Lim (2014). Two subspecies are currently recognized: P. b. brachycephalus (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia) and P. b. saccharus (northeastern Venezuela and the Guianas) (Gardner, 2008f). Ascorra et al. (1993) and Medina et al. (2015) correctly identified their material from Jenaro Herrera, Quebrada Betilia, Quebrada Lobo, and Quebrada Pantaleón as Platyrrhinus brachycephalus. The voucher material we examined from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve conforms to previous descriptions of P. b. brachycephalus, with measurements that fall within the range of size variation previously documented for the subspecies. REMARKS: All three recorded captures of Platyrrhinus brachycephalus accompanied by ecological information from our region were in mistnets: one in an elevated net in a clearing, another in a ground-level net in a clearing, and a third in a ground-level net in primary forest., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Eptesicus furinalis (d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847) Figure 32 VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 2): Jenaro Herrera (ROM 122089, 122178); see table 59 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: We captured six individuals of Eptesicus furinalis between 16 and 21 February 2019 on the Tahuayo expedition, five at El Chino Village and one at Frog Valley. This species was also identified using acoustic methods during the CEBIO bat course at Jenaro Herrera in 2012. IDENTIFICATION: Eptesicus furinalis can be distinguished from other Neotropical congeners by its medium size (forearm 36–43 mm, greatest length of skull> 15 mm), relatively short (Eptesicus furinalis have been provided by Davis (1966), Barquez et al. (1999), Lim et al. (2005), Davis and Gardner (2008), and Sánchez et al. (2019). Two subspecies are currently recognized: E. f. furinalis (northern Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay) and E. f. gaumeri (Mexico southward throughout Central America to Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia) (Davis and Gardner, 2008). Based on geography, material from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve should correspond to E. f. gaumeri, but this species is highly variable across its distribution, and the last revision of the genus (Davis, 1966) did not include any Peruvian samples. Until larger samples and genetic data become available, we recommend against formally recognizing subspecies of E. furinalis. The two specimens from Jenaro Herrera conform to previous descriptions of Eptesicus furinalis, with measurements that fall within the range of size variation previously documented for the species. The material we examined in the field at El Chino Village conformed to previous descriptions of the species, with yellowish ventral fur and external measurements that were within the range of size variation previously documented for Eptesicus furinalis. REMARKS: Of the eight recorded captures of Eptesicus furinalis from our region, three were taken in ground-level mistnets, two were taken in elevated nets, and three were taken in harp traps. Two captures were in primary forest and six were in clearings., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on pages 131-132, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Artibeus (Dermanura) bogotensis (Andersen, 1906) VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 1): Jenaro Herrera (MUSM 1320); see table 40 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: None. IDENTIFICATION: Artibeus bogotensis was originally described (Andersen, 1906b) as a subspecies of A. cinereus. It was subsequently variously treated as a subspecies of A. cinereus (e.g., by Andersen, 1906b, 1908; Cabrera, 1958; Koopman, 1994) or A. glaucus (e.g., by Handley, 1987; Simmons, 2005; Marques-Aguiar, 2008a), until Lim et al. (2008) raised it to full species rank. Artibeus bogotensis can be distinguished from other species in the subgenus Dermanura by the following combination of characteristics: palebrown to grayish dorsal pelage; tricolored dorsal fur; distinct white facial stripes; margins of ear pale cream or whitish; entire forearm covered by long, dense fur; uropatagium dark brown and sparsely furred; rostrum short, slender, and elevated (tilted upward); posterior palatal border V-shaped, with nearly straight sides; impression of optic nerve in orbit well developed; angular process well developed but not reaching the level of the condyloid process; second upper premolar caniniform; M1 with narrow talon; and m3 absent (Handley, 1987; Lim et al., 2008; Calderón and Pacheco, 2012; Solari, 2019b). Descriptions and measurements of A. bogotensis have been provided by Andersen (1906b, 1908), Handley (1987), Lim et al. (2005), Lim et al. (2008), and Calderón and Pacheco (2012). No subspecies are currently recognized (Lim et al., 2008). Ascorra et al. (1993) identified the specimen from Jenaro Herrera as Artibeus gnomus, but Calderón and Pacheco (2012) subsequently reidentified it as A. bogotensis, an assessment with which we concur. This specimen is the only record of the species in Peru. REMARKS: No ecological information accompanies the single recorded capture of Artibeus bogotensis from our region., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on page 98, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Platyrrhinus infuscus (Peters, 1880) VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 8): Nuevo San Juan (AMNH 272841, 272842, 273047, 273048; MUSM 13242, 15259, 15288, 15289); see table 47 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: None. IDENTIFICATION: Platyrrhinus infuscus is known from eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil (Velazco, 2005; Gardner, 2008f). This species is distinguished from other congeners by its large size (forearm> 54 mm); buffy to dark-brown dorsal fur; inconspicuous facial and dorsal stripes; short, sparse fur on the dorsal surfaces of the feet; second lower molar with a posterolabial cuspulid; M1 parastyle present; and m1 metaconid well developed (Velazco, 2005; Gardner, 2008f; López-Baucells et al., 2018). Descriptions and measurements of P. infuscus have been provided by Cabrera (1958), Gardner and Carter (1972), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Velazco (2005), Velazco and Gardner (2009), and Velazco and Patterson (2019). No subspecies are currently recognized (Gardner, 2008f). Fleck et al. (2002) correctly identified their specimens from Nuevo San Juan as Platyrrhinus infuscus. Their voucher material conforms to previous descriptions of the species, with measurements that fall within the previously documented range of intraspecific size variation. REMARKS: The only specimens of Platyrrhinus infuscus accompanied by capture information from our region were collected near Nuevo San Juan, where two were taken in ground-level mistnets in primary forest, one was taken in a ground-level net in secondary vegetation, and five were taken from roosts. We found two roosts of this species, both of them beneath undercut stream banks in primary forest. The first group, encountered on 4 September 1999, consisted of an adult male and three adult females. The second group, encountered on 26 October 1999, also consisted of four individuals, but only a single adult female was collected. Neither roost contained other species of bats. This species was previously known to roost in caves (Tuttle, 1970; Gardner and Carter, 1972), 12 but, as noted by Gardner (2008f: 337), “the species obviously uses other types of roosts because caves and grottos are scarce in the western Amazon basin,” where it is widely distributed. Our observations from Nuevo San Juan suggest that undercut stream banks may be the typical roost of Platyrrhinus infuscus in caveless terrain, but Garbino and Tavares (2018) recorded a single instance of this species roosting in a hollow tree., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Vampyrodes caraccioli (Thomas, 1889) Figure 29 VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 1): Quebrada Lobo (MUSA 15124); see table 51 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: One individual of Vampyrodes caraccioli was captured at Tapiche during the Sierra del Divisor Rapid Biological Inventory (Jorge and Velazco, 2006), and we captured a single individual at El Chino Village on 18 February 2019 (fig. 29). IDENTIFICATION: Before the revision by Velazco and Simmons (2011), Vampyrodes caraccioli was the sole member of the genus and was thought to range from Mexico to eastern Brazil. Two subspecies (V. c. caraccioli and V. c. major) were traditionally recognized (Koopman, 1994; Gardner, 2008j). After morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, Velazco and Simmons (2011) concluded that the two subspecies represented distinct species, of which only V. caraccioli sensu stricto is known to occur in South America east of the Andes. Vampyrodes caraccioli can be distinguished from other cis-Andean stenodermatines by the following characteristics: prominent white dorsal stripe and conspicuous white facial stripes, bicolored dorsal fur, tricolored ventral fur, presence of a fringe of hairs on the edge of the uropatagium, lingual cingula absent at the bases of the metacones of the upper molars, lack of M3, the presence of two cuspules on the posterior cristid of the second upper premolar, and lingual cingulid absent on the first lower molar (Gardner, 2008j; Velazco and Simmons, 2011). Descriptions and measurements of V. caraccioli were provided by Husson (1954), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Lim et al. (2005), Velazco et al. (2010b), Velazco and Simmons (2011), Carvalho et al. (2014), Lopes et al. (2016), and Althoff et al. (2017). No subspecies are currently recognized (Velazco and Simmons, 2011). Medina et al. (2015) identified the specimen from Quebrada Lobo as Vampyrodes caraccioli based only on external characters because the skull had not been removed from the body. Nevertheless, the provenance of the specimen in addition to the presence of a few characteristics observable in fluid specimens (presence of a fringe of hairs on the edge of the uropatagium, lack of M3, and the presence of two cuspules on the posterior cristid of the second upper premolar) confirms the identity of the specimens as V. caraccioli., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on pages 121-122, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 15): Quebrada Esperanza (FMNH 89002–89012, 89161–89164); see table 14 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: None. IDENTIFICATION: Noctilio leporinus is easily distinguished from N. albiventris by its larger size (wingspan about 500 mm; length of foot> 25 mm; forearm> 73 mm; length of maxillary toothrow> 10 mm), including especially long hindlimbs, large feet, and well-developed claws that it uses for gaffing fish (Hood and Jones, 1984; Gardner, 2008a; López-Baucells et al., 2018). Descriptions and measurements of N. leporinus were provided by Husson (1962, 1978), Ceballos-Bendezú (1968), Davis (1973), Hood and Jones (1984), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Although three subspecies have traditionally been recognized (e.g., by Davis, 1973; Simmons, 2005; Gardner, 2008a), recent molecular studies support the recognition of only two: N. l. leporinus (in South America east of the Andes extending north into eastern Panama) and N. l. mastivus (distributed from Mexico south into the lowlands west of the Andes, with an additional population in Jamaica) (Pavan et al., 2013; Khan et al., 2014). Ceballos-Bendezú (1968) correctly identified the specimens from Quebrada Esperanza as Noctilio leporinus. Our comparisons indicate that these specimens are morphologically indistinguishable from specimens from Bolivia (e.g., AMNH 210666), Brazil (e.g., AMNH 91943), and French Guiana (e.g., AMNH 265974). This result is congruent with the genetic findings of Pavan et al. (2013) and Khan et al. (2014) and suggests that the Quebrada Esperanza specimens should be referred to N. l. leporinus. REMARKS: No ecological information accompanies the unique series from Quebrada Esperanza, which was obtained by C. Kalinowski in 1957, but from the fact that these specimens were collected on three different dates (1 on 23 September, 10 on 25 September, and 4 on 26 September), we infer the probable occurrence of multiple capture events. Because mistnets were seldom employed in the 1950s, these bats were probably shot at night by jacklight or taken from diurnal roosts., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on page 30, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316

Platyrrhinus angustirostris Velazco et al., 2010 VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 2): Jenaro Herrera (MUSM 5500, 5928); see table 46 for measurements. UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: None. IDENTIFICATION: Platyrrhinus angustirostris can be distinguished from conspecific species by the following characteristics: long, dense fur on dorsal surface of feet; U-shaped posterior margin of uropatagium; metacarpal V shorter than metacarpal III; fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch shallow; three cuspules on posterior cristid of the second upper premolar; M1 protocone well developed; stylar cuspule absent on lingual face of M2 paracone; and m2 hypoconid absent (Velazco et al., 2010a). Descriptions and measurements of P. angustirostris were provided by Velazco et al. (2010a) and Velazco and Lim (2014). No subspecies are currently recognized (Velazco et al., 2010a). Ascorra et al. (1993) identified their specimens from Jenaro Herrera as Platyrrhinus helleri, but we reidentified them as P. angustirostris. REMARKS: No ecological data accompanies either specimen we examined., Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M., Voss, Robert S., Fleck, David W. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2021, Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats, pp. 1-201 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (451) on page 107, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.451.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5415316