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Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cruise tourism has a great share in marine tourism and appears to be a fast-growing and income-generating sector in the travel industry. The cruise industry, which has a worldwide income of over 27 billion dollars, contributes to employment through the job opportunities it offers. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there is a short- and long-term co-integration relationship between the number of cruise tourists in the world and the world unemployment rate. In this context, data between 1991 and 2019 were analyzed using the Granger causality and vector error correction (VECM) methods. According to the results, there is an equilibrium relationship between the two series in the long term, a 1% change in the number of world cruise tourists reduces the world unemployment rate by 7.6%, and an imbalance between the two series in the short term will reach equilibrium after approximately three years.

Cruise tourism has a great share in marine tourism and appears to be a fast-growing and income-generating sector in the travel industry. The cruise industry, which has a worldwide income of over 27 billion dollars, contributes to employment through the job opportunities it offers. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there is a short- and long-term co-integration relationship between the number of cruise tourists in the world and the world unemployment rate. In this context, data between 1991 and 2019 were analyzed using the Granger causality and vector error correction (VECM) methods. According to the results, there is an equilibrium relationship between the two series in the long term, a 1% change in the number of world cruise tourists reduces the world unemployment rate by 7.6%, and an imbalance between the two series in the short term will reach equilibrium after approximately three years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a vector error correction model to investigate the relationship between polluting emissions and GDP levels in Japan, in the period 1970-2014, and tests the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis driven by tourist arrivals. Our results validate the existence of two different causality channels among the selected variables. In particular, we find that a trade-off might exist between increasing the number of tourists, which drives economic growth, and the pattern of a sustainable development, due to the increase of polluting emissions. The analysis allows us to propose appropriate policy strategies to promote a robust and sustainable long run economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallel to the ever-increasing world population, the demand for animal-derived protein is also increasing. Countries are reviewing animal production growth and development to cover the increasing demand for animal-derived protein. On the other hand, there are intense discussions regarding the protection of the natural resource base and the global environment. The Agricultural Organization (FAO), is considering the concerns at the focus of the discussions, is developing strategies and policy proposals, especially in developing countries, on issues regarding sustainable animal agriculture. In this case, generally, agriculture policies of countries and livestock support policies in particular are important. In addition, the supports are a driving force in the development of animal genetics, increasing the number of animals, development of animal breeds, and enhancing animal welfare. For Turkey, which has a large and growing population, this issue is very important. It is noteworthy in terms of the support for animal production to provide sustainable livestock in Turkey, especially in agricultural policies. In this sense, as a primary target in Turkey, to accelerate the animal presence, a systematic and increasing rate of support payments per animal have been realized since 2000s. In the present study, it was investigated whether livestock support policies had effects on ensuring sustainable livestock in Turkey, moreover the presence of a causality relation between animal presence and support policies was also examined. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed to explain the causal relationships. The analyses were applied to the panel dataset for the period of 2004-2014 at the European Union regional statistics system (Nomenclature d'Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS) Level 2 (26 sub-regions) regions. According to VECM results, a bilateral causality was determined between the support payments applied in the short term and animal presence. The result showed that livestock support policies implemented in Turkey is important for the sustainability of animal production. The geographical conditions and the level of economic development of each region in Turkey must be considered, and special support items must be provided at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France has retained its position as the world's favourite tourism destination. Accounting for around 83 million visitors and 4.2% of the total employment, the tourism sector in France contributes to nearly 9% of the total GDP. However, as reported by the World Tourism Organization, road and air travel related to tourism activities account for approximately 10% of the total CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, thereby contributing to severe air pollution. Thus, initiatives are necessary to prevent environmental damage that could have a corresponding detrimental effect on the tourism industry itself and slow down the country's economic growth. This study utilises a vector error correction model (VECM) to investigate the relationship between polluting emissions, GDP levels, and tourism flows in France to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the period 1995-2014. Additionally, based on a joint analysis of long-run parameters and causality links, appropriate policy strategies are proposed to promote robust and sustainable long-run economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines whether the Russian economy exhibits the symptoms of the Dutch Disease over the transition period begun in the early 1990s. Five warning signs have been detected, namely, a real exchange rate appreciation (1); a flourishing economic situation pushed by higher oil prices (2); a relative de-industrialisation (3); an export reduction in the non-booming-sector (4) and a real wage growth (5). The first three symptoms are estimated simultaneously in a VECM dimension. The results suggest the existence of three long-run cointegrating vectors, thus confirming the presence of the first three symptoms. Specifically, a 10% oil price shock leads to a real appreciation by 4%, a rise in GDP by 3% and a decline in domestic manufacturing production vis-à-vis service production by another 3%. Finally, a number of manufacturing exports have been crowded out and real wages have recorded important increases. To a certain extent, this corroborates the presence of symptom 4 and 5. The paper concludes that the risk of the Dutch Disease exists, and two preventive thrusts of action could be undertaken to reduce its threat: namely to diversify the economy and to hold back the appreciation of the exchange rate through targeted fiscal and monetary policies. These instruments would render Russia less vulnerable to exogenous shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]