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The main objective of this article is to identify and describe characteristic patterns of language choices in texts written by Norwegian upper secondary school students of German as a foreign language (GFL) (age 16/17, school year 12, 5th year of FL learning). The study maps language choices in a set of 12 learner responses to a writing prompt about interpreting a film title. The aim of the study is to describe these choices in terms of how the learners use ideational meaning-making resources to arrive at meaningful content. The study takes a systemic functional linguistics (SFL) approach and analyses the responses in terms of the following lexicogrammatical and discourse semantic systems of resources: Transitivity, taxonomic and logico-semantic relations. The study finds several strategies and language choices that presented themselves as particularly relevant for meaning-making. For example, the learners reach an interpretation through clauses relating two messages to each other, and one of those two messages is typically structured in a complex way. Overall, the study provides insights into relevant patterns for expository writing in general and such that seem important to the particular context in which the response was situated. The article also points to the sophistication of the learners’ language use and the linguistic demands regarding the task at hand. In line with existing research, the current study also shows how SFL and genre theory can be successfully applied to the analysis of responses by beginner to intermediate GFL learners. Paid open access

This article explores the development of sentence complexity in the writing of young learners of Spanish as the third language (L3) learned in Norwegian schools. Learning to write in a foreign language is a complex process, and a novice learner will start to write simple sentences that develop over time. To track this development, the present study investigates texts written by learners of Spanish from the first and second year of upper secondary school (school years 11-12, ages 16-17) as their ordinary schoolwork. The texts are collected as part of the TRAWL (Tracking Written Learner Language) corpus and show how learners write in an authentic school context. To address sentence development, the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions is analyzed. The findings indicate that most pupils use y (and) and pero (but) to coordinate clauses. In subordinate clauses, que is frequently used to introduce relative clauses and porque to introduce causal clauses. There are only a few examples of a more varied use of conjunctions, indicating individual differences in the process of developing sentence complexity. The studied features are estimated to be acquired at the A1 level in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), while the pupils in this study are expected to be at the A2 level. The findings show that there may be a discrepancy between the pupils’ actual knowledge and the expected knowledge according to the reference levels.

This study investigates how in-service teachers perceive analyzing their own lower secondary students’ written argumentation as useful. The participants were lower secondary school teachers enrolled in a university mathematics teaching program. The teachers planned and conducted a teaching lesson and wrote a report concerning the argumentation in their students' written work. The qualitative data consist of reports from in-service teachers and transcriptions of five follow-up interviews. Findings suggest that the teachers perceived the analysis useful for gaining insight into various parts of the students' prerequisites, establishing a basis for facilitating instruction, and acquiring knowledge related to different aspects of proof. The results imply that analyzing students' argumentation can be a meaningful and useful activity for in-service teachers to engage in.

To identify and describe the aims, methodological approaches, and major findings of studies on the use of STT among secondary pupils (age 12-18) with learning difficulties published from January 2000 to April 2022.This scoping review includes empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature between January 2000 and April 2022. Searches were conducted in April 2022 in three databases: ERIC, PsycINFO and Scopus. In addition, related reviews were manually screened for relevant papers.Eight peer-revied studies and five publications of grey literature were found to meet the inclusion criteria; two studies employed experimental designs, four employed quasi-experimental designs and seven employed explorative designs. Six studies described STT as an assistive technology (a compensatory aid for poor writing performance); two assessed STT as an instructional technology to determine whether it improves overall writing and related skills (e.g., reading). Results suggest that STT may increase pupils' abilities to produce texts with fewer errors, provide help with spelling and improve reading comprehension and word recognition. To date, there is a paucity of high-quality research on the use of STT among adolescents with LD.The scoping review shows that very little research has been conducted on the use of STT for adolescents with learning difficulties in secondary education. Findings from the studies identified five areas of interest: writing related skills, text assessment, writing processes, accuracy of the technology, and participants' experiences. Findings indicate that writing performance among students with learning difficulties improves when using STT. Parents, teachers, and pupils report positive experiences with the technology, particularly for students with severe reading and writing difficulties.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThere is a great need for more robust research on the use of speech-to-text technology (STT) in educational settings, especially on its effect on writing skillsStudies describe STT as either an assistive (a compensatory aid for poor writing performance) or instructional technology (aiming to improve learning in general). It is important that practitioners are aware of the different aims and possible consequences of introducing STT to learners with writing difficulties.STT provides both opportunities and challenges for writers with learning difficulties in secondary education. Findings indicate that writing performance among students with learning difficulties improves when using STT, yet inaccuracy of the technology was presented as one of the main challenges.Parents, teachers, and pupils report positive experiences with the technology, particularly for students with severe reading and writing difficulties.

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Studien retter seg mot høytlesningspraksiser i barnehagen, og belyser samspillet rundt bøker som finner sted mellom barnehageansatte og barn, avgrenset til småbarn (0–3 år). Til grunn for diskusjonene er et videomateriale på 27 ti-minutters sekvenser. Filmene stammer fra forskningsprosjektet Blikk for barn (2012–2017), og viser ulike situasjoner på småbarnsavdelinger med varierende samspill rundt bøker. Artikkelen undersøker hvordan og i hvilken grad personalet griper mulighetene for å skape lesestunder med de yngste barna og slik oppnå felles oppmerksomhet – «joint attention» (Tomasello, 1999). Funnene viser at det bare i seks av de 27 videosekvensene dannes en lesestund med felles oppmerksomhet. Forholdet mellom den ansattes rolle og ansvar som litteraturformidler på den ene siden, og barns medvirkning på den andre, er sentralt i diskusjonen. Artikkelen argumenterer for at det å legge til rette for felles oppmerksomhet kan være en måte å sørge for barns medvirkning på, fordi det innebærer å fange opp hva de yngste barna, med sin multimodale uttrykksform (Thuresson, 2021), engasjerer seg i, og anerkjenne at en lesestund er en verdifull fellesaktivitet som ikke etableres av seg selv. This study examines reading practices in Early Childhood Eduacation and Care (ECEC) with focus on interactions taking place between the pedagogical staff and children in different reading situations, limited to young children (0–3 years). The discussions are based on a video material of 27 ten-minute sequences where all orginate from the research project Searching for qualities. All the sequences include pedagogical staff and children under the age of three dealing with books in some way. The article investigates how, and to what extent, the staff seizes the opportunities for a story time to take place and thereby achieve «joint attention» (Tomasello, 1999). A result is that story times with joint attention only occur in six of the sequences. The relationship between, on one hand, the employee’s role and responsibility as a storyteller and, on the other, children’s participation, is a central part of the discussion. The article argues that facilitating joint attention can be a way to ensure children’s participation. This is because it involves capturing what the youngest children, with their multimodal form of expression (Thuresson, 2021), engage in and recognize. We argue that a story time is a valuable joint activity, but that it is not established without an effort.

© James Lees, Lucrezia Gorini, Stian Torjussen, Margarida Oliveira, Paula Pinto, Maria Potes Barbas, Madalena Martins, Melanie S. Jones, Victoria Sheppard, Ana Petronilho and Margarida Trindade. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial & non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of best practice towards enhancing employability in the cross-sectoral labour market for doctorate-holders. This was achieved through an Erasmus+ KA2 (Strategic Partnership) skills development project which created a training programme (TRANSPEER) involving a multi-disciplinary cohort of researchers at a range of career stages, drawn from universities in Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. Design/methodology/approach: Research support staff designed and delivered four transnational training events for the cohort, with the overarching theme of enhancing researcher employability. An initial skills awareness survey of the researcher cohort was undertaken prior to the start of the programme; this survey was repeated after each event. An additional aim of the project was the development of the consortium’s research support staff through exposure to the facilitation techniques and methodologies of their international colleagues. Findings: The findings indicate that transnational collaboration in researcher development enhances the learning environment for participating researchers and provides significant professional development opportunities for both researchers and researcher developers. The findings further suggest the benefits of mixing cohorts across career stages and engaging researchers with novel and interactive approaches on themes not typically addressed in academic competence development offerings. Originality/value: Transversal skills development cooperation between universities – especially transnational cooperation – is rare. Even more so is the professional development of research support staff in a transnational context. This paper outlines the benefits of such collaborative activities.

Despite the efforts of the government of Uganda to train school leaders in the Karamoja region, the enrolment and completion rate of Karamojong pupils in Moroto municipality primary schools remains low. Previous research attributes this to historical and environmental factors that promote Karamojong parents’ failure to attach value to formal education. This study analyses the leadership impact of Karamojong teachers on the enrolment and retention of learners in schools. It adopts an exploratory qualitative approach to gather data using interviews, informal conversations, field observations, and secondary documents from 15 participants using purposive sampling techniques, namely headteachers, deputy headteachers, directors of studies, heads of departments, and parents to examine the organizational structure of government primary schools in Moroto Municipality and identify the practices that influence enrolment and retention. The intercultural educational leadership framework and the concept of Indigenous relatedness in the educational setting guided the thematic analysis of the data. The findings show that involving learners in cocurricular activities, guidance and counselling, academic performance, provision of meals, and involving parents in decision making were key activities in the retention of learners in school. Some parents do remain opposed to having their children in school and argue that formal education erodes Karamojong traditions and values.

The integral development of the child is nowadays one of the goals of education, which implies the use of activities and strategies that involve the various dimensions of the human being in a comprehensive way. This paper aims to describe and analyse the potential of the pedagogical model of the Erasmus+Vidukids project to develop ‘Heads-on’, ‘Hearts-on’, ‘Hands-on’ activities. The project aims to explore the use of video production about mathematics by children aged 4-8 years old. The pedagogical matrix involves different levels of complexity in video production, mathematical topics such as numbers, shapes, space and tasks such as‘An explorer mission’, ‘A story with mathematical content’, ‘Solving a mathematical problem’. Based on a Vidukids activity in which 60 trainees from bachelor courses in educational areas participated, there was immediate involvement in the video production task and the resources needed for the narrative. The analysis of the videos produced and the answers to a questionnaire showed high levels of satisfaction, perception of various learning experiences, either in terms of video production, the visual representation of mathematical concepts and also transversal competencies. This demonstrates how an activity can enhance different skills and contribute to integral education. Heads-on, hands-on, hearts-on: Educators' perceptions on ViduKids contributions to integral education Con la cabeza, con las manos, con el corazón: percepciones de los educadores del proyecto vidukids de educación integral

This article systematically reviews the literature (313 articles) on language and communication in international students’ cross-cultural adaptation in institutions of higher education for 1994–2021. We used bibliometric analysis to identify the most impactful journals and articles, and the intellectual structure of the field. We used content analysis to synthesize the results within each research stream and suggest future research directions. We established two major research streams: second-language proficiency and interactions in the host country. We found inconclusive results about the role of communication with co-nationals in students’ adaptation, which contradicts the major adaptation theories. New contextualized research and the use of other theories could help explain the contradictory results and develop the existing theories. Our review suggests the need to theoretically refine the interrelationships between the interactional variables and different adaptation domains. Moreover, to create a better fit between the empirical data and the adaptation models, research should test the mediating effects of second-language proficiency and the willingness to communicate with locals. Finally, research should focus on students in non-Anglophone countries and explore the effects of remote communication in online learning on students’ adaptation. We document the intellectual structure of the research on the role of language and communication in international students’ adaptation and suggest a future research agenda.

In response to a growing concern about bullying and victimisation at universities, this study examined students’ perceptions of the university learning environment (LE) concerning their experience of various negative behaviours and victimisation at the University of Ghana (Legon Campus) and the University of Cape Coast in Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional survey of 751 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and regression analysis indicated how students’ perceptions of the universities’ LE related to students’ bullying experiences. The results revealed an inverse relationship between students’ perceptions of the LE and their experiences of negative behaviours and victimisation, implying that any improvement in the LE would reduce students’ bullying experiences. It suggests that awareness of anti-bullying rules, which are strictly, fairly, and consistently enforced through participatory democratic principles, would be essential to ensure a positive psychosocial LE.

This paper documents how the limit concept is treated in high school, at a university and in teacher education in England, France and Sweden. To this end we make use of vignettes, data-grounded accounts of the situation at the three levels in the three countries. These are analysed using the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD). While university praxeologies are relatively similar across the three countries, greater differences manifest themselves in high school and teacher education. For instance, at the high school level, in France a local praxeology on the limits of sequences is taught, which is not the case in England or Sweden. Results from the analysis of limits are extrapolated to comment on implications for the teaching of calculus, and for teacher education, in the three countries. The paper also raises methodological issues in our approach.

Copyright © 2022 Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 License (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Vi ser eit auka fokus på innovasjon i høgare utdanning for å møta utfordringar i framtida. Det er ei målsetjing med utdanninga å utrusta studentane med eigna kunnskapar og dugleikar, slik at dei kan bidra til fellesskapet og arbeidsmarknaden med nytenking og kreativitet. Kvalifikasjonsrammeverket har som målsetjing å klargjera og fanga opp utbyte til studentane og legg samstundes føringar på kva innhaldet i utdanninga bør legga vekt på. Spørsmålet er om rammeverket bidreg til innovasjon og nytenking, eller om ein samlebandsideologi og standardiserte læringsutbyteskildringar har ført til ei instrumentell tilnærming til kunnskap som stikk kjeppar i hjula for kreativitet og mogelegheitene for innovasjon. Gjennom ei konseptuell tilnærming diskuterer artikkelen mogelegheiter og utfordringar for innovasjon i rammeverket med utgangspunkt i ulike syn på og oppfatningar av læringsutbyte og tileigning av kunnskap. Artikkelen viser at innovativ læring og innovasjonsprosessar er utfordrande å målsetja og vurdera og inneber læring som ikkje alltid kan fastsetjast på førehand eller stykkast opp i standardiserte skildringar av kunnskap. Det ser dermed ut til at ei instrumentell og policystyrt tilnærming til utforming av læringsutbyte står i fare for å fremja strategisk og instrumentell etterleving i staden for kritisk, analytisk tenking, som er kjenneteikn på eigenskapar for innovasjon, noko som kan gjera det utfordrande å sigra over samlebandsideologien. Abstract There is an increased focus on innovation in higher education to address future challenges. Higher education aims to provide students with relevant knowledge and skills to contribute to society and the labor market with innovative and creative thinking. The qualifications framework aims to prepare and capture student outcomes and provide guidelines for what content to emphasize. The question is whether the qualifications framework contributes to this or whether an assembly line ideology and learning outcome descriptions capturing individual student’s outcomes have led to an instrumental approach to knowledge that puts a spoke in the wheel for creativity and the potential for innovation. This article discusses opportunities and challenges for innovation in the framework based on different views and perceptions of learning outcomes and knowledge acquisition through a conceptual approach. The article shows that innovative learning and innovation processes are challenging to target, evaluate, and involve learning that cannot easily be determined in advance or broken down into standardized depictions of knowledge. Thus, an instrumental and policy-driven approach to the design of learning outcomes is in danger of promoting strategic and instrumental compliance instead of critical, analytical thinking that is characteristic of the attributes of innovation.

This study is based on data from a national survey of generalist student teachers specialising in music in the new five-year primary and lower secondary school teacher education programme in Norway. The study aims to map students’ backgrounds, experiences of the educational programme and visions for their future practice as generalist music teachers in schools. The theoretical perspective is cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). The findings suggest that generalist teacher education music programmes reproduce patterns of inequality. These patterns should be addressed in the future development of the programmes; however, the current lack of diversity may inhibit conditions for transformation and change.

This thesis is focusing on the exercise as an event in live art, participatory art and live art education. The thesis looks at the potential of exercises to facilitate for an inclusive space and the unknown future. The thesis consists of four peer-reviewed published articles and a summary article (“kappe” in Norwegian). The studies are practice-led research, using a diffractive analysis, based on the authors performances, live installations, workshops and teaching within live art. This thesis, as well as the artistic practice, is interdisciplinary. It lies at the intersections between artistic practice and research, performance studies, art pedagogy and post qualitative inquiry, drawing from a theoretical framework of posthumanism and new materialism, more specifically agential realism. The special interest here is in what way exercises can be active agents and operate as part of a complex landscape in intra-action with the surroundings to initiate action, meanings, knowledge and questioning. The thesis shows how the material-discursive exercises are performative agents that are in intra-action with the environment in multiple ways, and that what an exercise can be is manifold. The different studies emphasise performative agents, such as place/site, audience, performer, embodiment, formulation, materiality/performance objects, time, social media, multiplicity and affect. By being aware of the complex process regarding how the entities are organised, how the exercises are mediated and how they might intra-act, it is possible to accommodate an event, which can lead to a space for participation, inclusion, diversity, and unpredictability. The exercises have potentials for imagining and creating new realities and can contribute to the continuous development of live art and its pedagogy. Keywords: intra-action, exercises, performance art, live art, pedagogy, participation, artistic research, future practice, unpredictability

Oppdragsgiver: Norges Trafikkskoleforbund Tema for studien er hvilken betydning trafikklæreres tilstedeværelse kan ha for elevaktiviteten og elevenes opplevde læringsutbytte i de innledende og avsluttende delene av sikkerhetskurs på øvingsbane førerkortklasse B. Studien omhandler både intensjonene i opplæringen, hva som faktisk skjer og lærernes og elevenes opplevelser og erfaringer rundt dette. Studien har en kvalitativ tilnærming med intervju, spørreskjema, observasjoner og dokumentanalyse som metoder. Studien viser at trafikklærerne er delte i sine erfaringer, opplevelser og tanker knyttet til lærerens til stede værelse på innledning og avslutning av sikkerhetskurs på veg. Elevene derimot er samstemte i sine opplevelser og ønsker at lærerne skal være til stede. Erfaringene og opplevelsene blant lærerne og elevene er i fremstillingen supplert med funn fra læreplananalysen og observasjoner av undervisning. Rapporten løfter en del perspektiver og problemstillinger knyttet til dette og er tenkt som et diskusjonsgrunnlag i det videre arbeidet. Abstract: The subject of the study is what significance the presence of traffic teachers can have on student activity and the students' perceived learning outcomes in the introductory and concluding parts of a safety course drivers license category B. The study deals with both the intentions of the training, what actually happens and the teachers' and pupils' experiences around this. The study has a qualitative approach with interviews, questionnaires, observations and document analysis as methods. The study shows that the traffic teachers are divided in their experiences, experiences and thoughts related to the teacher's presence at the start and end of Safety skid pan courses. The students, on the other hand, are unanimous in their experiences and want the teachers to be present. The experiences of the teachers and students are supplemented in the presentation with findings from the curriculum analysis and observations of teaching. The report raises a number of perspectives and issues related to this and is intended as a basis for discussion in further work.

Høgskolen i Innlandet har på oppdrag av Direktoratet for høyere utdanning og kompetanse (HK-dir) gjennomført en undersøkelse av utdannings- og videreutdanningstilbud innen karriereveiledning, med særlig fokus på tilbud rettet mot ansatte i skolen. Denne rapporten belyser tre sentrale tema i utvikling av en profesjonell karriereveiledningstjeneste, med et særlig fokus på karriereveiledning i skolen: - oversikt over utdannings- og videreutdanningstilbud innen karriereveiledning, inkludert tilbud spesielt rettet mot de som jobber/skal jobbe med karriereveiledning i skolen - innsikt i opplevd kvalitet og behov hos målgruppene for tilbudene, inkludert tilbud spesielt rettet mot de som jobber/skal jobbe med karriereveiledning i skolen - kunnskap om rammebetingelser og andre faktorer som er avgjørende for at karriereveiledere og lærere i faget utdanningsvalg kan ta utdanning og videreutdanning og for at arbeidsgivere (skoleeier og skoleledelse) kan legge til rette for videreutdanning for sine ansatte Gjennom bruk av ulike forskningsmetoder er det samlet inn perspektiver på temaene fra ulike aktørposisjoner. Både i, og utenfor skolen som organisasjon. Basert på funnene i undersøkelsen konkluderer rapporten med sju anbefalinger som bør følges opp for å nå målet om en mer profesjonell karriereveiledningstjeneste i skolen.

Artikkelen kartlegger hvordan undervisning i skolefaget mat og helse blir gjennomført på 1.–4. trinn og belyser variasjoner og utfordringer i dagens undervisningspraksis. Datagrunnlaget består av 24 kvalitative intervjuer, 15 med mat- og helselærere og ni med skoleledere. Intervjuene ble gjennomført på 12 utvalgte praksisskoler fra alle landsdeler i Norge. Datagrunnlaget viser lærerne som underviser på 1. – 4. trinn sin kjennskap til kompetansemålene, grunnleggende ferdigheter og bruk av vurdering, samt tilgjengelighet og bruk av læremidler i faget mat og helse. Lærernes kjennskap til kompetansemålene i mat og helse etter 4. trinn varierte. Timetallet for undervisningen, elevenes kompetansenivå og det sosiale aspektet ved faget preget i hvilken grad vurdering ble anvendt som en del av undervisningen. De grunnleggende ferdighetene ser ut til å være en uutnyttet ressurs i mat- og helse undervisningen på 1.-4. trinn. Valg av læremidler i mat- og helseundervisningen på 1.–4. trinn var ofte tilfeldig. Siden lærebøker manglet, benyttet de fleste lærerne internett i søk etter oppskrifter. Noen lærere brukte læremidler beregnet for eldre elever, mens andre brukte hefter eller oppskrifter fra kommersielle utgivere eller fra andre fag.

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used for visiting historic places. Research on VR experiences in dark tourism (that focuses on mortality) focuses almost exclusively on adults. No studies were found that used virtual tours to engage children with their own country’s conflicts. The present study addresses this gap by designing and developing virtual tours in four cities of Europe with a troubled past. Virtual tours engage children and youth in historical conflicts using multi-perspective storytelling. The aim of this pre-test post-test comparative case study is to examine the change on students’ perceptions of their country’s troubled past after their interaction with a virtual tour of their capital. A secondary aim is to document students’ evaluation of the virtual tour. A questionnaire examining students’ perceptions was completed before and after students’ individual interaction with a virtual tour. Participants included 360 students (212 from Cyprus, 42 from Germany, 63 from Bosnia-Herzegovina, and 44 from Kosovo). Findings indicate a statistically significant positive change in perceptions of troubled pasts for primary/secondary students from Cyprus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Germany. Preliminary results are promising and indicate the effectiveness of virtual tours as tools that can have an effect on students’ perceptions of troubled pasts, particularly for children rather than young adults. Students’ evaluation of the virtual tours was positive, irrespectively of participants’ age, indicating high acceptability. Bibliografija: str. 179-181. Abstract.

This article addresses migrant children’s entries into new education systems from the vantage point of musical participation. Through an ethnographic study of one Norwegian primary school, it investigates what scope for musical participation is available to newly arrived migrant children in a dedicated introductory class, and how their engagement with music contributes to a sense of belonging. Four themes emerged: (1) Self-presentation and creativity; (2) New roles; (3) Memories of family and home; and (4) Belonging. The experiences in this study highlight that intercultural music education is about far more than content. The importance of relational competences developed through group musical activity and social interplay was continually to the fore, as well as the need for teacher reflexivity over the lack of neutrality of (musical) knowledge and skills in the classroom. Musical participation in schools then requires the fostering of intercultural competence among teachers, pupils and the entire school culture.

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited This article addresses teacher autonomy in different models of educational governance using quantitative data from the OECD TALIS 2018 and qualitative data from a study on teacher autonomy conducted in Norway and Brazil. In this article, teacher autonomy is seen as a multidimensional concept referring to decision-making and control in relation to state governance. Further, the different degrees of implementation of accountability measures across countries determine the models of educational governance. The quantitative data reveals no clear pattern between teacher autonomy and models of educational governance. In general, teachers perceive that they have good control over teaching and planning at the classroom level. However, teachers report that they participate to a lesser degree in professional collaboration in schools, which could allow for collegial teacher autonomy. Teachers also report low perceived social value and policy influence, which may provide insight into professional teacher autonomy at the policy level. This article also shows the relevance of a detailed description of the country cases to gain a better understanding of the multiple dimensions of teacher autonomy.

I denne artikkelen analyseres samtaler fra personalmøter i to barnehager som arbeider prosjektbasert inspirert av Reggio Emilia-pedagogikk. Observasjoner av møter er supplert med intervju med de pedagogiske lederne. Målet med undersøkelsen har vært å studere hvordan personalet snakker sammen om arbeid med prosjekt i møtene og hvordan dette kan ha betydning for barns mulighet for medvirkning. Vi viser hvordan samtalene arter seg gjennom et prosjektforløp. Underveis i denne prosessen identifiserte vi fire ulike diskurser som på ulike måter legger føringer for barnas medvirkning i arbeidet med prosjektene. Vi har kalt disse for henholdsvis en medvirkningsdiskurs, en undringsdiskurs, en bekvemmelighetsdiskurs og en resultatdiskurs. Vi konkluderer med at høye faglige ambisjoner kombinert med lite møtetid svekker muligheten for barns medvirkning i prosjektarbeid.

Denne masteroppgaven baserer seg på en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tre kontaktlærere. Formålet med intervjustudien var å få kunnskap om hvordan kontaktlærere på ungdomstrinnet tilrettelegger for elever med innagerende atferd, for å fremme inkludering. Jeg ønsket kunnskap som kan være nyttig for skolen i fremtiden, og som kan bidra til et styrket fokus på elever med innagerende atferd i skolen. På bakgrunn av dette, formulerte jeg følgende problemstilling: hvordan tilrettelegger kontaktlærere på ungdomstrinnet for elever med innagerende atferd, for å fremme inkludering? For å spisse forskningen, delte jeg problemstillingen videre inn i tre forskningsspørsmål. Det første forskningsspørsmålet dreier seg om hvilken kompetanse kontaktlærere på ungdomstrinnet har om elever med innagerende atferd. Det andre forskningsspørsmålet dreier seg om hvordan kontaktlærere på ungdomstrinnet tilrettelegger for elever med innagerende atferd, for å fremme sosial inkludering. Det tredje forskningsspørsmålet dreier seg om hvordan kontaktlærere tilrettelegger for elever med innagerende atferd, for å fremme faglig inkludering. Funnene tyder på at kontaktlærerne på ungdomstrinnet gjør flere tilrettelegginger for elever med innagerende atferd, for å fremme inkludering. Dette kan knyttes opp mot kompetansen de har om elever med innagerende atferd, som ser ut til å basere seg på erfaring både i og utenfor skolen, samt lang erfaring som kontaktlærer i skolen. Funnene tyder på at kontaktlærerne tilrettelegger for å fremme inkludering, med fokus på psykososialt læringsmiljø og klasseledelse, elev-elev relasjon og lærer-elev relasjon. Videre tyder funnene på at kontaktlærerne tilrettelegger for å fremme inkludering, med fokus på presentasjoner og muntlig aktivitet i klasserommet, plassering og grupper, og oppstart av nytt tema.

Evidence suggests that a free school meal can improve children and adolescent diet, social environment, concentration, and school performance. This study aimed to investigate possible effects of a free, healthy school meal among students that usually eat packed meals on behavioral issues, inactiveness, self-efficacy, school enjoyment and classroom environment. A school meal according to the dietary guidelines was served to students in the intervention group (n=55) for one year. A control group consumed packed meals as usual (n=109). Students (10-12 years) responded to a questionnaire at baseline and after one year. We used linear regression analyses and did not find significant effects of a free school meal on behavioral issues (B= 0.01, p 0.86), inactiveness (B= -0.05, p 0.51), self - efficacy (B= -0.04, p 0.52), school enjoyment (B= 0.11, p 0.19) or classroom environment (B= -0.07, p 0.26). Methodological limitations might explain our lack of findings.

At the center of the School of Athens, Raphael painted Plato with a face similar to that of Leonardo da Vinci. In this article I argue that the likeness was intentional, and that Raphael’s fresco contains a set of references to the book De Divina Proportione, to which Leonardo contributed with drawings of polyhedrons. De Divina Proportione was written by Leonardo’s friend and teacher of mathematics, Luca Pacioli, and contains arguments for raising the status of the art of painting, similar to the arguments found in Leonardo’s Paragone. Pacioli and Leonardo thought painting should be regarded as a liberal art, due to the painters' use of mathematical principles. In the article, I show how Plato with the face of Leonardo is part of a set of allusions to these arguments found in The School of Athens.

Copyright © 2021 Kristin Helstad, Per Arne Øiestad.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Undervisning består av komplekse handlinger der lærere leder læringsprosesser og kontinuerlig må balansere ulike hensyn opp mot hverandre. Å tenke som en dramaturg kan bidra til å bevisstgjøre og profesjonalisere det didaktiske arbeidet i klasserommet. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hva dramaturgisk didaktikk kan innebære, og vi ser nærmere på hvordan dramaturgiske begreper og verktøy kan stimulere og utvikle lærerens iscenesettelse av undervisning. Artikkelen er et teoretisk bidrag til klasseromforskning der et læringsperspektiv på undervisning koples med et dramaturgisk perspektiv. Til grunn ligger en praksisrettet forskningstilnærming, der en lærer i drama- og teaterfag i videregående skole har samarbeidet med en skoleforsker om å utvikle nye forståelser av didaktisk arbeid. Vi illustrerer tenkningen i form av en læringssirkel, der aristotelisk dramaturgi og begrepene entré og sorti rammer inn en begynnelse og en slutt i et undervisningsforløp. Dramaturgisk didaktikk forstås som virksomme handlinger som blir satt i spill i dette mellomrommet, der læreren tilrettelegger for læring i klassefellesskapet, og der elevene over tid får bryne seg på faglig og relasjonelt arbeid. Ved å hente inspirasjon fra regissørens arbeid i teatret, viser vi at en dramaturgisk tenkemåte kan ha sterk forklaringskraft for arbeid i klasserommet. Abstract: Teaching consists of complex actions where teachers lead processes of learning and continuously have to balance different considerations. Using dramaturgy as a tool helps raise awareness and professionalize teachers’ work in the classroom. In this article, we examine what dramaturgical didactics might entail, and how dramaturgical concepts and tools may stimulate and develop teaching. The point of departure is a practice-oriented research approach where a teacher in drama in upper secondary school collaborated with a school researcher on understandings of teaching. The article is a theoretical contribution to classroom research where we combine a learning perspective and a dramaturgical perspective. We illustrate the theory by presenting a dramaturgical learning circle that may serve as a tool for teaching. The concepts of ‘entrance’ and ‘exit’ frame a beginning and an end in a teaching process. Dramaturgical didactics involve active actions, where the teacher facilitates for a fruitful learning community and where the students, over time, work on the subjects and the resources at play with learning as the ultimate goal. Although the dramaturgical learning circle is developed in a specific context, the underlying thinking might be used in similar contexts. By drawing inspiration from the director’s work in the theater, the article illuminates that a dramaturgical way of thinking may have a strong explanatory power for teachers’ work on all educational levels.

Based on the proposition that the relationship between a coach and athlete is at its best when both parties contribute to enhancing its quality, the present study sought to investigate if Shared Reality Theory could provide new insights on the topic. Specifically, the purpose of the present study was to explore: (a) how a shared reality is established, or fails to be established, over the course of the sporting partnership between athletes and their coach; and (b) how the presence of a shared reality (or not) in the coach-athlete relationship is related to the experienced quality of the relationship between athletes and their coach, as recorded over time. Narrative inquiry, embedded within a longitudinal qualitative approach, was adopted. Six female elite junior swimmers and their head coach completing three interviews each over a 9-month period. Data were analysed using narrative thematic analysis, leading to the development of two narratives: A prevention-oriented narrative and a promotion-oriented narrative. Overall, the findings suggests that athletes who experience a shared reality with their coach are more motivated and report a higher sense of psychological well-being. To establish the experience of a shared reality, reciprocal and honest communication motivated by trust in the other is needed. Due to power imbalance, it is deemed important for coaches to be supportive and trustworthy to encourage athletes to communicate with them, so the coach and his/her athletes can work together in a synergistic manner.

This paper presents a case study of two sixth-grade students’ use of an iPad as an instructional tool for mathematics. Based on their written and oral responses, we investigated and analyzed their meaning making process with mathematical content in a classroom where the iPad was a central tool for teaching practices. The analyses were based on Steinbring’s [(2005). The construction of new mathematical knowledge in classroom interaction: An epistemological perspective (Vol. 38). Springer] framework, which we applied to understand how students construct meaning for mathematical concepts. The analysis showed that the students constructed mathematical knowledge by forming associations between contexts represented by the activities and by mathematical symbols and signs. The findings suggest the possibility that touchscreen technology reinforces the link between mathematical content, mathematical representations, and tangible experiences.

This article explores school-home collaboration as a pedagogical phenomenon and contributes to a rationale for collaboration between school and parents in upper secondary education. The theory of practice architectures is used as an analytical lens . It sheds light on arrangements that enable or constrain the semantic, social, and physical spaces where students, parents, and teachers encounter each other as collaborative partners. Six upper secondary schools participated in the study; the dialogue café method was used to facilitate conversations between stakeholders to explore and verify this phenomenon. The study revealed three key aspects that require attention when developing collaborative practices: (a) clarification of the teaching profession’s obligations; (b) engaging and empowering students’ agency; and (c) moving beyond a fire-fighting approach . In addition, the need for further research to operationalise the safeguarding of students’ and parents’ rights, and support for students’ agency, in the context of school-home collaboration.

Denne artikkelen retter blikket mot praksisopplæringen i norske musikkpedagogiske utdanninger og har fokus på praksissamtalen, der tre parter fra utdanningsløpet møtes: student, faglærer og praksisveileder. Gjennom å observere studenters praksisundervisning i kulturskoler samt praksissamtaler knyttet til praksisundervisningen, er målet i denne artikkelen å utforske hvordan praksissamtalen fungerer som en arena der studentene tilegner seg profesjonsforståelse, samt hvilke forståelser av kulturskolelærerprofesjonen som framtrer i samtalene mellom de tre partene. Resultatene drøftes i lys av profesjonsteoretiske og sosiokulturelle forståelsesrammer. Artikkelen argumenterer for viktigheten av studentenes aktive deltakelse i praksisfellesskapet, og løfter fram noen utfordringer tilknyttet praksissamtalen og relasjonene mellom utdanningsinstitusjon og praksisfelt. English abstract English title: The practicum conversation in School of Music and Performing Arts teacher educating programs: An arena for development of students’ professional understandings This article addresses the practicum training in Norwegian teacher educating programs, and focuses on the practicum conversation, where three participants of the teacher educating program meet: the student, the teacher educator and the practicum supervisor. By observing students’ practicum-related teaching in School of Music and Performing Arts (SMPA) as well as practicum conversations related to this teaching, the aim of this study is to investigate how the practicum conversation functions as an arena where students acquire professional understanding, as well as exploring the understandings of the SMPA teacher profession that appear in these conversations between the three participants. The results are discussed in light of theory of professions and socio-cultural learning theory. The article argues for the importance of students’ active participation in the community of practice, and highlights some challenges associated with the practicum conversation and the relationship between educational institutions and the practice field.

©2021 Anne Jordhus-Lier. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of discourse analysis in order to understand music teachers’ professional identities. This is done by elaborating on the theory and methodology of a study on professional identities of music teachers within the Norwegian municipal school of music and performing arts. Theoretical and methodological perspectives, including research design, analysis, results, validity and ethics, are discussed in the article. An argument in favour of discourse analysis is put forward: that it offers focus on the context, complexity and power relations of the field, as well as providing an understanding of how identities are constructed and negotiated. The use of discourse analysis in the study provided analytical tools which challenged taken-for-granted knowledge, discovered binary discursive oppositions, and unmasked power relations. The study found that teachers construct their identities within a contested discursive field where meanings are attached to the work they perform, as well as to the institutions they represent.

This article discusses how recognition may contribute towards giving underprivileged groups and students, a voice in education. Traditional measures aimed at forwarding equal opportunities for all, like redistributing resources and improving objective conditions have had limited success. The inequality gap between privileged and underprivileged, rural and urban, indigenous and descendants of colonialists persists. The article argues that the importance of intersubjective conditions for equal access and opportunity in education have been underestimated in education and as a consequence one has missed out on the delicate balance between the social and education. In this regard recognition is not an end but a necessary step towards equal opportunities. However, instrumental approaches to recognition must be avoided as recognition is imperative to developing students’ self-esteem and identity. Teachers must therefore comply with moral and ethical standards, thus safeguarding the dignity and rights of the individual student.

This article discusses which knowledge areas of digital competence are vital for Norwegian social work education today basing on EU Digital Competence framework (DigComp) and expectation from frontline practice. The research adopted diverse methods for data collection, including a case study of Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), a document analysis of Norwegian social work education guideline and curricula, and a semi-structured interview with social work educators . The results reveal that the integration of digital competence knowledge areas across Norwegian social work education is still highly limited. There is a significant gap between the EU’s digital competence requirement and the Norwegian social work curricula, although the DigComp framework demonstrates its limitation in conceptualizing digital competence that is relevant social work domain. There is also the gap between the practice in NAV and Norwegian social work curricula regarding digital competence. We need further research to develop a consensus in respect of defining digital competence and its core knowledge areas in social work to prepare future professionals to harness technology advance for every-changing needs in digitalized society.

Accepted manuscript (postprint). The final publication is available at IOS Press through https://doi.org/10.3233/dev-200286 This study investigates the correlation between teachers’ efforts to prevent bullying and their perceptions of school climate. The quantitative data were collected from 82 teachers (76.8%females, respondents’ mean age = 44.91 years [SD = 9.91]) from 13 Norwegian schools running the Olweus Bully Prevention Program (OBPP). Descriptive analysis of the teachers’ efforts within OBPP at the school, classroom, and individual levels, and simple linear as well as multiple regression analyses were applied. The current study revealed that teachers acted differently within OBPP at the school, classroom, and individual levels, and that their perceptions of school climate differed. A significant positive correlation was found between the teachers’ efforts within OBPP at the all-level variable and the general school climate variable. Implications for the teachers’ efforts to prevent school bullying through OBPP and the significance of the study results for the whole school community are discussed, and limitations of the current study are pointed out.

Measuring and evaluating a learner’s learning ability is always the focus of every person whose aim is to develop strategies and plans for their learners to improve the learning process. For example, classroom assessments, self-assessment using computer systems such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), and other approaches are available. Assessment of metacognition is one of these techniques. Having the ability to evaluate and monitor one’s learning is known as metacognition. An individual can then propose adjustments to their learning process based on this assessment. By monitoring, improving, and planning their activities, learners who can manage their cognitive skills are better able to manage their knowledge about a particular subject. It is common knowledge that students’ metacognitive and self-assessment skills and abilities have been extensively studied, but no research has been carried out on the mistakes that novice developers make because they do not use their self-assessment abilities enough. ,is study aims to assess the metacognitive skills and abilities of novice software developers working in the industry and to describe the consequences of awareness of metacognition on their performance. In the proposed study, we experimented with novice software developers and collected data using Devskiller and a self-assessment log to analyze their use of self-regulation skills. ,e proposed study showed that when developers are asked to reflect upon their work, they become more informed about their habitual mistakes, and using a self-assessment log helps them highlight their repetitive mistakes and experiences which allows them to improve their performance on future tasks. “The authors are grateful to the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/36), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

PurposeThis comparative study identifies core values expressed in Early Childhood Education (ECE) official policy documents from a sample of thirteen countries.Design/Approach/MethodsThis study employs document analysis as well as content and thematic analysis. ECE values identified in the policy documents are categorized into three groups: political and society-related values, educational values, and individual and relational values.FindingsDocument analysis reveals the values that are common across countries and those that are more specific to just one or a few countries at most. This study discusses the characteristics of these values from the perspective of globalization. In doing so, this comparative study illustrates and discusses the tendencies for both convergence and divergence in ECE values in policymaking worldwide.Originality/ValueThe findings of this study expand our understanding of the values in ECE policy documents in the sampled countries, offering insights into ECE objectives and policymaking in various countries.

I denne artikkelen undersøker vi praksislæreres forståelse av sin rolle som lærerutdannere. Denne kvalitative studien er basert på analysen av 104 refleksjonsnotater fra praksislærere ved fem lærerutdanningsskoler i Norge. Deltagerne ble bedt om å reflektere over sin rolle som lærerutdannere. Under analyseprosessen kom vi fram til at deltagerne i studien forstår sin lærerutdannerrolle som (1) portvoktere for- og ivaretagere av lærerprofesjonen, (2) veiledere og (3) relasjonsbyggere og rollemodeller. Vi diskuterer studiens resultater i lys av teori og tidligere forskning samt reflekterer rundt de etiske overveielsene som kan ha påvirket studiens resultater. Studien kaster et kritisk blikk på betydningen av en større involvering av praksisfeltet i profesjonskvalifiseringen av lærerstudenter.

Jeg skal belyse og nyansere om, ulik overgangspraksis påvirker elever med enkeltvedtak sine muligheter for å starte læring dag en etter overgang til nytt utdanningsnivå? Problemstillingen blir belyst gjennom et kvalitativt forskningsdesign. Det er gjennomført semistrukturerte intervju og caseobservasjon. Utvalget bestod av profesjonelle informanter med erfaring fra overganger for elever med enkeltvedtak og foresatte til elever med enkeltvedtak. Forskningen skal belyse om det norske utdanningssystemet, fra Kunnskapsdepartementet (KD) og ned til den enkelte skolefritidsordning (SFO) assistent og pedagogisk personal i skole og barnehage, er tilrettelagt og klart for elever med enkeltvedtak som har behov for ekstra ressurser og tilrettelegging. Forskningen skal belyse og nyansere hvilke elementer som påvirker om overganger blir sømløs eller skaper tilbakefall hos elevene det angår. Det teoretiske rammeverket til forskningen baserer seg på retningslinjer fra nasjonale myndigheter. Jeg skal gjøre intervju med Pedagogisk Psykologisk Tjeneste (PPT), Barnehabiliteringen og en lærer og rådgiver på videregående skole. Lærerinformanten har jobbet en årrekke med å ta imot elever med enkeltvedtak fra ungdomsskolen til videregående skole. I tillegg har jeg to pårørende til elever med enkeltvedtak som informanter. De skal og belyse relevante opplevelser og erfaringer med overganger. Jeg skal beskrive case om en overgang fra ungdomsskole til videregående skole og hvordan den overgangen påvirket eleven med enkeltvedtak sine muligheter for å starte læring første skoledag etter overgang til nytt utdanningsnivå. Eleven har autisme og viser utagerende atferd. Samtlige informanter har opplevd både overganger som har medført at læring har startet dag en på ny skole og overganger der det gikk skikkelig galt. De har erfart at ulik overgangspraksis kan påvirke mulighetene for elever med enkeltvedtak å starte læring dag en etter overgang til nytt utdanningsnivå. På bakgrunn av dette skal jeg belyse om nasjonale føringer for overgangspraksis for elver med enkeltvedtak sammenfaller eller avviker med det jeg har erfart om overganger fra mine jobber med elevgruppen. Så skal jeg belyse om nasjonale føringer sammenfaller med hva forskning sier om tema. Til slutt skal jeg belyse om nasjonale føringer, empiri, forskning og informantenes svar sammenfaller. Da er det spennende å se om det eksisterer felles forståelse mellom profesjonelle i skole og institusjoner som for eksempel PPT, Barnehabiliteringen og skoleledelse har lik forståelse av nasjonale føringer og praktiserer dem likt. Og om pårørende har opplevd felles forståelse mellom utdanningsnivå deres barn har hatt overgang mellom. Intervjuguiden vil føre til at jeg kan belyse om informantene opplever at det eksiterer god og dårlig overgangspraksis, og i hvilke elementer de hevder påvirker om overganger blir god eller dårlig.

Dette verket er lisensiert under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Denne artikkelen utforsker læreroppfatninger om sakprosalitteraturens potensial i møtet med elever, med et særlig fokus på biografier. Studien søker svar på følgende spørsmål: Hvilke oppfatninger om elevers møter med biografier kommer til uttrykk i intervjuer med tre norsklærere? Hvilket dannelsespotensial kan biografiene ha i undervisningssammenheng? Læreroppfatningene undersøkes gjennom en empirisk kasusstudie der tre norsklærere intervjues i forbindelse med et undervisningsopplegg om biografier. Studien er forankret i teori om hvordan læreroppfatninger er et resultat av ulike erfaringer og kunnskaper (Levin, 2015), og sjangerteoretiske perspektiver om sakprosalitteraturens kompleksitet (Sanders, 2018). Resultatene viser at lærerne er mindre opptatte av at de biografiske tekstene skal fungere som kunnskapskilde og oppøve elevene til å bli kritiske lesere. Man vektlegger i større grad den estetiske og emosjonelle erfaringa som oppstår i møtene med biografiene. Lesing av biografier skaper forskjellige lesererfaringer og leseropplevelser på bakgrunn av biografienes visuelle og verbaltekstlige variasjon og kompleksitet. Hvordan man snakker om disse erfaringene og hva som skaper dem, blir sentralt for arbeidet med sakprosalitteratur i klasserommet. Abstract This paper explores teacher perceptions of students´ encounters with nonfiction, with particular focus on biographies. The study tries to answer the following questions: What views about students' encounters with biographies are communicated in interviews with three literature teachers? What is the educational potential of biographies in a teaching context? The teachers' perceptions are examined through an empirical case study in which three Norwegian teachers are interviewed about their teaching experiences. The study is grounded in theory about how teacher perceptions are a result of different experiences and knowledge (Levin, 2015), and genre theoretical perspectives on the complexity of non-fiction literature (Sanders, 2018). The results show that the teachers are less concerned about developing critical readers through work with biographies, but seem to be more aware of the aesthetic and emotional experience that arises in these encounters. However, aesthetic and emotional experiences do not exclude developing critical awareness. The visual and textual variations in various biographies encourage different reading experiences and participation, and this is crucial in classroom discussions about nonfiction.

This study aims to investigate how teachers carry out their professional responsibility in daily teaching. It is conducted at a school that offers language training programs for adult immigrants and refugees. The data is based on participant observation in classrooms and interviews with the teachers. The findings indicate that a clear consciousness of the role of a teacher seems to be a “governing principle” for the practice of professional responsibility, whether the role concerns being accountable regarding the teacher’s contract with the greater society or moral considerations in the daily student and teacher interaction. On Teachers' Interpretations of Responsibility in a Norwegian Language Training Programme

Målsetningen med denne studien er å undersøke hvilket litteratursyn som kommer til syne i tXt-aksjonens lærerveiledninger, og hvordan ulike lærere bruker disse. Flere undersøkelser antyder at elevene i dag leser mindre enn før, noe som har gitt begrepet leselyst en ny form for relevans. Foreningen !les utarbeidet tXt-aksjonen i 1998, med det formål om å fremme leselyst hos elever i ungdomsskolen. Studiens problemstilling er: Hvilke litteratursyn fremmes i tXt-aksjonens lærerveiledninger, og hvordan bruker et utvalg lærere disse? Prosjektet baserer seg på en kombinasjon av kvalitative og kvantitative metoder for innsamling av empiri. Kombinasjonen av et kvantitativt spørreskjema og kvalitative intervjuer gir innblikk i ulike læreres bruk av tXt-aksjonen. I tillegg har jeg brukt en kvalitativ teoridrevet dokumentanalyse for å analysere aksjonens lærerveiledninger fra 2014, 2017 og 2021. Funnene viser at informantene i stor grad bruker både tXt-aksjonens antologi og lærerveiledninger som inspirasjon til egen undervisning, og ikke som et selvstendig opplegg. Det kan altså tenkes at elevene går glipp av et viktig aspekt ved aksjonen – eller også at det er en diskrepans mellom disse ressursene og aksjonens øvrige målsetninger. Analysen av lærerveiledningene viser også at det kan se ut til at aksjonen har bevegd seg fra en individuell tilnærming til tekst mot en mer kollektiv orientering. Dette viser seg blant annet ved at andelen av individuelle oppgaver i lærerveiledningene har gått ned fra 44 % i 2014 til 26 % i 2021. Selv om funnene angående læreres bruk av tXt-aksjonen ikke er generaliserbare, vil de kunne gi innblikk i noen, kanskje typiske, former for bruk av aksjonen. Aksjonens lærerveiledninger består blant annet av flere oppgavetyper som blant litteraturdidaktikere trekkes frem som effektive metoder når det gjelder etablering av leselyst, og det er derfor tankevekkende at flere lærere rapporterer at disse ikke brukes.

Pupils’ lack of concentration is a concern in everyday classrooms in Norway as in many other countries. Whereas research has defined different behaviour issues in classroom contexts, there has been less focus on how the counsellors, working at the Educational and Psychological Counselling Service (EPCS), describe different behaviour issues. This article is based on a study that aims to develop a deeper understanding of how the counsellors perceive the term ‘concentration difficulties’. Even though the term is widely used in templates and in national strategic documents to describe pupils’ disruptive behaviour, few other studies emphasise this perspective. The study has a phenomenological‐hermeneutic inspired approach and is based on individual in‐depth interviews with counsellors working at the EPCS. The key findings suggest that the counsellors understanding of the term are influenced by their personal perceptions of the term, their education and the way they facilitate adapted learning.

© The Author(s) 2021. The Norwegian municipal school of music and performing arts has diverse tasks it must manage; the school not only intends to offer its students opportunities to specialise, but it also aims to facilitate social inclusion and be a school ‘for everyone’. Handling these two seemingly opposing tasks requires a great deal from its staff. This article explores how music teachers negotiate versatility and specialisation through identifying with professional subject positions. Based on 16 teacher interviews and document analyses, the study finds six analytically subject positions for teachers to identify with. Most of the teachers identify with several subject positions, either at the same time or interchangeably, based on the situation. Together, these subject positions shape their professional identities. This has implications for the institution’s management of its competencies. While being a school ‘for everyone’ is a widely shared commitment, this does not necessarily require versatility from each of its teachers, as long as the school can become a versatile institution through assembling teachers with different specialised competences. This in turn would entail the future music teacher education to be broad-based with possibilities of specialisation, which could lay the groundwork for teachers’ flexibility and their ability to further develop their competence after graduation.

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way In this article, we explore how minority parents construct and promote cultural identities through a multicultural school event in Norway. Such events respond to the call for diverse and inclusive initiatives to facilitate learning, belonging, and cohesion in schools. Interestingly, while schools see these events as helping further inclusion, prior research on the subject has criticized such events for promoting essentialist understandings of cultural identities, hence regarding them as counterproductive to the aim of promoting inclusion. This research has directed scarce attention to the participant perspective, among them minority parents. Using the stall of the Kurdish parents as an example, we conducted fieldwork applying the method of Linguistic Landscaping. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews with the parents asking questions about the festival and the meaning of the displayed representations in their stall. The findings indicate that the Kurdish parents involved view the event as an important space for creative construction of transnational and diasporic identities, as well as an opportunity for a minority group to strive for acceptance for its cause. We end the article by reflecting on the pedagogical potential in multicultural school events as tools for creating inclusive school practices.

The provision of environments that support and afford play is fundamental for young children’s experiences, learning and development. Play environments of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) institutions are therefore of great importance for the opportunities provided children to create and engage in a wide range of play. This study examines the association between Norwegian ECEC institutions’ indoor environment (spaces and materials) and children’s engagement in different types of play. Children (3– 6 years, N = 86) were observed in two-minute sequences during periods of the day when they were free to choose what to do. The data consists of 943 randomly recorded two-minute videos, which were coded second-bysecond to register the type of play occurring, the space in which it occurred and the materials children used. The results show that the indoor environment in the participating ECEC institutions afforded predictable play types in what could be called confined spaces designed and furnished for certain kinds of play activities. The authors discuss how this helps practitioners maintain predictability and control of children’s play, while on the other hand, it restricts children’s play and freedom to bring their own initiatives, ideas and creativity into the play in unpredictable ways.

This is the accepted version of an article from Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. The published article can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2020.1869089. Childcare providers are vanguards in identifying children at risk for mental health problems. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the accuracy of childcare providers’ nominations of children at risk for mental health problems against a well-established comparator, the CaregiverTeacher Report Form. Findings from the present study, including 1430 children aged one to six years old and 169 childcare providers from 57 childcare centers, indicates that nominations in the form of concerns should be taken seriously and followed up with additional screening or assessment and consideration for referral. However, nominations also created a considerable portion of false positives. These results suggest that when childcare providers become concerned about a child, it may be beneficial to apply a psychometrically sound screening instrument to decrease the rate of false positive nominations. This may help childcare providers to act more promptly by confirming or discarding their initial concerns.

This review article focuses on use of an escape room as a didactic tool in teaching and learning, as identified in empirical studies that have examined the use of escape rooms in educational contexts. The review studied the methods used to study escape rooms, what the focus of attention was, what the reported use was, and implications this has for the use of escape rooms for teaching and learning. Our analysis showed that most studies are concerned with the implementation and use of an escape room in relation to four fields of attention; scenario, curriculum, 21st-century skills, and motivation. Overall, the reviewed articles indicate that more studies are needed on the use of escape rooms for educational purposes. It seems that research on this topic has reached a new phase, and there is a need for structured research and transparency in the research design and methods for data collection and analysis. We see opportunities for the use of escape rooms as a didactic tool in primary and secondary education, and in teacher education.