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Background: Prunella vulgaris L., known as self-healing herb, is a widely spread species in the spontaneous flora with beneficial effects on human health, a fact proven in particular by Asian researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and the antibacterial effect on different bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant ones, depending on the type of solvent used (aqueous, hydroalcoholic), the plant product taken into consideration (spike inflorescence, leaf), its quantity and the concentration of active principles.

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trimetazidine (TMZ), used for treating stable angina pectoris, has garnered attention in the realm of sports due to its potential performance-enhancing properties, and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has classified TMZ on the S4 list of prohibited substances since 2014. The purpose of this narrative mini-review is to emphasize the biochemical aspects underlying the abusive use of TMZ among athletes as a metabolic modulator of cardiac energy metabolism. The myocardium's ability to adapt its energy substrate utilization between glucose and fatty acids is crucial for maintaining cardiac function under various conditions, such as rest, moderate exercise, and intense effort. TMZ acts as a partial inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT), shifting energy production from long-chain fatty acids to glucose, reducing oxygen consumption, improving cardiac function, and enhancing exercise capacity. Furthermore, TMZ modulates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, promoting glucose oxidation while lowering lactate production, and ultimately stabilizing myocardial function. TMZs role in reducing oxidative stress is notable, as it activates antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In conclusion, TMZs biochemical mechanisms make it an attractive but controversial option for athletes seeking a competitive edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fost validată o metodă simplă şi selectivă de determinare a genisteinei (GNST) din ficat şi rinichi de şobolan în vederea studierii efectului fitoestrogenic al GNST la șobolani Wistar de sex feminin ovariectomizaţi. GNST a fost separată pe o coloană Kromasil 100-RP8, de 150 mm x 4,6 mm, 5 μm prevăzută cu precoloană Kromasil RP 8. Faza mobilă a fost 55:45 (v/v) acid fosforic 15 mmol în apă : metanol la un debit de 1,3 ml/min. Ca standard intern a fost folosită luteolina 20 μg/ml în metanol. Timpul de retenţie al GNST a fost tR = 13,22 min şi tR = 11,60 min pentru standardul intern. Curbele de calibrare pe domeniul 40-400 μg GNST/100g ficat şi 20-200 μg GNST/100g rinichi au prezentat coeficienţi de determinare ˃0,99. Metoda a prezentat o bună precizie şi acurateţe la limita de cuantificare. 10 şobolani albi Wistar de sex feminin, cu vârsta de 8 săptămâni au fost trataţi s.c. cu 10 mg/kg c/zi soluţie GNST timp de 8 săptămâni, în timp ce un lot de 10 animale au folosit ca martor. Valorile obţinute pentru GNST în ficat au fost 192.12 ± 53.46 μg/100g, iar în rinichi 74.51 ± 12.77 μg/100g.

Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Due to the high therapeutic potential of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) leaves, this review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile, as well as the therapeutic effects of this herbal drug. The review was conducted according to the Prisma guidelines, and the scientific databases were searched using combinations of the following keywords: "Vaccinium myrtillus", "leaves", "bilberry". Recent research was focused on the influence of abiotic factors on the phytochemical composition, and it seems that there are significant differences between the herbal drugs collected from different countries. The phytochemical composition is correlated with the broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The paper outlines the potent antimicrobial activity of VM extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and also the pathways that are modulated by the unique "cocktail" of phytoconstituents in different metabolic alterations. Reviewing the research articles published in the last 10 years, it seems that bilberry leaves have been slightly forgotten, although their phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics are unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new validated capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for the quantification of three aromatase inhibitors - anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane. After preliminary analysis a sodium tetraborate background electrolyte containing carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrine was selected for the simultaneous determination of the three aromatase inhibitors. 100 mM sodium tetraborate containing 5 mM carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrine as buffer addtive, 25 kV applied voltage, 20 mbar/2 s injection pressure and 25°C temperature were selected as optimum parameters for the determination. Analysis was performed in approximately 10 minutes. Validation parameters, including linearity, precision, detection and quantification limits were determined. Our results prove the applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis for the simultaneous determination of the three aromatase inhibitors from pharmaceutical products. The applicability of the optimized method was also tested for biological samples, proving its reliability for the determination of letrozole without any special treatment of the analyzed spiked urine sample and presenting potential for other biological matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new simple, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for quantification of ciprofloxacin in human plasma was validated. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, as internal standard, were analysed on a SB-C18 column (Agilent Technologies, 100 mm x 3 mm I.D., 3.5 μm) under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase of a 70:30 (v/v) mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min at the column temperature of 25 °C. The detection of the analyte was in SIM mode using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray positive ionisation. The monitored ions were m/z 332 for ciprofloxacin and m/z for 362 for ofloxacin. The sample preparation was very simple and consisted of protein precipitation from 0.2 mL plasma using 0.4 mL of 0.05% acetic acid solution in methanol containing 0.5 mg/mL internal standard. Linear calibration curves were generated over the range of 25-5000 ng/mL with values for coefficient of determination greater than 0.999 and by using a weighted (1/c) linear regression. The lowest limit of quantification was 10 ng/ml. The values of precision (RSD%) and accuracy (relative error%) were less than 8.7% and 11.9%, for within- and between-run, respectively. The recovery of the analyte ranged between 82.5 and 91.1%. Ciprofloxacin demonstrated good stability in various conditions. The validated LC-MS method allows ciprofloxacin monitoring in human plasma during clinical treatment or other pharmacokinetics investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of dietary supplements and drugs for erectile dysfunction on the internet, permissive legal framework in this domain and purchasing these drugs from pharmacy on prescription only, explain why they are often subject to counterfeit. A HPLC-UV method for the identification and quantification of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil in dietary supplements and drugs is described. Separation of these substances was performed on a Phenomenex C8 5μm 150x4.6 mm column, using as mobile phase a mixture of phase A = 0.1% formic acid in water and phase B = 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, in a concentration gradient, phase A concentration decreasing from 80 to 20% in 15 minutes. The detection was set at 262 nm. The supplements purchased from pharmacies did not contain phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, but in two supplements purchased on the internet, sildenafil was quantified (13.87 ± 1.79 mg/capsule and 18.34 ± 2.16 mg/capsule). The method was used for the determination of sildenafil in Viagra® 100 mg tablets purchased online, their content was higher by 35.80% from the declared composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of dietary supplements and drugs for erectile dysfunction on the internet, permissive legal framework in this domain and purchasing these drugs from pharmacy on prescription only, explain why they are often subject to counterfeit. A HPLC-UV method for the identification and quantification of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil in dietary supplements and drugs is described. Separation of these substances was performed on a Phenomenex C8 5μm 150x4.6 mm column, using as mobile phase a mixture of phase A = 0.1% formic acid in water and phase B = 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, in a concentration gradient, phase A concentration decreasing from 80 to 20% in 15 minutes. The detection was set at 262 nm. The supplements purchased from pharmacies did not contain phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, but in two supplements purchased on the internet, sildenafil was quantified (13.87 ± 1.79 mg/capsule and 18.34 ± 2.16 mg/capsule). The method was used for the determination of sildenafil in Viagra® 100 mg tablets purchased online, their content was higher by 35.80% from the declared composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]