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English: Geophagia is the most common type of pica, characterized by the urge to consume clay or soil. QwaQwa houses a very dense black African population and covers 254.2 km2. This rural area with the largest concentration of Basotho's in South Africa is characterized by a strong focus on traditional beliefs and practices, making it a favourable area to investigate the phenomenon of geophagia. The main aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status and risk factors associated with women practicing geophagia in QwaQwa, South Africa. Socio-demographic factors, dietary intake, anthropometry, physical activity and blood measures were investigated at baseline. After the intervention, the impact of the nutrition education on knowledge and habits related to geophagia were determined. The study design comprised of an observational epidemiological study which included an exposed (geophagia) and non-exposed (control) group followed by an intervention phase. An assessment of the impact of the intervention was also conducted. A logistical regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors that were likely to be associated with the practice of geophagia. At baseline, the sample consisted of 69 participants, of whom 42 were in the geophagic group (G) and 27 in the control group (C). The majority of participants in both groups (G=77.5%; C=70.4%)were unmarried. Sotho was spoken by more than 90% of participants. A large percentage of participants in both groups had an education level of grade 11 - 12 (G = 42.9% and C = 51.9%) and were unemployed (G = 90.48% and C = 74.1%). Electricity was used by both groups as the main source of energy for cooking (G = 83.3% and C = 85.2%), followed by paraffin (G = 11.9% and C = 7.4%). The primary employment status of the group with geophagia was part-time or piece jobs (54.8%), while in the control group a full-time wage earner was present in 48.15% of households. The logistic regression showed that women who were wage ear, Afrikaans: Geofagie is die algemeenste vorm van pika wat gekenmerk word deur 'n sterk drang om grond te eet. QwaQwa huisves 'n dig bevolkte swart Afrika bevolking en beslaan 'n area van 254.2 km2. Hierdie Suid-Afrikaanse plattelandse gebied bestaan hoofsaaklik uit Basotho's wat gekenmerk word deur 'n sterk fokus op tradisionele oortuigings en gewoontes, en dus dit 'n gunstige area is om die verskynsel van geofagie te ondersoek. Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die voedingstatus en risikofaktore te bepaal wat geassosieer word met vroue wat geofagie in QwaQwa, Suid-Afrika beoefen. Sosio-demografiese faktore, voedselinname, antropometrie, fisiese aktiwiteit en bloed-waardes was tydens basislynopname ondersoek. Na 'n intervensie is die impak daarvan op die kennis en gewoontes wat met geofagie geassoseer word, bepaal. Die studie-ontwerp het bestaan uit 'n observerende epidemiologiese studie wat uit 'n eksperimentele (met geofagie) en kontrole (sonder geofagie) groep bestaan het, gevolg deur 'n intervensiefase. 'n Bepaling van die impak van die intervensie was ook uitgevoer. 'n Logistieke regressiewe analise is uitgevoer om faktore te identifiseer wat waarskynlik met die praktyk van geofagie geassosieer word. Met die basislynopname was daar 'n totaal van 69 vrouens, waarvan 42 in die groep met geofagie (G) geval het en 27 in die kontrole groep (K). Die meerderheid vroue, in beide groepe (G=77.5%; C= 70.4%) was ongetroud. Sotho was die spreektaal in 90% en meer van die deelnemers. 'n Groot persentasie deelnemers in beide groepe het 'n onderwysvlak van graad 11 - 12 voltooi (G = 42.9% en K = 51.9%) en was werkloos (G = 90.48% en K = 74.1%). Elektrisiteit was deur beide groepe as hoofbron van energie vir kookdoeleindes gebruik (G = 83.3% and K = 85.2%), gevolg deur paraffien (G = 11.9% en C = 7.4%). Die primêre bron van werk in die groep met geofagie (54.8%) was deeltydse en stukwerk, terwyl in die kontrole groep 'n voltydse loonwerker in 48.15% van huishoudings voorgekom

English: Dietary fibre has revealed benefits for health maintenance and disease prevention and as a component of medical nutrition therapy. Dietary fibre forms an important part of the Westemised diet, which is characterised by low-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fibre intake. A high-fibre diet may favourably influence glycometabolic control. It is believed that short-chain fatty acids (SCF As) may partially be responsible for some of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre on metabolism. These SCFAs namely, acetate, propionate and butyrate arc the major products of colonic fibre fermentation. Some of the SCFAs have been shown to improve blood glucose and insulin levels. However, the effect of a combination of SCFAs on glycometabolic control is still unclear. The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of a combination of SCFAs (acetate: propionate: butyrate in the ratio of 70: 15: 15, respectively) and (acetate & propionate: in the ratio of 50:50, respectively) on glycometabolic control in men. The study was a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Voluntary subjects were recruited for this study using a very strict set of inclusion criteria. All subjects received a placebo for a period of one week following the collection of baseline blood samples and other information. A second baseline blood sample was collected from each individual at the end of this period to ensure accurate reflection of the variables and a stable baseline. Subjects were randomly assigned to three different intervention groups and consumed the different mixtures of either placebo, acetate-propionatebutyrate or acetate-propionate supplement for a period of four weeks following the second baseline blood collection. Supplementation of eight capsules daily was sustained for four weeks. Metabolic indicators (serum glucose, serum insulin, serum albumin, total protein, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ch, Afrikaans: Dieetvesel toon dat dit voordele inhou vir die instandhouding van gesondheid, voorkomende funksies het teen siektes en ook 'n deel vorm van mediese voedingsterapie. Dieetvesel vorm 'n belangrike deel van die Westerse dieet, wat gekenmerk word deur 'n lae-vet, lae-koolhidraat en lae-vesel inname. 'n Hoë-vesel dieet mag die glukometaboliese kontrole voordelig beïnvloed. Verder mag kort-ketting vetsure (KKV) gedeeltelik verantwoordelik wees vir sommige voordelige effekte van dieetvesel op metabolisme. Hierdie KKV naamlik, asetaat, propionaat en butiraat is die hoofprodukte van fermentasie van vesel in die kolon. Sommige van die KKV het 'n verbetering op bloedglukose en insulienvlakke getoon. Die effek van 'n kombinasie van KKV op glukometaboliese kontrole is nog onduidelik. Die hoofdoelwit van die studie was om te bepaal watter effek 'n kombinasie van KKV (asetaat: propionaat: butiraat in kombinasie van 70:15:15 onderskeidelik) en (asetaat en propionaat: in kombinasie van 50:50 onderskeidelik) op glukometaboliese kontrole in mans het. Die studie was 'n ewekansige plasebo-gekontroleerde dubbelblinde kliniese proef. Vrywillige proefpersone is geselekteer vir hierdie studie volgens baie streng insluitingskriteria. Alle proefpersone het 'n plasebo vir 'n periode van een week ontvang nadat 'n basislyn vir bloedwaardes en ander informasie ontvang is. 'n Tweede basislyn van bloedwaardes is van elke individu aan die einde van hierdie periode geneem om 'n akkurate refleksie van die veranderlikes en 'n betroubare basislyn te verky. Proefpersone is ewekansig in drie verskillende intervensiegroepe verdeel en het verskillende kombinasies ontvang: of 'n plasebo, asetaat, propionaat en butiraat of asetaat-propionaat supplement vir 'n periode van vier weke gevolg deur 'n tweede basislyn van bloedwaardes. Supplementasie van agt kapsules daagliks het vir vier weke plaasgevind. Metaboliese parameters (serum glukose, serum insulien, serum albumien, totale proteine, totale chole, Nestlé