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The possibilities and conditions of effective interaction, in particular acceleration, of charged particles by the field of an intense plane electromagnetic wave in the presence of an external constant magnetic field are considered. It is shown that the well-known conditions of cyclotron resonances require generalization. New conditions for the resonant interaction of charged particles are formulated, which contain not only the strength of the external magnetic field (as the well-known conditions of cyclotron resonances) but also the field strength of the wave. Cases of both small wave field strengths, so large, are considered. It is shown that new resonance conditions open up new possibilities for effective particle acceleration.

Using the density functional theory (DFT), we calculated the structures and Raman spectra of trans-isomers of α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene and lycopene as well as trans-isomers of modified β-carotene and lycopene molecules with substituted end or/and side groups. The DFT calculations showed that the position of the CC stretching band depends mainly on the number of conjugated CC bonds and decreases with an increase in the conjugation length. The weak dependence of the position of the CC stretching band on the structure of the carotenoid side and end groups suggests that this band can be used to evaluate the conjugation length for trans-isomers of various molecules containing polyene chains. The CC stretching band shifts towards lower wavenumbers with growth of the conjugation length or masses of the end groups and to higher wavenumbers in the presence of the side CH

The article discusses the main approaches to the study of advertising communication, expressed in the works of philosophical schools of the XX century. The purpose of the work is to analyze advertising communication in the discourse of neo-Marxists, structuralists and post-structuralists. The analysis of socio-philosophical criticism in relation to advertising and its impact on social reality. The similarities and differences in the approaches to the study of advertising in neo-Marxism, structuralism and post-structuralism are revealed. It is concluded that the concepts presented have certain areas of contact in matters of advertising, especially in the field of social and communicative aspects. The considered philosophical schools see in advertising a social institution, with its mechanism of influence on society, which takes part in all social relations concerning the formation of the social coordinates of a person and his values. However, the study also revealed certain differences in the approaches to the study of the language of advertising and the qualitative nature of its impact on society.

The article discusses the modern phenomenon of the information society - clip culture. Aim - to analyze the impact of advertising on modern society as an element of clip culture. The approaches to the definition of the “clip-like” phenomenon in foreign and domestic studies are identified. The genesis of clip culture in the context of the development of audiovisual advertising is considered. It is concluded that advertising in clip culture directly contributes to the decomposition of the linear logical structure of society, forming a new kind of person with fragmented, emotionally-imaginative thinking - Homo Figuralis (from the Latin. "Shaped man").

Raman spectra of liquid ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) and 1,3-propylene glycol (1,3-PG) were analyzed in terms of the conformational composition of the molecules. The analysis was based on comparison of the experimental spectra with the results of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structure, energy and Raman spectra for 10 conformations of EG molecule, 27 conformations of 1,2-PG molecule and 25 conformations of 1,3-PG molecule. The gas-phase approximation calculations well describe the main features of the experimental spectra of the liquid substances in the region 600 – 1600 cm−1. Calculations for clusters of EG molecules showed that an increase in the number of molecules in a cluster leads to significant improvement of the agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra. The conformations of molecules in the clusters are strongly distorted in comparison with the results of the gas-phase approximation. Thus, the intermolecular interactions influence significantly the conformational order and the Raman spectra of the diols.

We carried out calculations of non-resonance Raman spectra of s-carotene and polyenes CH2 (CH CH )n-2CH CH2 using the density functional theory (DFT). We revealed that the peak positions and intensities of the C C and C C stretching bands depend on length of the polyene chain and type of the isomer. Our experimental non-resonance Raman spectra of s-carotene powder match well the DFT-simulated Raman spectrum of s-carotene in the all-trans form. The peak positions and relative intensities of the C C and C C stretching bands of s-carotene turned out to be similar in the resonance and non-resonance Raman spectra. An increase in the number of conjugated double bonds (n = 3–30) in a polyene structure results in a monotonous shift of the positions of the most intense C C and C C bands towards lower wavenumbers with an increase in the band intensities. An increase in the isomer number results in the monotonous decrease of the C C stretching band intensity for polyenes with 9, 10, 11, 15 and 24 double bonds. An increase in the isomer number inhomogeneously influences the form, position and intensity of the C C stretching band.

Experimental Raman spectra of liquid and solid polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with various molecular weights were compared with the results of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structure, energies and Raman spectra of molecules in the trans and 72 helical conformations with various orientations of the terminal groups were calculated for PEG molecule with 9 monomer units. Recorded spectrum of PEG with the average molecular weight of 400 Da (8–9 monomer units) matches very well the calculated spectrum of the most thermodynamically stable g’G(TTG)8g’ conformation. DFT-calculated Raman spectra for the g’G(TTG)ng’ conformation depend on the amount of the monomer units in PEG molecule. The peak position of the PEG Raman line at about 1100 cm−1 can be used to estimate the molecular weight distribution of short molecules.

The effect of the heat treatment duration on the electron paramagnetic resonance signal amplitude of free radicals for various wood species was observed. It was found that the amplitude of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal grows linearly with the vacuum heat treatment duration. The quantitative measurements of color changes for various wood species (pine, spruce, larch, birch and small-leaved lime) were performed. It is found that results of EPR experiments and color measurements of heat treated samples correlate with each other.

Monitoring the transient buildup of laser emission is proposed as a simple method for spectro-temporal intracavity diagnostics of laser transitions and materials. Using this method, we determined the absolute magnitude of both laser emission and absorption cross sections for a line-narrowed tunable Er/sup 3+/-fiber laser. >

The system of electrodes of the uniform field of the slot of high-voltage turbo- and hydrogenerators is designed and investigated. This system is determined as a result of the investigation of the mutual distribution of equigradient and equipotential lines of the electric field in the interelectrode space of the stator slot. By applying the profile of the uniform field, the nonuniform part of the field with high strength is excluded. It helps to increase the insulation strength. "Life term" of the bars with the full field reduction was higher than for similar bars with a partial reduction. The system of electrodes of the uniform field is designed for the stator winding of turbogenerators at the rated voltage 36-60 kV and for the hydrogenerators of special manufacture at the extra high rated voltage 220 kV.

The electrical aging of insulation used in high-voltage electrical machines in operation is investigated. Ionizational aging of multicomponent insulation is shown as a family of isodestruction lines which can be shown to relate to equigradient lines in the image of the electrical field. Results are then used to perfect the design of the insulation and high-voltage windings. The peculiarity of ionizational destruction of stator winding insulation during operation is reduced to long-term slow electrical aging of multicomponent dielectric partials which are regularly distributed and differ on corona resistance in conditions of sharply non-uniform electrical field at small operating level of its intensity. The process runs simultaneously in all volume of insulation, and its intensity in each point is determined by influencing intensity, by ability of insulation components to resist to it and by duration of aging.