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Whether it's concrete technology, design approaches, or the creation of novel materials, there's always a time delay between laboratory innovations and their practical implementations in the construction sector. However, practical application of steel fibre reinforced concrete is much ahead in the field of research and development. The purpose of this research was to examine the flexural behaviour of high-performance fibre reinforced concrete (HPFRC) in particular. HPFRC mix has been designed to obtain a concrete grade of M60. The modified IS technique is used to create the mix design. Dosage of superplasticizer was adjusted for each mix with incremental fibre content. Steel fibre used in the study comprised of crimpled fibre having 0.4 mm diameter and aspect ratio of 69.09. The hooked end fibre bearing 0.62 mm and aspect ratio of 69.09 is also used. The volume of the fraction of steel fibre namely 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 %, 1 %, 1.25 % and 1.5 % used in this experimental investigation. Results indicate that introduction of steel fibre significantly improved not only the crack behaviour but also increased the flexural strength significantly. Addition of steel fibre to HPFRC imparted significant increase in Young’s Modulus. Strength studies were conducted by means of Young’s Modulus for 28 days respectively for M 60 concrete. The goal of this study is to determine the role of fibres in post-cracking and fracture behaviour of concrete, as well as the stress–strain behaviour of cracked concrete specimen.

Investigation focus the major problem of the compression ignition engine such as high smoke and oxides of nitrogen emission which cause health effect to human beings and alternate energy for an I.C engine. The simple and effective method for controlling the smoke and NOx emission in diesel engine could be achieved only by means of fuel reformulation. NOx emission was further improved by means of combusting of nanofluid emulsion as an injected fuel. In this present study experimental investigation was done in Kirloskar single cylinder, four stroke, constant speed, water cooled, and compression ignition engine coupled with the eddy current dynamometer. The experimental set up consists of AVL DI-gas analyser and AVL smoke meter was used for the measurement of HC, CO, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions. The emission characteristics showed better improvement for the reformulated fuel such as diesel emulsion and diesel nano emulsion. Smoke emission of the diesel emulsion was reduced from 46.2% to 44% and the oxides of nitrogen emission also reduced from 520 ppm to 320 ppm at peak power output compared to the diesel fuel. An oxide of nitrogen emission was further reduced to 250 ppm by addition of nano particle in the diesel emulsion. Combusting of reformulated Fuel in the diesel engine was a simple and effective method for improving the smoke and oxides of nitrogen emission, further improvement was achieved by addition of nano particle in the emulsified fuel.

Due to increasing automobiles, power plants and factories, increasing of this automobiles, power plants produce the more emissions like CO, HC and NOx. So that the world is searching for the alternative fuel, which will not create any harm to the environment and also it would be less in cost. Biodiesel is one of the main solutions to the global energy crisis. In this present work studied the performances and emission characteristics of watermelon Seed Oil Bio-diesel (WSO). Use of additives for better combustion characteristics to the biodiesel. The blends of Watermelon Seed oil (WSO) with the additives Aluminum oxide are B10 + 20 PPM CeO2, B20 + 20PPM CeO2, B30 + 20 PPM CeO2. This blends were analyzed and their performance and emissions characteristics compared with performance and emission characteristics of diesel. Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine exhaust gas emissions are reduced with increase biodiesel concentration.

In modern days, due to the increase in the automobile pollution and energy crisis has been major concern that world is facing. So, discovering a alternate source of fuel that can partially replace the conventional fuel sources is certainly necessary. Biodiesel is one such alternate fuel source that can fractionally meet the energy requirement. Additionally, control of Green House Gases (GHG) also plays a vital role in conserving the environment. In the present research article, the emission and performance characteristics of Citrus Medica Peel Oil bio diesel dosed with Cerium Oxide (CeO2) nano particle additive was studied. As well the engine cylinder liner and piston head were coated with Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) of thickness 300 µm and 150 µm respectively to furthermore improve the performance characteristics. TBC was done with Zirconia Stabilized with Yttria and Ceria (Zirconia 85%, Yttria 10%, and Ceria 5%). Air Plasma Spray Technique (APS) was employed to carry out the coating. Finally, the emission and performance analysis were carrier out with DCO, B15, B20, B25 blends in single cylinder compression ignition engine with TBC and with and without TBC under same testing conditions. It was found that Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of B20 + 15 ppm was marginally higher and with TBC the Specific Fuel Consumption is reduced by 10.59% and there was rise in frictional power loss. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) escalated by 8-15⁰C. Regarding the emissions, there was accountable decline in Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The morphology of coating remained undifferentiated after 20 h of uninterrupted operation of engine but with only excess carbon deposits on the surface.

In this paper, discussing in detail on how the thermal efficiency of the cooking stove fuelled by firewood can be increased to achieve maximum efficiency. For this purpose, a biomass stove is fabricated and tested domestically for regular household chores. Unlike regular biomass stoves, a number of design optimizations were made while fabrication to achieve the end goal. Biomass energizes are still being used by large number of populations in remote areas around the globe where the access to LPG gas stoves is limited because of location proximity and economy. Its simplistic design makes it unsuitable to perform any controlled test because they are known to display lots of variability in their performance. So, the other objective of this paper is to comprehend and characterize range of process involved inside the biomass stove and put forth a thorough analysis on all the variables to better configure for future use.

Go-Kart design and development helps in implying the theoretical knowledge into the practical aspect. It also helps to learn about various parameters that can be altered and implied to try to improve the performance of the kart. Go-kart is of various types namely internal combustion engine (IC) powered, Electric driven, solar powered and Hybrid. This project is aimed to convert an IC engine Go-kart into an Electric driven kart, the Frame of the IC engine kart requires a single mount as it needs only Engine and it is developed using SOLIDWORKS, whereas in Electric driven it is a combination of Battery, Motor and Controller and hence it requires a large number of mounts and cross members to support the components, the conversion of IC powered engine frame into an Electric driven needs some alteration to support the components and a new frame was developed using SOLIDWORKS. Both frames are analysed using ANSYS for different types of impacts namely front, side and rear in accordance with the load distribution that acts in the frame and the deformation results are compared.

In India most of the small scale industries and traders would modify their vehicle body in order to maximize the load carrying capacity of the truck for economical reason. These alteration are done without proper design and analysis. In this work the vehicle body is designed to increase the pay load capacity of mini truck from 1.5 tons to 2 tons. The proposed model is analyzed for distributed load, line load and impact load due to cylindrical object. The impact analysis is done by assuming a set of cylinders weighing 1 tons dropped from 1 cm height. The vehicle body is modelled in CATIA and analyzed using ANSYS 16.2 FEA commercial software. The material chosen for analysis is mild steel. The strength of the body is assessed using deformation, stress and factor of safety value obtained from FEA analysis. The stress concentration is high at intersection point of body and chassis and also at top corner of the side channels and it is reduced by design modification. The final results shows that the proposed design is safe for the assumed.

Because of increasing automobiles, power plants and factories, increasing of this automobiles, power plants produce the more emissions like CO, HC and NOx. So that the world is searching for the alternative fuel, which will not create any harm to the environment and also it would be less in cost. Biodiesel is one of the main solutions to the global energy crisis. In this present work studied the performances and emission characteristics of Tamarind Seed Oil Bio-diesel (TSO). Use of additives for better combustion characteristics to the biodiesel. The blends of Tamarind Seed oil (TSO) with the additives Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are B10 + 20 PPM Al2O3, B20 + 20PPM Al2O3, B30 + 20 PPM Al2O3. This blends were analyzed and their performance and emissions characteristics compared with performance and emission characteristics of diesel. Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine exhaust gas emissions are reduced with increase biodiesel concentration.

The depletion of natural energy resources are the major concern in the world therefore the researcher’s focus is to utilize the renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, tidal etc. The importance of the effective usage and utilization of the natural resources are the current focus among scientific community. One of the abundantly available energy resource among all the natural resource is solar energy. Nowadays, Phase Change Materials (PCM) are used for storing the heat energy in the heaters to get efficient system. The function of solar water heater is to heat the water and supply the hot water during day time from the storage tank. But, the PCM installed solar water heater stores the heat energy during day time and supply the hot water even at night time for domestic purposes. Several experiments were conducted to optimize the developed system to get better output. Aluminium Oxide nano fillers are used to find the energy storing capacity and compared the results with and without nanofiller. From the obtained results, PCM absorbs more the heat energy and release the heat for longer duration. The nanofiller also improved the water temperature of 33% more than other commercial water heaters.

The overall aim behind the work presented in this thesis is to gain and apply an understanding of the coupled mechanical and metallurgical effects of TIG welding of nickel-base super alloy (IN718) by using experimentally validated finite element model, which employed for identify the location and size of recrystallized zone (HAZ) and hot cracking susceptible zone in HAZ. • To develop an efficient and reliable Finite Element Model of TIG welding moving heat source and proper validation based on the experimental measurements. • To experimental validation of thermal cycle predicted by FE model and study the data acquisition (DAQ) process and effectiveness of thermocouple. • To analyze the thermal stress distribution pattern, FZ size and HAZ size by using finite element model. • To investigate the susceptibility of HAZ hot cracking in INCONEL 718 weldment using FEM solutions.

Composite is made of two or more elements with different physical or chemical properties are combined together to form a new material. The property of the produced material shows elevated properties when compared to individual elements. Composites has two major elements called matrixes and reinforcements. Aluminium matrix composites are commonly used in many industrial and automobile applications because of its availability, high strength to weight ratio, good wear and corrosion resistance. Reinforcement is added into the composite to improve the tribological and mechanical properties, also it reduces the cost of the composites. The Al2O3 and SiC are the favourable elements for aluminium to make to make internal bonding between the matrix and reinforcement. In this research work, the new material is formulated using powder metallurgy process, aluminium is selected as matrix material and waste Al2O3material from oil refinery industry is used as reinforcement material. The composition of new materials is 0%, 5% and 10% were added as reinforcement based on weight. The produced substrate is tested for mechanical properties such as hardness, compression. The tribological properties such as wear and friction were tested using pin on disc tribometer. The characterisation is done on the produced substrate using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction.

In real time automotive electrical systems, an alternator is usually used for charging the vehicle. The alternator generates AC voltage which is converted into DC voltage through rectifier of an alternator and this DC voltage helps to charging the vehicle’s battery. The alternator further coupled with the vacuum pump, provides vacuum to the suction line of the vehicle’s braking system. The rotor of the vacuum pump is made of mild steel which weighs high. Hence, it may act as a load to the alternator and reduces its efficiency. In the proposed model, efficiency and performance characteristics of the alternator are improved by reducing the mass of the rotor. Here, the mild steel is replaced by aluminum metal which weighs less. By using this, the mass of the vacuum pump is reduced, due to which the output power of the alternator gets increased. This increase in output power improves the efficiency of an alternator and subsequently the performance of the vehicle’s charging system is improved.

The model having two types of I.R LED (emitter), photoelectric sensor which provide the signal to motor via the transistor. The LED which emit the light it is wrapped up by sensors in the white surface. The Line follower robot is model which can identify and track the line drawn on the floor. Hence this model must be in sense the line with IR sensors. The processor is used to make a decision the correct signals. In this study, discuss the process design, development of material behavior, applications etc. The Line follower robot is a mobile based machine that can detect and follow the line drawn on the floor. This kind of model should sense the Infrared Ray sensor that fitted in the system.

In railway locomotives, vacuum brakes is using as an alternative of air brake. The vacuum pump, brake pipe is using to make vacuum. The integral arrangement of brake cylinders uses the vacuum tank to applications of the brake. Currently a lot of light duty vehicle are built with the vacuum assist the hydraulic brake system. The vacuum brake system is used to analysis the functioning in both light and heavy vehicle. The vacuum was formed from the engine and use to building the application of the brake. The systems operation are alike an air brake system. In the vacuum brake systems, the vacuum was used before compressed air which used in the air braking system. The design and modified systems include vacuum braking system.

The main fuel for transport is diesel. It adds to the success of overall economy, as it is widely used due to its high efficiency in combustion, versatility, unwavering quality and cost-effectivene...

Electroless Ni–P and Ni–P–CuO coating on mild steel was developed successfully with the addition of Zwitterionic surfactant. The usage of nano-CuO in electroless coating was intermittent though the cost is low with high catalytic activity. Zwitterionic surfactant was introduced into the composite coating for the first time to increase the suspension of nanoparticles effectively during the coating process. Surfactant helps to reduce the intermolecular attraction between the solid and liquid interfaces and hence binding of nanoparticles with the hydrogen gas bubbles was eliminated. Also agglomeration of nanoparticles was controlled by stirring the electrolyte continuously using magnetic stirrer. The characterization and tribological properties were tested for the newly developed composites. Scanning electron microscope micrograph reveals the deposits are produced without any defects and the presence of CuO nanoparticles in the deposit. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy measurement shows the changes of weight percentage of elements available in the substrate. The surface roughness of the deposit was improved with the addition of CuO, it packs the gap between two grains and offers smooth finish and as the result the surface properties are modified. Microhardness of the substrate was improved for the substrate added with nano-CuO. The corrosion resistance of the substrate was improved when compared to the substrate produced using electroless Ni–P binary coating. Zwitterionic surfactant reduces the agglomeration of nanoparticles during chemical reaction and allows the particles to coat only on the target. Similarly, this technique can be implemented in the production of other composites in electroless coatings.

In the recent times, the limitations on the exhaust emissions of the internal combustion engines are becoming increasingly rigorous due to environmental safety. Carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen,...

Global warming and noise pollution are rapidly rising as catastrophic crises of the hour. Therefore, many pieces of research of the recent times are focused on addressing a solution to these issues...

Major portion of today’s energy demand in the world is being satisfied with fossil fuels. On the record of confronting the energy crisis, bio fuels have been utilized as a promising source of fuel for IC Engines. This research work is to prove that with necessary modifications in Compression Ignition (CI) engine, the efficiency can be improved and it can be made equivalent or still better than mineral diesels. An experimental investigation was made to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using different blends of pumpkin seed oil with cerium oxide and nano particle as additive in diesel. Pumpkin seed oil was blended with diesel in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. Performance and emission parameters were studied under different loading conditions in CI engines.

This paper is a review about the manufacture of polymer matrix composite by the filler materials, property and its preparation. Day by day the role of composite materials in industrial and household applications is increased. By using the variety of matrix, reinforcement and filler materials the polymer composite obtains from it. To improve the mechanical properties of the polymer composite, important role is played by filler materials. There is a unique property for each type of filler materials, which is altered by changing the percentage of filler materials. Filler materials important purpose is to reduce the cost of material and it increase the mechanical properties, that also use to increase surface finish and thermal property. In this paper, the elaboration of polymer materials and its uses are discussed, which held later the synthesis of polymer composite by different fillers. The filler properties, manufacture methods, polymer composite properties are discussed.