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Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La videocápsula endoscópica (VCE) y la enteroscopia asistida por balón son métodos diagnósticos complementarios en el estudio de la hemorragia de intestino delgado, donde diversos factores pueden afectar su rendimiento diagnóstico. Objetivos: Definir el grado de concordancia entre la VCE y la enteroscopia en la hemorragia de intestino delgado según el tipo de lesión, en una cohorte de pacientes de un centro referencia de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: En un etudio retrospectivo, se realizaron 428 VCE entre 2011 y 2019 en la institución. Se analizaron en total de 74 VCE con posterior realización de enteroscopia en 71 pacientes con sospecha de hemorragia de intestino delgado. Resultados: Se realizaron ambos procedimientos diagnósticos en 42 mujeres con una edad media entre 63.9 ± 13.5 años. El rendimiento diagnóstico global de hallazgos positivos entre VCE y enteroscopia fue de 86.5% vs. 58.1%, respectivamente, y una p = 0.0527), la concordancia entre VCE y enteroscopia para hallazgos positivos patológicos fue débil Ik = 0.17 (IC 95% -0.0097-0.3543); sin embargo, según el tipo de lesión fue buena para lesiones inflamatorias Ik = 0.71 (IC 95% 0.5182-0.9119), moderada para angiectasias Ik = 0.45 (IC 95% 0.2469-0.6538) y tumores Ik = 0.40 (IC 95% 0.1217-0.6794). Los resultados entre ambos estudios difirieron en 38 pacientes (51.3%). Retención completa intestinal de la VCE en un paciente (1.4%). La hemorragia activa se evidenció en 13 pacientes (17.6%). Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia que la tasa de detección global de lesiones del intestino delgado de ambas técnicas es similar; sin embargo, el principal factor que puede modificar la concordancia diagnóstica es el tipo de lesión. Abstract: Introduction: Video capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy are complementary diagnostic methods in the study of small bowel bleeding, and different factors can affect their diagnostic yield. Aims: To define the level of agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy in small bowel bleeding, according to the type of lesion, in a cohort of patients at a tertiary care referral center. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included 428 capsule endoscopies performed within the time frame of 2011 and 2019 at our healthcare institution. Seventy-four video capsule endoscopies, followed by enteroscopy, in 71 patients suspected of presenting with small bowel bleeding, were analyzed. Results: Mean patient age was 63.9 ± 13.5 years and 42 patients were women. The two diagnostic procedures were performed. Overall diagnostic yield of positive findings between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy was 86.5% vs. 58.1%, respectively (p = 0.0527). Agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy for positive pathologic findings was weak (Ik = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.0097-0.3543), but according to lesion type, it was good for inflammatory lesions (Ik = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.5182-0.9119) and moderate for angiectasias (Ik = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2469-0.6538) and tumors (Ik = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.1217-0.6794). The results between the two methods differed in 38 patients (51.3%). There was complete intestinal capsule retention in one patient (1.4%) and active bleeding in 13 (17.6%). Conclusions: The present study showed that the two techniques had a similar overall detection rate for small bowel lesions, but the type of lesion was the main factor that could modify diagnostic agreement.

Introduction: Video capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy are complementary diagnostic methods in the study of small bowel bleeding, and different factors can affect their diagnostic yield. Aims: To define the level of agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy in small bowel bleeding, according to the type of lesion, in a cohort of patients at a tertiary care referral center. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included 428 capsule endoscopies performed within the time frame of 2011 and 2019 at our healthcare institution. Seventy-four video capsule endoscopies, followed by enteroscopy, in 71 patients suspected of presenting with small bowel bleeding, were analyzed. Results: Mean patient age was 63.9 ± 13.5 years and 42 patients were women. The two diagnostic procedures were performed. Overall diagnostic yield of positive findings between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy was 86.5% vs. 58.1%, respectively (p = 0.0527). Agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy for positive pathologic findings was weak (Ik = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.0097-0.3543), but according to lesion type, it was good for inflammatory lesions (Ik = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.5182-0.9119) and moderate for angiectasias (Ik = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2469-0.6538) and tumors (Ik = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.1217-0.6794). The results between the two methods differed in 38 patients (51.3%). There was complete intestinal capsule retention in one patient (1.4%) and active bleeding in 13 (17.6%). Conclusions: The present study showed that the two techniques had a similar overall detection rate for small bowel lesions, but the type of lesion was the main factor that could modify diagnostic agreement. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La videocápsula endoscópica (VCE) y la enteroscopia asistida por balón son métodos diagnósticos complementarios en el estudio de la hemorragia de intestino delgado, donde diversos factores pueden afectar su rendimiento diagnóstico. Objetivos: Definir el grado de concordancia entre la VCE y la enteroscopia en la hemorragia de intestino delgado según el tipo de lesión, en una cohorte de pacientes de un centro referencia de alta complejidad. Materiales y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo; 428 VCE se realizaron entre el año 2011 a 2019 en la institución. Se analizaron total de 74 VCE con posterior realización de enteroscopia en 71 pacientes con sospecha de hemorragia de intestino delgado. Resultados: Edad media: 63,9 ± 13,5 años, 42 mujeres; realizamos ambos procedimientos diagnósticos. El rendimiento diagnóstico global de hallazgos positivos entre VCE y enteroscopia fue (86.5% vs. 58.1%, respectivamente p = 0.0527), la concordancia entre VCE y enteroscopia para hallazgos positivos patológicos fue débil Ik = 0,17 (IC 95% -0.0097-0.3543); sin embargo, según el tipo de lesión fue buena para lesiones inflamatorias Ik = 0,71 (IC 95% 0.5182-0.9119), moderada para angiectasias Ik = 0,45 (IC 95% 0.2469-0.6538) y tumores Ik = 0,40 (IC 95% 0.1217-0.6794). Los resultados entre ambos estudios difirieron en 38 pacientes (51.3%). Retención completa intestinal de la VCE en 1 paciente (1.4%). Hemorragia activa se evidencio en 13 pacientes (17.6%). Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia que la tasa de detección global de lesiones del intestino delgado de ambas técnicas es similar; sin embargo, el principal factor que puede modificar la concordancia diagnóstica es el tipo de lesión.

This study reports the first occurrence of Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Brazil. Chicken manure samples, collected at two-week interval, were taken to the laboratory and the pupae were extracted by the method of flotation. Each pupa was placed in capsules of colorless gelatin until the emergence of dipterous or their parasitoids. In the study, ten pupae of Fannia pusio (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Fanniidae) were obtained, two of which yielded the parasitoid M. raptorellus . The percentage of parasitism was 5.0%.

ABSTRACT: This study carried out a survey about enteropathogenic agents in domestic cats’ shelter as a stage of investigation for the intermittent chronic diarrhea. Individual fecal samples from 39 cats with free access to the external environment were submitted to parasitological examination, parvovirus, and coronavirus by PCR, and Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus by real-time PCR. From the cats evaluated, 30 (76.9%) were positive for one or more enteric agents, and coinfections were observed in 11 cats samples (28.2%). Helminth eggs were observed in 48.7% of cats (19/30), 16 (41%) were positive for parvovirus or coronavirus and 25.6% (10/30) were infected by protozoa. From the positives for protozoa, five cats were positive to T. foetus (12.82%). The first finding of this protozoan through PCR was in the southern Brazil, and the second was in the whole country. Chronic diarrhea in cats may be multifactorial in shelter animals where the population density is high and the control of parasitic, and viral infections are deficient. Moreover, it is due to poor hygiene conditions in these shelters. The factors associated with the proliferation of infectious diseases in shelters are correlated with new pathogens infections such as T. foetus.

It was reported the occurrence of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) as a parasitoid of pupae of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) in the extreme Southern of Brazil. The collection of pupae was performed in January and February, 2008. The pupae of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were collected from bovine feces using the flotation method. The pupae were individualized in glass tubes and maintained in acclimatized chamber at 27±2ºC with relative air humidity > 70% until the emergence of the flies or the parasitoids. The referred occurrence consists in the first report to Rio Grande do Sul.

ABSTRACT: Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases that include interstitial lung fibrosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and pathological findings of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in three cats and to investigate possible etiological agents through bacteriological and mycological exams and immunohistochemistry. All three cats were female and aged from 10 to 14 years old, they presented with a clinical history of weight loss and dyspnea. The radiographic changes were similar in all cats and included increased pulmonary radiopacity with a mixed bronchointerstitial pattern progressing to an alveolar pattern. Two cats died during lung biopsy procedures. At necropsy, the lesions were limited to the pulmonary parenchyma and were firm, hypocrepitant with a multinodular appearance on the pleural surface; they failed to completely collapse when the thorax was opened. In the pleural region, there were multifocal star-shaped scarring lesions, with parenchymal retraction. Microscopically, all three cats had multifocal-to-coalescing fibrosis, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchioles and an accumulation of macrophages within the alveolar spaces. There was no growth on bacteriological or mycological cultures, and the immunohistochemical evaluations for the presence of viral etiological agents (FIV, FeLV, FCoV, FCV and FHV-1) were also negative.