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Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the challenge of introducing methods for investigating patients reducing or eliminating the probability of infection of medical staff is currently relevant. This article provides an analytical review of new technological approaches to organizing the work of medical personnel in carrying out auscultation of patients with COVID-19. The development and approval of such technologies is shown to have started around the world. The ubiquitous and large-scale introduction of these methods into medical practice therefore seems expedient.

A criterion of the quality of fresh frozen blood plasma (FFP) is the activity of clotting factor VIII (FVIII).Aim — to identify technological barriers in the study of FVIII thermolability and to describe the requirements for experiments, providing new knowledge about the thermolability of this factor.Basic information. An analysis of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the study of the mechanisms responsible for reducing the value of FVIII activity in donor blood plasma from the moment of donation to the moment of transfusion was carried out. Data on the decrease in FVIII activity at various stages of work with blood plasma are presented. An analysis of methods for preparing samples for studying changes in the values of FVIII in donor blood plasma was performed. The existence of contradictory conclusions about the infl uence on the change in FVIII at the thawing stage of various values of the effects on FFP and poor knowledge of the change in the indicator at the stage of heating to the transfusion temperature after the end of the phase transition in the samples was established. The fundamental differences in the methods of preparing and conducting experiments in previous works are determined. Methods for increasing the reliability of experimental results for studying the thermal lability of FVIII are proposed.

Competitive devices for sealing tubes of polymer containers with blood and its components have been developed. The devices are intended for use at blood transfusion stations and mobile donor blood collection units.

The possibility of using passive microwave remote sensing technologies to monitor the hydrological situation along pipeline routes, including oil and gas pipelines, is being considered. The possibility of detecting potentially dangerous sections along pipeline routes, dams, railways and highways is shown to assess risky situations. Existing and prospective scanning and trace microwave radiometric systems capable of solving this problem are described. The main technical characteristics of existing and new radiometric systems are given. The advantages of using radiometric monitoring tools on board unmanned aerial vehicles are considered.

A competitive functional line of plasma extractors for blood service was developed using innovative technologies. The developed extractors can be used for preparation of blood components and blood-derived products.

A medical refrigerator for safe storage of blood components and products has been designed. The refrigerator can be used at blood transfusion stations and departments. Its main parameters and operation are described.

The results of designing a printed ultra-wideband antenna intended for use as a part of a multichannel microwave radiometer are presented. The design of a ring-shaped antenna with a built-in infrared sensor for measuring skin temperature is proposed. The results of numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field of the antenna in tissues of a biological object are presented. The results of calculating the voltage standing wave ratio, measurement depth of the antenna, the resolution, and the distribution of radiation power over the tissue volume under study are presented.

A new approach to the problem of ensuring the accuracy of the process of heat treatment of albumin solution is described. The results of experimental studies confirming the effectiveness of the developed device for the inactivation of viruses in blood products are presented.

Laser refraction analyzers are shown to hold much promise for eyesight assessment and effective treatment of amblyopia, nystagmus, aphakia, visual fatigue, progressing myopia in children and adolescents, and strabismus. They can also be used for vision rehabilitation after work involving eye strain.

Microwave thermometry provides noninvasive detection of thermal inhomogeneity in biological tissues, early diagnosis of oncological diseases, and correction of treatment based on changes in the parameters of the body’s electromagnetic radiation. We present an analytical review of developments in medical radiometers. Challenges hindering the development of radiometry are identified, as are proposed solutions.

The problems of designing a microwave radiometer for thermal monitoring of pelvic organs were considered. Based on mathematical modeling, a waveguide antenna for intracavitary diagnostics was developed. The antenna was tested in various phantoms and biological tissues. The obtained results can be used in various fields of medicine and robotics.

Microwave radiometry is based on measurement of the intrinsic electromagnetic irradiation of a patient’s internal tissues in the ultra-high frequency range. It is used with success in clinical practice. Results of studies of the diagnostic potential of microwave radiometry in different forms of acute pyelonephritis, renal colic, and acute inflammatory diseases of the prostate have demonstrated its informativeness and safety and have determined the value of this method in complex (including early) diagnosis and for monitoring of treatment efficacy. Use of microwave radiometry has been shown to reduce the number of errors and to increase the informativeness of existing X-ray and ultrasound diagnostic methods at the early stages of acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and prostate.

The results of the development and testing of an experimental model of a noninvasive system for functional diagnostics of the brain based on the principles of multichannel microwave radiometry are presented.

The possibility of detecting oil films on a water surface using passive radar, i.e., microwave radiometers, is considered. Current and prospective microwave radiometric systems that function in different ranges of wavelengths are described. The main technical characteristics of existing radiometric systems are presented. It is shown that the method of microwave radiometry may be used to detect oil films on a water surface.

Thermal radiation by the multilayered structure of the part of the body containing the kidney was modeled for adaptation of waveguide antennas developed for use in breast examination to use in urology. These calculations confirmed the possibility of using microwave radiometry to detect vesicoureteral reflux and other renal pathologies.

The simulation of the technological process of high-frequency welding of polymeric materials used for the manufacture of polymer tubes was carried out. The results of calculating the dependence of the heating temperature of the polymer tube on the heating time at various amplitudes of high-frequency voltage were presented. The dependences of the process parameters (voltage amplitude and power of the RF generator) on the geometric parameters of the sealed polymer tubes were calculated.

The physical basis of microwave radiometry and the construction and technical characteristics of different types of antenna applicators used in medical radiometers are discussed. We present results obtained during the development and the potential uses of new types of antenna applicators in different areas of medicine.

Mathematical simulation of heat-exchange processes in a breast with a malignant tumor was carried out taking into account thermophysical properties of internal tissues. The results of calculation of the physical temperature in the breast and the brightness temperature for four antennas used in breast care are presented. The obtained results can be used in developing new medical antennas and radiometers with improved characteristics.

The results of development and testing of a line of automated systems for thawing cryopreserved blood components are presented. The developed systems provide a significant increase in the safety of use and quality of blood components. Investigation tests of experimental models showed that the developed automated systems met the prespecified requirements for the parameters of the technological processes for thawing cryopreserved plasma and red blood cells.

Cryosurgery has such advantages as easy implementation, painlessness, high accuracy, low recurrence rate, and lasting cosmetic effect. However, application of liquid nitrogen as a spray or using a cotton swab does not provide cryonecrosis of pathological tissues. The required cooling rate can be obtained using special cryogenic devices. The KM-01 and KM-02 devices are designed for removal of pathologically changed tissues by exposure to liquid nitrogen. The KM-01 device is used for contact cryodestruction. It is implemented as a container for liquid nitrogen coated with thermal insulator. A cannula at the bottom of the container allows replaceable metal tips of various shapes and sizes to be attached to the container. The KM-02 device can be used for both contact and contactless cryodestruction. To provide surgery at poorly accessible areas, the device was made compatible with a large range of tips of complicated shapes, as well as rigid and flexible tubes of various lengths. During contact surgery, both the tip and the skin area in direct contact with the tip are cooled, while in contactless surgery only the skin area is cooled by spraying. The areas of application of the devices include dermatology, cosmetology, dentistry, oncology, surgery, gynecology, and otolaryngology.

Thermal design of devices for safe storage of biological objects was performed. Three-dimensional models of a safe storage device with multi-layer walls were constructed. Computational experiments with subsequent analysis of the temperature distribution over the computational domain and the time dependence of various parameters were performed.

A device for passive mechanotherapy of lower limbs was developed to meet the demand for automated systems for mechanotherapy. The device provides accelerated rehabilitation after injuries of the musculoskeletal system and strokes.

A mathematical model of the physical process of storage of platelet-containing transfusion media in polymer containers is described. The thermohydrodynamic approach is used. A method for calculation of the transition processes of temperature stabilization in the platelet concentrate is suggested. The results of calculation of characteristics of typical storage modes differing by their initial conditions are presented.

The requirements on the functional characteristics, capabilities, and structural components of devices for safe storage of platelet-containing transfusion media are specified. Block diagrams of a storage device and an electro-mechanical stirrer providing operation in the selected mode are suggested. A prototype device is described.

The advantages of using polymer welding in a high-frequency electromagnetic field for sealing containers of valuable products and preparations are considered. Results of development and research tests of devices intended for welding polymeric container tubes used in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields are presented.

The possibility of using microwave radiometer sounding for monitoring dangerous fire situations in forests is examined in this article. The need to use complex multi-frequency sounding is justified. The possibility and expediency of using a multi-channel scanning aviation complex to solve the stated problem are evaluated.

Research results directed on creation of the device for safe storage of transfusion environments containing platelets with the use of thermal stabilization system based on semiconductor thermoelectric elements, information support of storage process monitoring and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies are considered. ?�alculation results of the storage modes that differ the initial conditions of the process are given. Three-dimensional models of a device based on multi-layer walls are elaborated. Computational experiments with subsequent analysis of the temperature distribution on the computational domain are described.