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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs. Resumen: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más común a nivel mundial en adultos mayores. Se caracteriza por la pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas (nDAs) en la sustancia nigra pars compacta del mesencéfalo y en algunos casos acompañada de la aparición de cuerpos intracitoplásmaticos de Lewy de α-sinucleína, signo patognomónico de la enfermedad. La EP se diagnostica clínicamente por la presencia de alteraciones motoras principalmente y en la actualidad los tratamientos presentan nula actividad neuroprotectora. Aún no se han establecido las causas exactas de la EP, por lo que, en los últimos años se ha buscado el desarrollo de modelos preclínicos más precisos, utilizando células troncales pluripotentes inducidas (iPSCs). Permitiendo el estudio de la enfermedad de manera in vitro para generar conocimiento novedoso sobre su patogénesis y el descubrimiento de nuevos posibles blancos terapéuticos o el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos.

Resumen: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más común a nivel mundial en adultos mayores. Se caracteriza por la pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas (nDAs) en la sustancia nigra pars compacta del mesencéfalo y en algunos casos acompañada de la aparición de cuerpos intracitoplasmáticos de Lewy de α -sinucleína, signo patognomónico de la enfermedad. La EP se diagnostica clínicamente por la presencia de alteraciones motoras principalmente, y en la actualidad los tratamientos presentan nula actividad neuroprotectora. Aún no se han establecido las causas exactas de la EP, por lo que en los últimos años se ha buscado el desarrollo de modelos preclínicos más precisos, utilizando células troncales pluripotentes inducidas, permitiendo el estudio de la enfermedad de manera in vitro para generar conocimiento novedoso sobre su patogénesis y el descubrimiento de nuevos posibles blancos terapéuticos o el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells. In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells. In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are fundamental health concerns all around the world. The development of novel treatments and new techniques to address these disorders, are being actively studied by researchers and medical personnel. In the present review we will discuss the application of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for cell-therapy replacement and disease modelling. The aim of iPSCs is to restore the functionality of the damaged tissue by replacing the impaired cells with competitive ones. To achieve this objective, iPSCs can be properly differentiated into virtually any cell fate and can be strongly translated into human health via in vitro and in vivo disease modeling for the development of new therapies, the discovery of biomarkers for several disorders, the elaboration and testing of new drugs as novel treatments, and as a tool for personalized medicine., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)