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The article is devoted to the study of the professional orientation of senior and junior school students in the direction of "physical culture". The questionnaire "Research of the professional orientation of bachelors of the direction of physical culture" was compiled, which included questions with multiple answers and open-ended questions. The study involved 30 undergraduate students of the Ural Federal University with a degree in Physical Education. It was found that students with vocational education have a higher level of career guidance and self-determination. There is no vocational guidance in the junior courses, and the third-year students by the end of the third year have not decided on the final direction of their professional activity. As a result, it can be established that vocational guidance work should be carried out at all stages of study at the university.

In this work, the regularities of the vacuum gasoil hydrocracking process were studied, which include: determination of the key components of the reacting mixture and key reactions, studying the thermodynamic regularities, identification of the regularities of the influence of technological parameters on the transformation of the key reacting components. The model of the process was developed.

There are several ways of setting seismic impact on bedrock for calculating the impact on the free field. In the paper, two ways of setting the initial seismic impact on bedrock are analyzed: artificial and synthetic accelerograms. For assessing the effect of the soil profile in transferring seismic signals from bedrock to the free field, four seismogeological models were used. Linear and nonlinear (equivalent-linear approximation) behavior of soil profiles were studied. Summing all results of calculations, we conclude that there are no significant differences in expected seismic impact on the free-surface depending on how the input is set at bedrock. Systematically larger values when synthetic method is used is not more than 10%, which is not evaluated as being significant.

A method is proposed for calculating seismic hazard curves in a free-field. The applicability of the method is illustrated by a hypothetical situation characteristic to seismotectonic and ground conditions in platform areas: low local activity, proximity to a deep focal area, and a shallowly basement overlain by a consolidated soil profile. Presentation of the ground conditions by single parameter Vs30 (average velocity of transverse waves in upper 30 m of the soil profile) is not sufficient. Although such a description gives generally higher spectral amplitudes, it does not take into account amplification due to possible resonance phenomena; meanwhile, energy absorption in the soil profile due to inelastic behavior is ignored.

Introduction. One of the most important problems of modern health care is the problem ofprevalence of tuberculosis, especially among children and adolescents. Despite of the improvement of an epidemic situation on tuberculosis in Russia, indices in our country are still significantly worse, than in countries of the Western Europe. Materials and methods. There are presented data of the analysis of official reports concerning the activity of the tuberculosis sanatorium for 24 years (1991-2014), retrospective data of following up teenagers aged from 15 to 18 years in various years, results of sociological survey of teenagers and their families. Results. During mentioned period the portion of patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes and primary tuberculosis complex decreased by 1,7 times and 2,5 times correspondingly, but at that, the share of an infiltrative form sharply increased by 6,6 times. The number ofpatients from foci of a tuberculosis infection increased. As a result of the differentiated approach to each patient in combination with specific and senatorial methods of management, educational and pedagogical work in the sanatorium, in most of cases there was succeeded to achieve of clinical recovery as a result of the accomplishment of a basic course of management. Conclusion. Development of medical and organizational measures on optimization of therapeutic and rehabilitation processes in a tuberculosis sanatorium should be implemented on the basis of a comprehensive approach with taking into account not only the course of the disease, but also in dependence on the social and epidemiological characteristics.

The paper investigates the effect of different methods for preprocessing earthquake catalogs (declustering, i.e., removal of dependent events from them, and selection of the magnitude of completeness) on seismic hazard assessment. Seismic catalogs of the Kamchatka and Caucasus regions have been used for the analysis, because synthetic catalogs do not always reflect the real features of regional seismicity. Test sites were selected for these regions. Three declustering methods are considered that leave different numbers of events in the catalogs. The plotted seismic hazard curves indicate a complex interaction of catalog declustering and selection of the magnitude of completeness. Since both methods affect the b-value, it cannot be predicted in advance, which will lead to an increase or decrease in the estimate for b. After it is applied, the declustering method leaves the largest number of events in the catalog, but does not always give the highest seismic hazard rating. Therefore, it is necessary to be extremely careful and attentive when declustering a catalog. At the very least, it should be borne in mind that the end result may be unpredictable.

The effect of the upper part of a layered profile on calculated seismic hazard parameters is analyzed. The behavior of the soil profile is studied as part of equivalent linear modeling with the example of six seismogeological models. Peak ground acceleration of the input signal varies from 0.1 to 0.6 g. It is shown that the character of the dependence of physicomechanical properties in the layer on the strain value leads to variations in the amplitudes of the response spectrum on the free surface and displacement of the maximum of the frequency spectrum. An increase in the thickness of the upper layer significantly influences the shape of the response spectra. Variations in the PGA values, damping coefficients, strain values with depth are calculated, as well as the velocity profiles for different soil layers with respect to the degradation curves. It is demonstrated that restricting the upper limit of the damping coefficient to 15% does not lead to noticeable changes in the shape of the response spectra on the free surface. The soil column begins to decrease the peak value of the input signal when its level exceeds 0.3 g.

The relevance of research is due to the efficiency of development of minerals in the Arctic, which is largely determined by the transport and production infrastructure. Harsh climatic conditions of the Far North with a predominance of permafrost rocks (PR) significantly affect the economy and ecology of the territory, for which the cost of construction materials and structures are now reaches 70% of the cost of oil and gas. Mastering Yamal, yield on the shelves of the Arctic seas requires the creation of innovative technology breakthrough of oil and gas, including the construction of artificial islands and underwater constructions offshore. Such technologies are possible in the presence of modern building materials and structures that have many times greater strength, durability, durability, acid resistance and other functional parameters of the widest range for industrial, transport and civil construction. Glass-ceramic, as evidenced by the results of the analysis of scientific, technical and patent data are promising materials in the field of innovation in aviation, rocket and space technology, as well as other industries that require metal-substituting, lining and more sophisticated materials of construction with an unusual combination of properties : high mechanical, abrasive resistance, high dielectric properties and chemical resistance. The article presents the results of the creation of petrositalls of the new “Sikams” class (SCS), beginning with the method for calculating and estimating the composition of the charge, based on the principles of structural crystal chemistry, taking into account the revealed scales of isovalent and heterovalent isomorphism under conditions of directed crystallization. The method provides a high crystallization rate, achieving the required degree of structural and chemical homogeneity and best physico-chemical properties of the material, wherein a crystalline phase to form solid solution of pyroxene. The technological process is simplified and energy consumption is reduced. Object of research - the mineralogical and chemical composition of the charge, particularly glass immiscibility source types and nucleation mechanisms chain metasilicates polymorphs, their relationship to glass and kinetics saturation nanostructure.

The ground layer response to seismic loading is analyzed in the paper. Two approaches to the site profile behavior are considered: elastic (linear) and viscoelastic (equivalent linear modeling). Four typical soil profiles are taken into account; input peak values are within the range from 0.1 to 0.6g. In all profiles, when ignoring the nonlinear behavior, the calculated impacts are still within the standard response spectrum. When the nonlinearity is taken into account, the pattern is completely different. The standard spectrum is abundantly conservative for high frequencies; meanwhile, it substantially underestimates the level of hazard at low frequencies. Therefore, the shape of standard spectra as a whole does not adequately describe a seismic hazard, especially when the input signal is higher than 0.2g.

In the last decade, the number of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) significantly increased due to the higher quality and expansion of networks recording strong ground motions throughout the world. Therefore, the key point in seismic hazard assessment is the selection of a suitable ground motion prediction equation. This work presents the review of the modern state of the problem, the discussion of the criteria for selecting the models to include in the logic tree. The models chosen as part of the big international projects for stable continental regions are described in more detail. Several models have been proposed for use in the stable regions of the central part of the Russian Federation and have been compared. Despite numerous attempts to develop the formal criteria for the selection of a certain model, the construction of the logic tree for each particular problem is based on the expert opinions.

On October 14, 2011, an earthquake with the magnitude Mw = 6.0 occurred 15 km northwest of the town of Skovorodino in East Siberia. This earthquake aroused interest among geophysicists. In this paper, we present some results on the prior seismicity in the region, which are based on the macroseismic and instrumental data. The assessment of the seismic regime immediately before the main shock and the analysis of the aftershock sequence rely on the data provided by the field network of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The network was in operation from the end of July 2011 to January 2012. The analysis of the entire dataset suggests that the Skovorodino earthquake was outstanding in a vast region: only seismic events with low magnitudes (at most 4) occurred in the epicentral zone of this earthquake and its nearest neighborhood. The positions of the source of the main shock and the hypocenters of the after-shocks (more than 1300 events) are determined. The aftershock sequence is anomalous—it lacks sufficiently strong seismic events (M ≥ 3.5). The spatiotemporal distribution of the aftershocks shows two clusters of the epicenters to the west and east of the epicentral zone. These clusters drastically differ in their parameters, indicating that the source has a complex structure. Generally, the source can be understood as a shear displacement on the subvertical fault plane trending approximately along the latitude. The size of the source is 17 × 17 km; the average slip is 63 cm, which is at least 30% larger than the characteristic values for the earthquakes with M = 6.0.

A deep-focus (H = 609 km) earthquake with Mw = 8.3 occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk on May 24, 2013. This earthquake was felt in Moscow at a distance of about 6500 km from the epicenter but barely felt on the western coast of Kamchatka, which is located within 200 km of the source. In this paper, an attempt is made to discover the probable causes of this phenomenon in the instrumental records of the earthquake. It is most probable that the anomalously high amplitudes in the group of SSS phases, which are observed in the vertical component, appear as the result of their superimposition on the surface waves. Different mechanisms can be suggested to interpret the formation of the observed wave pattern.

The points with normal, anomalously low, and anomalously high shaking intensities are recognized in the spatial distribution of macroseismic effects from the 1991 Racha earthquake, Greater Caucasus. Distribution of these points in the epicentral area is not random. Comparison between this distribution and the results of local tomography reveals that seismic wave velocities do not increase in the upper layers (from 0 to 3 km) beneath the points with anomalously high intensity, while a sharp increase in velocity is observed in the depth interval from 6 to 9 km. An original method of b-value mapping is suggested. Application of the method demonstrates that anomalously low intensities correlate to high b-values. This likely reflects higher intensity attenuation associated with higher b-value.

The source of the 1991 Racha earthquake in the Greater Caucasus generally corresponds to thrusting, which is characteristic of the predominant regional compression stress field. A more adequate view of the rupture process is provided by a complex source model composed of three subsources. This model is reconstructed by the body-wave inversion and consistent with the spatial distribution of the aftershocks. In terms of the suggested model, at the last stage of the rupture process, the opposite slip type (normal faulting) is observed in the source, which seems to be objective. It compensates the rapid (probably short) local redistribution of stresses caused by the thrusts in the first two subsources. The surface deformations observed in the epicentral zones of strong earthquakes are probably the analogs of such a compensative mechanism. For example, in the rear parts of the thrusts associated with the surface ruptures, normal faults trending parallel to the strike of the thrust line occur. Another analog of the compensative motion is probably the peculiarities of the aftershock sources. It has long since been noted (Kuznetsova et al., 1976) that some fault plane solutions in the aftershock sequences of strong earthquakes are close to the main shock solution, while others are different. The explanation of this phenomenon is suggested in (Kuznetsova et al., 1976; Kostrov and Das, 1988). In (Kuznetsova et al., 1976), these events are referred to as the aftershocks due to the fracture growth and aftershocks of relaxation, respectively.

We consider the results of reconstructing the stress-strain state of the Earth’s crust in South Baikal from the focal mechanism data for the Kultuk earthquake of August 27, 2008 (M w = 6.3) and its aftershocks. The source parameters of the main shock were determined by calculating the seismic moment tensor. The focal mechanism solutions of 32 aftershocks (M w ≥ 2.3) were obtained through the deployment of a local seismic network at South Baikal. It is found that the main shock and first aftershocks (August–September) gave rise to the activation of latitudinal fragments of the segmented near-edge fault, and the sources of the consequent aftershocks were dominated by the NW-striking planes related to the small intrabasin structures. The calculations of seismotectonic deformations based on the data on the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes show that the area of activation is dominated by the transtension regime (with deformation in the form of extension with shear). The epicentral and hypocentral fields of the aftershocks and the mechanisms of their sources reflect the complex tectonic structure of the source zone of the Kultuk earthquake, which exhibits a clear subvertical zonality of the local seismically active volume and a wedge-shaped area of crustal destruction.

The results of investigating the data of stationary and field observations in the epicentral zone of the Kultuk earthquake of August 27, 2008 with M w = 6.3 localized south of Baikal are presented. The seismic activation amounting to 1790 aftershocks with K p ≥ 4 (M w ≥ 0.9) affected a part of the general fault bounding the southwestern coast of the lake and shallower intrabasin structures. It was established through the cluster analysis that the main shock was located at the periphery of the cloud of the concentrated seismicity component, and three main clusters reflecting a complex character of rupture in the earthquake source were identified in the zone of aftershocks. Owing to a high accuracy of aftershock hypocenters determinations (ERZ ≤ 1.2 km), the local character of the seismisity-generating zones was revealed. Based on the method of mapping seismic regime parameters, it was established that zones of reduced fractionality are recognizable in the central part of the source area; in this case, the entire periphery, except for the southeastern direction (where the main shock epicenter is located), is characterized by a high fractionality, which also points to the complex character of the rupture in the source. On the whole, the aftershock sequence under consideration showed the activation of the southwestern flank of the Southern Baikal region, which remained passive for more than one century, and demonstrated destructive features of the Earth’s crust.

The strongest Neftegorsk earthquake, which occurred in 1995 in the northern part of the Sakhalin Island, was studied by the Epicentral Seismological Expedition, Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. The performed observations yielded the unique accelerograms of strong aftershocks, which were then applied as a basis for detailed analyses. The recorded accelerations were in satisfactory compliance with the current ground motion relations. The design spectra developed on the basis of analyzed records were proposed as an example. The synthetic accelerograms were calculated using the records of the strongest aftershocks for two modal earthquakes by the empirical Green’s function technique. This technique can be recommended for practical application as the most physically substantiated method taking into account all regional features.

Tert-butylsubstituted pyrazinoporphyrazines (Ia–Id) and octacarboxypyrazinoporphyrazine (II) were synthesized. The structure of these compounds was determined using elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. All synthesized compounds do not exhibit thermotropic mesomorphism. In this work we induced an enantiotropic mesophase due to charge transfer (CT) interactions in mixtures of compounds Ia–Id with a strong electron acceptor 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF). The computer simulation of water systems of polar octacarboxypyrazinoporphyrazine (II) was carried out. The simulation shows that compound II does not possess mesomorphic properties in binary systems (lyotropic mesomorphism).

By the example of four even members in a homologous series of sodium n-alkyl sulfates (decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, and hexadecyl sulfate) and with the use of the Debye-Hueckel theory of strong electrolytes the parameters are calculated that determine electrostatic interactions in micellar solutions of surfactants. Calculation results for the Gibbs electrostatic energy of micellization are compared to those obtained from one of the approximate solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and also to the results of its numerical integration for spherical micelles. Applicability conditions of the Debye-Hueckel theory are determined with respect to the micelle concentration and size and the number of carbon atoms in a surfactant molecule. It is shown that the Debye-Hueckel theory in the proposed version enables an efficient and quite accurate calculation of all electrostatic properties of micelles and ionic micellar solutions for surfactants with a number of carbon atoms in a molecule starting from 10 and more and at concentrations up to 0.15 mol/dm3.

Results are presented for the first time from a study of processes through which monoethanolamine is decomposed in water by means of a photochemical reactor operating based on the principle of efficient oxidation processes with participation of OH radicals (OH*).

The study of 27 new meso-substituted free-base and metal complexes of tetraphenylporphyrins with substitution by alkoxygroups (from -OC4H9 to -OC16H33) in para-, meta-, or ortho-position has been carried out. Out of 11 synthesized free-base alkoxysubstituted tetraphenylporphyrins – 4 possess mesomorphic state of columnar type and 1 – lyotropic mesomorphism in binary systems with toluene, benzene or chloroform. The important role of substituents position in phenyl rings of porphyrins was determined. It was established, that metal complexes (Cu, Ni, Zn, Ag, Pd, SnCl2, ZnOAc, VO) of mesogenic free-base porphyrins does not display liquid crystal properties.

The ultrasonic method is very informative for research of viscoelastic properties of mesogens at changing thermodynamic parameters of state. At phase transitions, anomalies of the velocity of propagation and coefficient of absorption of ultrasound waves as well as of viscoelastic properties are observed. These anomalies for liquid crystals are most pronounced at frequencies lower that 1 MHz. Up to now acoustic resonators with volumes of about 5 cm3 have been used, which considerably prevents the application of this method for science-based newly synthesized mesogenic compounds. This article presents experimental results obtained by means of a new resonator method with samples with volumes of 0.06 cm3 to 0.15 cm3. The velocity and coefficient of absorption of ultrasound were measured at frequencies from 0.68 MHz to 1.63 MHz for four mesogens: esters of alkyloxyphenylcyclo-hexane-2-carbonic acid and n-amylphenol. It has been shown that temperature dependencies of ultrasonic parameters obtained in small-volume cells correspond to those established previously by traditional methods using measuring cells with larger volumes. It is also shown that the temperature dependencies of the bulk viscosity and the bulk elasticity modulus derived from our ultrasonic measurements, in general features, duplicate the corresponding dependencies obtained by standard methods. It confirms that the proposed acoustic method is suitable for routine investigations of viscoelastic properties of small-volume samples of mesogenic compounds.

Temperature dependences of the thermodynamic functions of polymorphic micellar transition in the region of second critical micelle concentration are calculated based on data on heat capacities of sodium decyl sulfate solutions obtained previously by scanning calorimetry. Equilibrium constants and fractions of surfactant molecules aggregated into spheroidal and cylindrical micelles are calculated. Using the models of the ellipsoid of revolution and cylinder, components of the equilibrium Gibbs energy of intermicellar transition are calculated.

Densitometry and precision adiabatic scanning calorimetry are used to reveal a number of volumetric and heat capacity properties of sodium decyl sulfate in the region of the second critical micelle concentration. Heat capacities are established in a wide temperature range. The coefficients of thermal expansion, apparent and partial mole expandabilities, volume, heat capacities, and excess partial mole heat capacities are calculated. The analysis of variations in these thermodynamic properties occurring upon variations in concentration and temperature makes it possible to identify the structural variations in sodium decyl sulfate micelles that are relevant to the transition of micelles from globular to cylindrical forms.

Results from introduction of new water chemistry conditions involving metering of organic amines (morpholine and ethanolamine) at nuclear power stations equipped with VVER-1000 reactors are presented.

With the purpose to study the influence of bulky symmetrical and asymmetrical substituents on mesomorphic properties and the tendency to exhibit glass state transition, tetrasubstituted phthalocyanine and porphyrazine derivatives, as well as 1,4- and 1,3,5- substituted benzene derivatives were synthesized. The compounds, simultaneously possessing the ability of glass formation from mesophase with the retention of columnar order, absorption in the visible part of the spectrum and electrophysical characteristics suitable for application, contribute to the essentially new approach to the synthesis of materials for optoelectronics.

Zinc complexes of meso-alkyl-substituted tetrabenzoporphines and their aza-derivatives have been synthesized using the interaction of phthalimide or its derivatives with zinc salts of the carboxylic acids. The porphyrin-ligands were obtained on the basis of the above mentioned compounds. The spectral and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds were studied.

The results of introduction of water chemistry with ethanolamine metering in the feedwater at unit No. 2 of the Balakovo NPP are presented. Along with the data obtained in the course of operational monitoring of the working medium of the secondary coolant circuit, the results of studying of contamination of the tube system of steam generators are presented and analyzed.

The authors studied clinical efficacy of the preparation Sinupret in the treatment of post­surgical inflammation after rhinosurgery interventions. The study embraced 64 patients after surgical correction of the deviated nasal septum. The symptoms dynamics was assessed based on the data of endoscopic examination and the change of nasal mucociliary clearance time determined by saccharin test. The study displayed the advisability Sinupret prescription in the early post­surgery period after nasal septum surgery.

Reactions of 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminophthalonitriles with substituted benzoyl chlorides gave the corresponding N- and O-benzoyl derivatives, and the latter were used to obtain copper and nickel phthalocyanine complexes. Effect of the substituents in the latter on their electronic absorption spectra was studied. The obtained complexes were found to undergo association in organic solvents.

This work generalizes the results of tomographic imaging performed by the authors for epicentral zones. Seismic events in North Africa (the M w = 5.8 earthquake of 1985 near the town of Constantine), eastern Anatolia (the Erzincan M w = 6.7 earthquake of 1992), the Lesser and Greater Caucasus (the 1988 Spitak M w = 6.8 and the 1991 Racha M w = 7.0 earthquakes), and northern Sakhalin (the 1995 Neftegorsk M w = 7.1 earthquake) are examined. It is shown how various morphokinematic types of active faults differ in the resulting tomographic images at various depths. A classification of tomographic images of strong earthquake source zones is proposed in accordance with the rank of their generating faults. The sources of the Spitak, Racha, and Erzincan earthquakes are confined to large boundary faults separating tectonic zones. Lower velocity bands are revealed in the tomographic images, and low velocity “pockets” 1–2 km or somewhat more in width penetrating to a depth of up to 15 km are observed near the fault zones. The Constantine and Neftegorsk earthquakes were generated by faults of a lower rank. The source zones of these events are imaged tomographically as narrow gradient zones.

Relations between the main parameters characterizing the structure of ellipsoidal micelles of ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions and the geometric sizes of micelles are derived and analyzed within the framework of the model of the two-axial ellipsoid of revolution. Conditions of the existence of “continuous” and hollow ellipsoidal micelles are discussed using the generalized Gibbs-Curie principle. Shape factors of spherical, ellipsoidal, and cylindrical micelles are compared. Results are verified using micelles of sodium decyl sulfate in aqueous solutions as examples.

Results derived from processing of data of field observations in the epicentral zone of the Altai earthquake of 2003 are presented. Accurate location of aftershocks showed that their spatial distribution is in good agreement with the source rupture outcropping on the Earth’s surface. According to aftershock data, the source had a length of 75 km and a maximum width of 20 km and extended in the vertical direction for 17 km; the displacement in the source averaged 2.5 m. Clusters identified in the aftershock cloud define variously dipping planes. The location of hypocenters by regional, national, and global seismic networks is not accurate enough to examine spatial features of the aftershocks.

The process of asymmetrization of spherical micelles in an aqueous sodium decyl sulfate solution is studied by scanning calorimetry. This process represents the intermicellar phase transition with an equilibrium temperature of 300 K occurring at a sodium decyl sulfate concentration of 0.12 mol/kg. The partial molar heat capacities of sodium decyl sulfate in a solution are determined and the thermodynamic functions of the rearrangement of micelles and their temperature dependences are calculated. The regions of the thermodynamic stability of solutions that contain spherical and nonspherical micelles, the former being predominant, are revealed. Equilibrium constants of the process and fractions of surfactant aggregated into spherical and nonspherical micelles are calculated for the model of monomolecular reversible reaction. For nonspherical micelles, the shape of the ellipsoid of revolution is proposed.

The catalytic activity of cobalt complexes of a series of tetraarenoporphyrazines in oxidative decarboxylation of oxalic acid under heterogeneous conditions was studied. The structure of the macroheterocycle exerts a significant effect on the catalytic properties of the metal complexes.