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1. Simulations and performance of the QUBIC optical beam combiner

Author

Emory F. Bunn, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, Y. Giraud-Héraud, A. Zullo, Alessandro Buzzelli, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, F. Voisin, J. Aumont, L. Mele, N. Bleurvacq, L. Dumoulin, L. Grandsire, Nicola Vittorio, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, P. Ringegni, F. Piacentini, Peter T. Timbie, P. Chanial, D. Viganò, M. C. Medina, Alessandro Schillaci, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, G. Polenta, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, P. Battaglia, L. Montier, X. Garrido, J.-P. Thermeau, Massimo Gervasi, V. Truongcanh, Rocco D'Agostino, M. Gaspard, R. Puddu, J. Bonaparte, Luca Lamagna, S. Spinelli, C. Chapron, G. de Gasperis, Victor Haynes, A. Etchegoyen, S. Loucatos, Gregory S. Tucker, L. M. Mundo, Marco Bersanelli, A. Lowitz, G. Bordier, E. Guerrard, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, G. Amico, Vladimir V. Luković, D. Buzi, E. Olivieri, R. Luterstein, S. Scully, D. Prêle, H. Pastoriza, A. Mattei, J. Kaplan, F. Columbro, A. Gault, A. Passerini, F. Pajot, D. Harari, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, B. Watson, M. Stolpovskiy, Gustavo E. Romero, E. Bréelle, R. Charlassier, J. Bonis, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, M. De Leo, A. Tartari, Peter A. R. Ade, J. D. Murphy, B. Bélier, S. Banfi, Alessandro Paiella, P. de Bernardis, S. Vanneste, Andrew May, M. De Petris, G. Barbarán, Giampaolo Pisano, Francesco Cavaliere, Cristian Franceschet, D. T. Hoang, Matthieu Tristram, D. Burke, F. Incardona, F. Suarez, J. A. Murphy, C. Kristukat, Marcin Gradziel, F. Couchot, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, A. Mennella, Alessandro Coppolecchia, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, Andrei Korotkov, A. Fasciszewski, D. Bennett, Damien Rambaud, M. González, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, O. Perdereau, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, J.-Ch. Hamilton, C. Perbost, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Federico Pezzotta, M. Piat, E. Jules, Lucio Piccirillo, Thibaut Louis, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Simon J. Melhuish, A. Baù, J.-Ph. Bernard, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Zullo, A, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristram, M, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Thermeau, J, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Melhuish, S, Medina, M, Mele, L, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chapron, C, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bennett, D, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Ade, P, Hamilton, J, Zannoni, M, Mennella, A, De Leo, M, De Petris, M, Scully, S, Guerrard, E, Gayer, D, Burke, D, and O'Sullivan, C

Subjects
cosmological model, higher-order, QUBIC, Cosmic microwave background, CMB, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology, B-mode: primordial, law.invention, law, B-modes, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Applied Mathematics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, bolometric interferometry, Condensed Matter Physics, Physical optics, physical optics, Interferometry, Horn antenna, detector: performance, polarization: anisotropy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, interferometer, interference, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, model: optical, programming, 010309 optics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarization, business.industry, Bolometer, gravitational radiation: primordial, optics, detector: sensitivity, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, cosmic background radiation: anisotropy
Abstract

QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel ground-based instrument that aims to measure the extremely faint B-mode polarisation anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at intermediate angular scales (multipoles of = 30 − 200). Primordial B-modes are a key prediction of Inflation as they can only be produced by gravitational waves in the very early universe. To achieve this goal, QUBIC will use bolometric interferometry, a technique that combines the sensitivity of an imager with the immunity to systematic effects of an interferometer. It will directly observe the sky through an array of back-to-back entry horns whose beams will be superimposed using a cooled quasioptical beam combiner. Images of the resulting interference fringes will be formed on two focal planes, each tiled with transition-edge sensors, cooled down to 320 mK. A dichroic filter placed between the optical combiner and the focal planes will select two frequency bands (centred at 150 GHz and 220 GHz), one frequency per focal plane. Polarization modulation will be achieved using a cold stepped half-wave plate (HWP) and polariser in front of the sky-facing horns. The full QUBIC instrument is described elsewhere1,2,3,4; in this paper we will concentrate in particular on simulations of the optical combiner (an off-axis Gregorian imager) and the feedhorn array. We model the optical performance of both the QUBIC full module and a scaled-down technological demonstrator which will be used to validate the full instrument design. Optical modelling is carried out using full vector physical optics with a combination of commercial and in-house software. In the high-frequency channel we must be careful to consider the higher-order modes that can be transmitted by the horn array. The instrument window function is used as a measure of performance and we investigate the effect of, for example, alignment and manufacturing tolerances, truncation by optical components and off-axis aberrations. We also report on laboratory tests carried on the QUBIC technological demonstrator in advance of deployment to the observing site in Argentina.

Published
2018

2. Performance of NbSi transition-edge sensors readout with a 128 MUX factor for the QUBIC experiment

Author

L. M. Mundo, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, A. Tartari, Nicola Vittorio, A. Mattei, F. Columbro, R. Charlassier, L. Grandsire, A. Mennella, A. Pelosi, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Bennett, Andrei Korotkov, M. González, F. Piacentini, D. Burke, C. Perbost, J. A. Murphy, P. Chanial, E. Olivieri, Damien Rambaud, B. Watson, Giampaolo Pisano, N. Bleurvacq, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, G. Barbarán, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, F. Couchot, L. Dumoulin, Peter A. R. Ade, J. Bonaparte, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, S. Loucatos, A. Gault, A. Lowitz, P. Battaglia, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, P. Ringegni, A. Zullo, G. Amico, D. Viganò, S. Banfi, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, Andrew May, D. Buzi, M. C. Medina, L. Mele, J.-Ph. Bernard, M. Stolpovskiy, M. Piat, Emory F. Bunn, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, F. Voisin, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, C. Kristukat, O. Perdereau, S. Maestre, Y. Giraud-Héraud, J. D. Murphy, F. Incardona, Alessandro Coppolecchia, F. Suarez, Peter T. Timbie, C. Chapron, Alessandro Schillaci, Alessandro Paiella, W. Marty, G. Polenta, E. Bréelle, A. Fasciszewski, J. Aumont, R. Puddu, S. Spinelli, L. Montier, D. T. Hoang, Massimo Gervasi, Federico Pezzotta, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Simon J. Melhuish, V. Truongcanh, A. Baù, M. Gaspard, J.-P. Thermeau, Luca Lamagna, A. Etchegoyen, Marcin Gradziel, A. Buzzelli, Francesco Cavaliere, Lucio Piccirillo, Marco Bersanelli, J. Kaplan, Mario Zannoni, D. Prêle, Thibaut Louis, Sophie Henrot-Versille, A. Passerini, G. De Gasperis, B. Bélier, S. Scully, S. Vanneste, Victor Haynes, Gregory S. Tucker, M. De Leo, R. Luterstein, M. De Petris, Gustavo E. Romero, P. de Bernardis, J.-Ch. Hamilton, Rocco D'Agostino, E. Jules, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, X. Garrido, E. Guerrard, Vladimir V. Luković, G. Bordier, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, J. Bonis, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Salatino, M, Suarez, F, Bennett, D, Murphy, J, Ade, P, Thermeau, J, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristam, M, Timbie, P, Tartari, A, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scully, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Puddu, R, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, O'Sullivan, C, Mundo, L, Mennella, A, Melhuish, S, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Burke, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Voisin, F, Henrot-Versillé, S, Torchinsky, S, Rambaud, D, Prêle, D, Piat, M, Montier, L, Marty, W, Marnieros, S, Maestre, S, Hoang, D, Chapron, C, Bélier, B, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
the QUBIC experiment, Time-Domain Multiplexing, Integrated circuit, SiGe Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Multiplexing, Multiplexer, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, law, Transition-Edge Sensor, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, Astronomical interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, business.industry, Bolometric Interferometry, Detector, Bolometer, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB instrumentation, SiGe ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit, Superconducting QUantum Interference Device, TimeDomain Multiplexing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Interferometry, Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices, Transition edge sensor, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; QUBIC (the Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) is a ground-based experiment which seeks to improve the current constraints on the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves. It exploits the unique technique, among Cosmic Microwave Background experiments, of bolometric interferometry, combining together the sensitivity of bolometric detectors with the control of systematic effects typical of interferometers. QUBIC will perform sky observations in polarization, in two frequency bands centered at 150 and 220 GHz, with two kilo-pixel focal plane arrays of NbSi Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) cooled down to 350 mK. A subset of the QUBIC instrument, the so called QUBIC Technological Demonstrator (TD), with a reduced number of detectors with respect to the full instrument, will be deployed and commissioned before the end of 2018. The voltage-biased TES are read out with Time Domain Multiplexing and an unprecedented multiplexing (MUX) factor equal to 128. This MUX factor is reached with two-stage multiplexing: a traditional one exploiting Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) at 1K and a novel SiGe Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) at 60 K. The former provides a MUX factor of 32, while the latter provides a further 4. Each TES array is composed of 256 detectors and read out with four modules of 32 SQUIDs and two ASICs. A custom software synchronizes and manages the readout and detector operation, while the TES are sampled at 780 Hz (100kHz/128 MUX rate). In this work we present the experimental characterization of the QUBIC TES arrays and their multiplexing readout chain, including time constant, critical temperature, and noise properties.

Published
2018

3. QUBIC: the Q and U bolometric interferometer for cosmology

Author

Y. Giraud-Héraud, E. Bréelle, P. A. R. Ade, A. Zullo, P. Ringegni, A. Mennella, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Bennett, M. González, Emory F. Bunn, Francesco Cavaliere, R. Puddu, M. De Leo, L. Montier, M. Stolpovskiy, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, C. Perbost, L. Grandsire, Peter T. Timbie, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, Gustavo E. Romero, E. Jules, Simon J. Melhuish, S. Spinelli, A. Baù, G. de Gasperis, J.-Ph. Bernard, G. Bordier, G. Polenta, M. De Petris, P. de Bernardis, A. Lowitz, Nicola Vittorio, E. Guerrard, P. Battaglia, M. Piat, Rocco D'Agostino, O. Perdereau, Lucio Piccirillo, Vladimir V. Luković, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, F. Piacentini, J. Aumont, Massimo Gervasi, D. Prêle, Thibaut Louis, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Sophie Henrot-Versille, S. Loucatos, R. Charlassier, L. M. Mundo, L. Dumoulin, J. Kaplan, P. Chanial, J. D. Murphy, A. Fasciszewski, J. Bonaparte, C. Kristukat, S. Vanneste, Alessandro Paiella, Gabriele Coppi, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, Federico Pezzotta, L. Mele, B. Bélier, Steve Torchinsky, D. Viganò, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, E. Olivieri, A. Mattei, J.-Ch. Hamilton, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, F. Columbro, G. Amico, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, A. Passerini, D. Buzi, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, G. Barbarán, C. Chapron, N. Bleurvacq, J. Bonis, F. Couchot, Andrei Korotkov, R. Luterstein, A. Tartari, V. Truongcanh, M. Gaspard, F. Voisin, F. Incardona, Damien Rambaud, A. Etchegoyen, B. Watson, Giampaolo Pisano, Marco Bersanelli, Bruno Maffei, Alessandro Schillaci, F. Wicek, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, F. Suarez, A. Gault, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, S. Scully, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, S. Banfi, D. Burke, J. A. Murphy, D. T. Hoang, Marcin Gradziel, Alessandro Buzzelli, J.-P. Thermeau, Victor Haynes, X. Garrido, Gregory S. Tucker, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M. C. Medina, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, Luca Lamagna, D. Gayer, Andrew May, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Zmuidzinas J.,Gao J.-R., Ade, P, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristram, M, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Thermeau, J, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scully, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Mennella, A, Melhuish, S, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Bennett, D, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chapron, C, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Burke, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, O'Sullivan, C, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
B-modes, bolometric interferometry, CMB, QUBIC, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, cosmic microwave background, Cosmic microwave background, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarization, Physics, millimetre-wave, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Polarizer, interferometry, Interferometry, Dichroic filter, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel ground-based instrument that has been designed to measure the extremely faint B-mode polarisation anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at intermediate angular scales (multipoles of 𝑙 = 30 − 200). Primordial B-modes are a key prediction of Inflation as they can only be produced by gravitational waves in the very early universe. To achieve this goal, QUBIC will use bolometric interferometry, a technique that combines the sensitivity of an imager with the systematic error control of an interferometer. It will directly observe the sky through an array of 400 back-to-back entry horns whose signals will be superimposed using a quasi-optical beam combiner. The resulting interference fringes will be imaged at 150 and 220 GHz on two focal planes, each tiled with NbSi Transition Edge Sensors, cooled to 320 mK and read out with time-domain multiplexing. A dichroic filter placed between the optical combiner and the focal planes will select the two frequency bands. A very large receiver cryostat will cool the optical and detector stages to 40 K, 4 K, 1 K and 320 mK using two pulse tube coolers, a novel 4He sorption cooler and a double-stage 3He/4He sorption cooler. Polarisation modulation and selection will be achieved using a cold stepped half-wave plate (HWP) and polariser, respectively, in front of the sky-facing horns. A key feature of QUBIC’s ability to control systematic effects is its ‘self-calibration’ mode where fringe patterns from individual equivalent baselines can be compared. When observing, however, all the horns will be open simultaneously and we will recover a synthetic image of the sky in the I, Q and U Stokes’ parameters. The synthesised beam pattern has a central peak of approximately 0.5 degrees in width, with secondary peaks further out that are damped by the 13-degree primary beam of the horns. This is Module 1 of QUBIC which will be installed in Argentina, near the city of San Antonio de los Cobres, at the Alto Chorrillos site (4869 m a.s.l.), Salta Province. Simulations have shown that this first module could constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio down to σ(r) = 0.01 after a two-year survey. We aim to add further modules in the future to increase the angular sensitivity and resolution of the instrument. The QUBIC project is proceeding through a sequence of steps. After an initial successful characterisation of the detection chain, a technological demonstrator is being assembled to validate the full instrument design and to test it electrically, thermally and optically. The technical demonstrator is a scaled-down version of Module 1 in terms of the number of detectors, input horns and pulse tubes and a reduction in the diameter of the combiner mirrors and filters, but is otherwise similar. The demonstrator will be upgraded to the full module in 2019. In this paper we give an overview of the QUBIC project and instrument.

Published
2018

4. Optical modelling and analysis of the Q and U bolometric interferometer for cosmology

Author

Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Emory F. Bunn, Federico Pezzotta, O. Rigaut, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, A.-A. Drilien, J.D. Murphy, Simon J. Melhuish, Martin Gamboa, Laurence P. Sadwick, Alessandro Schillaci, A. Baù, N. Holtzer, Nathanaël Bleurvac, A. Mennella, F. Voisin, Beatriz García, X. Garrido, E. Guerrard, Giuseppe D' Alessandro, Vladimir V. Luković, R. Luterstein, D. Burke, D. Prêle, D. Bennett, Alberto Etchegoyen, C. Kristukat, Delphine Néel, Paolo de Bernardis, J. Bonaparte, Massimo Gervasi, Alessandro Paiella, L. Montier, M. González, P. Battaglia, Y. Giraud-Héraud, A. Zullo, Giampaolo Pisano, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, E. Jules, M. Gaspard, Olivier Perdereau, D. Viganò, P. Ringegni, A. Gault, M. Gómez Berisso, F. Piacentini, Jean-Philippe Bernard, J. Kaplan, F. Incardona, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, D. T. Hoang, Lucio Piccirillo, Jonathan Aumont, François Couchot, B. Bélier, F. Suarez, E. Olivieri, P. Chanial, C. Scóccola, S. Banfi, Carole Tucker, Sophie Henrot-Versille, G. Amico, H. Pastoriza, Robert A. Watson, G. de Gasperis, Marcin Gradziel, Nicola Vittorio, D. Harari, D. Buzi, G. Bordier, G. Barbarán, J.-P. Thermeau, Victor Haynes, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, T. Louis, J. Bonis, V. Truongcanh, L. Grandsire, Marco De Petris, Peter T. Timbie, Andrei Korotkov, Marco Bersanelli, G. Polenta, Mario Zannoni, Damien Rambaud, Gustavo E. Romero, A. Pelosi, F. Wicek, Mark McCulloch, S. Scully, M. De Leo, L. Dumoulin, Francesco Cavaliere, Alessandro Buzzelli, A. Lowitz, C. Perbost, Alessandro Coppolecchia, François Pajot, A. Fasciszewski, Bruno Maffei, Martin Giard, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Tianxin Yang, Gregory S. Tucker, M. C. Medina, A. Passerini, Jean Christophe Hamilton, A. Tartari, L. M. Mundo, Michel Piat, S. Marnieros, Eimante Kalinauskaite, A. Mattei, J. Lande, F. Columbro, R. Puddu, S. Spinelli, Andrew May, Luca Lamagna, E. Bréelle, J. Anthony Murphy, Rocco D'Agostino, S. Loucatos, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, C. Chapron, R. Charlassier, L. Mele, Sadwick L.P.,Yang T., Burke, D, Gayer, D, Kalinauskaite, E, O'Sullivan, C, Murphy, J, Scully, S, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, Mennella, A, Torchinsky, S, Zannoni, M, Amico, G, Auguste, D, Aumont, J, Banfi, S, Barbaran, G, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Bau, A, Belier, B, Bennett, D, Berge, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bleurvac, N, Bonaparte, J, Bonis, J, Bordier, G, Breelle, E, Bunn, E, Buzi, D, Buzzelli, A, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Chapron, C, Charlassier, R, Columbro, F, Coppi, G, Coppolecchia, A, Couchot, F, D'Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, Di Donato, A, Drilien, A, Dumoulin, L, Etchegoyen, A, Fasciszewski, A, Franceschet, C, Gamboa-Lerena, M, Garcia, B, Garrido, X, Gaspard, M, Gault, A, Gervasi, M, Giard, M, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gomez Berisso, M, Gonzalez, M, Gradziel, M, Grandsire, L, Guerrard, E, Hamilton, J, Harari, D, Haynes, V, Henrot-Versille, S, Hoang, D, Holtzer, N, Incardona, F, Jules, E, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Kristukat, C, Lamagna, L, Lande, J, Loucatos, S, Louis, T, Lowitz, A, Lukovic, V, Luterstein, R, Maffei, B, Marnieros, S, Masi, S, Mattei, A, May, A, Mcculloch, M, Medina, M, Mele, L, Melhuish, S, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Neel, D, Olivieri, E, Paiella, A, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Pastoriza, H, Pelosi, A, Perbost, C, Perdereau, O, Pezzotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Prele, D, Puddu, R, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Ringegni, P, Romero, G, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Scoccola, C, Spinelli, S, Stolpovskiy, M, Suarez, F, Tartari, A, Thermeau, J, Timbie, P, Tristram, M, Truongcanh, V, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Vigano, D, Vittorio, N, Voisin, F, Watson, B, Wicek, F, Zullo, A, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, B-modes, Electronic, Optical Modelling, Black-body radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Polarisation, Physics, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, bolometric interferometry, Cosmology, Simulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Image plane, Redshift, Interferometry, B-mode, Millimeter, business
Abstract

International audience; Remnant radiation from the early universe, known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), has been redshifted and cooled, and today has a blackbody spectrum peaking at millimetre wavelengths. The QUBIC (Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) instrument is designed to map the very faint polaristion structure in the CMB. QUBIC is based on the novel concept of bolometric interferometry in conjunction with synthetic imaging. It will have a large array of input feedhorns, which creates a large number of interferometric baselines. The beam from each feedhorn is passed through an optical combiner, with an off-axis compensated Gregorian design, to allow the generation of the synthetic image. The optical-combiner will operate in two frequency bands (150 and 220 GHz with 25% and 18.2 % bandwidth respectively) while cryogenically cooled TES bolometers provide the sensitivity required at the image plane. The QUBIC Technical Demonstrator (TD), a proof of technology instrument that contains 64 input feed-horns, is currently being built and will be installed in the Alto Chorrillos region of Argentina. The plan is then for the full QUBIC instrument (400 feed-horns) to be deployed in Argentina and obtain cosmologically significant results. In this paper we will examine the output of the manufactered feed-horns in comparison to the nominal design. We will show the results of optical modelling that has been performed in anticipation of alignment and calibration of the TD in Paris, in particular testing the validity of real laboratory environments. We show the output of large calibrator sources (50 ° full width haf max Gaussian beams) and the importance of accurate mirror definitions when modelling large beams. Finally we describe the tolerance on errors of the position and orientation of mirrors in the optical combiner.

Published
2018

5. Thermal architecture for the QUBIC cryogenic receiver

Author

R. Charlassier, G. de Gasperis, J. Kaplan, M. Piat, X. Garrido, J. Bonaparte, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, B. Bélier, P. Battaglia, F. Piacentini, Alessandro Buzzelli, D. Burke, N. Bleurvacq, Andrei Korotkov, R. Puddu, F. Voisin, C. Perbost, E. Guerrard, J. A. Murphy, S. Loucatos, S. Spinelli, S. Vanneste, Damien Rambaud, Peter A. R. Ade, Gustavo E. Romero, P. Chanial, Peter T. Timbie, G. Polenta, A. Lowitz, Vladimir V. Luković, Andrew May, J.-Ch. Hamilton, B. Watson, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, P. de Bernardis, F. Couchot, A. Gault, E. Olivieri, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, L. Dumoulin, J.-Ph. Bernard, M. Stolpovskiy, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, A. Mennella, F. Incardona, G. Barbarán, Francesco Cavaliere, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Viganò, F. Suarez, S. Banfi, E. Bréelle, A. Fasciszewski, G. Bordier, L. M. Mundo, D. Bennett, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Federico Pezzotta, A. Passerini, M. González, J. Bonis, J. Aumont, J.-P. Thermeau, Alessandro Schillaci, A. Tartari, A. Mattei, M. Gómez Berisso, E. Jules, L. Mele, M. Giard, L. Grandsire, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, F. Columbro, O. Perdereau, P. Ringegni, Simon J. Melhuish, Massimo Gervasi, A. Baù, Nicola Vittorio, Rocco D'Agostino, M. De Leo, Lucio Piccirillo, Thibaut Louis, D. Prêle, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, M. De Petris, R. Luterstein, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, Giampaolo Pisano, G. Amico, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, D. Buzi, Emory F. Bunn, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, V. Truongcanh, M. Gaspard, A. Etchegoyen, Marco Bersanelli, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, S. Scully, J. D. Murphy, Alessandro Paiella, C. Kristukat, A. Zullo, Gregory S. Tucker, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M. C. Medina, C. Chapron, D. T. Hoang, Marcin Gradziel, Luca Lamagna, Victor Haynes, L. Montier, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Tristram, M, Passerini, A, Franceschet, C, Scully, S, Ade, P, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scóccola, C, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, O'Sullivan, C, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Mennella, A, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, Mattei, A, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Bennett, D, Burke, D, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Thermeau, J, Schillaci, A, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Melhuish, S, Masi, S, de Bernardis, P, D'Alessandro, G, Coppi, G, Chapron, C, May, A, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cryogenics, Bolometric interferometry, QUBIC, interferometer, Cosmic microwave background, bolometric interferometry, cryogenics, experimental cosmology, heat switch, sorption cooler, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, bolometer, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Sorption cooler, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Heat switch, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Experimental cosmology, Interferometry, cryogenics: design, B-mode, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cryogenics, Cosmic Microwave Background, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; QUBIC, the QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel forthcoming instrument to measure the B-mode polarization anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The detection of the B-mode signal will be extremely challenging; QUBIC has been designed to address this with a novel approach, namely bolometric interferometry. The receiver cryostat is exceptionally large and cools complex optical and detector stages to 40 K, 4 K, 1 K and 350 mK using two pulse tube coolers, a novel 4He sorption cooler and a double-stage 3He/4He sorption cooler. We discuss the thermal and mechanical design of the cryostat, modelling and thermal analysis, and laboratory cryogenic testing.

Published
2018

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