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In this paper, we considered the aspects of forming the digital agrarian economy in India and China. We chose these countries as subjects of the experimental research due to their quick economic growth, including agriculture. We demonstrated that the implementation of the complexes of technologies of agro-industrial complex 4.0 in the two selected countries was accompanied by an increase in external integration and internal economic growth. Despite the general similarity of the sets of knowledge management technologies, which are used in the digital agrarian economies of the two countries, there are essential differences in their models. China ensured the implementation of ICT with a focus on the growth of competitive advantages in external markets, while India created a model of a digital agrarian economy in which all its participants work towards a common synergetic effect. The objective of this work was to identify the key directions for the formation of agro-industrial complex 4.0, which is based on knowledge management, in countries with a high level of digital agrarian economy formation. The novel approach of this work lies in the elaboration of the theoretical aspects of the identification of the digital agrarian economy models in the modern conditions for comprehensive implementation of knowledge management technologies.

The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects for improving the practice of quality management of agricultural products at AIC 4.0 enterprises in order to increase their digital competitiveness in the world food markets in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Based on econometric modeling of international experience for 2022, it has been proved that quality (regression coefficient: 0.3673) contributes more (almost 6 times) to competitiveness than price (regression coefficient: 0.0622). It has also been revealed that the change in the quality and safety of food products by 71.57% is determined by the influence of AIC 4.0 technologies: market data (Big Data, AI, blockchain) and mobile banking; climate-smart agriculture technologies and innovative technologies (IoT, machine learning). A promising organizational scheme of quality management of agricultural products using AIC 4.0 technologies is presented on the example of the framework of the smart vertical farm of the Institute of Scientific Communications (ISC). The key conclusion is that quality management in the activities of agricultural enterprises using AIC 4.0 technologies forms the basis of their digital competitiveness in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The theoretical significance of the authors’ conclusions lies in the fact that they have revealed the peculiarities of the organization of world food markets in the context of global digital competition. The practical significance of the article is due to the fact that it offers a promising scenario for strengthening the digital competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and advancing SDG2 in the “Decade of Action”, as well as a set of authors’ recommendations for the successful implementation of this scenario through improving food quality management based on the engineering of AIC 4.0 technologies.

The purpose of the article is to develop a systematic scientific vision of the quality assurance process in industry 4.0 through HRM of digital personnel. This vision is based on a new (“broad”) interpretation of quality in industry 4.0, which can maintain a balance between sustainability (the support of the SDGs) and global digital competitiveness and most completely take into account the characteristics of product quality in industry 4.0. In accordance with the authors' interpretation based on international experience for 2021-2022, the article presents an econometric model that mathematically describes the impact of HRM of digital personnel on product quality in industry 4.0. The key conclusion of the study is that the attraction of job-ready digital personnel makes a much greater contribution to improving quality in industry 4.0 and is therefore preferable as compared to corporate training of digital personnel. For the fullest disclosure of the potential of quality improvement in industry 4.0, the authors have developed a program-target approach to HRM of digital personnel with a balance between sustainability and competitiveness of quality in industry 4.0. The theoretical significance of the research results is due to the fact that they have allowed for the first time to develop an approach to HRM of digital personnel that ensures high quality in industry 4.0 in accordance with its innovative interpretation – with a balance between sustainability and competitiveness. The practical significance of the authors' recommendations lies in the fact that the proposed program-target approach to quality assurance in industry 4.0, with a balance between sustainability and competitiveness, will increase the efficiency of HRM of digital personnel and comprehensively take into account the interests of stakeholders in ensuring product quality in industry 4.0.

Obesity is a major public health problem that requires new approaches. Despite all interventions, the behavioural and therapeutic interventions developed have demonstrated limited effectiveness in curbing the obesity epidemic. Findings from imaging studies of the brain suggest the existence of neural vulnerabilities and structural changes that are associated with the development of obesity and eating disorders. This review highlights the clinical relevance of brain neuroimaging research in obese individuals to prevent risky behaviour, early diagnosis, and the development of new safer and more effective treatments.

Obesity is currently a major global public health problem. As a result, in recent decades there has been a growing interest in studying the impact of this disease on the functioning of the central nervous system. One of the least understood aspects is the impact that obesity has on sensory systems.The olfactory and gustatory systems are closely related to various vital functions, such as the nocifensors activation, the stimulation of digestive reflexes. In addition, these sensory systems are known to play an important role in the mechanisms of food consumption through the regulation of appetite and satiety, influencing food choice and, therefore, they are involved in the development of obesity. A number of clinical studies have shown that obese patients are more likely to suffer from hyposmia compared to lean people of the same age.The reasons why this relationship exists remain largely unclear. The aim of this review is to assess the available data on this topic and to identify new promising areas for further research. The review was conducted in the PubMed databases for 2017–2023.

Deep neural networks are becoming an increasingly effective tool for solving a wide range of complex applied tasks, because they are able to establish patterns in unstructured data, such as images, video and audio information. Despite the fact that the probability of error of modern neural network models decreases, ML models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this regard, the issues of ensuring the security of machine learning models from adversarial attacks are among the most urgent. Within the framework of this work, a study was conducted on the effectiveness of the transfer learning technology to increase the stability of convolutional neural networks from adversarial attacks. The study was conducted on the example of the task of recognizing road signs in images, which is key in the field of automotive unmanned transport networks. During the experiment, a basic neural network model was built to solve the problem of classifying road signs and attacks based on PGD and FGSM algorithms were implemented, which reduced the classification accuracy by about 2.8 times. To protect against the considered white box attacks on the neural network, competitive training was conducted, which increased the accuracy of the model by 12.11%. In addition, the technology of transfer training was considered, which made it possible to achieve an increase in reliability after competitive training by 42.38% compared to the original data set. The obtained research results can be used in the development of a secure intelligent decision support system for detecting an area containing a road sign on a DVR frame and subsequent classification of the selected image segment.

Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the parameters of body composition in the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in middle-aged people. Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into two groups the main one with sarcopenia 146 people and the control group 75 people. The complex of examinations included: neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), short health assessment form (SF-36)), 4-meter walking speed test, dynamometry and bioimpedancemetry. The results of neuropsychological examination did not differ in the main and control groups. Patients with sarcopenia showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry. The scores of the walking speed assessment test in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The main and control groups had excessive body weight. According to the results of bioimpedanceometry, the main group had increased fat mass, percentage of fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat mass index compared with the control group. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the main group, probable sarcopenia was confirmed by decreased appendicular mass, decreased protein and mineral content was also recorded. There was a more pronounced decrease in cell mass in the main group. In patients with sarcopenia the volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid was less than in the control group. Significant differences were considered at p0.05. Conclusions: the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.

Background. Cognitive dysfunction, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia, is increasingly recognized as a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that affects patient well-being and disease management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-studies have shown varying degrees of cortical atrophy, cerebral infarcts, and deep white matter lesions. To explain the relationship between DM and cognitive decline, several hypotheses have been proposed, based on the variability of glycemia leading to morphometric changes in the brain. The ability to predict cognitive decline even before its clinical development will allow the early prevention of this pathology, as well as to predict the course of the existing pathology and to adjust medication regimens. Aim. To create a computer neural network model for predicting the development of cognitive impairment in DM on the basis of brain neuroimaging techniques. Materials and methods. The study was performed in accordance with the standards of good clinical practice; the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee. The study included 85 patients with type 1 diabetes and 95 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were divided into a group of patients with normal cognitive function and a group with cognitive impairment. The patient groups were comparable in age and duration of disease. Cognitive impairment was screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Data for glycemic variability were obtained using continuous glucose monitoring (iPro2, Libre). A standard MRI scan of the brain was performed axially, sagittally, and coronally on a Signa Creator E, GE Healthcare, 1.5 Tesla, China. For MRI data processing we used Free Surfer program (USA) for analysis and visualization of structural and functional neuroimaging data from cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, and for segmentation we used Recon-all batch program directly. All statistical analyses and data processing were performed using Statistica Statsofi software (version 10) on Windows 7/XP Pro operating systems. The IBM WATSON cognitive system was used to build a neural network model. Results. As a result of the study, cognitive impairment in DM type 1was predominantly of mild degree 36.9% (n=24) and moderate degree 30.76% (n=20), and in DM type 2 mild degree 37% (n=30), moderate degree 49.4% (n=40) and severe degree 13.6% (n=11). Cognitive functions in DM type 1 were impaired in memory and attention, whereas in DM type 2 they were also impaired in tasks of visual-constructive skills, fluency, and abstraction (p0.001). The analysis revealed differences in glycemic variability indices in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM and cognitive impairment. Standard MRI of the brain recorded the presence of white and gray matter changes (gliosis and leukoareosis). General and regional cerebral atrophy is characteristic of type 1 and type 2 DM, which is associated with dysglycemia. When building neural network models for type 1 diabetes, the parameters of decreased volumes of the brain regions determine the development of cognitive impairment by 93.5%, whereas additionally, the coefficients of glycemic variability by 98.5%. The same peculiarity was revealed in type 2 DM 95.3% and 97.9%, respectively. Conclusion. In DM type 1 and type 2 with cognitive impairment, elevated coefficients of glycemic variability are more frequently recorded. This publication describes laboratory and instrumental parameters as potential diagnostic options for effective management of DM and prevention of cognitive impairment. Neural network models using glycemic variability coefficients and MR morphometry allow for predictive diagnosis of cognitive disorders in both types of diabetes.

This study aims to investigate the ecological and environmental impacts of the tourism cluster as a driver of regional tourism market development. The tourism industry can lead to adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. It can place immense pressure on an area and result in catastrophic impacts, including increased pollution, soil erosion, natural habitat loss, massive pressure on endangered species, and intensified vulnerability to forest fires. However, the tourism sector assumes a significant function in solving the regions' socio-economic problems by creating additional jobs, ensuring the growth of employment of the economically active population, and improving the welfare of the nation. Nowadays, tourism is one of the drivers of economic recovery, which has a stimulating effect on the development of such related fields of the economy as accommodation services, transportation services, communications, trade, souvenir production, catering, agricultural production, construction, pharmacy, etc. Tourism is important for the socio-economic development of many regions of the Russian Federation. For example, the Altai Territory has a high level of tourism-recreation potential, in the region. There are unique natural and tourism-recreation resources, objects of cultural and historical heritage, vital political, economic, sports and cultural events. Despite this, the lucrative industry's environmental damage should be taken into consideration and minimized as far as possible. To achieve the aim of this study, several methods were employed including a persuasive strategy for discernment, interconnection and association, general logical strategies such as methods of scientific abstraction, modeling, analysis and synthesis, as well as grouping and comparison, analysis of the regulatory framework, literary sources, statistical data and a comparative method. Finally, some recommendations were brought about to benefit from this increasingly popular industry, while keeping the damage to the environment to a minimum.

Abstract Y2O3:Yb3+ 5 at% ceramics have been synthesized by the reactive sintering method using different commercial yttria powders (Alfa-Micro, Alfa-Nano, and ITO-V) as raw materials. It has been shown that all Y2O3 starting powders consist from agglomerates up to 5–7 µm in size which are formed from 25–60 nm primary particles. High-energy ball milling allows to significantly decreasing the median particle size D 50 below 500 nm regardless of the commercial powders used. Sintering experiments indicate that powder mixtures fabricated from Alfa-Nano yttria powders have the highest sintering activity, while (Y0.86La0.09Yb0.05)2O3 ceramics sintered at 1750 °C for 10 h are characterized by the highest transmittance of about 45%. Y2O3:Yb3+ ceramics have been obtained by the reactive sintering at 1750–1825°C using Alfa-Nano Y2O3 powders and La2O3+ZrO2 as a complex sintering aid. The effects of the sintering temperature on densification processes, microstructure, and optical properties of Y2O3:Yb3 + 5 at% ceramics have been studied. It has been shown that Zr4 + ions decrease the grain growth of Y2O3:Yb3+ ceramics for sintering temperatures 1750–1775 °C. Further increasing the sintering temperature was accompanied by a sharp increase of the average grain size of ceramics referred to changes of structure and chemical composition of grain boundaries, as well as their mobility. It has been determined that the optimal sintering temperature to produce high-dense yttria ceramics with transmittance of 79%–83% and average grain size of 8 µm is 1800 °C. Finally, laser emission at ∼1030.7 nm with a slope efficiency of 10% was obtained with the most transparent Y2O3:Yb3+ 5 at% ceramics sintered.

Introduction.The quality of rehabilitation measures used during early functional recovery can be assessed by registering somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). In many patients, SSEP are either not recorded, or the results are poorly reproducible. To overcome these difficulties, we proposed to modify the method of recording SSEP in patients post ischaemic stroke. Theaimof the study was to evaluate changes in SSEP after patients with ischaemic stroke underwent motor rehabilitation in the early recovery period. Materials and methods.We examined 36 patients with acute ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. The severity of neurological deficits and the functional state of the nervous system were assessed using international clinical scales, based on electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. The motor rehabilitation consisted of 10 sessions. SSEP were measured before and after the full motor rehabilitation course. We calculated the standard values for SSEP. Results.Before rehabilitation, SSEP were not detected in the ipsilateral hemisphere in 40% of patients. After a course of rehabilitation, SSEP were detected in the majority (83%) of patients, but the values showed significant inter-individual variation, and in such patients, SSEP cannot be used as an indicator of rehabilitation effectiveness. In the group of patients whose SSEP could be reliably recorded and the main components P and N were measurable, we found that the average component latency in the ipsilateral hemisphere was N = 48 15 msec and P = 55 16 msec. These values are significantly higher than in the healthy population. The amplitude parameters corresponded to the published normal values. No statistically significant changes in the latency of components N and P were observed after the course of rehabilitation. Conclusion.Using a method for measuring SSEP with spatiotemporal separation will significantly expand the range of patients whose condition, as well as the effectiveness of the rehabilitation procedures aimed at restoring lost motor function caused by ischaemic brain damage, can be monitored over time.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is accompanied by brain injury manifested as cognitive impairment (CI).Objective: to study cerebral structural and functional changes in patients with DM according to the presence of CI.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 60 patients with type 1 DM and 60 with type 2 DM who were divided into groups according to the presence of CI. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA test) was used to evaluate CI. Glycemia and its variability and the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed. MRI brain images were segmented using the FreeSurfer program and the Recon-all software package. Brain functional MRI was performed using paradigms (for Broca's, Wernicke's and primary motor areas).Results and discussion. Patients with type 1 DM and CI were found to have reduced volumes of the entire white matter and the right hippocampus; those with type 2 DM had decreased gray and white matter volumes. The functional activities of the primary motor and Broca's areas were reduced by 50% in patients with types 1 and by 80% in those with type 2 when conducting the tasks. A relationship was established between disease duration, patient age, glycemic variability index, MoCA test results, and decreases in the volumes of the hippocampus and white and gray matter and in the activity of motor areas in types 1 and 2 DM.Conclusion. Gray and white matter atrophy and impaired motor area functional activity are more significant in type 2 DM. These changes are associated with CI and glycemic variability.

Relevance. A rise in the life expectancy of the planet’s population, lack of exercise and growth in the number of people suffering from overweight lead to an increase in the number of patients suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including osteoarthritis. Given the absence of specific pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis, as well as the increase in the number of patients with co-morbid pathology, it became necessary to search for the proven technologies of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). The purpose of the study was to identify the most effective PRM technologies in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis and to formulate recommendations on their use for practitioners, based on the proof obtained through the analysis of evidence-based high quality studies on the application of PRM technology. Materials and Methods. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies on non-pharmacological methods of osteoarthritis treatment. The most studied of the PRM technologies with the proven effect were the following: physical exercises combined with traditional healthy gymnastics, acupuncture, peloid therapy, balneo therapy, as well as low-frequency electrotherapy, ultrasound therapy and infrared laser therapy. Conclusion. The use of PRM technologies in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis should be based on the results of high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials which serve as the basis for the development of clinical recommendations. The process of the obtained data analysis should be conducted on the regular basis.

The problematic trends of the main factors of agricultural raw materials production have been considered. The high volatility of volume indicators, the lack of correlation between the profitability of business and product output have been noted. It has been concluded, that the current dynamics of cost indicators is largely determined by the market conditions of products and resources, and not by the processes of the producers themselves, the general trend of growth of profitability remains at low levels. Regional structural changes of branch production by types of products, the reasons of decrease in production of animal products have been shown. There difficulties with the production of forage crops, beef, pork, sunflower, lack of own funds, high accounts payable of producers have been noted. It has been proposed to increase the role of state participation in the creation of an effective business environment.

Introduction. The article presents results of developing a certified reference material for the physical properties of the soil clay (loam). The certified characteristics of the reference material are as follows: moisture content at the liquid limit via fall-cone test, moisture content at the plastic limit, soil particle density via pycnometer method.Materials and methods. The certified values of the physical properties of the soil clay (loam) were determined using the method of interlaboratory metrological experiment.Results. The bounds of absolute error of the certified values are as follows: 1.9 % for moisture content at the liquid limit via the fall-cone test, 1.5 % for moisture content at the plastic limit, 0.03 g/cm3 for soil particle density. The validity period of the certified reference material is 5 years.Discussion and conclusion. The developed reference material was registered in the State Register of type-approved reference materials as GSO 11038–2018. The reference material is aimed at: controlling the accuracy of the measurement results of certified characteristics; conducting interlaboratory comparisons; testing laboratories proficiency.

In the article the actuality of study of quality of life is described as an integrative factor which influences the psychoemotional state of women in the period of pregnancy. According to the study methodology, the content of quality of life is disclosed in the indicators of physical and psychological components of health. By means of method of descriptive statistics and analysis of reliable differences general content is presented and specific features of quality of life in women in the period of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy are disclosed. It is found that from the first trimester to the third one the content of components of quality of life is characterized by increase of limitations in performing the physical load, improvement of general emotional state and increase of vital force and energy. Features of psychoemotional state of women in the period of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy are disclosed and described. It is revealed that the state of most women in every trimester of the pregnancy is characterized as a favourable one, however, in the first and last trimester for women a heightened anxiousness, lack of selfconfidence, rigidity, inability to satisfy their own needs are more typical than in the period of the second trimester of pregnancy. On the ground of results of the conducted correlational analysis the interrelationship of indicators of quality of life with indicators of psychoemotional state of pregnant women is shown and described, conditions of physical and psychological well-being in every trimester of pregnancy are identified. It was revealed that in the period of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy the conditions of physical and psychological well-being are as follows: readiness of women to respond flexibly in the new life situation, resistance towards failures, self-confidence and optimal level of anxiousness; in the period of the third trimester of pregnancy: feeling of well-being, positive mood, activity, resistance towards failures and self-confidence.

In 2013, JSC “Russian Railways” railway network was put into operation high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) ES1 “Lastochka” of dual supply with asynchronous traction drive produced by Siemens on Desiro platform. In accordance with the requirements of safety standards, and later the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 001/2011 “On safety of railway rolling stock” experimental EMUs ES1 and ES2G completed a full range of tests, including their final stage - the complex tests of dynamics and impact on railway tracks and turnouts. The article summarizes the results of comprehensive testing of new high-speed EMUs intended for commuter and regional passenger service. Methodology of the study is based on the works of professor M. F. Verigo and includes experimental determination of combination of indicators of dynamic qualities and impact of trains on railway tracks in the complex tests in a single point in time. Study results of the set of dynamic performance qualities and impact of EMUs ES1 and ES2G “Lastochka” on the railway track with help of experimental and experimental-design methods have allowed to give recommendations on the level of permissible speeds, including run through tangent track sections - 160 km/h; in curved sections with radius of more than 400 m permissible speed can be set in terms of non-exceedance of unbalanced lateral acceleration of 0.9 m/s2, in curves of radius less than 400 m - in terms of non-exceedance of unbalanced lateral acceleration of 0.7 m/s2. On the basis of this combination of indicators with Norms of calculation of the strength of railway tracks a table of permissible speeds for trains is defined, which, as a normative document of JSC “Russian Railways”, introduced in the areas of circulation of these trains.

In 2009 there were constructed and brought into pilot operation two sections of RHEDA 2000 ballastless track designed by RailOne (Germany) with the participation of JSC ‘‘Roszheldorproekt”, one of them on the Moskovskaya Railway (in the VNIIZhT’s Testing Center at the station of Scherbinka) and another - on Oktyabr’skaya Railway (on the open line between Sablino and Kolpino). Prior to and in the course of pilot operation the VNIIZhT experts conducted actual loading tests at both sections and routine observations of various ballastless track components’ behaviour under increasing passed tonnage conditions. There are presented the most significant test and observation results as well as test results based conclusions.

Background: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role during neurorehabilitation following ischemic stroke. This study aimed to elucidate the possible role of BDNF during early recovery from ischemic stroke assisted by motor training. Methods: fifty patients were included after acute recovery from ischemic stroke: 21 first received classical rehabilitation followed by ‘motor rehabilitation using motion sensors and augmented reality’ (AR-rehabilitation), 14 only received AR-rehabilitation, and 15 were only observed. Serum BDNF levels were measured on the first day of stroke, on the 14th day, before AR-based rehabilitation (median, 45th day), and after the AR-based rehabilitation (median, 82nd day). Motor impairment was quantified clinically using the Fugl–Meyer scale (FMA); functional disability and activities of daily living (ADL) were measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). For comparison, serum BDNF was measured in 50 healthy individuals. Results: BDNF levels were found to significantly increase during the phase with AR-based rehabilitation. The pattern of the sequentially measured BDNF levels was similar in the treated patients. Untreated patients had significantly lower BDNF levels at the endpoint. Conclusions: the fluctuations of BDNF levels are not consistently related to motor improvement but seem to react to active treatment. Without active rehabilitation treatment, BDNF tends to decrease.

Composites anatase/Y2O3, η-TiO2/Y2O3, Degussa P25/Y2O3 and Hombifine/Y2O3 were prepared by simultaneous dispersion of Y2O3 and TiO2 powders in weakly alkaline aqueous media or dispersion of Y2O3 powders in acidic titania-containing hydrosols followed by special treatment. Initial reagents and composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electronic microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis.

Captopril and fosinopril potential in correcting vascular wall anti-aggregation activity among patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) has been examined. Sixteen-week fosinopril therapy was associated with vascular wall anti-aggregation activity correction. Captopril therapy did not demonstrate similar effects in the given follow-up period. For body weight reduction, fosinopril treatment should be combined with non-pharmaceutical measures.

The aim of the study was to assess therapeutic effects offosinopril on intravascular platelet (PL) activity inpatients with arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Thirty-three patients received fosinopril (10 mg/d) for 4 months. Dynamics of anthropometry and lipid profile parameters, plasma and PL lipid peroxidation, blood and PL anti-oxidant activity, intravascular PL activity were assessed. Ln AH and MS patients, fosinopril improved peroxidation syndrome and intravascular PL activity. Long-term fosinopril treatment could strengthen this beneficial effect. To reduce body mass in AH and MS patients, fosinopril should be combined with non-pharmaceutical interventions.