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Summary Active packaging refers to a set of systems usually aiming to protect and extend the shelf life of food. The incorporation of metal (e.g. zinc, silver, copper, and gold) and metal oxide (e.g. zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and magnesium oxide) nanoparticles into petroleum-based and bio-based polymers has progressively increased for active packaging purposes. These nanoparticles provide to the packaging functional characteristics such as antimicrobial capacity, oxygen scavenging, and photocatalytic activity, as well as better mechanical performance and enhancement of barrier properties. Therefore, the present chapter overviews the incorporation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles into different materials for the development of active packaging systems with multiple functionalities. The types of metal nanoparticles applied to package materials, the main production methods, and the incorporation of them into the packaging are addressed. Additionally, the main features and limitations related to the effect of metal-based nanoparticles on the packaging properties, as well as the possible particle migration to the food and environment when discarded, are discussed., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

—Cybercrime is defined as a crime committed through the use of a computer or network. Cybercrime is growing day by day; it is one of the main crimes executed via internet and technology. Cyberattack can lead to loss of a lot of sensitive data, including personal information, password and credit card numbers. Machine Learning has arisen as a major technique in the field of cybercrime protection. Through design distinguishing proof, ongoing cybercrime planning and broad entrance testing, AI proactively gets rid of digital dangers and fortifies security foundation. In this study, we use four machine learning algorithms: Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor to analyze cybercrime. Among the used cybercrimes Random Forest and Decision tree proved to be the most accurate.

The presence of residual oxygen inside food packaging can significantly affect the organoleptic properties of food and increase microorganism proliferation, decreasing the shelf-life of the products. In this context, the food packaging industry has been investigating new bio-based environmentally friendly multifunctional materials that act as oxygen scavengers and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, in the present work, a new generation of bio-based active films and fibres containing metallic (Zn) and bimetallic (Zn and Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) is developed. Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance oxygen absorption capacity, while the oxidized form of Zn, the ZnO, has relevant antimicrobial properties. The NPs were deposited on poly-lactic acid (PLA) films and PLA fibres (produced by electrospinning) by magnetron sputtering, resulting in two different architectures with dissimilar Fe NPs percentages (0, 10 and 20%). The effect of NPs on the structural and functional properties of the produced materials was evaluated at 60 % and 96 % relative humidity. The morphology and metallic composition of the samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), respectively. The oxygen scavenging capacity was measured using a Piccolo sensor connected to sealed vials containing 5% oxygen. Finally, the antimicrobial assay was performed through the zone of inhibition (ZOI) test, and the Zn NPs migration was evaluated using different food simulants. The results showed all PLA films and fibres developed have significant oxygen scavenging capacity, achieving the highest decrease of oxygen with the PLA film containing Zn/Fe-10%. All the samples presented promising antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. On the other hand, the migration tests revealed that PLA films and fibres containing Fe showed the lowest migration values when 95% ethanol was used as the food simulant, independently of the Fe percentage. Thus, the developing biopolymers prove to be active materials with multiple properties that could be used in the food packaging industry., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The use of bio-based packaging materials containing metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles is relatively modern technology. In this sense, the food packaging industry has been investigating biological and renewable resources that can replace petroleum-based materials to reduce the environmental impact and at the same time, include new functionalities using nanotechnology. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop bio-based poly-lactic acid (PLA) films with Zinc (Zn) and Zinc-Iron (Zn-Fe) nanoparticles (NPs), deposited by magnetron sputtering, and evaluate their effect on the structural and functional properties of the films when the NPs are oxidized to be exposed at 60 % and 96 % relative humidity (RH). The morphology and elemental analysis of the samples were determined by scanning (transmission) electron microscopy (SEM and STEM), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The structure of the PLA was monitored before and after NPs oxidation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and the antimicrobial and color assays were performed by using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) test and a Minolta colorimeter, respectively. Finally, the films were correlated in terms of the deposit conditions, Zn or Zn-Fe concentrations, and thickness. The results revealed PLA films with different morphologies, compositions, and sizes of Zn or Zn-Fe NPs. The samples showed a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, S. aureus, and A. niger, and changes of color and opacity for the samples with the smaller thickness when stored at 95 % relative humidity. On the other hand, when the Fe in the films increases, the luminosity of the films decreased as well as their antibacterial activity when compared to the films with pure Zn. Hence, these findings are relevant to the food packaging field since intelligent and active films with multiple properties can be developed., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

ispartof: pages:13-18 ispartof: IFAC PAPERSONLINE vol:55 issue:31 pages:13-18 ispartof: 14th IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems, Robotics, and Vehicles (CAMS) location:DENMARK, Kongens Lyngby date:14 Sep - 16 Sep 2022 status: published

Coprecipitation is by far the most common synthesis method for iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). However, reproducibility and scalability represent a major challenge. Therefore, innovative processes for scalable production of IONPs are highly sought after. Here, we explored the combination of microwave heating with a flow reactor producing IONPs through coprecipitation. The synthesis was initially studied in a well-characterised microwave-heated flow system, enabling the synthesis of multicore IONPs, with control over both the single core size and the multicore hydrodynamic diameter. The effect of residence time and microwave power was investigated, enabling the synthesis of multicore nanostructures with hydrodynamic diameter between ∼35 and 70 nm, with single core size of 3–5 nm. Compared to particles produced under conventional heating, similar single core sizes were observed, though with smaller hydrodynamic diameters. The process comprised of the initial IONP coprecipitation followed by the addition of the stabiliser (citric acid and dextran). The ability of precisely controlling the stabiliser addition time (distinctive of flow reactors), contributed to the synthesis reproducibility. Finally, scale-up by increasing the reactor length and using a different microwave cavity was demonstrated, producing particles of similar structure as those from the small scale system, with a throughput of 3.3 g/h., L.P. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 721290. This publication reflects only the authors’ view, exempting the Community from any liability. Project website: http://cosmic-etn.eu/. We also thank EPSRC (Grant EP/M015157/1) for funding. AS thanks the EPSRC CDT for the Advanced Characterization of Materials (grant EP/L015277/1) for his studentship. VS acknowledges the ICTS ELECMI-LMA for offering access to their instruments and expertise.

This paper presents X-Band wide bandwidth coaxial cavity band pass filter for spacecraft checkout applications. Mostly coaxial cavity filter is used for designing narrow bandwidth filter, less than 1 percent bandwidth but in this paper an attempt has been made to design and develop a compact size filter with more than 1 percent bandwidth. The main advantage of this designed filter is its wide bandwidth and excellent harmonic rejection performance. The realized filter has 1.1 dB insertion loss at center frequency of 8.2 GHz, better than 18 dB return loss over a passband of 7.96 GHz to 8.44 GHz and 60 dB rejection at 720 MHz away from center frequency. Achieved results of proposed filter are in good agreement with the design specifications.

espanolAntecedentes y Objetivos. El estudio de la funcion atencional, foco de interes en el campo de las neurociencias, puede realizarse mediante la cuantificacion electroencefalografica, tecnica no invasiva que permite evaluar la actividad cerebral. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la atencion/concentracion del personal de las Fuerzas Armadas espanolas durante la simulacion de manejo de vehiculos militares. Se analizan para ello las variaciones en la complejidad numerica bioelectrica cortical al pasar de estados basales a tareas de simulacion, y con la dificultad de dichas tareas. Material y metodos. Se han analizado las senales electroencefalograficas de 36 sujetos voluntarios con la Movilidad, estimador de la frecuencia media de la senal que mide la desviacion estandar de la derivada de la senal en referencia a la desviacion estandar de la amplitud. Los datos se han estudiado estadisticamente mediante: analisis exploratorio, analisis de varianza de dos factores y prueba de hipotesis. Resultados. Se observa un aumento del promedio cortical de la Movilidad en cada tipo de electroencefalograma a medida que la tarea se vuelve mas compleja y requiere mas atencion, y una disminucion a medida que cesa la actividad. La Movilidad muestra un aumento considerable en el area occipital y parte de las areas temporales durante las simulaciones, lo que indica la activacion de las redes del area visual primaria y la corteza auditiva primaria. Conclusiones. La Movilidad detecta cambios en la actividad de diferentes areas corticales asociados a las tareas cognitivas, por lo que puede considerarse un buen indicador de la actividad cerebral. EnglishBackground and Objectives. The study of the attentional function, a focus of interest in the neurosciences field, can be carried out through electroencephalographic quantification, a non-invasive technique that enables the evaluation of the brain activity. The objective of this work is to analyze the attention/concentration of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces in tactical simulations of handling military vehicles. For this purpose, variations in cortical bioelectric numerical complexity are analyzed when moving from resting states to simulation tasks, and with the difficulty of the task. Material and methods. Electroencephalographic signals were analyzed from a group of 36 volunteer subjects with the Mobility, an estimator of the average frequency of the signal that measures the standard deviation of the derivative of the signal in reference to the standard deviation of the amplitude. The data have been statistically studied by means of an exploratory survey, an analysis of variance of two factors and a hypothesis test. Results. An increase of the cortical average of Mobility is observed in each type of electroencephalogram as the task becomes more complex and requires more attention, and decreases as the activity ceases. Mobility shows a considerable increase in the occipital and part of the temporal areas during the simulations, which shows the activation of the signals corresponding to the primary visual area and the primary auditory cortex. Conclusions. Mobility detects changes in the activity of different cortical areas with the change in cognitive tasks. Thus, it can be considered a good indicator of brain activity.

SAR payloads are generally used on-board all-weather imaging satellites. When compared to optical payloads they are found more suitable for target detection applications in absence of sunlight. Their working principle is based on transmission and reception of pulses of predefined pulse characteristics. The reflected pulse from earth terrain is analysed and processed based on the changes in the transmitted pulses. This analysis provides all the necessary information regarding the terrain. The effectiveness of the image generation depends on the accuracy of the desired pulse that is transmitted. Thus there is a need for characterizing the transmitted pulses for all the relevant parameters. This paper provides an automated scheme to characterize the transmit receive modules in a typical LFM (Liner Frequency Modulation) SAR payload. This scheme includes a test set up comprising of various COTS measurement instruments. It also includes an automation software which conducts all the measurements using the test set up and presents the results in a standard form.

Alumina thin coatings were grown on Germanium (Ge) coated black polyimide (GBP) or Kapton which has been used as a sunshield membrane on communication satellite antennas to protect it from environmental degradation during ground storage and implementation. The deposited nanoalumina coatings were found to be optically transparent in solar regime in spectral window while RF characteristic revealed negligible losses. Space worthiness of the coating was examined by simulated environments, e.g. humidity, thermal cycling and thermovacuum tests. No degradation was observed in its microstructural, thermo-optical, electrical, chemical state and RF characteristic in particular Ku and Ka bands. The aforesaid study indicates that the alumina thin coating is able to prevent surface degradation of GBP retaining the thermo-optical properties of the Ge coated Kapton and RF transparency which are functional requirements for communication antenna. The thickness of the optimized alumina coating was ~60 nm.

Attention is one of the most widely studied superior cerebral functions and base of many other cognitive processes. It is sometimes understood as concentration on a task or target. The level of execution of a task and the ability to process information are dependent on the state of cerebral activation of the subject. This brain activity can be recorded with the electroencephalogram (EEG).Attention is studied in states of rest and during the performance of tasks in military personnel, exploring the differences between two groups (cadets and officers/NCOs).EEG signals have been recorded from 19 cadets and 17 officers of the General Military Academy and from the General Hospital of the Defense during military simulation tasks and in states of rest. Our team uses its own methodology of the dynamic systems and fractal techniques for the modeling and quantification of the EEG signals, in this case for the computation of the fractal dimension of the record of each derivation. The data obtained are subjected to a statistical study.Higher cortical global mean values were observed in the officers group. The dimension increases in both groups by raising the difficulty of the task in all areas of the brain except in the frontal zone. They highlight the significant differences between groups in the simulation task of driving combat vehicle in the central, parietal and temporal areas.The results obtained show that the two groups studied do not behave homogeneously in the same attention task that involves a video game.Estudio cortical de la atencion en tests de simulacion militar.Introduccion. La atencion es una de las funciones cerebrales superiores mas estudiadas en nuestros dias y la base de otros procesos cognitivos. En ocasiones se entiende como la concentracion en una tarea. El nivel de ejecucion de una tarea y la habilidad para procesar informacion son dependientes del estado de activacion cerebral, que puede registrarse mediante el electroencefalograma (EEG). Objetivo. Estudiar la atencion en estados de reposo y durante el desarrollo de tareas propias del personal militar, explorando las diferencias entre dos grupos (cadetes/mandos). Sujetos y metodos. Se han recogido señales de EEG de 19 cadetes y 17 oficiales de la Academia General Militar y del Hospital General de la Defensa durante tareas de simulacion militar y en estados de reposo. Nuestro equipo utiliza metodologia propia de sistemas dinamicos y tecnicas fractales para modelizar y cuantificar las señales del EEG, en este caso para el calculo de la dimension fractal del registro de cada derivacion. Los datos obtenidos en diversos estados cerebrales se someten a un estudio estadistico. Resultados. Se observan mayores valores de las medias globales corticales en el grupo de mandos. La dimension aumenta en ambos grupos al elevar la dificultad de la tarea en todas las areas cerebrales, salvo en la zona frontal. Destacan las diferencias significativas entre grupos en la tarea de simulacion de manejo de vehiculos de combate en las zonas central, parietal y temporal. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los dos grupos no se comportan de manera homogenea en la misma tarea de atencion que implica un videojuego.

Protective alumina thin films of different thicknesses (35–95 nm) were grown by pulsed RF magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature on germanium (Ge) coated black polyimide or Kapton® substrate which is often employed as sunshield membrane on communications satellite antennas. The thin alumina top layer provides shielding of Ge coating from degradation during storage. The alumina thin film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques to investigate microstructural and electronic characteristics. Thermo-optical properties such as IR emittance, solar absorptance, reflectance and transmittance and electrical property e.g. sheet resistance of the deposited alumina films were measured. The RF losses e.g. insertion loss and return loss were measured in both Ku band (10.5–14.5 GHz) and Ka band (27–40 GHz). Finally, to prove anti-degradation behavior of alumina thin film, water droplet spreading experiments were carried out and evaluated its chemical degradation by XPS.

Digital circuits are more resilient to PVT variations, has smaller area and lower power consumption than analog circuits. In this paper, two digital techniques, wait state and time slot, were used to solve the timing failures in the operation of the digital processing block of a power line sensor node. In this sensor node design, timing failures occur because of two reasons: 1) the power-on reset (POR) circuits are switching early and 2) the storage capacitor of the energy harvesting block cannot fully support the required energy during transmit operations. Using wait states, timing failures were prevented by providing timing margin between the POR switching and the activation of the digital blocks. The counters to implement the wait states only contributed 2% additional area and 5% addition al power consumption to the digital processor. The time slot technique, on the other hand, prevented timing failures by providing a schedule for the transmit operation to execute only at a time when Pin is higher than Ptransmit. Using this technique, the size of the storage capacitor of the energy harvesting block was reduced 50 times compared when the technique is not used. The power line sensor node was successfully fabricated in 65nm CMOS process with an area of 4.84mm2 and was designed to work at a noisy voltage supply of 500mV with a voltage ripple of 15mV peak to peak and a wide temperature range of 0°C to 120°C.

Introduccion. La atencion es una de las funciones cerebrales superiores mas estudiadas en nuestros dias y la base de otros procesos cognitivos. En ocasiones se entiende como la concentracion en una tarea. El nivel de ejecucion de una tarea y la habilidad para procesar informacion son dependientes del estado de activacion cerebral, que puede registrarse mediante el electroencefalograma (EEG). Objetivo. Estudiar la atencion en estados de reposo y durante el desarrollo de tareas propias del personal militar, explorando las diferencias entre dos grupos (cadetes/mandos). Sujetos y metodos. Se han recogido senales de EEG de 19 cadetes y 17 oficiales de la Academia General Militar y del Hospital General de la Defensa durante tareas de simulacion militar y en estados de reposo. Nuestro equipo utiliza metodologia propia de sistemas dinamicos y tecnicas fractales para modelizar y cuantificar las senales del EEG, en este caso para el calculo de la dimension fractal del registro de cada derivacion. Los datos obtenidos en diversos estados cerebrales se someten a un estudio estadistico. Resultados. Se observan mayores valores de las medias globales corticales en el grupo de mandos. La dimension aumenta en ambos grupos al elevar la dificultad de la tarea en todas las areas cerebrales, salvo en la zona frontal. Destacan las diferencias significativas entre grupos en la tarea de simulacion de manejo de vehiculos de combate en las zonas central, parietal y temporal. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los dos grupos no se comportan de manera homogenea en la misma tarea de atencion que implica un videojuego.

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron-deficient and stable Ir isotopes using the COMPLIS experimental setup installed at ISOLDE-CERN. The radioactive Ir atoms were obtained from successive decays of a mass-separated Hg beam deposited onto a carbon substrate after deceleration to 1kV and subsequently laser desorbed. A three-color, two-step resonant scheme was used to selectively ionize the desorbed Ir atoms. The hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift (IS) of the first transition of the ionization path $5d^{7}6s ^{2}^{4}F_{9/2} \to 5d^{7}6s6p ^{6}F_{11/2}$ at 351.5nm were measured for $^{182-189}$Ir, $^{186}Ir^{m}$ and the stable $^{191,193}$Ir. The nuclear magnetic moments μI and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments Qs were obtained from the HFS spectra and the change of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. The sign of μI was experimentally determined for the first time for the masses 182≤A≤189 and the isomeric state $^{186}Ir^ m$ . The spectroscopic quadrupole moments of $^{182}$Ir and $^{183}$Ir were measured also for the first time. A large mean square charge radius change between $^{187}$Ir and $^{186}Ir^g$ and between $^{186}Ir^m$ and $^{186}Ir ^g$ was observed corresponding to a sudden increase in deformation: from β2 ≃ + 0.16 for the heavier group A = 193, 191, 189, 187 and 186m to β2 ≥ + 0.2 for the lighter group A = 186g, 185, 184, 183 and 182. These results were analyzed in the framework of a microscopic treatment of an axial rotor plus one or two quasiparticle(s). This sudden deformation change is associated with a change in the proton state that describes the odd-nuclei ground state or that participates in the coupling with the neutron in the odd-odd nuclei. This state is identified with the π3/2+[402] orbital for the heavier group and with the π1/2-[541] orbital stemming from the 1h _9/2 spherical subshell for the lighter group. That last state seems to affect strongly the observed values of the nuclear moments.

A chemically selective laser ion source has been used in a β-decay study of heavy Ag isotopes into even-even Cd nuclides. Gamma-spectroscopic techniques in time-resolving event-by-event and multiscaling modes have permitted the identification of the first 2+ and 4+ levels in 126Cd78, 128Cd80, and tentatively the 2+ state in 130Cd82. From a comparison of these new states in 48Cd with the E(2+) and E(4+)/E(2+) level systematics of 46Pd and 52Te isotopes and several recent model predictions, possible evidence for a weakening of the spherical N = 82 neutron-shell below double-magic 132Sn is obtained.

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron deficient iridium isotopes. The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the optical Ir I transition 5d76s24F9/2 → 5d76s6p 6F11/2 at 351.5 nm have been studied for the 182–189Ir, \(^{186} {\text{Ir}}^\user1{m} \) and 191,193Ir isotopes. The nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments were obtained from the HFS measurements and the changes of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. A large mean square charge radius change between 187Ir and 186Ir and between \(^{186} {\text{Ir}}^\user1{m} \) and \(^{186} {\text{Ir}}^\user1{g} \) has been observed.

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on very neutron-deficient isotopes of Au, Pt and Ir, produced as daughter elements from a Hg ISOLDE beam. For these transitional region nuclides, the hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift (IS) were measured by Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS). Magnetic moments μ, spectroscopic quadrupole moments Qs and changes of the nuclear mean square charge radius δ〈rc 2〉along isotopic series have been extracted. For some results, a detailed comparison with theoretical predictions is presented.

Resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) technique has been used in the β-decay studies of 59Mn and 58Zn. The importance of the RILIS for production of these elements is discussed. The properties of the low-lying levels of the studied nuclei are discussed.

At the ISOLDE on line mass separator a system of copper vapor lasers and dye lasers serves for resonant ionization of atoms inside a hot cavity attached to the target. Radioactive ion beams of Yb, Ag, Mn, Ni, Zn, Be, Cu, Cd and Sn were produced with the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS). Two and three step excitation schemes are used, providing an ionization efficiency of about 10%. Thanks to the use of the RILIS it became possible to ionize beryllium efficiently at ISOLDE, and all particle stable Be isotopes could be separated for the first time. Separation of Ag and Cu nuclear isomers was achieved in the ion source by appropriate tuning of the laser wavelength. New isotopes of Ag, Mn, Zn, Cd and Sn were found, including the r process “waiting point” nucleus 129Ag.

The magnetic moment of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ ( ${T}_{1/2}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}13.8\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$) was measured by detecting nuclear magnetic resonance signals in a beryllium crystal lattice. The experimental technique applied to a ${}^{11}{\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ion beam from a laser ion source includes in-beam optical polarization, implantation into a metallic single crystal, and observation of rf resonances in the asymmetric angular distribution of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay ( $\ensuremath{\beta}$-NMR). The nuclear magnetic moment $\ensuremath{\mu}{(}^{11}\mathrm{Be})\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}1.6816(8)\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$ provides a stringent test for theoretical models describing the structure of the $1/{2}^{+}$ neutron halo state.

The 7Be(p,γ)8B capture reaction is of major importance to the physics of the sun and the issues of the “solar neutrino puzzle”. We report here on a new determination of the absolute cross section of this reaction, using a novel method which overcomes some of the major experimental uncertainties of previous measurements. We utilize a 7Be target implanted into a Cu substrate and a uniformly scanned particle beam larger than the target spot, eliminating issues of target homogeneity and backscattering loss of 8B reaction products. The target was produced using a beam of 1.8·1010/s 7Be nuclei extracted at ISOLDE (CERN) from a graphite target bombarded by 1 GeV protons in a two-step resonant laser ionization source. The 7Be nuclei were directly implanted into a copper substrate to obtain a target of 2 mm diameter with a total of 3.1015 atoms. The measurement of the 8B production cross section was carried out at the Van de Graaff laboratory of the Weizmann Institute of Science. We obtain for the S factor of the reaction: S17(Ecm = 1.09 MeV) = 22.7(1.2) eV. barn and S17(Ecm = 1.29 MeV) = 23.8(1.5) eV. barn, somewhat higher than other recent measurements. The present results can serve as a benchmark for further measurements of this cross section.

The use of chemically selective laser ionization combined with beta-delayed neutron counting at CERN/ISOLDE has permitted identification and half-life measurements for 623-ms Mn-61 up through 14-ms Mn-69. The measured half-lives are found to be significantly longer near N=40 than the values calculated with a QRPA shell model using ground-state deformations from the FRDM and ETFSI models. Gamma-ray singles and coincidence spectroscopy has been performed for Mn-64 and Mn-66 decays to levels of Fe-64 and Fe-66, revealing a significant drop in the energy of the first 2+ state in these nuclides that suggests an unanticipated increase in collectivity near N=40., Latex-file with 4 figures, 5 pages, Phys. Rev. Lett., in print

Isotope shift and hyperfine structure measurements have been performed on the short lived184Au nucleus using the COMPLIS apparatus installed at ISOLDE. The charge radius change and the magnetic and quadrupole moments of both isomeric and ground states have been deduced. The184Au ground state appears to be slightly more deformed than the isomeric state.

A preparation scheme for a 7Li+ ion beam in a storage ring is presented which provides ions in the metastable triplet states with well controlled longitudinal phase space properties. For both state selective preparation and beam cooling, laser- and electron-cooler forces are applied. The spatial- and momentum distributions of the ions are directly detected by a time resolved measurement of the fluorescence light. At low beam intensities, the remaining heating rate of such a beam is completely determined by residual gas scattering.

Heavy ion storage rings allow for tests of the structure of local space time via the Doppler effect. At the TSR/Heidelberg an experiment with high resolution laser spectroscopy at 7 Li + is performed. To gain the maximum resolution for saturation spectroscopy new methods of relativistic ion beam preparation and diagnostics have been developed. The laser cooling of the beam allows for precision determination of the mean velocity of the ions. A novel phase synchronous detection scheme, ultimately sensitive to single ions, gives insights into the cooling mechanism and dynamics. With an additional synchronous excitation scheme systematic uncertainties of the test experiment can be drastically reduced. After separation of the ground state ions from the triplet states of 7 Li + by the combination of laser and electron cooling, a bunched and cooled ensemble of fast moving high precision clocks with minimized perturbations by space charge effects and intra beam scattering is available.

Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) was performed on desorbed Au, and the complete hyperfine spectrum of both isomeric and ground states of the short lived 184Au nucleus has been recorded from the 5d106s S1y2 ! 5d106p P3y2 optical transition. The nuclear moments of both states and the mean square charge radius changes were measured. The magnetic moments were determined to be m 184g I­5 ­ 12.07s2dmN and m I­2 ­ 11.44s2dmN and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments to be Q 184g s ­ 14.65s26db and Q184m s ­ 11.90s16d b. A difference in the mean square charge radius dkr2 c l184g,184m ­ 20.036s3d fm2 was found. [S0031-9007(97)03992-6]

Heavy ion storage rings allow for tests of the structure of local space time via the Doppler effect. At the TSR/Heidelberg an experiment with high resolution laser spectroscopy at 7Li+ is performed. To gain the maximum resolution for saturation spectroscopy new methods of relativistic ion beam preparation and diagnostics have been developed. The laser cooling of the beam allows for precision determination of the mean velocity of the ions. A novel phase synchronous detection scheme, ultimately sensitive to single ions, gives insights into the cooling mechanism and dynamics. With an additional synchronous excitation scheme systematic uncertainties of the test experiment can be drastically reduced. After separation of the ground state ions from the triplet states of 7Li+ by the combination of laser and electron cooling, a bunched and cooled ensemble of fast moving high precision clocks with minimized perturbations by space charge effects and intra beam scattering is available.

Radioactive copper isotopes were ionized with the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) at the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE (CERN). Using the different hyperfine structure in the 3d10 4s 2 S1/2 – 3d10 4p 2 P01/2 transition the low- and high-spin isomers of 70 Cu were selectively enhanced by tuning the laser wavelength. The light was provided by a narrow-bandwidth dye laser pumped by copper vapor lasers (CVL) and frequency doubled in a BBO crystal. The ground state to isomeric state intensity ratio could be varied by a factor of 30, allowing to assign gamma transitions unambiguously to the decay of the individual isomers. It is shown that the method can also be used to determine magnetic moments. In a first experiment for the 1+ ground state of 70 Cu a magnetic moment of (+)1.8(3) μN and for the high-spin isomer of 70 Cu a magnetic moment of (±)1.2(3) μN could be deduced.

Recently reported logic style comparisons are base don gate level analysis. If not, the comparison is based on the systems' best-case analysis. This work compares logic families by implementing a 32-bit carry look-ahead adder in 90nmtechnology. It focuses on comparing full-rail logic styles such as static CMOS, DCVSL, and DVL because as the transistor lengths get shorter, as is the current trend, the supply also decreases that it may not make other logic style families to work. Results show that for low power application, it is best to use CMOS logic style because of its low average power consumption.

The advancement of modern computing machines today is seen in embedded systems by making the system do more functions faster and in real time. One technique is to use multiple processors executing in parallel. Also, because embedded systems have limited memory size, adding more functions in the system will limit the data that can be stored in the memory. This project is an implementation of a compiler for an ARM7TDMI-S microprocessor with dual-core capabilities. Aside from the 32-bit ARM7 instructions, the compiler also includes 16-bit thumb instructions and atomic instructions as its target output. Using thumb instructions compresses the size of the program in the memory to increase the number of data that can be stored in it. Code optimizations and memory optimizations were applied to further take advantage of the use of dual-core microprocessors. Result shows that the compiler gives a good distribution of instructions to the two cores.