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Aim: to study morphological changes in healing of chronic purulent-necrotic wounds in rats with local use of 0.025 % decamethoxine solution and mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed on 120 rats, which were divided into the following groups: I – control (without treatment); II – the use of classical wound healing (0.025 % decamethoxine); III – the use of clones of mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord; IV – the use of clones of mesenchymal stem cells (cloned in inert gases). To assess morphological changes in chronic wounds, fragments measuring 0.5 cm × 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm were cut from the edges, followed by fixation in 10 % solution of neutral formalin. The microspeciments were prepared according to standard methods, histological sections 5–7 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, basic brown, picrofuchsin according to van Gieson, Masson trichrome. The monoclonal antibodies (DAKO) with markers of intermediate filaments, mesenchymal cells and myofibroblasts – Vimentin (Clone V9), smooth muscle actin (αSMA, Clone 1A4), transmembrane protein of endothelial, stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts CD34 (Clone QBEnd 10) were used for immunohistochemistry. Results. The positive dynamics of chronic wounds healing, with the usage of 0.025 % decamethoxine solution only in the early stages (3–7 days) was determined with a decrease in inflammatory cellular infiltration, while MSC and MSC-IG were effective at all stages of research and confirmed by more intensive purification of the wound’s surface from purulent and necrotic tissues, area of the wound reduction, granulation tissue formation and epithelialization acceleration. Conclusions. The use of MSCs and MSCs-IG creates favorable conditions for the normal course of regenerative processes and epithelialization of wounds with the activation of fibroblasts, which increases the effectiveness of chronic wound healing.

Background. A comprehensive integrated study of the human spinal cord in the prenatal period of ontogenesis will make it possible to deepen knowledge about the mechanisms of malformation and increase prognostic data, as well as the likelihood of their correction in utero in early gestation. Objective: to establish the characteristic signs of differences in the macrometric parameters of the human spinal cord in the prenatal period of ontogenesis in comparison with fetuses with developmental anomalies. During the study, the following methods were used: anatomical, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical. Results. All macrometric parameters of the spinal pulp in the studied malformations are lower than those of their age group. Thus, the parameters of the spinal cord of Siamese twins 17-18 weeks old corresponded to the parameters of fetuses of 14-15 weeks without malformations. In anencephals of 17-18 weeks, the total length corresponded to human fetuses of 11-12 weeks. At the same time, the length and diameter of the cervical and lumbosacral thickenings corresponded to similar parameters of human fetuses of 8-9 weeks. The length of the spinal cord of anencephals of 20-21 weeks actually corresponded to the length of the spinal cord of fetuses of 14-15 weeks, other parameters - 11-12 weeks. In fetuses with spina bifida 17-18 weeks, the length of the spinal cord was 14-15 weeks, the diameter of the thoracic part was 9-10 weeks, the diameter of the lumbosacral thickening was 8-9 weeks. In fetuses with spina bifida of 20-21 weeks, the length of the spinal cord also corresponded to 14-15 weeks, the length and diameter of the cervical and lumbosacral thickenings were similar to those of fetuses of 17-18 weeks. In fetuses with teratomas, the length of the spinal cord corresponded to fetuses of 14-15 weeks. Conclusion. Macrometric parameters of the spinal cord lesions of human fetuses with the above-described congenital anomalies lag behind in development compared with fetuses without malformations of the corresponding age period of ontogenesis. The exception is the fetus of a person with teratomas of 17-18 weeks, where, in addition to the length of the spinal cord, all other parameters correspond to their age group.

Objective of the study was to analyze the particulars of morphofunctional changes in pelvic organs under conditions of stress urinary incontinence and experimental vaginal prolapse. Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 50 sexually mature white female rats divided into three groups. The first control group consisted of intact animals; the 2-nd group consisted of animals with replicated stress urinary incontinence model; and the 3-rd group consisted of animals with a combined model, in which, after replication of the stress urinary incontinence model, the vaginal vault fixation to sacro-uterine ligaments was broken, thus causing vaginal prolapse. After withdrawal of animals from the experiment, histological studies of bladder, urethra and vulva were carried out. Study results. After replication of the stress urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse model, the destructive processes in the mucous membranes of the bladder, urethra, and vulva were developing, the volume of connective tissue in muscle membranes was increasing, the collagen fibers were thickening, and one could observe changes thereof with manifestations of destruction within a 30-day period. A combination of these processes led to an alteration of histoarchitectonics and the muscle ratio and connective tissues in membranes covering the study organs in both groups. Pathological changes accompanied by structural rebuild of bladder, urethra, and vulva tissues were more pronounced in the combined model. Conclusions. Replication of the stress urinary incontinence model in the bladder of female rats caused an overactive state of the above, while the muscle membranes of urethra and vulva became moderately atonic. The combined stress urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse model used by us was successfully replicated in all animals of the experimental group, which was confirmed by morphofunctional changes in the bladder, urethra and vulva tissues. Functional changes dominated in animals with the stress urinary incontinence model. The animals with a combined stress urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse model presented with functional changes predominantly observed on day 14, and changes in the histoarchitectonics of the study organs on day 30. Replication of the combined stress urinary incontinence + vaginal prolapse model resulted in swelling of the vulva tissues, accompanied by growth and consolidation of collagen fiber bundles, muscular and mucosal membranes atrophy, and decreased quantity of microcirculatory bed vessels. Pathological changes in structural elements of the vulva after application of the combined model suggested a trophic disturbance, which was confirmed by a decrease in the density of capillaries by 34.24% and fibrosis of arteriolar membranes.

The principles of the human spinal cord development constitute the basis for understanding of appearance of congenital abnormalities of the CNS development, which make 7 % of the total number of malformations in the embryonic period of human’s development. Purpose – to find out the cytoarchitectonic structure of the spinal cord segments of human fetuses with anencephaly, their morphometric parameters and the degree of the proliferation of neural stem cells. Materials and methods – anatomical and histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric research was carried out related to the spinal cord of 4 human fetuses with anencephaly of the gestational period of 17–18 weeks. Results. The length of the spinal cord of 17–18 weeks anencephalic fetuses corresponds to the length of human fetuses without malformations of 11–12 weeks, the rest macrometric parameters – 8–9 weeks. The largest area of grey matter was that of segments at the level of lumbosacral and cervical enlargements, the least one at the level of thoracic segments. The specific gravity of neuroepithelium in the grey matter of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments was 0.4, 0.1, 0.6, 1.6 % respectively. The expression of the proliferation protein in the spinal cord neuroepithelium segments of anencephalic fetuses is approaching 0 %. However, in the ventral horns near the location of neural complexes single mitoses of glial cells occur. In quantitative terms, in the ventral horns 1.5 % of glial cells reacted, while in the dorsal ones – 0.6 %. The expression of vimentin in the mantle and marginal layers is poor. On the border between the ventral and dorsal horns an insignificant number of fibers have a radial direction. Moderate expression of synaptophysin was observed in the marginal layer, except for cuneate fasciculi where the relatively weak expression has been established, which testifies to the insufficient myelination of the conduction tracts fibers. Conclusions. Macro- and morphometric parameters of the spinal cord of human fetuses with 17–18 week anencephaly point out to the significant retardation in development. Numerous disorders in the structural organization of both grey matter and white matter have been found out. The proliferation of neural stem cells in neuroepithelium is approaching 0 %.