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As the global political landscape keeps changing, digital development becomes even more important for the BRICS integration. The article describes the benefits of digitalizing the economic systems of the BRICS countries, as well as outlines the opportunities of strengthening their digital potential. The authors analyzed the current dynamics of the digital development in the BRICS countries and assessed the ability of digital technologies to compensate for the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BRICS economy. They used a set of standard research methods combined with economic, statistical, and graphic analyses to identify the main integrative directions between the countries that may improve their digital potential. The pandemic widened the gap between Internet use in urban and rural areas but diversified it as e-commerce continued to grow and more and more public services went digital. China and India increased their exports of information and communication goods and services. The article contains some ideas on strengthening the intra-integration cooperation between the BRICS countries in order to expand their digital potential. The indicators of digital development in all BRICS countries increased after the pandemic, and the integration proved effective as a new center of influence in the global economy.

Abstract Recent advancements in experimental and computational methods for RNA secondary structure detection have revealed the crucial role of RNA structural elements in diverse molecular processes within living cells. It has been demonstrated that the secondary structure of the entire viral genome is often responsible for performing crucial functions in the viral life cycle and also influences virus evolution. To investigate the role of viral RNA secondary structure, alongside experimental techniques, the use of bioinformatics tools is important for analyzing various secondary structure patterns, including hairpin loops, internal loops, multifurcations, external loops, bulges, stems, and pseudoknots. Here, we have introduced a Python package for analyzing RNA secondary structure elements in viral genomes, which includes the recognition of common secondary structure patterns, the generation of descriptive statistics for these structural elements, and the provision of their basic properties. We applied the developed package to analyze the secondary structures of complete viral genomes collected from the literature, aiming to gain insights into viral function and evolution. Both the package and the collection of secondary structures of viral genomes are available at http://github.com/KazanovLab/RNAsselem .

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice in diagnostics and differential diagnosis of spinal cord arterial infarction and venous insufficiency. However, imaging of vascular myelopathy is complicated by the lack of clear diagnostic criteria. Basic MRI sequences have low sensitivity at disease onset, and described MR patterns do not sufficiently increase imaging specificity for spinal cord ischemia, so imaging protocols are to be elaborated. Diffusion-weighted imaging is a key additional sequence that allows establishing the ischemic nature of myelopathy. Inclusion of spinal MR angiography in comprehensive MR examination allows visualization of aorta abnormalities, its large branches or spinal arteriovenous fistulas, so that they can be treated early. We presented an optimal MRI protocol for patients with suspected ischemic spinal stroke. Promising high-tech MR sequences for visualization of vascular myelopathies were reviewed.

Aim of the study: to compare the antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines with the same antigens but different adjuvants: Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C); to evaluate the effect of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) on the cytokine profile of serum and the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells. Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of vaccines with different adjuvants, two transplantable tumor lines were used: melanoma B16-F10 and EG 7-OVA lymphoma (expressing ovalbumin) for C57BL/6 mice. Against melanoma B16-F10, vaccination with the peptide TRP2 180–188 with the studied adjuvants was performed in a mixed (preventive/therapeutic) and therapeutic regimens. Ovalbumin with adjuvants was vaccinated against EG 7 lymphoma in a therapeutic mode. The immunogenicity of vaccines with different adjuvants in mice without tumors was evaluated by the ELISPOT method. In this case, the peptide TRP2 180–188 and the protein ovalbumin also served as antigens. The cytokine profile of blood serum and changes in the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells after administration of Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C) were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In the B16-F10 model, vaccination in a mixed mode protected mice from tumor formation, and the mice lived for more than 100 days. For B16-F10 and EG 7, vaccination in the therapeutic mode led only to inhibition of tumor growth. Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) showed a similar ability to develop specific immunity to the peptide TRP2 and ovalbumin. Ridostin Pro increased cytokine levels in the blood serum of mice more strongly than Poly(I:C). Both drugs caused similar changes in the immunophenotype of spleen cells, but Ridostin Pro increased the number of CD 69+ T cells more strongly than Poly(I:C). Conclusion. The comparison of two drugs as adjuvants for antitumor vaccines showed that the domestic drug Ridostin Pro did not inferior in effectiveness to Poly(I:C) on mouse models. In this regard, Ridostin Pro can be considered as a promising adjuvant for antitumor vaccines and deserves further study.

Allogeneic tendon grafts are seriously demand in knee joint plastic surgery. The novel method of tendon cryopreservation, including sterilization with supercritical carbon dioxide, was developed in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Cryopreserved tendons retain their normal fiber structure without significant loss of mechanical properties. At the next stage it was necessary to evaluate cryopreserved tendons′ integration inside bone canal in experimental animals.The aim of study. To evaluate morphologic changes of autologous and allogeneic tendons inside the femur in rats and to determine the effect of tendon transplantation on the physical activity.Material and methods. The study was conducted on white inbreed male rats. Three groups of animals were formed: the control group (animals without tendon transplantation), the 1st experimental group – animals with autologous tendon transplantation, the 2nd experimental group – animals with allogeneic tendon transplantation. In animals of the experimental groups the through channel was formed in the distal metaepiphysis of the femur and a tail tendon graft 0.5 x 0.1 cm was placed there. To assess the physical activity of the animals, we studied maximum distance that the animals could run 3 and 6 weeks after transplantation was determined, using treadmill test. The graft structure was evaluated on histological preparations in transmitted light, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson′s stain. To assess the preservation of collagen fibers we checked the autofluorescence intensity of collagen.Results. According to the treadmill test, the distance run by the animals of both experimental groups did not significantly differ from the values in the control group. Histological analysis after 3 weeks in both experimental groups revealed signs of fibers′ decomposition in the absence of inflammatory infiltration and maintaining close contact with bone trabeculae. The autofluorescence intensity of the collagen fibers in grafts corresponded to normal or was close to normal. After 6 weeks, the animals of both experimental groups revealed areas of graft fusion with their own bone, Sharpe fibers were actively formed. In both groups, numerous small vessels with diameters up to 10 microns were detected in the area of tendon-bone contact. Infiltration of grafts by inflammatory cells was absent or very insignificant, active migration of fibroblasts to the tendon area was also not observed. In both groups, tendon grafts had areas where fiber decompactization was observed. In the area of contact with the bone, the autofluorescence of tendon fibers was sharply increased, which indicates the chemical cleavage of collagen. At 3 and 6 weeks after transplantation the effect of fixation (integration) of the tendon with bone tissue was observed in both experimental groups.Conclusions. Allogeneic tendon grafts did not cause a pronounced inflammatory or immune reaction in experimental animals. 6 weeks after transplantation of autologous and allogeneic tendons, the integration of grafts inside the femoral canal was observed. Cryopreserved allogeneic tendons were able to integrate into the body's own tissues without pronounced structural and functional disorders. According to the treadmill test, the distance covered by the animals of both experimental groups did not differ statistically significantly from the values in the control group (without tendon transplantation) after 3 and 6 weeks

In the Caucasus, the total area taken up by glaciers is known to have reduced by 23% over the last 20 years. This natural experiment allows for additive and replacement models of autogenic succession of biocoenoses within paraglacial landscapes to be tested. A certain risk of the extinction of cryophilic species also exists. However, montane paraglacial successions of invertebrate assemblages have hitherto been studied neither in the Caucasus nor in Russia as a whole. Structural changes of taxocoenoses were traced in a spatial and temporal sequence of ten properly dated paraglacial sites in the Tsey Gorge, North Ossetia − Alania (1–170-years old) among the testate amoebae, earthworms, molluscs, myriapods, mites, spiders, harvestmen, pseudoscorpions, collembolans, and beetles. As the glacier retreats, in place of bare paraglacial wastelands, grassland communities are formed that, after 10–14 years, are replaced by shrub vegetation and, on 30–35-year old surfaces, by forest communities. Most of the invertebrate groups, once “appearing” along a postglacial transect, were recorded from most older plots as well. Yet, their taxocoenoses underwent considerable transformations through increasing (or an increase turning into some decline in beetles) the species diversity and a strong, often complete change in the taxonomic composition and dominance structure. The most considerable transformations were observed at all major vegetation changes. The “appearance” of some groups in the transect was determined not only by dispersion capacities but mainly by the environmental conditions of particular habitats. When comparing the composition of the pioneer postglacial species complex of the study region with that in the mountains of Europe’s south and north, its high-degree regional specificity was noted, sometimes shown at the family level (in spiders). Spatial β-diversity of all larger taxa studied was mainly attributed to turnover (due to “the replacement model” of succession). The general level of change diminished towards the later succession stages. Endemic arthropod species were revealed both in pioneer grassland and developed forest communities.

Background. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare clonal disease of the hematopoietic system, with the key manifestations of hemolytic anemia, a high thrombosis rate, and bone marrow failure. Despite the high efficacy of C5‑inhibitors in intravascular hemolysis cessation, a significant proportion of patients remain anemic. Causes of a sub‑optimal response may include C3‑mediated extravascular (intracellular) hemolysis, residual intravascular hemolysis, or bone marrow failure.Aim. To analyze the results of pathogenetic therapy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria receiving complement C5 inhibitors for at least 6 months. Results. Suboptimal hematological response was observed in 31/55 (56 %) patients. The most common cause of anemia in the partial response group was C3‑mediated extravascular hemolysis in 8/10 (80 %), while bone marrow failure predominated (57 %) in the minor response group.Conclusion. The study showed a high frequency of suboptimal response to pathogenetic therapy and necessity of ac‑curate determination of leading cause of persistent anemia in order to modify therapy or switch to other drugs.

The economic, technological, social, and political development of Russia is affected by unfavorable external circumstances. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the external environment uncertainty, assess its impact on the economic systems of the Russian regions, and to propose a mechanism of adaptation to future recessionary phenomena. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, economic analysis; a systematic approach. The authors present the results of comparative analysis of Russian regions’ development indicators in 2019–2021 and 2022. It is determined that the speed and effectiveness of overcoming uncertainty factors depends on the adaptive abilities of Russian regions and the speed of decision-making. The key directions of state policy measures to maintain the stability of the economic systems of the regions are substantiated.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of digital development in Russia and its regions in the conditions of increasing uncertainty and to determine the directions of state policy that would ensure improvement in the economic system's stability. The authors use the analysis of theoretical literary sources, analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparative and economic analysis. Research identified three periods of uncertainty. Despite the positive dynamics of digitalization, in the period before the pandemic, the digital development of Russian regions was uneven. The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the intensification of digital development, as well as launched new socio-economic transformations. The study revealed the tendency to increase expenditures on regions’ digitalization during the period of geopolitical tension and determined state policy directions for overcoming the negative impact of geopolitical uncertainty on economic systems. Financial and economic uncertainty has not become an obstacle to the development of a digital society. On the contrary, the expansion of digital infrastructure and social progress created conditions for its intensification.

An advanced approach to the automated assessment of a microscopic slide containing spores is presented. The objective is to develop an intelligent system for the rapid and precise estimation of phytopathogenic spore concentration on microscopic slides, thereby enabling automated processing. The smart microscopy scanning system comprises an electronic microscope, a coordinate table, and software for the control of the coordinate table and image processing. The developed smart microscopy scanning system processes the entire microscope slide with multiple exposed strips, which are automatically determined based on the novel two-stage algorithm. The analysis of trained convolutional neural networks employed for the detection of spore phytopathogens demonstrates high precision and recall metrics. The system is capable of identifying and counting the number of spores of phytopathogenic fungi species Blumeria graminis, Puccinia striiformis, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis on each exposed strip. A methodology for estimating the spore distribution on a microscopic slide is proposed, which involves calculating the average spore concentration density.

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily enters the cell by binding the virus’s spike (S) glycoprotein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor on the cell surface, followed by proteolytic cleavage by host proteases. Studies have identified furin and transmembrane protease serine 2 proteases in priming and triggering cleavages of the S glycoprotein, converting it into a fusion-competent form and initiating membrane fusion, respectively. Alternatively, SARS-CoV-2 can enter the cell through the endocytic pathway, where activation is triggered by lysosomal cathepsin L. However, other proteases are also suspected to be involved in both entry routes. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis to explore the capacity of human proteases in hydrolyzing peptide bonds of the S glycoprotein. Predictive models of sequence specificity for 169 human proteases were constructed and applied to the S glycoprotein together with the method for predicting structural susceptibility to proteolysis of protein regions. After validating our approach on extensively studied S2′ and S1/S2 cleavage sites, we applied our method to each peptide bond of the S glycoprotein across all 169 proteases. Our results indicate that various members of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type, type II transmembrane family serine protease, and kallikrein families, as well as specific coagulation factors, are capable of cleaving S2′ or S1/S2 sites. We have also identified a potential cleavage site of cathepsin L at the K790 position within the S2′ loop. Structural analysis suggests that cleavage of this site induces conformational changes similar to the cleavage at the R815 (S2′) position, leading to the exposure of the fusion peptide and subsequent fusion with the membrane. Other potential cleavage sites and the influence of mutations in common SARS-CoV-2 variants on proteolytic efficiency are discussed.IMPORTANCEThe entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the cell, activated by host proteases, is considerably more complex in coronaviruses than in most other viruses and is not fully understood. There is evidence that other proteases beyond the known furin and transmembrane protease serine 2 can activate the spike protein. Another example of uncertainty is the cleavage site for the alternative endocytic route of SARS-CoV-2 entrance, which is still unknown. Bioinformatics methods, modeling protease specificity and estimating the structural susceptibility of protein regions to proteolysis, can aid in studying this topic by predicting the involved proteases and their cleavage sites, thereby substantially reducing the amount of experimental work. Elucidating the mechanisms of spike protein activation is crucial for preventing possible future coronavirus pandemics and developing antiviral drugs.

Maize (Zéa máys) is one of the main grain crops in the world, including Russia. One of its most dangerous pests is the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, 1858 (western corn rootworm (wcr)), which is an invasive species in many countries. Therefore, the most important task of researchers involved in the prediction of phytophages and the development of plant protection is to prevent its occurrence in Russia, which includes constant monitoring and quarantine measures. The current study was carried out to overview the literature, revealing the characteristics of biology, the prevalence of the corn rootworm in the world, and to determine effective methods of dealing with it, including methods of biological control. There has been established that over the past 30 years the pest has spread throughout almost all of Europe, and since 2011 it has been registered in Russia. To a large extent, the spread of the rootworm was facilitated by the growing globalization and trade between the countries in the absence of appropriate control measures, as well as high potential fertility and the ability for large flights in the imaginal stage. There has been established that significant damage from diabrotics is explained by the fact that almost all stages of development (imago and larvae of all ages) are harmful in phytophages, damaging almost all organs of the plant. There has been revealed that the most successful is the prediction of the number of D. v. virgifera using pheromone traps, and control measures include the use of various chemical plant protection products and crop rotations. There has been shown that the biomethod against D. v. virgifera is practically not used. The available data allowed us to conclude that it is possible to prevent the spread of the pest in the Russian Federation with strict observance of quarantine measures.

Idiopathic facial nerve neuropathy (FNN), or Bell's palsy, is characterized by a manifest neurological defect and a pronounced decrease in the quality of life of patients.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipidacrine in patients with FNN in an open-label observational study.Patients and methods. The study included 35 patients with FNN, who were divided into two groups. Treatment in the main group (n=20) included the basic regimen (glucocorticoids, B vitamins, pentoxifylline, glycine, a complex of non-pharmacological therapies), as well as the anticholinesterase drug ipidacrine (Ipigrix). Treatment of patients in the control group (n=15) was limited to the basic regimen. The followup was six months. The treatment effectiveness was assessed with the House-Brackmann scale, FaCE (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation), SAQ (The Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire), electroneuromyography (ENMG), and determining the number of patients with indications for botulinum therapy.Results and discussion. After six months of treatment, more significant restoration of facial nerve function was observed in the main group, according to the House-Brackmann scale (1.4±0.5), FaCE (90±9.8), and ENMG results, compared to the control group (HouseBrackmann – 1.9±0.7 points, FaCE – 78±11.8 points; p75 mm on the visual analog scale, poor recovery of facial nerve function in the first month of treatment (3 and 4 points on the House–Brackmann scale).Conclusion. The use of ipidacrine in the complex treatment of patients with FNN improves the efficiency of restoration of the function of the facial nerve after 6 months without increasing the risk of pathological synkinesis.

Background. The increased volume of the prostate in patients with confirmed prostate cancer (pc) is observed in 10 % of cases. The limitations of external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy associated with large prostate volume and obstructive symptoms define radical prostatectomy (Rp) as the only possible treatment for prostate cancer in these patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the importance of the surgical approach in radical prostatectomy in patients with abnormal anatomy of the prostate. Material and methods. The study group consisted of patients with a prostate volume of more than 80 cm3 (n=40) who underwent a robot prostatectomy. The comparison group was represented by patients also selected by the prostate volume ≥ 80 cm3, who underwent classical open prostatectomy (n=44). The groups were comparable in age and psa level. The average prostate volume in the study group was 112.2 ± 26 cm 3(80–195 cm 3). The average prostate volume in the comparison group was 109.8 ± 18.7 cm3 (80–158 cm 3) (р>0.05). Both groups had favorable morphological characteristics. Results. The average surgery time difference was 65 minutes in favor of the open prostatectomy (p

The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is a clinically important food-borne parasite of humans. Infection with O. felineus in mammals is associated with liver morbidities such as periductal fibrosis, bile duct neoplasia, and chronic inflammation. Previously we have shown that excretory-secretory products (ESP) can stimulate the healing of skin wounds in mice, which may be due to stimulated angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, there are no studies analyzing the angiogenic character of O. felineus, and its effects on angiogenesis, vascularity, and vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of ESP and extracellular vesicles (EVs) of O. felineus to stimulate angiogenesis and the formation of pseudo-capillaries in vitro. We also aimed at the assessment of the angiogenesis during the infection in vivo, and estimation of the endothelial cell type abundances from heterogeneous bulk liver transcriptome between uninfected and infected animals with single-cell information. The study revealed significant alterations in vascularity in the hamster liver and significant involvement of portal endothelial cells at the transcriptome level. We also demonstrated that the ESP and EVs of O. felineus have the capacity to stimulate the formation of pseudo-capillaries in vitro. Both ESP and EVs appeared to have similar effects on all four parameters, increasing node formation and total master segments length, and significantly decreasing total isolated branches length and number of isolated segments of pseudo-capillaries. The liver flukes manipulate the hostʼs angiogenic response, a fact that has been related to the pathogenesis caused by these parasites. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms may uncover new therapeutic targets to relieve or prevent the most severe complications of opisthorchiasis.

Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.

The article discusses a device for diagnosing the electrocorrosive state of hollow reinforced concrete supports of the contact network and power lines. The operation of the device is based on the use of a visual method for monitoring electro-corrosive defects. A design of a video endoscope is proposed that provides an improvement in image quality by eliminating fluctuations in the position of a flexible optical probe during its vertical movement, an increase in the level of automation of the diagnostic process with registration of the coordinates of defects and documentary evidence in the form of a replenished database of images of the diagnostic object — the inner surface of hollow reinforced concrete supports from the surface soil to their base.

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of albendazole as part of the supramolecular complex with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid obtained by solid-phase mechanical treatment.Materials and methods. The anthelmintic activity of the complex and its effect on the host organism was assessed on hamsters infected with Opisthorchis felineus by single and 7-fold administration at 45 days after infection. After 21 days, we counted the number of helminthes in the liver, and conducted a morphometric analysis of the liver and spleen, and detected biochemically the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the animals’ blood serum.Results and discussion. The number of O. felineus significantly decreased after 7-fold, but not a single, administration of albendazole (ABZ) and ABZ-Na2GA complex (1 : 10). The administrated substances had no effect on the weight gain of the animals and the daily consumption of the pellets. At the same time, ABZ only as part of the complex normalized the weight of the liver and spleen in hamsters infected with O. felineus and reduced the alanine aminotransferase activity. Consequently, a longer administration of ABZ as part of the complex with disodium glycyrrhizinate has not only a pronounced anthelmintic effect, but also improves some of the physiological parameters of hamsters to a greater extent than a pure substance.

Opisthorchiosis is a parasitic liver disease found in mammals that is widespread throughout the world and causes systemic inflammation. Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiosis, despite its many adverse effects. An anthelmintic effect is attributed to the main curcuminoid of Curcuma longa L. roots—curcumin (Cur)—along with many other therapeutic properties. To overcome the poor solubility of curcumin in water, a micellar complex of curcumin with the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Cur:Na2GA, molar ratio 1:1) was prepared via solid-phase mechanical processing. In vitro experiments revealed a noticeable immobilizing effect of curcumin and of Cur:Na2GA on mature and juvenile Opisthorchis felineus individuals. In vivo experiments showed that curcumin (50 mg/kg) had an anthelmintic effect after 30 days of administration to O. felineus-infected hamsters, but the effect was weaker than that of a single administration of praziquantel (400 mg/kg). Cur:Na2GA (50 mg/kg, 30 days), which contains less free curcumin, did not exert this action. The complex, just as free curcumin or better, activated the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (Cyp7A1, Fxr, and Rxra), which was suppressed by O. felineus infection and by praziquantel. Curcumin reduced the rate of inflammatory infiltration, whereas Cur:Na2GA reduced periductal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, a decrease in liver inflammation markers was found, which is determined by calculating the numbers of tumor-necrosis-factor-positive cells during the curcumin treatment and of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase-positive cells during the Cur:Na2GA treatment. A biochemical blood test revealed a normalizing effect of Cur:Na2GA (comparable to that of curcumin) on lipid metabolism. We believe that the further development and investigation of therapeutics based on curcuminoids in relation Opisthorchis felineus and other trematode infections will be useful for clinical practice and veterinary medicine.

Shared Research Facilities "Petrophysics, Geomechanics and Paleomagnetism", created based on actively developing divisions of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS, has advanced research equipment and unique methods, which determines the possibility of solving a wide range of applied and fundamental problems in Earth sciences. The main activities of the Shared Research Facilities "Petrophysics, Geomechanics and Paleomagnetism" are in the field of geomechanical modelling and petrophysics, paleomagnetism, rock magnetism and applied analytical studies of the composition and structure of minerals, rocks and materials. The research results carried out at the Center are used to solve actual problems of prospecting and exploration of oil and gas basins, mineral deposits, tectonics, global geodynamics and tectonophysics. The article presents the scientific equipment of the Center and its key characteristics, describes the methodological and analytical capabilities, and the most significant results of research groups.

Background. The incidence of endometrial polyps has reached 25–35% making them the most common intrauterine pathology. Polyps account for every fourth hysteroscopy due to their association with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility and malignancy risks. Absolute or relative hyperestrogenism are important factors in the development of endometrial polyp. Infectious and immune mechanisms have recently acquired special attention with the polyp pathogenesis.Objectives. Management optimisation of infertile patients with endometrial polyp through differentiated choice of postoperative therapy.Methods. We examined 90 patients of reproductive age (36.07 ± 6.14 years) with endometrial polyp and infertility conducting a comprehensive history analysis, assessment of reproductive function, extragenital and gynaecological pathology. Laboratory analyses comprised clinical and biochemical blood tests including vitamin and ferrum. Immunohistochemical endometrial estimators were CD16+, CD56+, HLA–DR(II)+.Results. Patients with endometrial polyp and infertility had frequent bacterial vaginosis (90.0%), pelvic inflammations and vaginitises (78.89% each); endometrial polyp relapse was 10.4-fold more frequent in patients with infertility I compared to infertility II. Killer cell (CD16+ and CD56+) and HLA-DR(II)+ counts grow in chronic endometrial inflammation. Chronic autoimmune endometritis exacerbated in 53.33%, chronic exacerbated endometritis or acute endometritis were observed in 46.67%. Therapy differentiated by immunohistochemistry allowed successful pregnancy in natural cycles in 60.9% of patients with infertility I and in 85.7% — with infertility II.Conclusion. The success rate of natural cycle pregnancy in patients of reproductive age with endometrial polyp after polypectomy is directly related to type of endometrial inflammation: chronic autoimmune, chronic exacerbated or acute endometritis. Immunohistochemical estimators can be used for differentiating therapy, which allowed a 70.3% pregnancy success rate.

There have been carried out the route surveys to assess the development and distribution of the main pathogens of wheat and barley in 57 districts ofKrasnodar,StavropolTerritoriesand Rostov Region. The collection, organization and analysis of information on the damage degree of the production and breeding sowings of these grain crops by the main pathogens was conducted using a single spatial information environment designed by the Russian company “NextGIS”. During the field surveys, there have been included the data on the resistance to causative agents of yellow leaf spot of wheat, wheat Septoria leaf spot, powdery mildew on wheat and barley, rust diseases on wheat and barley, net spot of barley, and brown spot of barley into the program. In addition, while filling in the survey card, there were taken into account the date and time of the assessment, the phase of development of the grain crop, the variety; there was carried out a photographic fixation of the examined plants. In the field, there was used the freely distributed NextGIS Mobile software, installed on mobile digital devices (smartphones) running by the Android operating system. According to the results of field surveys using the NextGIS QGIS full-featured desktop geographic information system there were prepared thematic cartographic materials of the main wheat and barley pathogens in the southern region ofRussia. The collected long-term data of phytosanitary surveys will allow conducting a temporary analysis of the spatial distribution of pathogens in the studied area. This information can be useful for specialists dealing with plant protection, for employees of breeding institutions who develop varieties resistant to economically significant diseases of grain crops. The data can be used also by a wide range of specialists engaged in plant breeding who conduct field surveys and account any parameters of plant conditions, harmful facilities and the environment, as well as by the consumers of such information.

The aim of the study is to estimate potentiality of the cytological diagnostics of different types of mucin producing carcinomas of the breast.Materials and methods. Cytological evidences of the investigation of 35 patients with mucinous mass in cytological specimens were studied. Different types of mucinous carcinomas which had been diagnosed by cytological method were identified retrospectively.Results. “Pure” mucous carcinomas were divided into two types: hypocellular (A) and hypercellular (B) (n = 9 (25.7 %) and 14 (40 %), respectively). Mixed carcinomas (mucous carcinoma with invasive no special type carcinoma) were noticed of 12 women (34.3 %). 24 cell characteristics of mucin producing carcinomas were identified. Some cytological characteristics were estimated due to multiple factor analysis and discriminant analysis.Conclusions. Investigation results indicated that cytological technique is a high-quality diagnostic method. The fraction of correct classification of mucous carcinoma types based on discriminant analysis was 92–99 %.The study protocol was approved by the biomedical ethics committee of The Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.

The article contains the analysis of computer technologies application for electronic devices designing. There are basic stages of device design on the example of an adjustable square wave-form generator. It contains the description of its operation principles, circuit diagram, features of PCB and shell creation. Acquaintance with design of basic stages on the example of a simple device can help starting design devices for students and young scientist researches.

Aim. To describe the results of applying citrate dialysis in the complex therapy of a patient with postpartum sepsis.Materials and methods. This paper presents an analysis of a case of the successful treatment of patient P. with the diagnosis “Childbirth 3 urgent. Pfannenstiel laparotomy. Caesarean section in the lower uterine segment. Hypotonic bleeding. Relaparotomy: ligation of the internal iliac arteries, hemostasis. Relaparotomy: additional hemostasis, pelvic tamponade, abdominal cavity tamponade. Hemorrhagic shock of fourth category. Extirpation of the uterus with tubes. Sepsis. Septic shock. DIC syndrome”. Citrate dialysis was included as part of intensive care therapy.Results. Citrate dialysis allowed the patient with multiple organ failure, against the background of complex intensive care therapy, to restore kidney function after 28 sessions of renal replacement therapy. Diuresis was completely restored on day 42. Biochemical parameters, such as urea and creatinine, were normalized on day 45. The duration of treatment in the anesthesiology and resuscitation departments was 47 days, out of which lung mechanical ventilation lasted for 17 days. The total duration of treatment in the hospital was 54 bed days. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition.Conclusion. The methods of extracorporeal detoxifi cation can signifi cantly improve treatment outcomes in this category of patients and reduce maternal mortality rates.

Teeth whitening is one of the most sought-after procedures in aesthetic dentistry. Discolorites that are difficult to whiten, caused by dentin changes or enamel defects, can be eliminated by oxidizing the chromogens with chemical agents that penetrate to the enamel and dentin. In recent years, the method of photodynamic bleaching (PDB) is considered to be minimally invasive. It does not use hydrogen peroxide that leads to increased sensitivity of teeth, and is relatively effective over time. A convenient solution for PDB would be to use chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer, which has a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation, low phototoxicity, rapid elimination, on the one hand, and photobleaching capability, on the other. This paper presents quantitative data on the study of the effectiveness of PDB with chlorine e6: color change for 100 teeth after the procedure, chlorine e6 penetration into the tooth tissues, evaluation of the interstitial efficiency of the generation of singlet oxygen and photobleaching of chlorine e6 during laser exposure. It has been statistically established that for one PDB procedure, the tooth color saturation (C) varies on average by 0.5 tones on the VITA scale, and the lightness of color (L) in some cases increases by more than 10 units.

At the present stage of development of digital information technologies intensive digitalization (computerization) of both direct and indirect measurement methods is taking place. The direct consequence of the computerization of measurements was, firstly, the emergence of a new class of measuring instruments – Processor measuring instruments (PRIS), secondly, increasing the level of formalization of measuring procedures, thirdly, the creation of a new, revolutionary technology –Virtual Instrument (VI). The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of digital technologies for measuring spectra, identifying the problems that arise in this case and formulating priority scientific and applied problems for their resolution.Theoretical and applied research has established that digital spectrum measurement technologies, in addition to significant advantages, have certain disadvantages. It has been shown that the disadvantages of digital technologies for measuring spectra arise both from the nature of digital methods and from the analytical and stochastic properties of the bases of the applied transformations in measuring the spectra. An analysis of digital methods for measuring spectra showed that methods based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) retain their leading role and are effective in almost all subject areas. However, there are also problems of digitalization of measurements of the spectra of signals based on the DFT, which are associated, first of all, with the manifestation of a number of negative effects that are absent with analog methods for measuring spectra based on the Fourier transform. This is the periodization effect of the measuring signal and its spectrum, the stockade effect, as well as the aliasing effect. As the analysis showed, existing methods of dealing with the negative effects of digitalization of spectrum measurements solve the problems of introducing digital technologies only partially. To combat the negative effects of digitalization of spectral measurements, a generalization of the DFT in the form of a parametric DFT (DFT-P) (Parametric Discrete Fourier Transform – DFT-P) is proposed.The main scientific and applied problems of computerization of signal spectrum measurements are formulated: the development of the theory of digital methods for measuring signal spectra, the creation of new and improvement of existing digital methods for measuring signal spectra, the development of algorithmic, software and metrological software for PRIS and VI for the implementation of DFT-P.

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the standard for the treatment of Gaucher disease (GD). A lifelong intravenous administration of a recombinant analogue of human glucocerebrosidase compensates for the functional deficiency of its own enzyme. The use of ERT has changed the clinical phenotype of GD, a severe progressive disease has been turned into the status of an asymptomatic metabolic defect. At the same time, a reduced dosing ERT regimen applied in Gaucher patients who had achieved therapeutic goals has not yet been developed.

The relevance of the research is cased by the need to develop an energy-efficient way to maintain the fluidity of hydrocarbon fuels at low temperatures, at temperatures significantly lower the freezing point of the product. Under conditions of low temperatures of high latitudes of Siberia and Arctic, there are problems with the launch of power plants operating on hydrocarbon fuels and oils. Thermal and chemical methods used to preserve the fluidity of fuel, oil and coolant fluid do not provide a complete guarantee in operational preparation for operation of autonomous objects. Vibration technologies can significantly change the rheological properties of hydrocarbon fuels by creating high shear rates and hysteresis heating of petroleum products. The process of vibratory creation of high shear velocities in a continuous medium has energy costs ten times less than the thermal method for maintaining fuel flow. The low thermal conductivity of hydrocarbon fuel contributes to formation of solidified fuel near the inner walls of the tanks, which are the thermal insulation. Introducing a mechanical vibration power inside the tank, the fuel inside this system will be sufficiently liquid and ready for use on demand. The main aim of the research is to create a method for calculating heat-insulating effect of a frozen petroleum product, to determine the amount of energy required to maintain the fuel in a liquid state at different ambient temperatures. Methods: mathematical calculation of the temperature difference in the system «tank wall – layer of solidified fuel» and experimental studies of changes of rheological properties of petroleum products under the influence of a submerged vibrating confuser system. Results. The authors have proposed the engineering method for calculating frozen fuel thickness on the inner walls of the tank at negative ambient temperatures and the amount of mechanical energy required to maintain fuel fluidity.

The Kurai Basin of Gorny Altai is located in the area of high seismic activity, which is involved in the focal zone of the 2003 M7.3 Chuya earthquake. Its aftershock process has not ceased yet, and shows the likelihood of major seismic events. The seismic monitoring records of the last 15 years after the devastating earthquake show the state of stress in the basin. A comprehensive field database has been consolidated from the studies of direct and alternating currents by electromagnetic methods, including transient electromagnetic sounding, vertical electrical sounding, and electric field tomography. Using a combination of the research techniques and the method of interpretation based on data inversion, it becomes possible to select optimal models, ensure higher reliability, and improve the contents of the study. The available seismological data are used to identify the zones of concentration of seismic events in the southern mountain frame of the Kurai Basin. Our study aims to determine and clarify the geoelectric structure of the southern troughs. The first section of the Southwestern trough is constructed, and the latitudinal fault boundaries of the Eshtykel graben are confirmed. A comparison of electromagnetic and seismic data for 2015 shows that the earthquake epicenters were mainly confined to the submeridional fault zones. In our study of the Southwestern trough, it is established that most of the earthquakes concentrated in active fault structures separating the blocks of varying depths, which are identified from the geoelectric data. The southern piedmont troughs of the Kurai Basin are cut by numerous faults of latitudinal and submeridional strikes.

Modem development of invasive arrhythmology is favorable for removal of problematic endocardial electrode removal in a great majority of cases. However such factors as increased average life expectancy of population, annual increase in absolute number of implantations, emergence of more difficult heart-implanted electronic devices, and together with it and average quantity of the implanted electrodes, maintain the most specified interest to the mentioned subject. The statistics, indications, the main surgical techniques, complications of the procedure of endocardial electrode removal are covered in the review

Background. Clinical search for modern, more hemodynamically efficient areas for placing endocardial electrodes with constant cardiostimulation. Our aim is to study electrophysiological parameters and clinical results of His bundle direct stimulation, analyze traits of compromised electrode removal from the given heat area.Materials and Methods. We examined 36 patients divided into two groups (18 patients in each group) according to the signs of transatrial (first) or transventricle (second) stimulation of His bundle. Up to 12 months from the implantation moment we analyzed electrocardiostimulation parameters, data of body-surface ECG, ultrasound dynamics of heart cavity sizes, life quality according to MOS SF-36 scale.Results. In the first group time for electrical systole of ventricle myocardium (width QRS) was authentically less – 111 ± 13 ms comparing to the second – 134 ± 19 which corresponded to physiological pattern for myocardial ventricle activation, excluded dyssinchrony, left ventricle diastolic dysfunction, development of arrhythmogenic chronic cardiac insufficiency. Life quality in the first group was authentically higher – 71 ± 8,5 vs 63 ± 9,9 points in patients from the second group. Four electrodes (2 electrodes in each group) were removed due to exit-block development.Conclusion. Implantation of transatrial electrode in the bundle of His area ensures stable fixation, lower risk of dislocation in the early postoperative period and eases its removal if coinciding indications occur. Clinical application of this medical approach is an impact for creating a peculiar endocardial electrode in native industry, supplying device and stimulator type DDD(R), with a spare ventricle canal which is rather timely regarding conditions for import substitution plan.

This article presents the results of studies on high prevalence of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) in patients with secondary hemochromatosis (SH). We also included case reports of patients with SH and LVNC and compared imaging data using modified modern criteria for LVNC and molecular genetic testing (MGT). In patients with cardiac hemochromatosis, left ventricular noncompaction is noted, the nature of which is most likely secondary. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a prospective observational study, including family screening and MGT, is required.

Differential diagnosis of bone involvement in patients with Gaucher disease can be challenging. Other diseases with similar radiological signs should be ruled out. Here we present a clinical case of tuberculous sacroiliitis in the patient with type I Gaucher disease. Advanced radiological methods of examination are described. Our case report proves the necessity of an individual approach to the management of such cohort of patients.

Aim. Improvement of the quality of medical services provided due to a precise organization of the health care quality management system, based on the implementation of the requirements of existing regulatory documents determining expert work and its subsequent automation.Materials and methods. The quality management system in the institution is based on an active multifunctional organizational structure able to respond quickly to the detection of defects in providing medical care through the use of computerization of all areas of its activities. The automated control system of the diagnostic and treatment process proposed by us allows moving from the formal compliance with requirements established by the current regulatory documents to full management of the quality of medical care in the institution through comprehensive automation of the structure of internal quality control of medical care that ensures monitoring of all directions of the institution with the formation of automated accounting and reporting forms.Results. The introduction into the practical work of an automated quality management system for providing medical care made it possible to reduce by 5 times the time for obtaining of operative medical information, to reduce defects caused by poor registration of medical documentation by 46%, to reduce the unjustified delay of patients in the hospital by 10%, to reduce the number of cases of repeated hospitalization , due to inadequate inpatient medical care by 11%, to minimize delays at medical sub-commission for the extension of sick leave almost to zero cases.Conclusion. The automated control system of the diagnostic and treatment process proposed by us, in contrast to the existing ones at the present time, allows us to move from formal compliance with requirements established by the current normative documents to full-fledged management of the quality of medical care in the institution through comprehensive automation of the internal quality control structure of medical care providing monitoring of all activities of the institution and achievement of the recommended regulatory documents criteria of quality of medical care.

Aim. To determine factors on the background of which there is the formation of polyps in patients of reproductive age. Materials and methods. We examined 75 patients of reproductive age with endometrial polyps, analyzed the anamnesis, ultrasound and histology data.Results. The average age was 31,77±3,56, average BMI 27,4±3,2 kg/m2; there were more than half patients with extragenital pathologies (gastrointestinal tract diseases in 57,33%; endocrine diseases in 52,0%; cardiovascular system – 44,0%); heavy menstruations were in 78,66% patients, infertility – 100%.Conclusion. The determination of risk factors of developing endometrial polyps in reproductive age contributes to the choice of tactics of management of these patients.

Aim. To study risk factors of infertility in combination of polycystic ovary syndrome and external genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. There were 4 clinical groups: 1 group – 31 patients with combination POCS and EGE (26,5%); 2 group – 33 patients with POCS (28,2%), 3 group – 32 patients with EGE (27,35%), and 4 group – 21 healthy patients (17,95%), who were hospitalized for operative sterilization (control group). The patients’ anamnesis, gynecological, and reproductive amanuensis and clinical parameters were estimated in all patients.Results. Combined gynecological pathology: young age, high frequency of childhood infections during prepubertal and pubertal period. In combined gynecological pathology there were irregular menstruation 1,6 times more often, in 61,29% – painful, and in 58,06% – heavy menstruation. Androgenic dermatopathy among the patients of 1 group was present in 87,1% as an acne, and as an oily seborrhea in 41,94%, R=0,46.Conclusion. Patients with combined pathology have the most unfavorable reproductive anamnesis.

Vascular myelopathy is a rare severe disease caused by a broad spectrum of causes, among which pathology of the aorta and its branches, aortic surgery, spinal diseases, and spinal trauma occupy the main place. The processes of neuroinflammation and glutamate neurotoxicity play a leading role in the pathogenesis of myeloischemia. The clinical picture of the disease is nonspecific and depends on the location and volume of an ischemic focus. Magnetic resonance imaging is a gold standard for diagnosis. However, this method remains insensitive in the acute period and fails to detect spinal cord ischemia at preclinical stages. The investigation and introduction of specific biochemical markers (glutamate receptors and their antibodies) for neurotoxicity, which can identify ischemia in the advanced stage and predetermine its development, are promising. The treatment of vascular myelopathy has not currently been standardized and it is mainly pathogenetic and symptomatic.