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1. Searches for Neutrinos in the Direction of Radio-bright Blazars with the ANTARES Telescope

Author: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, Y. Becherini, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, L. Caramete, F. Carenini, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, L. Cerisy, M. Chabab, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. S. M. Cruz, A. F. Díaz, B. De Martino, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, S. El Hedri, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, S. Gagliardini, J. García, C. Gatius Oliver, P. Gay, N. Geißelbrecht, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, L. Haegel, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, A. Kouchner, Y. A Kovalev, Y. Y Kovalev, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, A. Lazo, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, S. Le Stum, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, S. Navas, E. Nezri, B. Ó Fearraigh, E. Oukacha, A. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, S. Peña-Martínez, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, A. Plavin, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, A. Pushkarev, N. Randazzo, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Saina, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, J. Seneca, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S. J. Tingay, S. Troitsky, B. Vallage, G. Vannoye, V. Van Elewyck, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, ANTARES Collaboration, T. Hovatta, S. Kiehlmann, I. Liodakis, V. Pavlidou, A. C. S Readhead, and OVRO Collaboration
Subjects: Neutrino astronomy, Blazars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising extragalactic candidates for high-energy neutrino sources. To date, ANTARES searches included these objects and used GeV–TeV γ -ray flux to select blazars. Here, a statistically complete blazar sample selected by their bright radio emission is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 yr of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino–blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting posttrial p -value is 3.0% (2.2 σ in the two-sided convention). Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a means of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pretrial significance above 3 σ indicates a p = 1.4% (2.5 σ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An a posteriori investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and γ -ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a p = 0.5% (2.9 σ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars.
Published: 2024
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2. Compact Symmetric Objects. III. Evolution of the High-luminosity Branch and a Possible Connection with Tidal Disruption Events

Author: A. C. S Readhead, V. Ravi, R. D. Blandford, A. G. Sullivan, J. Somalwar, M. C. Begelman, M. Birkinshaw, I. Liodakis, M. L. Lister, T. J. Pearson, G. B. Taylor, P. N. Wilkinson, N. Globus, S. Kiehlmann, C. R. Lawrence, D. Murphy, S. O’Neill, V. Pavlidou, E. Sheldahl, A. Siemiginowska, and K. Tassis
Subjects: Active galactic nuclei, Active galaxies, Relativistic jets, Tidal disruption, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We use a sample of 54 compact symmetric objects (CSOs) to confirm that there are two unrelated CSO classes: an edge-dimmed, low-luminosity class (CSO 1), and an edge-brightened, high-luminosity class (CSO 2). Using blind tests, we show that CSO 2s consist of three subclasses: CSO 2.0, having prominent hot spots at the leading edges of narrow jets and/or narrow lobes; CSO 2.2, without prominent hot spots and with broad jets and/or lobes; and CSO 2.1, which exhibit mixed properties. Most CSO 2s do not evolve into larger jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN), but spend their whole life cycle as CSOs of size ≲500 pc and age ≲5000 yr. The minimum energies needed to produce the radio luminosity and structure in CSO 2s range from ∼10 ^−4 M _⊙ c ^2 to ∼7 M _⊙ c ^2 . We show that the transient nature of most CSO 2s, and their birth rate, can be explained through ignition in the tidal disruption events of stars. We also consider possibilities of tapping the spin energy of the supermassive black hole, and tapping the energy of the accretion disk. Our results demonstrate that CSOs constitute a large family of AGN in which we have thus far studied only the brightest. More comprehensive CSO studies, with higher sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range, will revolutionize our understanding of AGN and the central engines that power them.
Published: 2024
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3. Compact Symmetric Objects. II. Confirmation of a Distinct Population of High-luminosity Jetted Active Galaxies

Author: S. Kiehlmann, A. C. S. Readhead, S. O’Neill, P. N. Wilkinson, M. L. Lister, I. Liodakis, S. Bruzewski, V. Pavlidou, T. J. Pearson, E. Sheldahl, A. Siemiginowska, K. Tassis, and G. B. Taylor
Subjects: Active galactic nuclei, Active galaxies, Relativistic jets, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are compact (99%) of CSO 2s do not evolve into larger-scale radio sources. These CSO 2s belong to a distinct population of jetted AGN, which should be characterized as “short-lived,” as opposed to “young,” compared to the classes of larger jetted AGN. We show that there is a sharp upper cutoff in the CSO 2 size distribution at ≈500 pc. The distinct differences between most CSO 2s and other jetted AGN provides a crucial new time domain window on the formation and evolution of relativistic jets in AGN and the supermassive black holes that drive them.
Published: 2024
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4. RoboPol: a four-channel optical imaging polarimeter

Author: A N Ramaprakash, C V Rajarshi, H K Das, P Khodade, D Modi, G Panopoulou, S Maharana, D Blinov, E Angelakis, C Casadio, L Fuhrmann, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, O G King, N Kylafis, A Kougentakis, A Kus, A Mahabal, A Marecki, I Myserlis, G Paterakis, E Paleologou, I Liodakis, I Papadakis, I Papamastorakis, V Pavlidou, E Pazderski, T J Pearson, A C S Readhead, P Reig, A Słowikowska, K Tassis, and J A Zensus
Published: 2019
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5. New Tests of Milli-lensing in the Blazar PKS 1413 + 135

Author: A. L. Peirson, I. Liodakis, A. C. S Readhead, M. L. Lister, E. S. Perlman, M. F. Aller, R. D. Blandford, K. J. B. Grainge, D. A. Green, M. A. Gurwell, M. W. Hodges, T. Hovatta, S. Kiehlmann, A. Lähteenmäki, W. Max-Moerbeck, T. Mcaloone, S. O’Neill, V. Pavlidou, T. J. Pearson, V. Ravi, R. A. Reeves, P. F. Scott, G. B. Taylor, D. J. Titterington, M. Tornikoski, H. K. Vedantham, P. N. Wilkinson, D. T. Williams, and J. A. Zensus
Published: 2022
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6. Analytic characterization of sub-Alfvénic turbulence energetics

Author: R. Skalidis, K. Tassis, and V. Pavlidou
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is a cross-field process relevant to many systems. A prerequisite for understanding these systems is to constrain the role of MHD turbulence, and in particular, the energy exchange between kinetic and magnetic forms. The energetics of strongly magnetized and compressible turbulence has so far resisted attempts to understand them. Numerical simulations reveal that kinetic energy can be orders of magnitude higher than fluctuating magnetic energy. We solved this lack-of-balance puzzle by calculating the energetics of compressible and sub-Alfvénic turbulence based on the dynamics of coherent cylindrical fluid parcels. Using the MHD Lagrangian, we proved analytically that the bulk of the magnetic energy transferred to kinetic energy is the energy that is stored in the coupling between the ordered and fluctuating magnetic field. The analytical relations are in strikingly good agreement with numerical data, up to second-order terms.
Published: 2023

7. Implicit Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Its Relationship With Reading in Childhood

Author: Elpis V. Pavlidou and Louisa Bogaerts
Subjects: implicit statistical learning, artificial grammar learning, modality specificity, reading, reading fluency, children, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Implicit statistical learning (ISL) describes our ability to tacitly pick up regularities from our environment therefore, shaping our behavior. A broad understanding of ISL incorporates a great range of possible computations, which render it highly relevant to reading. In the light of this hypothesized relationship, ISL performance was explored in young (M = 8.47 years) typical readers (N = 31) across three different modalities (i.e., visual, auditory, and tactile) using the Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL) paradigm. Adopting repeated measures and correlational designs, the obtained data revealed modality constraints: (1) above-chance performance was observed on the visual and tactile tasks but not on the auditory task, (2) there was no significant correlation of ISL performance across modalities, and (3) split-half reliability of visual and auditory tasks was reasonably high, yet for the tactile task it was close to zero. Evaluating the relation between ISL ability and language skills, we observed a positive correlation between visual ISL performance and phonological awareness. We discuss these findings in view of current perspectives on the nature of ISL and its potential involvement in mastering successful (i.e., accurate and fluent) reading.
Published: 2019
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8. GRB 210619B optical afterglow polarization

Author: N. Mandarakas, D. Blinov, D. R. Aguilera-Dena, S. Romanopoulos, V. Pavlidou, K. Tassis, J. Antoniadis, S. Kiehlmann, A. Lychoudis, and L. F. Tsemperof Kataivatis
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on the follow-up of the extremely bright long gamma-ray burst GRB~210619B with optical polarimetry. We conducted optopolarimetric observations of the optical afterglow of GRB~210619B in the SDSS-r band in the time window ~ 5967 - 8245 seconds after the burst, using the RoboPol instrument at the Skinakas observatory. We report a $5\,\sigma$ detection of polarization $P=1.5\pm0.3$ at polarization angle $EVPA=8\pm6^\circ$. We find that during our observations the polarization is likely constant. These values are corrected for polarization induced by the interstellar medium of the Milky Way and host-induced polarization is likely negligible. Thus the polarization we quote is intrinsic to the GRB afterglow., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022

9. Starlight-polarization-based tomography of the magnetized ISM: PASIPHAE’s line-of-sight inversion method

Author: V. Pelgrims, G. V. Panopoulou, K. Tassis, V. Pavlidou, A. Basyrov, D. Blinov, E. Gjerl∅w, S. Kiehlmann, N. Mandarakas, A. Papadaki, R. Skalidis, A. Tsouros, R. M. Anche, H. K. Eriksen, T. Ghosh, J. A. Kypriotakis, S. Maharana, E. Ntormousi, T. J. Pearson, S. B. Potter, A. N. Ramaprakash, A. C. S. Readhead, and I. K. Wehus
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first Bayesian method for tomographic decomposition of the plane-of-sky orientation of the magnetic field with the use of stellar polarimetry and distance. This standalone tomographic inversion method presents an important step forward in reconstructing the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) in three dimensions within dusty regions. We develop a model in which the polarization signal from the magnetized and dusty ISM is described by thin layers at various distances, a working assumption which should be satisfied in small-angular circular apertures. Our modeling makes it possible to infer the mean polarization (amplitude and orientation) induced by individual dusty clouds and to account for the turbulence-induced scatter in a generic way. We present a likelihood function that explicitly accounts for uncertainties in polarization and parallax. We develop a framework for reconstructing the magnetized ISM through the maximization of the log-likelihood using a nested sampling method. We test our Bayesian inversion method on mock data, representative of the high Galactic latitude sky, taking into account realistic uncertainties from Gaia and as expected for the optical polarization survey PASIPHAE according to the currently planned observing strategy. We demonstrate that our method is effective at recovering the cloud properties as soon as the polarization induced by a cloud to its background stars is higher than ~0.1% for the adopted survey exposure time and level of systematic uncertainty. The larger the induced polarization is, the better the method’s performance, and the lower the number of required stars. Our method makes it possible to recover not only the mean polarization properties but also to characterize the intrinsic scatter, thus creating new ways to characterize ISM turbulence and the magnetic field strength. Finally, we apply our method to an existing data set of starlight polarization with known line-of-sight decomposition, demonstrating agreement with previous results and an improved quantification of uncertainties in cloud properties.
Published: 2023

10. The Unanticipated Phenomenology of the Blazar PKS 2131-021: A Unique Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate

Author: S. O’Neill, S. Kiehlmann, A. C. S. Readhead, M. F. Aller, R. D. Blandford, I. Liodakis, M. L. Lister, P. Mróz, C. P. O’Dea, T. J. Pearson, V. Ravi, M. Vallisneri, K. A. Cleary, M. J. Graham, K. J. B. Grainge, M. W. Hodges, T. Hovatta, A. Lähteenmäki, J. W. Lamb, T. J. W. Lazio, W. Max-Moerbeck, V. Pavlidou, T. A. Prince, R. A. Reeves, M. Tornikoski, P. Vergara de la Parra, J. A. Zensus, California Institute of Technology, University of Crete, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Stanford University, University of Turku, Purdue University, University of Warsaw, University of Manitoba, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Manchester, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Most large galaxies host supermassive black holes in their nuclei and are subject to mergers, which can produce a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB), and hence periodic signatures due to orbital motion. We report unique periodic radio flux density variations in the blazar PKS~2131$-$021, which strongly suggest an SMBHB with an orbital separation of $\sim 0.001-0.01$ pc. Our 45.1-year radio light curve shows two epochs of strong sinusoidal variation with the same period and phase to within $, Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure, 3 Tables, accepted for publication in APJL
Published: 2022

11. Improvements in reading and spelling skills after a phonological and morphological knowledge intervention in Greek children with spelling difficulties: a pilot study

Author: Jurgen Tijms, Hester A. I. Hoette, Elpida V. Pavlidou, Psychology Other Research (FMG), and FMG
Subjects: Medical education, Phonemic awareness, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Online computer, 050301 education, Short-term memory, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Spelling, Education, Phonological awareness, Reading (process), Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 0503 education, 050104 developmental & child psychology, media_common
Abstract: In this pilot study, we evaluated the effects of the online computer-based training programme ‘Lexilogy-Greek’ on the reading and spelling performance of young poor readers and spellers. The training is based on psycholinguistic principles that emphasise the importance of acquiring efficient phonological as well as morphological knowledge in remediating reading and spelling difficulties. Our sample consisted of fifteen 5th and 6th grade primary school children. Reading and spelling were tested at three points, with a no-intervention period and subsequently an intervention period in between these time points. We adopted a single group repeated measurement design, and tested for intervention effects using repeated measures ANOVAs. The results revealed substantial treatment effects on spelling, word reading fluency and text reading fluency.
Published: 2020

12. Anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background measured by the Fermi LAT

Author: M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, C. D. Dermer, S. W. Digel, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Dubois, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, P. Fortin, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, G. A. Gomez-Vargas, T. Grégoire, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, K. Hayashi, X. Hou, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, T. Kamae, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, T. Linden, A. M. Lionetto, M. Llena Garde, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Naumann-Godo, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pavlidou, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, G. Pivato, S. Rainò, R. Rando, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Roth, C. Sbarra, J. Schmitt, C. Sgrò, J. Siegal-Gaskins, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, A. W. Strong, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, M. Tinivella, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, T. L. Usher, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, Z. Yang, S. Zimmer, and E. Komatsu
Published: 2012
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13. The dependence of optical polarisation of blazars on the synchrotron peak frequency

Author: Ioannis Myserlis, Emmanouil Angelakis, Sebastian Kiehlmann, V. Pavlidou, Talvikki Hovatta, J. Anton Zensus, Markus Böttcher, and Dmitry A. Blinov
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Plane (geometry), law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics, Blazar, Stability (probability), Synchrotron, law.invention
Abstract: The RoboPol instrument and the relevant program was developed in order to conduct a systematic study of the optical polarisation variability of blazars. Driven by the discovery that long smooth rotations of the optical polarisation plane can be associated with the activity in other bands and especially in gamma rays, the program was meant to investigate the physical mechanisms causing them and quantify the optical polarisation behaviour in blazars. Over the first three nominal ob- serving seasons (2013, 2014 and 2015) RoboPol detected 40 rotations in 24 blazars by observing a gamma–ray-loud and gamma–ray-quite unbiassed sample of blazars, providing a reliable set of events for exploring the phenomenon. The obtain datasets provided the ground for a systematic quantification of the variability of the optical polarisation in such systems. In the following after a brief review of the discoveries that relate to the gamma-ray loudness of the sources we move on to discuss a simple jet model that explains the observed dichotomy in terms of polarisation between gamma–ray-loud and quite sources and the dependence of polarisation and the stability of the polarisation angle on the synchrotron peak frequency.
Published: 2017

14. The F-GAMMA program: Multi-frequency study of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi era. Program description and the first 2.5 years of monitoring

Author: I. Nestoras, T. J. Pearson, L. Fuhrmann, Ioannis Myserlis, V. Pavlidou, H. Ungerechts, A. C. S. Readhead, Vassilis Karamanavis, N. Marchili, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Sang-Sung Lee, Bong Won Sohn, S. Larsson, J. L. Richards, A. Sievers, Emmanouil Angelakis, J. A. Zensus, and Thomas P. Krichbaum
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Brightness, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radio spectrum, Spectral line, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Radio frequency, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: To fully exploit the scientific potential of the Fermi mission, we initiated the F-GAMMA program. Between 2007 and 2015 it was the prime provider of complementary multi-frequency monitoring in the radio regime. We quantify the radio variability of gamma-ray blazars. We investigate its dependence on source class and examine whether the radio variability is related to the gamma-ray loudness. Finally, we assess the validity of a putative correlation between the two bands. The F-GAMMA monitored monthly a sample of about 60 sources at up to twelve radio frequencies between 2.64 and 228.39 GHz. We perform a time series analysis on the first 2.5-year dataset to obtain variability parameters. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to assess the significance of a correlation between radio and gamma-ray fluxes. We present light curves and spectra (coherent within ten days) obtained with the Effelsberg 100-m and IRAM 30-m telescopes. All sources are variable across all frequency bands with amplitudes increasing with frequency up to rest frame frequencies of around 60 - 80 GHz as expected by shock-in-jet models. Compared to FSRQs, BL Lacs show systematically lower variability amplitudes, brightness temperatures and Doppler factors at lower frequencies, while the difference vanishes towards higher ones. The time scales appear similar for the two classes. The distribution of spectral indices appears flatter or more inverted at higher frequencies for BL Lacs. Evolving synchrotron self-absorbed components can naturally account for the observed spectral variability. We find that the Fermi-detected sources show larger variability amplitudes as well as brightness temperatures and Doppler factors, than non-detected ones. Flux densities at 86.2 and 142.3 GHz correlate with 1 GeV fluxes at a significance level better than 3sigma, implying that gamma rays are produced very close to the mm-band emission region., Accepted for publication in section 4. Extragalactic astronomy of Astronomy and Astrophysics (18 pages, 9 figures)
Published: 2016

15. Do children with developmental dyslexia have impairments in implicit learning?

Author: Joanne Williams, Elpis V. Pavlidou, and M. Louise Kelly
Subjects: Male, Artificial grammar learning, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Comorbidity, Memorization, Education, Developmental psychology, Dyslexia, Prevalence, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Child, Speech Reception Threshold Test, Learning Disabilities, Repeated measures design, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Child development, Implicit learning, Free recall, Female, Grammaticality, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: We explored implicit learning in a group of typically developing and developmental dyslexic primary school children (9–12 y) using a modified artificial grammar learning task. Performance was calculated using two measures of performance: a perfect free recall (PFR) score and a grammaticality judgment score. Both groups of children required the same amount of exposure to memorize the items (i.e. PFR performance) (t(30)=1.620, p>0.05; p-value reported two-tailed). However, repeated measures ANOVA (Participant type × Grammaticality × Chunk strength) revealed a Participant type effect for grammaticality judgment scores (F(1,30)=4.521, p
Published: 2010

16. Developmental Dyslexia and implicit learning: Evidence from an AGL transfer study

Author: Elpis V. Pavlidou and Joanne Williams
Subjects: transfer effect, children, Developmental dyslexia, AGL, General Materials Science, Psychology, implicit learning, Implicit learning, Developmental psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Implicit learning was explored in typical and developmental dyslexic children using the AGL paradigm (Reber, 1967). Two experiments were conducted; Experiment 1: non-transfer condition and Experiment 2: transfer condition. Typical children showed intact implicit learning under both conditions and transfer of knowledge. Children with developmental dyslexia on the other hand, were found impaired under both experimental conditions. It is argued that dyslexic children may face problems with implicit abstraction. The educational implications of the current results are discussed in relation to the prevalent teaching strategies in developmental dyslexia.
Published: 2010
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17. The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Serum Dickkopf-1, Osteoprotegerin, and RANKL in Patients with Paget's Disease of Bone

Author: Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Ioannis Litsas, Georgios Arsos, Spyridon Gerou, Marina Kita, Evangelos Terpos, Zoe Efstathiadou, V. Pavlidou, A. Avramidis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Efstratios Moralidis, and Athanasios Papatheodorou
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Osteoclast proliferation, Zoledronic Acid, Biochemistry, Cohort Studies, Endocrinology, N-terminal telopeptide, Osteoprotegerin, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, Diphosphonates, biology, business.industry, RANK Ligand, Biochemistry (medical), Imidazoles, Osteoblast, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Osteitis Deformans, medicine.disease, Paget's disease of bone, Zoledronic acid, medicine.anatomical_structure, RANKL, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Female, business, Type I collagen, medicine.drug
Abstract: Overexpression of dickkopf (DKK)-1 in pagetic osteoblast cultures resulted in stimulation of osteoclast proliferation and inhibition of osteoblast growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time in Paget's disease of bone (PDB): 1) the serum levels of DKK1; 2) the association of DKK-1 with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG); and 3) the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on serum DKK-1, RANKL, and OPG. The study was conducted as a prospective open-label cohort study. Eleven patients with PDB (median age 60 years) were recruited. Twelve age- gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy individuals were used as controls at baseline. Blood samples were obtained before treatment (baseline) and after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months following ZOL infusion in patients with PDB. Patients with PDB had significantly higher RANKL (p=0.002), OPG (p=0.001), and bone markers (total alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen) compared with controls at baseline. There was no difference between groups in DKK-1 at baseline. Bone markers were both significantly decreased after therapy. Serum OPG, RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, and DKK-1 remained unaffected throughout the study. No correlations were found between OPG, RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, and DKK-1 at baseline nor between their changes during the study. Although both OPG and RANKL were increased in patients with PDB, ZOL had no effect on their serum levels. Serum DKK-1 was neither increased in patients with PDB nor related to OPG and RANKL, and was unaffected by ZOL.
Published: 2009

18. Artificial grammar learning in primary school children with and without developmental dyslexia

Author: Louise M. Kelly, Elpis V. Pavlidou, and Joanne Williams
Subjects: Male, Artificial grammar learning, media_common.quotation_subject, Education, Developmental psychology, Dyslexia, Speech and Hearing, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Cognitive development, Humans, Learning, Child, Set (psychology), media_common, Analysis of Variance, Language Tests, Grammar, Linguistics, Cognition, medicine.disease, Implicit learning, Female, Grammaticality, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: This paper explores implicit learning in typically developing and primary school children (9-12 years old) with developmental dyslexia using an artificial grammar learning (AGL) task. Two experiments were conducted, which differed in time of presentation and nature of the instructional set (experiment 1--implicit instructions vs experiment 2--explicit instructions). Repeated measures analysis of variance (group x grammaticality x chunk strength) showed a group effect only in experiment 1 (implicit instructions), with only the typically developing children showing evidence of AGL. There was a grammaticality effect (adherence to the rules) for both groups in the two experimental situations. We suggest that the typically developing children exhibited intact implicit learning as manifested in AGL performance, whereas children with developmental dyslexia failed to provide such evidence due to possible mediating cognitive developmental factors.
Published: 2009

19. Search for signatures of magnetically-induced alignment in the arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, S. Argir, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, A. Bacher, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, H. J. M. Barbosa, N. Barenthien, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Belletoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, E. Bollmann, H. Bolz, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, F. Bracci, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, D. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, J. Castro, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordero, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. W. Cronin, J. Cuautle, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, F. Daudo, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. Du Vernois, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gama rra, S. Gambetta, B. Garcıa, D. Garcıa Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmekeai, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, K. Gibbs, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, L. M. Goggin, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gomez Berisso, P. F. Gomez Vitale, P. Goncalves, M. Goncalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, V. Grassi, S. Grebe, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, J. Grygar, Y. Guardincerri, N. Guardone, C. Guerard, F. Guarino, R. Gumbsheimer, G. P. Guedes, J. Gutierrez, J. D. Hague, V. Halenka, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, G. Hebrero, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, G. Hofman, J. R. Horandel, A. Horneffer, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, H. Hucker, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jiraskova, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, P. Kasper, B. Ke, B. Keilhauer, E. Kempq, H. Kern, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. . Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, A. Kopmann, A. Krieger, O. Kromer, D. Kruppke Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, P. Lautridou, M. S. A. B. Leao, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leiguide Oliveira, A. Lemiere, A. Letessier Selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry Yvon, R. Lopez, A. Lopez Aguera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Lucero, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. Malek, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, F. Marchetto, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, O. Martineau, O. Martınez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, M. McEwen, R. R. McNeil, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, R. Meyhandan, M. I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafa, C. A. Moura, M. 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Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. 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R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., ??u??a, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Ta??c??u, C. G., Tavera Ruiz, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, Valore, Laura, A. M., van den Berg, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberi??, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. 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F., Gama rra, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, K., Gibb, J., Gitto, L. M., Goggin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gora, V., Grassi, J., Grygar, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, J., Gutierrez, V., Halenka, S., Hartmann, M. D., Healy, G., Hebrero, G., Hofman, J. R., Horandel, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, H., Hucker, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Kaducak, T., Karova, B., Ke, E., Kempq, H., Kern, Kleifges, M., R., Knapik, A., Kopmann, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, A., Kusenko, B. L., Lago, M. S. A. B., Leao, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguide Oliveira, M., Leuthold, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, M., Malek, F., Marchetto, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Martineau, O., Martınez Bravo, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, R., Meyhandan, G., Miele, M., Mostafa, M., Mucchi, M. . A., Muller, F., Nerling, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, D., Nicotra, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, F., Ortolani, B., Oßwald, S., Parlati, M., Patel, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, J., Pekala, Perrone, Lorenzo, A., Pichel, T., Pinto, O., Pisanti, J., Pochon, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., G., Raia, A., Redondo, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, F. A. S., Rezendem, C., Riviere, M. D., Robert, J., Ro driguez Martino, M. D., Rodrıguez Fria, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, G., Schleif, T., Schmidt, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, F., Schussler, D., Semikoz, G., Sequiero, B. B., Siffert, A., Smiakowski, R., Smıda, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, T., Suomijarvi, A., Tamburro, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, D., Tcherniakhovski, R., Ticona, B., Tome, I., Torre, P., Trapani, V., Tuci, E., Tusi, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, G., Worner, H., Wuac, A., Yushkov, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, 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Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Field (physics), Astronomy, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, arrival directions, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Ray, Auger, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, FIELD, Pierre auger observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray, DETECTOR, Ciencias Exactas, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Arrival directions, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Isotropy, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Magnetic field, Experimental High Energy Physics, Data analysis, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS, Arrival direction, Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray
Abstract: We present the results of an analysis of data recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in which we search for groups of directionally-aligned events (or ‘multiplets’) which exhibit a correlation between arrival direc- tion and the inverse of the energy. These signatures are expected from sets of events coming from the same source after having been deflected by intervening coherent magnetic fields. The observation of several events from the same source would open the possibility to accurately reconstruct the position of the source and also measure the integral of the component of the magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectory of the cos- mic rays. We describe the largest multiplets found and compute the probability that they appeared by chance from an isotropic distribution. We find no statistically significant evidence for the presence of mul- tiplets arising from magnetic deflections in the present data., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2012

20. Search for First Harmonic Modulation in the Right Ascension Distribution of Cosmic Rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, S. Argir, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, A. Bacher, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, H. J. M. Barbosa, N. Barenthien, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Belletoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, E. Bollmann, H. Bolz, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, F. Bracci, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, D. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, J. Castro, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordero, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. W. Cronin, J. Cuautle, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, F. Daudo, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. Du Vernois, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gama rra, S. Gambetta, B. Garcıa, D. Garcıa Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmekeai, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, K. Gibbs, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, L. M. Goggin, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gomez Berisso, P. F. Gomez Vitale, P. Goncalves, M. Goncalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, V. Grassi, S. Grebe, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, J. Grygar, Y. Guardincerri, N. Guardone, C. Guerard, F. Guarino, R. Gumbsheimer, G. P. Guedes, J. Gutierrez, J. D. Hague, V. Halenka, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, G. Hebrero, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, G. Hofman, J. R. Horandel, A. Horneffer, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, H. Hucker, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jiraskova, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, P. Kasper, B. Ke, B. Keilhauer, E. Kempq, H. Kern, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. . Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, A. Kopmann, A. Krieger, O. Kromer, D. Kruppke Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, P. Lautridou, M. S. A. B. Leao, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leiguide Oliveira, A. Lemiere, A. Letessier Selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry Yvon, R. Lopez, A. Lopez Aguera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Lucero, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. Malek, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, F. Marchetto, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, O. Martineau, O. Martınez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, M. McEwen, R. R. McNeil, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, R. Meyhandan, M. I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafa, C. A. Moura, M. Mucchi, S. Mueller, M. . A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, F. Nerling, C. Newman Holmes, D. Newton, P. T. Nhung, D. Nicotra, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nozka, M. Nyklicek, J. Oehlschlager, A. Olinto, P. Oliva, V. M. Olmos Gilbaja, M. Ortiz, F. Ortolani, B. Oßwald, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, S. Pastor, M. Patel, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, J. Pekala, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Petrovic, C. Pfendner, A. Pichel, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, T. Pinto, V. Pirronello, O. Pisanti, M. Platino, J. Pochon, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, J. Pouryamout, L. Prado J.r., P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, G. Raia, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, A. Redondo, H. C. Reis, S. Reucroft, B. Revenu, F. A. S. Rezendem, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, C. Riviere, V. Rizi, C. Robledo, M. D. Roberts, G. Rodriguez, J. Ro driguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodrıguez Frias, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouille d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, F. Sanchez, M. Santander, C. E. Santo, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, G. Schleif, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovanek, F. Schroeder, S. Schulte, F. Schussler, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, D. Semikoz, G. Sequieros, M. Settimo, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, B. B. Siffert, A. Smiakowski, R. Smıda, A. G. K. Smith, B. E. Smith, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijarvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, T. Tarutina, O. Tascau, R. Tcaciuc, D. Tcherniakhovski, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, R. Ticona, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tome, A. Tonachini, I. Torres, P. Trapani, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, V. Tuci, M. Tueros, E. Tusi, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdes Galicia, I. Valino, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, J. R. Vazquez, R. A. Vazquez, D. Veberic, A. Velarde, T. Venters, V. Verzi, M. Videla, L. Villasenor, G. Vitali, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Warner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Wild, C. Wiebusch, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczynska, H. Wilczynski, C. Wileman, M. G. Winnick, G. Worner, H. Wuac, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, The Pierre Auger, C. o. l. l. a. b. o. r. a. t. i. o. n. ., KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E.J, Albuquerque, I.F.M, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Allison, P, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Balzer, M, Barber, K.B, Barbosa, A.F, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S.L.C, Baughman, B, Beatty, J.J, Becker, B.R, Becker, K.H, Bellido, J.A, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bertou, X, Biermann, P.L, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W.C, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R.E, Caballero-Mora, K.S, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J.A, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, R.W, Coluccia, M.R, Conceião, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M.J, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, C.E, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B.R, De Almeida, R.M, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S.J, De La Vega, G, De Mello Jr, W.J.M, De Mello Neto, J.R.T, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K.D, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dembinski, H, Denkiewicz, A, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, J.C, Díaz Castro, M.L, Diep, P.N, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J.C, Dong, P.N, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J.C, Dova, M.T, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C.O, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A.C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A.P, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C.E, Fraenkel, E.D, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Gamarra, R.F, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Gascon, A, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P.L, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M.S, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J.G, Gookin, B, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S.R, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Griffith, N, Grigat, M, Grillo, A.F, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G.P, Hague, J.D, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, J.L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A.E, Hojvat, C, Holmes, V.C, Homola, P, Hörandel, J.R, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kampert, K.H, Karhan, P, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J.L, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R.M, Klages, H.O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D.-H, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J.K, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leão, M.S.A.B, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M.A, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, MacOlino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A.G, Marin, V, Maris, I.C, Marquez Falcon, H.R, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, H.J, Matthews, J, Matthews, J.A.J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P.O, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Mertsch, P, Meurer, C, Mićanović, S, Micheletti, M.I, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J.C, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, C.A, Mueller, S, Muller, M.A, Müller, G, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J.L, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Nhung, P.T, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parrisius, J, Parsons, R.D, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I.M, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V.H, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E.J, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rivire, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodrigues De Carvalho, W, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, M.D, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A.C, Rühle, C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, C.E, Santos, E, Santos, E.M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S.J, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R.C, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G.R, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A.D, Šuša, T, Sutherland, M.S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Szuba, M, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tacu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tegolo, D, Thao, N.T, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D.K, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C.J, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D.B, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J.F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A.M, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Vázquez, J.R, Vázquez, R.A, Veberič, D, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, A.A, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B.J, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, M.G, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, S., Argir, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, A., Bacher, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, H. J. M., Barbosa, N., Barenthien, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, E., Bollmann, H., Bolz, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, F., Bracci, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, D., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, J., Castro, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordero, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J. W., Cronin, J., Cuautle, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, F., Daudo, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Du Vernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gama rra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, K., Gibb, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, V., Grassi, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, J., Grygar, Y., Guardincerri, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, G., Hofman, J. 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B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, E., Tusi, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, G., Worner, H., Wuac, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: Large scale anisotripies, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Auger Experiment, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, anisotropy, SURFACE DETECTOR, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Ray, Auger, Large scale anisotropies, Observatory, Large scale anisotropie, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray, Ciencias Exactas, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ORIGIN, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Radiación cósmica, Anisotropía, Amplitude, Harmonics, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ARRAY, Física nuclear, Right ascension, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above 2.5 × 1017 eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution. Upper limits on the amplitudes are obtained, which provide the most stringent bounds at present, being below 2% at 99% C.L. for EeV energies. We also compare our results to those of previous experiments as well as with some theoretical expectations., We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR, AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV, KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CRLA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden – Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung,Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238, Poland; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucía, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA; ALFA-EC/ HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2011

21. Search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos in highly inclined events at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, S. Argir, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, A. Bacher, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, H. J. M. Barbosa, N. Barenthien, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Belletoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, E. Bollmann, H. Bolz, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, F. Bracci, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, D. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, J. Castro, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordero, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. W. Cronin, J. Cuautle, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, F. Daudo, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. Du Vernois, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gama rra, S. Gambetta, B. Garcıa, D. Garcıa Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmekeai, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, K. Gibbs, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, L. M. Goggin, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gomez Berisso, P. F. Gomez Vitale, P. Goncalves, M. Goncalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, V. Grassi, S. Grebe, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, J. Grygar, Y. Guardincerri, N. Guardone, C. Guerard, F. Guarino, R. Gumbsheimer, G. P. Guedes, J. Gutierrez, J. D. Hague, V. Halenka, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, G. Hebrero, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, G. Hofman, J. R. Horandel, A. Horneffer, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, H. Hucker, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jiraskova, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, P. Kasper, B. Ke, B. Keilhauer, E. Kempq, H. Kern, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. . Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, A. Kopmann, A. Krieger, O. Kromer, D. Kruppke Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, P. Lautridou, M. S. A. B. Leao, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leiguide Oliveira, A. Lemiere, A. Letessier Selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry Yvon, R. Lopez, A. Lopez Aguera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Lucero, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. Malek, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, F. Marchetto, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, O. Martineau, O. Martınez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, M. McEwen, R. R. McNeil, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, R. Meyhandan, M. I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafa, C. A. Moura, M. Mucchi, S. Mueller, M. . A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, F. Nerling, C. Newman Holmes, D. Newton, P. T. Nhung, D. Nicotra, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nozka, M. Nyklicek, J. Oehlschlager, A. Olinto, P. Oliva, V. M. Olmos Gilbaja, M. Ortiz, F. Ortolani, B. Oßwald, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, S. Pastor, M. Patel, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, J. Pekala, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Petrovic, C. Pfendner, A. Pichel, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, T. Pinto, V. Pirronello, O. Pisanti, M. Platino, J. Pochon, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, J. Pouryamout, L. Prado J.r., P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, G. Raia, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, A. Redondo, H. C. Reis, S. Reucroft, B. Revenu, F. A. S. Rezendem, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, C. Riviere, V. Rizi, C. Robledo, M. D. Roberts, G. Rodriguez, J. Ro driguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodrıguez Frias, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouille d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, F. Sanchez, M. Santander, C. E. Santo, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, G. Schleif, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovanek, F. Schroeder, S. Schulte, F. Schussler, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, D. Semikoz, G. Sequieros, M. Settimo, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, B. B. Siffert, A. Smiakowski, R. Smıda, A. G. K. Smith, B. E. Smith, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijarvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, T. Tarutina, O. Tascau, R. Tcaciuc, D. Tcherniakhovski, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, R. Ticona, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tome, A. Tonachini, I. Torres, P. Trapani, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, V. Tuci, M. Tueros, E. Tusi, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdes Galicia, I. Valino, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, J. R. Vazquez, R. A. Vazquez, D. Veberic, A. Velarde, T. Venters, V. Verzi, M. Videla, L. Villasenor, G. Vitali, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Warner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Wild, C. Wiebusch, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczynska, H. Wilczynski, C. Wileman, M. G. Winnick, G. Worner, H. Wuac, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, D'Urso, Domenico, Yushkov, Alexey, Aramo, Carla, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, S., Argir, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, A., Bacher, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, H. J. M., Barbosa, N., Barenthien, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, E., Bollmann, H., Bolz, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, F., Bracci, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, D., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, J., Castro, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordero, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J. W., Cronin, J., Cuautle, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, F., Daudo, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Du Vernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gama rra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, K., Gibb, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, V., Grassi, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, J., Grygar, Y., Guardincerri, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, G., Hofman, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, H., Hucker, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, E., Kempq, H., Kern, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, Kleifges, M., J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Kopmann, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguide Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, M., Malek, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, F., Marchetto, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Martineau, O., Martınez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, C. A., Moura, M., Mucchi, S., Mueller, M. . A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, F., Nerling, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, P. T., Nhung, D., Nicotra, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, B., Oßwald, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, G., Raia, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezendem, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, M. D., Robert, G., Rodriguez, J., Ro driguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodrıguez Fria, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, G., Schleif, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, G., Sequiero, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, A., Smiakowski, R., Smıda, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, R., Ticona, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, I., Torre, P., Trapani, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, E., Tusi, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, G., Worner, H., Wuac, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Fajardo Tapia, I., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Guzman, A., Hague, J., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harrison, T., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J., Kunka, N., Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Newton, D., Nhung, P., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Noka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H., Amiałkowski, A., Amída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Aua, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcau, O., Tavera Ruiz, C., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics, UPPER LIMIT, PHOTON FRACTION, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, neutrino, Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, ORIGIN, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], pion, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, COSMIC-RAYS, cosmic ray detectors, and other elementary particle detectors, Cosmic neutrino background, NEUTRINOS, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FLUX, FERMI-LAT, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], TELESCOPE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, SURFACE DETECTOR, Cosmic Ray, Pion, muon, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, and other elementary particles, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, PERFORMANCE, neutrino flavor, air showers, surface detector, observatory, atmosphere, Auger, cosmic radiation, energy spectrum, 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Erratum: Phys. Rev. D 85, 029902(E) (2012) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.029902], The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos of all flavours above 0.1 EeV. These interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere giving rise to extensive air showers. When interacting deeply in the atmosphere at nearly horizontal incidence, neutrinos can be distinguished from regular hadronic cosmic rays by the broad time structure of their shower signals in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper we present for the first time an analysis based on down-going neutrinos. We describe the search procedure, the possible sources of background, the method to compute the exposure and the associated systematic uncertainties. No candidate neutrinos have been found in data collected from 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2010. Assuming an E^-2 differential energy spectrum the limit on the single flavour neutrino is (E^2 * dN/dE) < 1.74x10^-7 GeV cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 at 90% C.L. in the energy range 1x10^17 eV < E < 1x10^20 eV., We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CRLA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden- Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DEAC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2011

22. Anisotropy and chemical compositionof ultra-high energy cosmic rays usingarrival directions measured by thePierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, S. Argir, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, A. Bacher, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, H. J. M. Barbosa, N. Barenthien, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Belletoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, E. Bollmann, H. Bolz, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, F. Bracci, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, D. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, J. Castro, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordero, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. W. Cronin, J. Cuautle, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, F. Daudo, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. Du Vernois, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gama rra, S. Gambetta, B. Garcıa, D. Garcıa Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmekeai, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, K. Gibbs, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, L. M. Goggin, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gomez Berisso, P. F. Gomez Vitale, P. Goncalves, M. Goncalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, V. Grassi, S. Grebe, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, J. Grygar, Y. Guardincerri, N. Guardone, C. Guerard, F. Guarino, R. Gumbsheimer, G. P. Guedes, J. Gutierrez, J. D. Hague, V. Halenka, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, G. Hebrero, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, G. Hofman, J. R. Horandel, A. Horneffer, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, H. Hucker, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jiraskova, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, P. Kasper, B. Ke, B. Keilhauer, E. Kempq, H. Kern, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. . Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, A. Kopmann, A. Krieger, O. Kromer, D. Kruppke Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, P. Lautridou, M. S. A. B. Leao, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leiguide Oliveira, A. Lemiere, A. Letessier Selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry Yvon, R. Lopez, A. Lopez Aguera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Lucero, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. Malek, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, F. Marchetto, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, O. Martineau, O. Martınez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, M. McEwen, R. R. McNeil, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, R. Meyhandan, M. I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafa, C. A. Moura, M. Mucchi, S. Mueller, M. . A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, F. Nerling, C. Newman Holmes, D. Newton, P. T. Nhung, D. Nicotra, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nozka, M. Nyklicek, J. Oehlschlager, A. Olinto, P. Oliva, V. M. Olmos Gilbaja, M. Ortiz, F. Ortolani, B. Oßwald, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, S. Pastor, M. Patel, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, J. Pekala, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Petrovic, C. Pfendner, A. Pichel, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, T. Pinto, V. Pirronello, O. Pisanti, M. Platino, J. Pochon, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, J. Pouryamout, L. Prado J.r., P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, G. Raia, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, A. Redondo, H. C. Reis, S. Reucroft, B. Revenu, F. A. S. Rezendem, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, C. Riviere, V. Rizi, C. Robledo, M. D. Roberts, G. Rodriguez, J. Ro driguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodrıguez Frias, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouille d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, F. Sanchez, M. Santander, C. E. Santo, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, G. Schleif, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovanek, F. Schroeder, S. Schulte, F. Schussler, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, D. Semikoz, G. Sequieros, M. Settimo, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, B. B. Siffert, A. Smiakowski, R. Smıda, A. G. K. Smith, B. E. Smith, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijarvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, T. Tarutina, O. Tascau, R. Tcaciuc, D. Tcherniakhovski, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, R. Ticona, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tome, A. Tonachini, I. Torres, P. Trapani, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, V. Tuci, M. Tueros, E. Tusi, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdes Galicia, I. Valino, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, J. R. Vazquez, R. A. Vazquez, D. Veberic, A. Velarde, T. Venters, V. Verzi, M. Videla, L. Villasenor, G. Vitali, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Warner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Wild, C. Wiebusch, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczynska, H. Wilczynski, C. Wileman, M. G. Winnick, G. Worner, H. Wuac, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, S., Argir, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, A., Bacher, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, H. J. M., Barbosa, N., Barenthien, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, E., Bollmann, H., Bolz, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, F., Bracci, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, D., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, J., Castro, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordero, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J. W., Cronin, J., Cuautle, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, F., Daudo, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Du Vernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gama rra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, K., Gibb, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, V., Grassi, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, J., Grygar, Y., Guardincerri, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, G., Hofman, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, H., Hucker, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, E., Kempq, H., Kern, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, Kleifges, M., J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Kopmann, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguide Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, M., Malek, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, F., Marchetto, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Martineau, O., Martınez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, C. A., Moura, M., Mucchi, S., Mueller, M. . A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, F., Nerling, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, P. T., Nhung, D., Nicotra, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, B., Oßwald, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, G., Raia, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezendem, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, M. D., Robert, G., Rodriguez, J., Ro driguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodrıguez Fria, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, G., Schleif, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, G., Sequiero, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, A., Smiakowski, R., Smıda, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, R., Ticona, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, I., Torre, P., Trapani, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, E., Tusi, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, G., Worner, H., Wuac, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: cosmic ray experiments, ultra high energy cosmic ray
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the dis- tribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies E > Eth = 5.5×10^19 eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby extragalactic objects, including an appar- ent excess around the direction of Centaurus A. If the particles responsible for these excesses at E > Eth are heavy nuclei with charge Z, the proton component of the sources should lead to excesses in the same regions at energies E/Z. We here report the lack of anisotropies in these directions at energies above Eth/Z (for illustrative values of Z = 6, 13, 26). If the anisotropies above Eth are due to nuclei with charge Z, and under reasonable assumptions about the acceleration process, these observations imply stringent constraints on the allowed proton fraction at the lower energies.
Published: 2011

23. The Lateral Trigger Probability function for UHE Cosmic Rays Showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, S. Argir, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, A. Bacher, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, H. J. M. Barbosa, N. Barenthien, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Belletoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, E. Bollmann, H. Bolz, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, F. Bracci, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, D. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, J. Castro, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordero, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. W. Cronin, J. Cuautle, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, F. Daudo, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. Du Vernois, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, W. 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J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, S., Argir, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, A., Bacher, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, H. J. M., Barbosa, N., Barenthien, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, E., Bollmann, H., Bolz, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, F., Bracci, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, D., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, J., Castro, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordero, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J. W., Cronin, J., Cuautle, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, F., Daudo, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Du Vernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gama rra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, K., Gibb, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, V., Grassi, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, J., Grygar, Y., Guardincerri, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, G., Hofman, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, H., Hucker, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, E., Kempq, H., Kern, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, Kleifges, M., J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Kopmann, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguide Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, M., Malek, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, F., Marchetto, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Martineau, O., Martınez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, C. A., Moura, M., Mucchi, S., Mueller, M. . A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, F., Nerling, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, P. T., Nhung, D., Nicotra, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, B., Oßwald, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, G., Raia, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezendem, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, M. D., Robert, G., Rodriguez, J., Ro driguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodrıguez Fria, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, G., Schleif, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, G., Sequiero, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, A., Smiakowski, R., Smıda, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, R., Ticona, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, I., Torre, P., Trapani, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, E., Tusi, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, G., Worner, H., Wuac, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Hybrid detector, Surface detector, Extensive Air Shower, Trigger performance, Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5 km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10^17 and 10^19 eV and zenith angles up to 65 degree. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.
Published: 2011

24. Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 10(18) eV

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, K. Arisaka, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, D. Badagnani, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, T. Bergmann, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chudoba, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, G. Decerprit, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. DuVernois, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. Ferrero, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, I. Fleck, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, U. Fröhlich, W. Fulgione, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, D. García Gámez, D. Garcia-Pinto, X. Garrido, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. 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Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, Yushkov, Alexey, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National 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J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], FLUORESCENCE LIGHT, General Physics and Astronomy, Pierre Auger Observatory, depth of maximum, fluorescence detector, cosmic rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Chemical Composition, Astrophysics, Mass composition, ENERGIA, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, RECONSTRUCTION, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Measurement, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Pierre Auger Experiment, Detector, Primary composition, Física, COSMIC-RAYS, longitudinal development, Longitudinal development, RESOLUTION, Física nuclear, fluorescence, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy
Abstract: We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost four thousand events above 10¹⁸ eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106⁺³⁵₋₂₁) g/cm²/decade below 1018.24 ± 0.05 eV and (24 ± 3) g/cm²/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm². The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2010

25. A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. ABRAHAM, P. ABREU, M. AGLIETTA, E. J. AHN, D. ALLARD, I. ALLEKOTTE, J. ALLEN, J. ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M. AMBROSIO, L. ANCHORDOQUI, S. ANDRINGA, T. ANTICIC, A. ANZALONE, C. ARAMO, E. ARGANDA, K. ARISAKA, F. ARQUEROS, H. ASOREY, P. ASSIS, J. AUBLIN, M. AVE, G. AVILA, T. BACKER, D. BADAGNANI, M. BALZER, K. B. BARBER, A. F. BARBOSA, S. L. C. BARROSO, B. BAUGHMAN, P. BAULEO, J. BEATTY, B. R. BECKER, K. H. BECKER, A. BELLETOILE, J. A. BELLIDO, S. BENZVI, C. BERAT, T. BERGMANN, X. BERTOU, P. L. BIERMANN, P. BILLOIR, O. BLANCH BIGAS, F. BLANCO, M. BLANCO, H. BLUMER, M. BOHACOVA, D. BONCIOLI, C. BONIFAZI, R. BONINO, N. BORODAI, J. BRACK, P. BROGUEIRA, W. C. BROWN, R. BRUIJN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A. BUENO, R. E. BURTON, N. BUSCA, K. S. CABALLERO MORA, L. CARAMETE, R. CARUSO, A. CASTELLINA, O. CATALANO, G. CATALDI, L. CAZON, R. CESTER, J. CHAUVIN, A. CHIAVASSA, J. A. CHINELLATO, A. CHOU, J. CHUDOBA, R. W. CLAY, E. COLOMBO, R. CONCEICAO, F. CONTRERAS, H. COOK, M. COOPER, J. COPPENS, A. CORDIER, U. COTTI, S. COUTU, C. E. COVAULT, A. CREUSOT, A. CRISS, J. CRONIN, A. CURUTIU, S. DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R. DALLIER, K. DAUMILLER, B. R. DAWSON, R. M. DE, ALMEIDA, M. DEDOMENICO, C. DEDONATO, S. J. DEJONG, G. DELAVEGA, W. J. M. DEMELLOJUNIOR, J. DEMELLONETO, V. DESOUZAM, K. D. DEVRIES, G. DECERPRIT, L. DELPERAL, O. DELIGNY, A. DELLASELVA, C. DELLEFRATTE, H. DEMBINSKI, C. DIGIULIO, J. C. DIAZ, M. CASTRO, P. N. DIEP, C. DOBRIGKEIT, J. C. DOLIVO, P. N. DONG, A. DOROFEEV, J. C. DOSANJOS, M. DOVA, D. DURSO, I. DUTAN, M. A. DUVERNOIS, J. EBR, R. ENGEL, M. ERDMANN, C. O, A. ETCHEGOYEN, P. FACALSANLUIS, H. FALCKE, G. FARRAR, A. C. FAUTH, N. FAZZINI, A. FERRERO, B. FICK, A. FILEVICH, A. FILIPCIC, I. FLECK, S. FLIESCHER, C. E. FRACCHIOLLA, E. D. FRAENKEL, U. FROHLICH, W. FULGIONE, R. F. GAMARRA, S. GAMBETTA, B. GARCIA, D. GAMEZ, D. GARCIA PINTO, X. GARRIDO, G. GELMINI, H. GEMMEKEAG, P. L. GHIA, U. GIACCARI, M. GILLER, H. GLASS, L. GOGGIN, M. S. GOLD, G. GOLUP, F. GOMEZALBARRACIN, M. BERISSO, P. GONC ALVES, D. GONZALEZ, J. G. GONZALEZ, D. GORA, A. GORGI, P. GOUFFON, S. R. GOZZINI, E. GRASHORN, S. GREBE, M. GRIGAT, A. F. GRILLO, Y. GUARDINCERRI, F. GUARINO, G. P. GUEDES, J. D. HAGUE, V. HALENKA, P. HANSEN, D. HARARI, S. HARMSMA, J. L. HARTON, A. HAUNGS, T. HEBBEKER, D. HECK, A. E. HERVE, C. HOJVAT, V. C. HOLMES, P. HOMOLA, J. R. HORANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, M. HRABOVSKY, T. HUEGE, M. HUSSAIN, M. IARLORI, A. INSOLIA, F. IONITA, A. ITALIANO, S. JIRASKOVA, K. KADIJA, M. KADUCAK, K. H. KAMPERT, T. KAROVA, P. KASPER, B. KEGL, B. KEILHAUER, A. KEIVANI, J. KELLEY, E. KEMPO, R. M. KIECKHAFER, H. O. KLAGES, M. KLEIFGES, J. KLEINFELLER, R. KNAPIK, J. KNAPP, D. H. KOANG, A. KRIEGER, O. KROMER, D. KRUPPKE HANSEN, F. KUEHN, D. KUEMPEL, K. KULBARTZ, N. KUNKA, A. KUSENKO, G. LAROSA, C. LACHAUD, B. LAGO, P. LAUTRIDOU, M. S. A. B. LEAO, D. LEBRUN, P. LEBRUN, J. LEE, M. A. LEIGUIDEOLIVEIRA, A. LEMIERE, A. LETESSIER SELVON, I. LHENRY YVON, R. LOPEZ, A. LOPEZAGUERA, K. LOUEDEC, J. LOZANOBAHILO, A. LUCERO, M. LUDWIG, H. LYBERIS, M. C. MACCARONE, C. MACOLINO, S. MALDERA, D. MANDAT, P. MANTSCH, A. G. MARIAZZI, V. MARIN, I. C. MARIS, H. FALCON, O. BRAVO, H. J. MATHES, J. MATTHEWS, G. MATTHIAE, D. MAURIZIO, P. O. MAZUR, M. MCEWENBP, G. MEDINA TANCO, M. MELISSAS, D. MELO, E. MENICHETTI, A. MENSHIKOV, C. MEURER, S. MICANOVIC, M. I. MICHELETTI, W. MILLER, L. MIRAMONTI, S. MOLLERACH, M. MONASOR, D. MONNIERRAGAIGNE, F. MONTANET, B. MORALES, C. MORELLO, E. BA, J. C. MORENO, C. MORRIS, M. MOSTAFA, S. MUELLER, M. MULLER, R. MUSSA, G. NAVARRA, J. L. NAVARRO, S. NAVAS, P. NECESAL, L. NELLEN, P. NHUNG, N. NIERSTENHOEFER, D. NITZ, D. NOSEK, L. NOZKA, M. NYKLICEK, J. OEHLSCHLAGER, A. OLINTO, P. OLIVA, V. BR, M. ORTIZ, N. PACHECO, D. PAKKSELMI DEI, M. PALATKA, J. PALLOTTA, N. PALMIERI, G. PARENTE, E. PARIZOT, S. PARLATI, A. PARRA, J. PARRISIUS, R. PARSONS, S. PASTOR, T. PAUL, V. PAVLIDOU, K. PAYET, M. PECH, J. PEKALA, R. PELAYO, I. PEPE, R. PESCE, E. PETERMANN, S. PETRERA, P. PETRINCA, A. PETROLINI, Y. PETROV, J. PETROVIC, C. PFENDNER, R. PIEGAIA, T. PIEROG, M. PIMENTA, V. PIRRONELLO, M. PLATINO, V. H. PONCE, M. PONTZ, P. PRIVITERA, M. PROUZA, E. J. QUEL, J. RAUTENBERG, O. RAVEL, D. RAVIGNANI, A. REDONDO, B. REVENU, F. A. S. REZENDE, J. RIDKY, S. RIGGI, M. RISSE, P. RISTORI, C. RIVIERE, V. RIZI, C. ROBLEDO, G. RODRIGUEZ, J. RODRIGUEZMARTINO, J. RODRIGUEZROJO, I. RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D. RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G. ROS, J. ROSADO, T. ROSSLER, M. ROTH, B. ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E. ROULET, A. C. ROVERO, F. SALAMIDA, H. SALAZAR, G. SALINA, F. SANCHEZ, M. SANTANDER, C. E. SANTO, E. SANTO, E. M. SANTOS, F. SARAZIN, S. SARKAR, R. SATO, N. SCHARF, V. SCHERINI, H. SCHIELER, P. SCHIFFER, A. SCHMIDT, F. SCHMIDT, T. SCHMIDT, O. SCHOLTEN, H. SCHOORLEMMER, J. SCHOVANCOVA, P. SCHOVANEK, F. SCHROEDER, S. SCHULTE, F. SCHUSSLER, D. SCHUSTER, S. J. SCIUTTO, M. SCUDERI, A. SEGRETO, D. SEMIKOZ, R. SHELLARD, I. SIDELNIK, B. B. SIFFERT, G. SIGL, A. SMIAKOWSKI, R. SMIDA, G. R. SNOW, P. SOMMERS, J. SOROKIN, H. SPINKA, R. SQUARTINI, J. STASIELAK, M. STEPHAN, E. STRAZZERI, A. STUTZ, F. SUAREZ, T. SUOMIJARVI, A. D. SUPANITSKY, T. SUSA, M. S. SUTHERLAND, J. SWAIN, Z. SZADKOWSKI, A. TAMASHIRO, A. TAMBURRO, A. TAPIA, T. TARUTINA, O. TAS CAU, R. TCACIUC, D. TCHERNIAKHOVSKI, D. TEGOLO, N. T. THAO, D. THOMAS, J. TIFFENBERG, C. TIMMERMANS, W. TKACZYK, C. J. TODEROPEIXOTO, B. TOME, A. TONACHINI, P. TRAVNICEK, D. B. TRIDAPALLI, G. TRISTRAM, E. TROVATO, M. TUEROS, R. ULRICH, M. UNGER, M. URBAN, J. GALICIA, I. VALINO, L. VALORE, A. M. VANDENBERG, J. R. VAZQUEZ, R. A. VAZQUEZ, D. VEBERIC, T. VENTERS, V. VERZI, M. VIDELA, L. VILLASENOR, S. VOROBIOV, L. VOYVODIC, H. WAHLBERG, P. WAHRLICH, O. WAINBERG, D. WARNER, A. A. WATSON, S. WESTERHOFF, B. J. WHELAN, G. WIECZOREK, L. WIENCKE, B. WILCZYNSKA, H. WILCZYNSKI, C. WILLIAMS, T. WINCHEN, M. G. WINNICK, B. WUNDHEILER, T. YAMAMOTO, P. YOUNK, G. YUAN, A. YUSHKOV, E. ZAS, D. ZAVRTANIK, M. ZAVRTANIK, I. ZAW, A. ZEPEDA, M. ZIOLKOWSKI, BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, SETTIMO, MARIANGELA, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, C., Moura, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Healy, M., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Mcneil, R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. 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T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Angstrom exponent, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, CROSS-SECTIONS, COSMIC-RAY SHOWERS, Observatory, DEPENDENCE, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Lidar, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], ANGSTROM EXPONENT, Pierre Auger Observatory, Bi-static lidar, ELECTRONS, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, MULTIPLE-SCATTERING, Light emission, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, LIGHT-EMISSION, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, Air fluorescence method, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, RECONSTRUCTION, Aerosol, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Aerosols, Calorimeter (particle physics), Atmospheric effect, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atmosphere, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, NITROGEN, Air shower, Fluorescence Telescopes, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, AEROSSOL
Abstract: The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-W¨urttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010

26. The Northen Site of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. ABRAHAM, P. ABREU, M. AGLIETTA, E. J. AHN, D. ALLARD, I. ALLEKOTTE, J. ALLEN, J. ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M. AMBROSIO, L. ANCHORDOQUI, S. ANDRINGA, T. ANTICIC, A. ANZALONE, C. ARAMO, E. ARGANDA, K. ARISAKA, F. ARQUEROS, H. ASOREY, P. ASSIS, J. AUBLIN, M. AVE, G. AVILA, T. BACKER, D. BADAGNANI, M. BALZER, K. B. BARBER, A. F. BARBOSA, S. L. C. BARROSO, B. BAUGHMAN, P. BAULEO, J. BEATTY, B. R. BECKER, K. H. BECKER, A. BELLETOILE, J. A. BELLIDO, S. BENZVI, C. BERAT, T. BERGMANN, X. BERTOU, P. L. BIERMANN, P. BILLOIR, O. BLANCH BIGAS, F. BLANCO, M. BLANCO, H. BLUMER, M. BOHACOVA, D. BONCIOLI, C. BONIFAZI, R. BONINO, N. BORODAI, J. BRACK, P. BROGUEIRA, W. C. BROWN, R. BRUIJN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A. BUENO, R. E. BURTON, N. BUSCA, K. S. CABALLERO MORA, L. CARAMETE, R. CARUSO, A. CASTELLINA, O. CATALANO, G. CATALDI, L. CAZON, R. CESTER, J. CHAUVIN, A. CHIAVASSA, J. A. CHINELLATO, A. CHOU, J. CHUDOBA, R. W. CLAY, E. COLOMBO, R. CONCEICAO, F. CONTRERAS, H. COOK, M. COOPER, J. COPPENS, A. CORDIER, U. COTTI, S. COUTU, C. E. COVAULT, A. CREUSOT, A. CRISS, J. CRONIN, A. CURUTIU, S. DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R. DALLIER, K. DAUMILLER, B. R. DAWSON, R. M. DE, ALMEIDA, M. DEDOMENICO, C. DEDONATO, S. J. DEJONG, G. DELAVEGA, W. J. M. DEMELLOJUNIOR, J. DEMELLONETO, V. DESOUZAM, K. D. DEVRIES, G. DECERPRIT, L. DELPERAL, O. DELIGNY, A. DELLASELVA, C. DELLEFRATTE, H. DEMBINSKI, C. DIGIULIO, J. C. DIAZ, M. CASTRO, P. N. DIEP, C. DOBRIGKEIT, J. C. DOLIVO, P. N. DONG, A. DOROFEEV, J. C. DOSANJOS, M. DOVA, D. DURSO, I. DUTAN, M. A. DUVERNOIS, J. EBR, R. ENGEL, M. ERDMANN, C. O, A. ETCHEGOYEN, P. FACALSANLUIS, H. FALCKE, G. FARRAR, A. C. FAUTH, N. FAZZINI, A. FERRERO, B. FICK, A. FILEVICH, A. FILIPCIC, I. FLECK, S. FLIESCHER, C. E. FRACCHIOLLA, E. D. FRAENKEL, U. FROHLICH, W. FULGIONE, R. F. GAMARRA, S. GAMBETTA, B. GARCIA, D. GAMEZ, D. GARCIA PINTO, X. GARRIDO, G. GELMINI, H. GEMMEKEAG, P. L. GHIA, U. GIACCARI, M. GILLER, H. GLASS, L. GOGGIN, M. S. GOLD, G. GOLUP, F. GOMEZALBARRACIN, M. BERISSO, P. 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SOROKIN, H. SPINKA, R. SQUARTINI, J. STASIELAK, M. STEPHAN, E. STRAZZERI, A. STUTZ, F. SUAREZ, T. SUOMIJARVI, A. D. SUPANITSKY, T. SUSA, M. S. SUTHERLAND, J. SWAIN, Z. SZADKOWSKI, A. TAMASHIRO, A. TAMBURRO, A. TAPIA, T. TARUTINA, O. TAS CAU, R. TCACIUC, D. TCHERNIAKHOVSKI, D. TEGOLO, N. T. THAO, D. THOMAS, J. TIFFENBERG, C. TIMMERMANS, W. TKACZYK, C. J. TODEROPEIXOTO, B. TOME, A. TONACHINI, P. TRAVNICEK, D. B. TRIDAPALLI, G. TRISTRAM, E. TROVATO, M. TUEROS, R. ULRICH, M. UNGER, M. URBAN, J. GALICIA, I. VALINO, L. VALORE, A. M. VANDENBERG, J. R. VAZQUEZ, R. A. VAZQUEZ, D. VEBERIC, T. VENTERS, V. VERZI, M. VIDELA, L. VILLASENOR, S. VOROBIOV, L. VOYVODIC, H. WAHLBERG, P. WAHRLICH, O. WAINBERG, D. WARNER, A. A. WATSON, S. WESTERHOFF, B. J. WHELAN, G. WIECZOREK, L. WIENCKE, B. WILCZYNSKA, H. WILCZYNSKI, C. WILLIAMS, T. WINCHEN, M. G. WINNICK, B. WUNDHEILER, T. YAMAMOTO, P. YOUNK, G. YUAN, A. YUSHKOV, E. ZAS, D. ZAVRTANIK, M. ZAVRTANIK, I. ZAW, A. ZEPEDA, M. ZIOLKOWSKI, BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, SETTIMO, MARIANGELA, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., ALVAREZ MUNIZ, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., BLANCH BIGAS, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N., Busca, K. S., CABALLERO MORA, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., DAGORET CAMPAGNE, R., Dallier, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., De, Almeida, M., Dedomenico, C., Dedonato, S. J., Dejong, G., Delavega, W. J. M., Demellojunior, J., Demelloneto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., Desouzam, K. D., Devrie, G., Decerprit, L., Delperal, O., Deligny, A., Dellaselva, C., Dellefratte, H., Dembinski, C., Digiulio, J. C., Diaz, M., Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., Dolivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., Dosanjo, M., Dova, D., Durso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C., O, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facalsanlui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Frohlich, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcia, D., Gamez, D., GARCIA PINTO, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeag, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomezalbarracin, M., Berisso, P., GONC ALVES, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J., Kelley, E., Kempo, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., KRUPPKE HANSEN, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., Larosa, C., Lachaud, B., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguideoliveira, A., Lemiere, A., LETESSIER SELVON, I., LHENRY YVON, R., Lopez, A., Lopezaguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozanobahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H., Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewenbp, G., MEDINA TANCO, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnierragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Ba, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V., Br, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., PAKKSELMI DEI, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguezrojo, I., RODRIGUEZ CABO, M. D., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., ROUILLE DORFEUIL, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, A., Smiakowski, R., Smida, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Susa, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., TAS CAU, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Yushkov, Alexey, and The Pierre Auger, Collaboration
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, high energy, Particle composition, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, North-Site of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Auger Observatory, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Neutrino, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Part of Focus on High Energy Cosmic Rays - see paper for full liste of authors; The Pierre Auger Observatory is an international facility dedicated to the full-sky study of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The southern site of the Auger Observatory was completed in June 2008. Data collected since January 2004 have yielded important information on the energy spectrum, the primary particle composition, the fluxes of photons and neutrinos and on the anisotropic distribution of the arrival directions of the most energetic particles. On this basis, the scientific motivation for the northern Auger Observatory site in Colorado, USA, is discussed. The overall layout, the key components and the expected performance of this 20 000 km2 hybrid observatory comprised of an array of 4400 surface detectors and 39 fluorescence telescopes are described.
Published: 2010

27. Implicit learning and reading: insights from typical children and children with developmental dyslexia using the artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigm

Author: Joanne Williams and Elpis V. Pavlidou
Subjects: Male, Artificial grammar learning, media_common.quotation_subject, Transfer, Psychology, Decision Making, Intelligence, Vocabulary, Generalization, Psychological, Developmental psychology, Task (project management), Dyslexia, Typically developing, Judgment, Phonetics, Reference Values, Reading (process), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Set (psychology), Child, Problem Solving, media_common, Association Learning, Verbal Learning, Implicit learning, Semantics, Clinical Psychology, Memory, Short-Term, Reading, Developmental dyslexia, Grammaticality, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: We examined implicit learning in school-aged children with and without developmental dyslexia based on the proposal that implicit learning plays a significant role in mastering fluent reading. We ran two experiments with 16 typically developing children (9 to 11-years-old) and 16 age-matched children with developmental dyslexia using the artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigm. In Experiment 1 (non-transfer task), children were trained on stimuli that followed patterns (rules) unknown to them. Subsequently, they were asked to decide from a novel set which stimuli follow the same rules (grammaticality judgments). In Experiment 2 (transfer task), training and testing stimuli differed in their superficial characteristics but followed the same rules. Again, children were asked to make grammaticality judgments. Our findings expand upon previous research by showing that children with developmental dyslexia show difficulties in implicit learning that are most likely specific to higher-order rule-like learning. These findings are discussed in relation to current theories of developmental dyslexia and of implicit learning.
Published: 2013

28. 15 GHz Monitoring of Gamma-ray Blazars with the OVRO 40 Meter Telescope in Support of Fermi

Author: J. L. Richards, W. Max-Moerbeck, V. Pavlidou, T. J. Pearson, A. C. S. Readhead, M. A. Stevenson, S. E. Healey, R. W. Romani, M. S. Shaw, L. Fuhrmann, E. Angelakis, J. A. Zensus, K. Grainge, G. B. Taylor, J. D. Scargle, A. Comastri, L. Angelini, M. Cappi, Comastri, Andrea, Cappi, Massimo, and Angelini, L.
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Light curve, Monitoring program, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Blazar, Noise (radio), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results from the first two years of our fast-cadence 15 GHz gamma-ray blazar monitoring program, part of the F-GAMMA radio monitoring project. Our sample includes the 1158 blazars north of -20 degrees declination from the Candidate Gamma-Ray Blazar Survey (CGRaBS), which encompasses a significant fraction of the extragalactic sources detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We introduce a novel likelihood analysis for computing a time series variability amplitude statistic that separates intrinsic variability from measurement noise and produces a quantitative error estimate. We use this method to characterize our radio light curves. We also present results indicating a statistically significant correlation between simultaneous average 15 GHz radio flux density and gamma-ray photon flux., 5 pages, 7 figures; 2009 Fermi Symposium; eConf Proceedings C091122
Published: 2009

29. Fermi/large area telescope discovery of gamma-ray emission from a relativistic jet in the narrow-line quasar pmn j0948+0022

Author: A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, M. Battelino, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen Tanugi, W. Collmar, J. Conrad, L. Costamante, C. D. Dermer, A. d. Angelis, F. d. Palma, S. W. Digel, E. D. E. Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, L. Foschini, M. Frailis, L. Fuhrmann, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, R. C. Hartman, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Johannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, M. Kerr, J. Knodlseder, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine Goumard, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, W. Max Moerbeck, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pavlidou, T. J. Pearson, M. Pepe, M. Pesce Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Raino, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Readhead, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, J. L. Richards, S. Ritz, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, F. Ryde, H. F. W. Sadrozinski, R. Sambruna, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. S. Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, T. L. Schalk, C. Sgro, D. A. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J. L. Starck, M. Stevenson, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, G. Tagliaferri, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, J. A. Zensus, M. Ziegler, G. Ghisellini, L. Maraschi, F. Tavecchio, E. Angelakis, LONGO, FRANCESCO, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Battelino, M., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Collmar, W., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Focke, W. B., Foschini, L., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hartman, R. C., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcconville, W., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Richards, J. L., Ritz, S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sambruna, R., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F., and Angelakis, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Continuum (design consultancy), Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gamma rays: observations, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: active, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quasars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Active Galactic Nuclei, Black hole, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report the discovery by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope of high-energy. gamma-ray emission from the peculiar quasar PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). The optical spectrum of this object exhibits rather narrow H beta (FWHM(H beta) similar to 1500 km s(-1)), weak forbidden lines, and is therefore classified as a narrow-line type I quasar. This class of objects is thought to have relatively small black hole mass and to accrete at a high Eddington ratio. The radio loudness and variability of the compact radio core indicate the presence of a relativistic jet. Quasi-simultaneous radio/optical/X-ray and gamma-ray observations are presented. Both radio and gamma-ray emissions (observed over five months) are strongly variable. The simultaneous optical and X-ray data from Swift show a blue continuum attributed to the accretion disk and a hard X-ray spectrum attributed to the jet. The resulting broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) and, in particular, the gamma-ray spectrum measured by Fermi are similar to those of more powerful Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). A comparison of the radio and gamma-ray characteristics of PMN J0948+0022 with the other blazars detected by LAT shows that this source has a relatively low radio and gamma-ray power with respect to other FSRQs. The physical parameters obtained from modeling the SED also fall at the low power end of the FSRQ parameter region discussed in Celotti & Ghisellini. We suggest that the similarity of the SED of PMN J0948+0022 to that of more massive and more powerful quasars can be understood in a scenario in which the SED properties depend on the Eddington ratio rather than on the absolute power.
Published: 2009

30. The OVRO blazar monitoring program

Author: V. Pavlidou, Joseph L. Richards, Walter Max-Moerbeck, T. J. Pearson, O. G. King, and Anthony C. S. Readhead
Subjects: Physics, History, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Declination, Monitoring program, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Telescope, law, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The OVRO 40 m Telescope monitoring program carries out twice-weekly measurements of the 15 GHz flux density of nearly 1600 blazars and other AGN, including all those associated with northern (declination > −20°) Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detections and a preselected sample ideal for statistical studies. We present some results from the program and describe the statistical method we have developed to assess the intrinsic radio variability of the sources in our sample. We also present a method for assessing the significance of correlations between radio and gamma-ray light curves.
Published: 2012

31. Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects

Author: J. Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Muniz, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, S. Argiro', K. Arisaka, E. Armengaud, F. Arneodo, F. Arquero, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, B. S. Atulugama, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, T. Backer, D. Badagnani, A. F. Barbosa, D. Barnhill, S. L. C. Barroso, P. Bauleo, J. J. Beatty, T. Beau, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, T. Bergmann, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, O. Blanch Bigas, F. Blanco, P. Blasi, C. Bleve, H. Blumer, M. Bohacova, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, M. Boratav, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, N. G. Busca, K. S. Caballero Mora, B. Cai, D. V. Camin, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chye, P. D. J. Clark, R. W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceicao, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, C. Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, J. C. Diaz, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, D. Dornic, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D’Urso, I. Dutan, M. A. DuVernois, R. Engel, L. Epele, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Ferrer, S. Ferry, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipcic, I. Fleck, R. Fonte, C. E. Fracchiolla, W. Fulgione, B. Garcia, D. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, M. Giller, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gomez Berisso, R. Gomez Herrero, P. Goncalves, M. Goncalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, V. Grassi, A. F. Grillo, C. Grunfeld, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, J. Gutierrez, J. D. Hague, J. C. Hamilton, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hauschildt, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, G. Hebrero, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. Horandel, A. Horneffer, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, T. Huege, M. Hussain, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, M. Kaducak, K. H. Kampert, T. Karova, B. Kegl, B. Keilhauer, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, A. Krieger, O. Kromer, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier Selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry Yvon, R. Lopez, A. Lopez Aguera, J. Lozano Bahilo, R. Luna Garcia, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. E. Mancenido, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, J. Martinez, O. Martinez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, T. McCauley, M. McEwen, R. R. McNeil, M. C. Medina, G. Medina Tanco, A. Meli, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menschikov, C.h.r. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, M. I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, J. C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafa, M. A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, C. Newman Holmes, D. Newton, N. T. Thao, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nozka, J. Oehlschlager, T. Ohnuki, A. Olinto, V. M. Olmos Gilbaja, M. Ortiz, F. Ortolani, S. Ostapchenko, L. Otero, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, S. Pastor, M. Patel, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, J. Pekala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, Y. Petrov, P. N. 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Squartini, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijarvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swainc, Z. Szadkowski, J. Takahashi, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, O. Tascau, R. Tcaciuc, D. Thomas, R. Ticon, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tome', A. Tonachini, I. Torres, D. Torresi, P. Travnicek, A. Tripathi, G. Tristram, D. Tscherniakhovski, M. Tueros, V. Tunnicliffe, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urbana, J. F. Valdes Galicia, I. Valino, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, V. van Elewyck, R. A. Vazquez, D. Veberic, A. Veiga, A. Velarde, T. Ventersc, V. Verzi, M. Videl, L. Villasenor, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlber, O. Wainber, P. Walker, D. Warner, A. A. Watson, S. Westerhoff, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczynska, H. Wilczynski, C. Wileman, M. G. Winnick, H. Wua, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, E. Zasb, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, A. Zech, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, S., Argiro', K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. 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C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A. F., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hauschildt, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, J., Lozano Bahilo, R., Luna Garcia, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Martello, Daniele, J., Martinez, O., Martinez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menschikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, N. T., Thao, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, P. N., Diep, P. N., Dong, P. T., Nhung, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, A., Redondo, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, M. D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swainc, Z., Szadkowski, J., Takahashi, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Thoma, R., Ticon, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome', A., Tonachini, I., Torre, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urbana, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Ventersc, V., Verzi, M., Videl, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlber, O., Wainber, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, H., Wua, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Zasb, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - Cosmologie, APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, PIERRE AUGER, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Active galactic nucleus, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, particle source [cosmic radiation], Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Cosmic ray, anisotropy, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Raggi cosmici, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Background radiation, Nuclei galattivi attivi, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Medicine (all), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics (astro-ph), angular dependence [cosmic radiation], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, Energia ultra alta, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:500, Energy (signal processing), experimental results
Abstract: Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above ~ 6x10^{19} electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within ~ 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources., Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures

32. Robopol: Optical polarisation monitoring of blazars

Author: Markus Böttcher, Dmitry A. Blinov, Talvikki Hovatta, Emmanouil Angelakis, V. Pavlidou, Ioannis Myserlis, Sebastian Kiehlmann, and J. Anton Zensus
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Amplitude, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Sample (graphics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The RoboPol program has been monitoring the $R$-band linear polarisation parameters of an unbiased sample of 60 gamma-ray-loud blazars and a "control" sample of 15 gamma-ray-quite ones. The prime drive for the program has been the systematic study of the temporal behaviour of the optical polarisation and particularly the potential association of smooth and long rotations of the polarisation angle with flaring activity at high energies. Here we present the program and discuss a list of selected topics from our studies of the first three observing seasons (2013--2015) both in the angle and in the amplitude domain., 4th Annual Conference on High Energy Astrophysics in Southern Africa

33. Implicit Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Its Relationship With Reading in Childhood

Author: Elpis V. Pavlidou and Louisa Bogaerts
Subjects: Artificial grammar learning, Relation (database), media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:BF1-990, modality specificity, 050105 experimental psychology, artificial grammar learning, Task (project management), Correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, children, Phonological awareness, reading, Reading (process), Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, implicit statistical learning, General Psychology, media_common, Original Research, Modalities, Modality (human–computer interaction), 4. Education, 05 social sciences, reading fluency, lcsh:Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Implicit statistical learning (ISL) describes our ability to tacitly pick up regularities from our environment therefore, shaping our behavior. A broad understanding of ISL incorporates a great range of possible computations, which render it highly relevant to reading. In the light of this hypothesized relationship, ISL performance was explored in young (M = 8.47 years) typical readers (N = 31) across three different modalities (i.e., visual, auditory, and tactile) using the Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL) paradigm. Adopting repeated measures and correlational designs, the obtained data revealed modality constraints: (1) above-chance performance was observed on the visual and tactile tasks but not on the auditory task, (2) there was no significant correlation of ISL performance across modalities, and (3) split-half reliability of visual and auditory tasks was reasonably high, yet for the tactile task it was close to zero. Evaluating the relation between ISL ability and language skills, we observed a positive correlation between visual ISL performance and phonological awareness. We discuss these findings in view of current perspectives on the nature of ISL and its potential involvement in mastering successful (i.e., accurate and fluent) reading.
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34. The Peculiar Light Curve of J1415+1320: A Case Study in Extreme Scattering Events.

Author: H. K. Vedantham, A. C. S. Readhead, T. Hovatta, L. V. E. Koopmans, T. J. Pearson, R. D. Blandford, M. A. Gurwell, A. Lähteenmäki, W. Max-Moerbeck, V. Pavlidou, V. Ravi, R. A. Reeves, J. L. Richards, M. Tornikoski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: LIGHT curves, PECULIAR stars, SCATTERING (Physics), GRAVITATIONAL lenses, STELLAR parallax, EXTRAGALACTIC distances
Abstract: The radio light curve of J1415+1320 (PKS 1413+135) shows time-symmetric and recurring U-shaped features across the centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave bands. The symmetry of these features points to lensing by an intervening object as the cause. U-shaped events in radio light curves in the centimeter-wave band have previously been attributed to Extreme scattering events (ESE). ESEs are thought to be the result of lensing by compact plasma structures in the Galactic interstellar medium, but the precise nature of these plasma structures remains unknown. Since the strength of a plasma lens evolves with wavelength λ as , the presence of correlated variations at over a wide wavelength range casts doubt on the canonical ESE interpretation for J1415+1320. In this paper, we critically examine the evidence for plasma lensing in J1415+1320. We compute limits on the lensing strength and the associated free–free opacity of the putative plasma lenses. We compare the observed and model ESE light curves, and also derive a lower limit on the lens distance based on the effects of parallax due to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. We conclude that plasma lensing is not a viable interpretation for J1415+1320's light curves and that symmetric U-shaped features in the radio light curves of extragalactic sources do not present prima facie evidence for ESEs. The methodology presented here is generic enough to be applicable to any plasma-lensing candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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35. Symmetric Achromatic Variability in Active Galaxies: A Powerful New Gravitational Lensing Probe?

Author: H. K. Vedantham, A. C. S. Readhead, T. Hovatta, T. J. Pearson, R. D. Blandford, M. A. Gurwell, A. Lähteenmäki, W. Max-Moerbeck, V. Pavlidou, V. Ravi, R. A. Reeves, J. L. Richards, M. Tornikoski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: ACTIVE galaxies, ACHROMATISM, GRAVITATIONAL lenses, LIGHT curves, BLACK holes, INTERPLANETARY medium
Abstract: We report the discovery of a rare new form of long-term radio variability in the light curves of active galaxies (AG)—symmetric achromatic variability (SAV)—a pair of opposed and strongly skewed peaks in the radio flux density observed over a broad frequency range. We propose that SAV arises through gravitational milli-lensing when relativistically moving features in AG jets move through gravitational lensing caustics created by subhalo condensates or black holes located within intervening galaxies. The lower end of this mass range has been inaccessible with previous gravitational lensing techniques. This new interpretation of some AG variability can easily be tested and if it passes these tests, will enable a new and powerful probe of cosmological matter distribution on these intermediate-mass scales, as well as provide, for the first time, micro-arcsecond resolution of the nuclei of AG—a factor of 30–100 greater resolution than is possible with ground-based millimeter very-long-baseline interferometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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36. On the radio and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission connection in Fermi blazars

Author: Fabrizio Tavecchio, L. Costamante, Marcello Giroletti, Rocco Lico, Monica Orienti, Vasiliki Pavlidou, Filippo D'Ammando, ITA, USA, R. Lico, M. Giroletti, M. Orienti, L. Costamante, V. Pavlidou, F. D'Ammando, and F. Tavecchio
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Synchrotron, law.invention, law, Sky, High energy, gamma-ray, radio emission, correlation analysis, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Blazar, Cherenkov radiation, Radio wave, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, media_common
Abstract: The Fermi-LAT revealed that the census of the gamma-ray sky is dominated by blazars. Looking for a possible connection between radio and gamma-ray emission is a central issue for understanding the blazar physics, and various works were dedicated to this topic. However, while a strong and significant correlation was found between radio and gamma-ray emission in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range, the connection between radio and very high energy (VHE, E>0.1 TeV) emission is still elusive. The main reason is the lack of a homogeneous VHE sky coverage, due to the operational mode of the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. With the present work we aim to quantify and assess the significance of the possible connection between high-resolution radio emission, on milliarcsecond scale, and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission in blazars. For achieving our goal we extract two large and unbiased blazar samples from the 1FHL and 2FHL Fermi catalogs, above 10 GeV and 50 GeV, respectively. To investigate how the correlation evolves as the gamma-ray energy increases, we perform the same analysis by using the 0.1-300 GeV 3FGL gamma-ray energy fluxes. When we consider the 0.1-300 GeV gamma-ray energy range, we find a strong and significant correlation for all of the blazar sub-classes. Conversely, when we consider the gamma-ray emission above 10 GeV the correlation with the radio emission vanishes, with the exception of the blazar sub-class of high synchrotron peaked objects., 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. For the proceedings of the 7th International Fermi Symposium
Published: 2017

37. The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: E. J. Ahn, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Maria-Teresa Dova, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, T. Huege, A. Parra, E. Petermann, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. F. Barbosa, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, B. García, M. S. Sutherland, A. Filipcic, R. F. Gamarra, E. Moreno, S. R. Gozzini, Sofia Andringa, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Carola Dobrigkeit, I. Valiño, Christopher Morris, M. A. Muller, G. Marsella, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Kégl, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, H.O. Klages, Alan Watson, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, K. B. Barber, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, R. E. Burton, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, G. Rodriguez, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, K. Link, U. Fröhlich, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafá, Martin Erdmann, L. Valore, J. Allen, A. P. Ferguson, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ugo Giaccari, Dariusz Gora, G. P. Guedes, A. Gorgi, A. Shadkam, M. Palatka, J. Pe¸kala, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Karhan, V. Scherini, A. Lemiere, P. W. Younk, B. Keilhauer, Roger W Clay, M. Urban, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, B. Zamorano, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, K. Louedec, P. Gonçalves, Mariangela Settimo, S. J. Sciutto, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, J. L. Harton, Alexey Yushkov, Azadeh Keivani, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, Paul Sommers, N. Palmieri, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, C. Aramo, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Pierog, Dusan Mandat, O. Tascau, Brian Fick, P. Mantsch, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, D. Heck, Aaron S. Chou, Jose Chinellato, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Allard, P. Lautridou, A. C. Fauth, S. Jiraskova, F. Kuehn, S. Mollerach, E. Menichetti, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, Heino Falcke, Z. Szadkowski, T. Rossler, Vasiliki Pavlidou, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. R. Vázquez, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, E. Roulet, G. Wieczorek, M. Stephan, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. W. Cronin, A. Menshikov, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, J. D. Hague, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, T. Schmidt, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, Vincenzo Rizi, A. E. Herve, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Rautenberg, H. Schieler, D. Martello, H. Lyberis, C. Riviere, R. Ulrich, J. D. Swain, M. G. Winnick, L. R. Wiencke, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, B. Revenu, Karl-Heinz Kampert, T. Tarutina, J. Rosado, O. Krömer, J. Petrovic, H. J. Mathes, O. Wainberg, Antonella Castellina, E. Strazzeri, M. Ziolkowski, Domenico Tegolo, M. Ludwig, K. Weidenhaupt, Lorenzo Cazon, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, R. Bonino, Nataliia Borodai, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Marcos Santander, M. Prouza, O. Martínez Bravo, V. H. Ponce, P. Abreu, I. M. Pepe, Maria Rita Coluccia, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Golup, J. Kleinfeller, F. Suarez, N. Kunka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Sergio Dasso, H. Blümer, G. De La Vega, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Pimenta, D. Ravignani, B. Wilczyńska, Warner A. Miller, R. M. de Almeida, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, W. C. Brown, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, N. T. Thao, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, Luis A. Anchordoqui, G. Parente, M. Ave, E. Trovato, Daniel Kuempel, M. Gómez Berisso, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, R. C. Shellard, K. Kotera, J. Stapleton, J. Rodriguez Rojo, S. Maldera, E. Kemp, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Tonachini, M. Platino, H. R. Marquez Falcon, A. Tamashiro, F. Arqueros, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, A. Tapia, P. Necesal, L. Nožka, H. Gemmeke, Enrique Zas, A. D. Supanitsky, Y. Petrov, Hernán Asorey, P. Brogueira, C. Pfendner, D.V. Semikoz, M. Unger, Martina Bohacova, S. Westerhoff, J. Sorokin, T. Bäcker, D. Warner, C. E. Santo, R. D. Parsons, M. Wommer, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, A. Schmidt, H. Wahlberg, B. R. Becker, G. Tristram, T. Šuša, C. Di Giulio, N. Pacheco, F. Ionita, Fernando Contreras, Corbin Covault, R. Bruijn, Francisco J. Blanco, M. Ortiz, V. Marin, B. Gookin, B. Morales, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, S. J. De Jong, J. Chauvin, I. Zaw, D. B. Tridapalli, F. Gomez Albarracin, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, M. Avenier, A. Segreto, D. Thomas, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, A. Cordier, J. Coppens, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, E. J. Quel, S. Mueller, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, Radomir Smida, Béatrice Fuchs, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, A. Filevich, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, A. Ferrero, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, R. Pesce, J. C. dos Anjos, A. Bellétoile, J. Schovancova, G. Decerprit, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, D. Garcia-Pinto, P. T. Nhung, I. C. Mariş, Rúben Conceição, S. Fliescher, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Schiffer, S. Schulte, A. Curutiu, S. Gambetta, C. Lachaud, A. Italiano, R. Piegaia, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, A. Aminaei, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, K. Arisaka, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, M. Will, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Javier Tiffenberg, W. Tkaczyk, Ivor Fleck, Petr Schovanek, G. Yuan, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, A. Denkiewicz, T. Antičić, H. Schoorlemmer, E. Santos, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, M. Blanco, R. Pelayo, S. Navas, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, R. A. Vázquez, D. K. Tiwari, P. A. Kasper, L. Winders, S. Grebe, S. Petrera, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, T. Paul, M. Nyklicek, N. Phan, M. Pontz, G. Medina-Tanco, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Tonia M. Venters, Denise Boncioli, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, German Ros, N. Krohm, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, H. Wilczyński, Matthias Balzer, P. Billoir, M. Tueros, L. del Peral, W. Fulgione, O. Ravel, Peter L. Biermann, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, Paolo Privitera, M. Gold, H. Rivera, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Melo, U. Cotti, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, J. Parrisius, A. Weindl, Iván Sidelnik, M. Kaducak, G. Cataldi, V. Verzi, C. Meurer, H. Cook, J. K. Kulbartz, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, A. Della Selva, J. L. Navarro, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Daniel Gonzalez, M. Videla, E. Parizot, J. C. Diaz, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, Y. Guardincerri, B. Tome, M. McEwen, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, A. Stutz, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, H., Dembinski, A., Denkiewicz, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, D., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, A., Gascon, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, K., Gesterling, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, D., Góra, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovský, T., Huege, M., Hussain, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafá, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P. T., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R. D., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou c, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, N., Phan, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Rivière, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schüssler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, A., Smialkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, L., Winder, M. G., Winnick, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, A. V., Yushkov, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E.J, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arisaka, K, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Balzer, M, Barber, K.B, Barbosa, A.F, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S.L.C, Baughman, B, Beatty, J.J, Becker, B.R, Becker, K.H, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, J.A, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bergmann, T, Bertou, X, Biermann, P.L, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W.C, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R.E, Busca, N.G, Caballero-Mora, K.S, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J.A, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, R.W, Colombo, E, Coluccia, M.R, Conceião, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M.J, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, C.E, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B.R, De Almeida, R.M, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S.J, De La Vega, G, De Mello Junior, W.J.M, De Mello Neto, J.R.T, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K.D, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Della Selva, A, Dembinski, H, Denkiewicz, A, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, J.C, Díaz Castro, M.L, Diep, P.N, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J.C, Dong, P.N, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J.C, Dova, M.T, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C.O, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A.C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A.P, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C.E, Fraenkel, E.D, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, R.F, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gascon, A, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P.L, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M.S, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J.G, Gookin, B, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S.R, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, A.F, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G.P, Hague, J.D, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, J.L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A.E, Hojvat, C, Holmes, V.C, Homola, P, Hörandel, J.R, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kaducak, M, Kampert, K.H, Karhan, P, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J.L, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R.M, Klages, H.O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D.-H, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J.K, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leão, M.S.A.B, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M.A, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, MacCarone, M.C, MacOlino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A.G, Marin, V, Maris, I.C, Marquez Falcon, H.R, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, H.J, Matthews, J, Matthews, J.A.J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P.O, McEwen, M, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meurer, C, Mičanović, S, Micheletti, M.I, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J.C, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Mueller, S, Muller, M.A, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J.L, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nhung, P.T, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parrisius, J, Parsons, R.D, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I.M, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V.H, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E.J, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rivire, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, M.D, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A.C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, C.E, Santos, E, Santos, E.M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S.J, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R.C, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G.R, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A.D, Šuša, T, Sutherland, M.S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tarutina, T, Tacu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, N.T, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D.K, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C.J, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D.B, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J.F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A.M, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Vázquez, J.R, Vázquez, R.A, Veberič, D, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, A.A, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B.J, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, M.G, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Fluorescence detector, Data acquisition, Auger experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Settore INF/01 - Informatica, Cascada atmosférica extensa, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, trigger, exposure, fluorescence detector, hybrid, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Radiación cósmica, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Exposure, Nuclear physics, Optics, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Hybrid, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], flux, Trigger, Experimental High Energy Physics, business, SYSTEM
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ‘‘hybrid” detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2011

38. Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, M. I. Micheletti, J. Kleinfeller, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, M. Ave, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, M.E. Ortiz, J. Sorokin, G. Decerprit, J. Knapp, D. Nitz, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, Jan Pękala, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, L. del Peral, A. Creusot, Rúben Conceição, Pascal Lautridou, M. Wommer, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, P. Brogueira, Mariangela Settimo, A. Chiavassa, Miguel Mostafá, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, Carla Bleve, L. R. Wiencke, E. Santos, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, S. Gambetta, Peter Buchholz, D. Warner, S. Dagoret-Campagne, J. Rodriguez Martino, van den Ad M Berg, P. Schiffer, S. Schulte, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, Piotr Homola, N. Griffith, R. E. Burton, K. Louedec, R. Piegaia, R. D. Parsons, T. Rossler, M. Szuba, H. Glass, O. Tascau, A. C. Fauth, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, M. Ambrosio, A. Petrolini, Luis A. Anchordoqui, R. Bruijn, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, S. Fliescher, Lino Miramonti, P. Facal San Luis, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, J. Chauvin, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, N. Scharf, Marco Aglietta, Carola Dobrigkeit, R. F. Gamarra, H. Schieler, I. Valiño, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, C. L. Williams, H. Bluemer, H. M. Spinka, E. Moreno, Paul Sommers, G. Cataldi, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, V. Scherini, N. Phan, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, M. Risse, Radomir Smida, G. Mueller, J. D. Hague, M. De Domenico, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, T. Huege, P. Wahrlich, Jaime Rosado, Eun-Joo Ahn, Alan Watson, Darko Veberič, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, E. Kemp, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, Christopher Morris, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, Maria Rita Coluccia, M. Muenchmeyer, H. Schoorlemmer, Domenico Tegolo, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, B. García, M. Will, N. T. Thao, B. J. Whelan, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, G. Parente, A. Italiano, G. Matthiae, R. Cester, J. Alvarez Castillo, Fabian Schmidt, B. Wundheiler, H. R. Marquez Falcon, A. Tamashiro, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, D. Monnier Ragaigne, B. Morales, C. Pfendner, V. de Souza, Gregory R Snow, L. Perrone, D. Maurizio, D. Allard, Jiri Chudoba, A. Smialkowski, K. Link, E. Petermann, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, J. D. Swain, M. G. Winnick, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, B. Vargas Cárdenas, A. Tapia, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Pallotta, B. Wilczynska, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, Balázs Kégl, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, C. Aramo, M. Ludwig, B. Revenu, Martin Erdmann, C. Robledo, A. Haungs, J. L. Harton, Marcos Santander, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. De Donato, E. J. Quel, Markus Roth, R. Bonino, P. H. Kasper, B. Keilhauer, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, N. Palmieri, Heino Falcke, K. Kotera, M. S. Sutherland, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, B. Tome, P. Mantsch, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Sasa Micanovic, A. Criss, Maria Giller, J. R. Vázquez, Béatrice Fuchs, G. Navarra, Roger W Clay, S. Jiraskova, M. Hrabovsky, M. Gold, H. Rivera, P. Pieroni, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, N. Krohm, G. Wieczorek, T. Schmidt, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, D. Kruppke-Hansen, A. Filipcic, Jan Ebr, I. Zaw, Sergio Petrera, K.-H. Becker, C. A. Moura, Vincent Marin, T. Yamamoto, R. Mussa, Brian Fick, J. Oehlschlaeger, J. J. Beatty, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, F. Ionita, H. Wilczyński, J. K. Kulbartz, M. Avenier, Gualberto Avila, R. M. de Almeida, Ingomar Allekotte, L. Caramete, Silvia Mollerach, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, M. Pimenta, T. Baecker, L. Nozka, Umberto Cotti, H.O. Klages, I. De Mitri, Marcio Aparecido Muller, G. P. Guedes, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, A. Parr, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, J. Schovancova, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, L. Winders, S. Grebe, Sofia Andringa, G. Tristram, I. C. Mariş, Dusan Mandat, J. Stapleton, D.V. Semikoz, A. Shadkam, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Menshikov, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, A. P. Ferguson, P. N. Dong, Julien Aublin, R. Squartini, T. Paul, N. Kunka, Maurice Stephan, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Angela V. Olinto, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Philipp Mertsch, K. Gesterling, P. L. Ghia, S. Harmsma, Azadeh Keivani, U. Froehlich, C. Lachaud, Iván Sidelnik, G. Yuan, E. D. Fraenkel, Michael Urban, D. Heck, M. J. Coopers, F. Kuehn, E. Grashorn, Olivier Ravel, E. Menichetti, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, S. Westerhoff, G. Rodriguez, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. Cook, T. Antičić, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, F. Salamida, J. W. Cronin, G. Medina-Tanco, L. Nellen, K. Weidenhaupt, Pedro Assis, J. Petrovic, A. Etchegoyen, Javier Tiffenberg, A. C. Rovero, I. Lhenry-Yvon, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, P. Karhan, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, M. Blanco, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Sergio Dasso, B. Zamorano, M. Nyklicek, Warner A. Miller, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, Nataliia Borodai, A. Tonachini, Matthias Balzer, A. Denkiewicz, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, C. Riviere, Vincenzo Rizi, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Tueros, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Maria-Teresa Dova, V. Pirronello, Iuri Muniz Pepe, O. Martínez Bravo, Y. Guardincerri, M. Prouza, S. J. De Jong, M. Pontz, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, A. Curutiu, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Peter L. Biermann, T. Karova, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, H. Lyberis, D. Melo, A. Schmidt, M. Platino, M. Monasor, Denise Boncioli, V. H. Ponce, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Sato, F. Gomez Albarracin, German Ros, S. Navas, J. L. Navarro, Paolo Privitera, P. N. Diep, J. C. Diaz, D. Garcia-Pinto, R. Pelayo, M. Melissas, R. A. Vázquez, D. Nosek, J. L. Kelley, D. K. Tiwari, B. M. Baughman, N. Pacheco, F. Sanchez, M. S. A. B. Leão, A. Chou, F. Sarazin, Marc Weber, J. Parrisius, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, G. Marsella, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, A. Weindl, J. Rautenberg, Kreso Kadija, O. Wainberg, W. C. Brown, V. Verzi, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, E. Parizot, W. Tkaczyk, A. Lemiere, C. Meurer, B. R. Becker, E. Trovato, Diego Harari, C. Ruehle, E. M. Santos, Ralph Engel, Bruce R. Dawson, D. H. Koang, P.O. Mazur, J. Ridky, T. Susa, A. Stutz, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, T. Suomijaervi, S. Mueller, A. Dorofeev, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, H. J. Mathes, Lorenzo Cazon, G. De La Vega, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Enrique Zas, M. Videla, C. Di Giulio, G. Salina, Fernando Contreras, Olivier Deligny, M. Zavrtanik, A. Lopez Agueera, U. Giaccari, Petr Schovanek, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Bl̈mer, H., Boáčhová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Coluccia, M., Conceio, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Denkiewicz, A., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Daz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipi, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Frhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., Garca, B., Garca Gmez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gmez Berisso, M., Gonalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Gookin, B., Gra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hrandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovsk, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kampert, K., Karhan, P., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kgl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krmer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leo, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lpez, R., Lopez Agera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martnez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostaf, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mller, G., Mnchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Noka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschlger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rivire, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodrguez-Fras, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouill-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Rhle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Snchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovnek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Śmiakowski, A., Mda, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijrvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Ua, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tacu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tom, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valds Galicia, J., Valio, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Vargas Crdenas, B., Vzquez, J., Vzquez, R., Veberi, D., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyska, B., Wilczyski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, S., Argir, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, A., Bacher, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, H. J. M., Barbosa, N., Barenthien, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, E., Bollmann, H., Bolz, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, F., Bracci, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, D., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, J., Castro, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordero, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J. W., Cronin, J., Cuautle, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, F., Daudo, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Du Vernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gama rra, S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmekeai, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, K., Gibb, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P. F., Gomez Vitale, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, V., Grassi, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, J., Grygar, Y., Guardincerri, N., Guardone, C., Guerard, F., Guarino, R., Gumbsheimer, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, G., Hofman, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, H., Hucker, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, E., Kempq, H., Kern, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Kopmann, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leiguide Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, M., Malek, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, F., Marchetto, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O., Martineau, O., Martınez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, C. A., Moura, M., Mucchi, S., Mueller, M. . A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, F., Nerling, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, P. T., Nhung, D., Nicotra, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschlager, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, B., Oßwald, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, G., Raia, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, A., Redondo, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezendem, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, M. D., Robert, G., Rodriguez, J., Ro driguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodrıguez Fria, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. 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B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, E., Tusi, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, G., Vitali, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, N., Wild, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, G., Worner, H., Wuac, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M. Z. i. o. l. k. o. w. s. k., I., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Source code, Astronomy, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Observatory, Auger experiment, Radio detection, SOFTWARES (ANÁLISE), Instrumentation, cosmic rays, radio detection, analysis software, detector simulation, media_common, Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer hardware, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Analysis software, Detector simulation, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmic Ray, Nuclear physics, RAY AIR-SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, DETECTORS, Instrumentation (computer programming), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Software framework, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, EMISSION, business, computer, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS
Abstract: The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs ‘‘radio- hybrid’’ measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluorescence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on request., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2011

39. Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, M.E. Ortiz, L. Perrone, M. Gold, J. Chauvin, A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, A. Segreto, E. Santo, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Ralf Ulrich, R. E. Burton, G. De La Vega, Markus Risse, T. Tarutina, Paul M. Mantsch, E. Strazzeri, Radomir Smida, J. L. Navarro, G. Rodriguez, J. G. Gonzalez, A. Lopez Agüera, C. Delle Fratte, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Daniel Gonzalez, Azadeh Keivani, U. Froehlich, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Guarino, J. F. Valdés Galicia, S. Gambetta, A. Ferrero, Sergio Sciutto, Enrique Zas, I. M. Pepe, Peter Buchholz, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, R. Piegaia, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, H. Cook, J. W. Cronin, Nataliia Borodai, A. Anzalone, S. J. De Jong, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, A. Curutiu, H. Dembinski, M. Zavrtanik, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, J. S. Díaz, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, Balázs Kégl, A. D. Supanitsky, A. Tamashiro, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Petr Travnicek, T. Bergmann, Hernán Asorey, A. C. Rovero, F. Ionita, M. Prouza, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, V. de Souza, Fred Sarazin, Hermann-Josef Mathes, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, B. J. Whelan, A. Italiano, C. Bleve, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Bellétoile, H. Lyberis, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Decerprit, R. Cester, E. Moreno, L. Nozka, S. Riggi, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Michael DuVernois, D. Maurizio, G. Matthiae, A. Krieger, C. Aramo, J. Abraham, S. Parlati, L. del Peral, Richard Dallier, Christopher Morris, M. Hussain, G. Cataldi, Vincenzo Rizi, M. Platino, Rúben Conceição, Pascal Lautridou, M. Monasor, Warner A. Miller, Eun-Joo Ahn, Beatriz B. Siffert, P. Schiffer, Miguel Mostafá, L. Voyvodic, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Dariusz Gora, T. Rossler, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, V. H. Ponce, S. Harmsma, Esteban Roulet, V. Scherini, Osvaldo Catalano, F. Salamida, Fabian Schmidt, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Gualberto Avila, P. Bauleo, Ingomar Allekotte, Pham Ngoc Diep, Heino Falcke, Hernan Wahlberg, Dusan Mandat, C. E. Santo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, L. Nellen, G. Wieczorek, Marco Iarlori, T. Schmidt, S. Dagoret-Campagne, N. Scharf, Francisco J. Blanco, Michael Urban, Piera Luisa Ghia, Y. Guardincerri, N. Nierstenhoefer, F. Gomez Albarracin, O. Tascau, A. Redondo, D.V. Semikoz, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, Antonio Insolia, B. Wilczynska, L. Valore, J. D. Swain, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Angela V. Olinto, J. Parrisius, K. Louedec, A. Schmidt, E. D. Fraenkel, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Tamburro, R. M. de Almeida, M. G. Winnick, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, Markus Roth, B. Keilhauer, S. L. C. Barroso, Maria-Teresa Dova, D. Monnier Ragaigne, A. Gorgi, Marcos Santander, R. Pelayo, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, W. Fulgione, A. Della Selva, Ernesto Arganda, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, C. Pfendner, I. Zaw, J. R. Hoerandel, V. Halenka, B. Tome, Peter Mazur, A. Smialkowski, H. Schieler, N. Kunka, M. Kaducak, J. Knapp, Peter L. Biermann, E. Petermann, S. Mueller, J. L. Kelley, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, M. C. Maccarone, A. Criss, Maria Giller, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Graciela B. Gelmini, N. Palmieri, S. Jiraskova, Vincent Marin, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Mariangela Settimo, Paolo Privitera, Alexey Yushkov, A. Dorofeev, Tonia M. Venters, Valerio Pirronello, K. Arisaka, M. S. Sutherland, U. Giaccari, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, T. Suomijärvi, N. Pacheco, J. Pallotta, C. Meurer, A. Menshikov, E. J. Quel, E. Trovato, R. Pesce, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Filipcic, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Corbin Covault, Diego Harari, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Y. Petrov, Piotr Homola, S. R. Gozzini, R. Knapik, A. Chou, P. Facal San Luis, G. Tristram, B. L. Lago, Sofia Andringa, M. Palatka, Petr Schovanek, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, S. Fliescher, R. Mussa, S. Westerhoff, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, K. B. Barber, L. Villaseñor, Pedro Assis, P. W. Younk, M. Blanco, J. J. Beatty, D. Nitz, Lino Miramonti, Silvia Mollerach, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, E. M. Santos, L. R. Wiencke, C. L. Williams, A. Etchegoyen, H. Bluemer, H. M. Spinka, P. T. Nhung, Javier Tiffenberg, D. Nosek, N. Fazzini, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, A. Parra, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, A. Haungs, H. Wilczyński, Jaime Rosado, Julien Aublin, S. Grebe, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. A. S. Rezende, Ivor Fleck, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, B. Morales, B. García, Mario Scuderi, T. Paul, C. De Donato, S. Navas, Tobias Winchen, M. Melissas, P. Lebrun, G. Yuan, G. Marsella, Matias Tueros, Olivier Ravel, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. Grashorn, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Navarra, E. Menichetti, T. Antičić, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, Kreso Kadija, T. Yamamoto, R. A. Vázquez, G. Parente, John G. Lee, E. Parizot, Ernesto Kemp, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, V. Verzi, Brian Fick, J. Oehlschlaeger, G. Medina-Tanco, W. Tkaczyk, M. Nyklicek, M. Ludwig, D. Martello, H. R. Marquez Falcon, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M. Pontz, Martin Erdmann, F. Schuessler, S. Petrera, Subir Sarkar, Carola Dobrigkeit, R. F. Gamarra, I. Valiño, P. Wahrlich, Roger W Clay, Alexander Kusenko, Maurice Stephan, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, D. Allard, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Alan Watson, M. Mcewen, B. Revenu, A. Tonachini, T. Baecker, J. R. Vázquez, Domenico Tegolo, J. Kleinfeller, Alessandro Petrolini, J. Schovancova, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, C. Lachaud, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, P. Brogueira, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jiri Chudoba, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, S. Schulte, Vasiliki Pavlidou, Lisa M. Goggin, John N. Matthews, R. Bruijn, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, M. Ambrosio, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, O. Wainberg, W. C. Brown, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. Schoorlemmer, R. D. Parsons, Guenter Sigl, Umberto Cotti, H.O. Klages, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, Gaetano Salina, Paul Sommers, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, R. Bonino, J. D. Hague, M. De Domenico, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Maria Rita Coluccia, Martina Bohacova, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, Miroslav Hrabovsky, J. Sorokin, M. Unger, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, M. Videla, Germano Guedes, Olivier Deligny, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ioana Codrina Maris, A. Lemiere, B. R. Becker, F. Kuehn, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, T. Susa, A. Stutz, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, Charles Timmermans, C. Riviere, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, K. Kulbartz, D. 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G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe ̧kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santo, E., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šua, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Auger Observatory, Extensive air showers, Trigger, Exposure, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, High-Energy Cosmi Ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Acceptance and Trigger Efficiency, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High energy, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], AIR SHOWERS, Aperture, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Cosmic Ray, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Optics, ultra high energy, cosmic rays, Auger Observatory, extensive airshowers, trigger exposure, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, Surface Detector, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive airshowers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidates howers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 1018 eV, for all zenith angles between 03 and 603, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In the serange of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2010

40. Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Author: M. Videla, M. Avenier, L. Nožka, G. Cataldi, I. Lhenry-Yvon, M. G. Winnick, Marcos Santander, Peter Mazur, Tanguy Pierog, J. Knapp, L. del Peral, L. Caramete, H. Gemmeke, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, R. Mussa, Ivor Fleck, K. Louedec, G. Yuan, B. Zamorano, Azadeh Keivani, M.E. Ortiz, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Ralf Ulrich, Paul M. Mantsch, Anderson Fauth, S. Gambetta, R. Piegaia, N. Nierstenhoefer, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Alexander Schmidt, K. Arisaka, U. Giaccari, Petr Schovanek, J. W. Cronin, Nataliia Borodai, A. Śmiałkowski, Dusan Mandat, Ioana Codrina Maris, Ricardo Vázquez, B. R. Becker, Moritz Münchmeyer, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, E. Moreno, T. Susa, A. Stutz, Christopher Morris, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, L. Winders, S. Grebe, Matias Tueros, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, E. Grashorn, T. Paul, T. Antičić, Olivier Ravel, E. Menichetti, A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, R. E. Burton, R. M. de Almeida, Dariusz Gora, T. Rossler, Fabian Schmidt, K. Link, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Maria-Teresa Dova, Paul Sommers, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, J. D. Hague, M. De Domenico, Maria Rita Coluccia, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Sergio Sciutto, Federico Suarez, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, R. Pesce, B. M. Baughman, A. Chou, M. Platino, M. Monasor, Markus Roth, J. F. Valdés Galicia, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, C. Macolino, J. Oehlschläger, B. J. Whelan, A. Lopez Agüera, D. Maurizio, Domenico Tegolo, P. W. Younk, T. Bäcker, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, Fausto Guarino, C. Aramo, John Matthews, C. Morello, Peter Buchholz, Francisco J. Blanco, V. H. Ponce, R. Sato, Jiri Chudoba, Carola Dobrigkeit, R. F. Gamarra, I. Valiño, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, Pham Ngoc Diep, A. Lemiere, H. Glass, F. Gomez Albarracin, V. Scherini, P. Wahrlich, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Alan Watson, W. Fulgione, Marco Aglietta, Heino Falcke, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Bellétoile, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, Jonny Kleinfeller, A. Gorgi, J. Alvarez Castillo, G. Decerprit, Glennys R. Farrar, Jose Chinellato, Tonia M. Venters, P. Gonalves, D. Garcia-Pinto, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. E. Fracchiolla, G. Wieczorek, T. Schmidt, D. D'Urso, Peter L. Biermann, Gualberto Avila, K. Kotera, Ingomar Allekotte, Miroslav Palatka, Angela V. Olinto, Valerio Pirronello, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Corinne Berat, S. J. De Jong, E. Parizot, C. E. Santo, Pascal Lautridou, P. Schiffer, D. Thomas, A. Curutiu, N. Palmieri, S. Jiraskova, Vincent Marin, N. Krohm, Paolo Privitera, Vasiliki Pavlidou, W. Tkaczyk, S. Schulte, F. Arqueros, J. Pȩkala, P. Necesal, A. Menshikov, Martina Bohacova, Lorenzo Cazon, P. Billoir, Zbigniew Szadkowski, M. Gold, H. Rivera, S. Mueller, Rodrigo Pelayo, P. Karhan, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, C. Lachaud, C. Meurer, T. Karova, J. Sorokin, Graciela B. Gelmini, E. Trovato, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. Schoorlemmer, W. C. Brown, J. Lozano Bahilo, John Swain, Guenter Sigl, Markus Risse, U. Cotti, A. Dorofeev, B. Gookin, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, T. Tarutina, K. Weidenhaupt, Matthias Kleifges, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Germano Guedes, Olivier Deligny, Alexander Grillo, S. Fliescher, E. Petermann, E. M. Santos, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, A. Tapia, Balázs Kégl, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, Lino Miramonti, C. Rivire, M. Unger, L. Villaseñor, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, O. Tacu, Jose A. Bellido, Bruce R. Dawson, J. S. Díaz, Rémi Bardenet, M. Zavrtanik, A. Della Selva, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, Henryk Wilczyński, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, Tim Huege, M. Wommer, Ernesto Arganda, L. Martin, P. Gouffon, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Y. Guardincerri, Gaetano Salina, Petr Travnicek, F. Ionita, M. S. Sutherland, Jaime Rosado, K. B. Barber, J. L. Kelley, A. Italiano, L. R. Wiencke, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, R. Cester, Danilo Zavrtanik, S. R. Gozzini, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, G. De La Vega, B. Morales, Darko Veberič, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, C. Robledo, G. La Rosa, E. Strazzeri, Sofia Andringa, B. Vargas Cárdenas, D. K. Tiwari, J. A.J. Matthews, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, Xavier Bertou, N. Pacheco, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Bianca Keilhauer, B. Tome, Pedro Assis, Béatrice Fuchs, M. Blanco, Javier Tiffenberg, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Jan Ridky, Enrique Zas, I. M. Pepe, C. Di Giulio, R. Bonino, Fernando Contreras, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, A. Denkiewicz, M. Nyklicek, M. McEwen, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, S. Navas, F. Kuehn, M. C. Maccarone, M. Melissas, E. Colombo, Hernan Wahlberg, D. Kruppke-Hansen, A. Filipčič, Javier Gonzalez, D. Nosek, M. Will, G. Marsella, E. D. Fraenkel, Marcio Aparecido Muller, J. Parrisius, Jan Ebr, Sergio Petrera, G. Parente, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, D. Allard, A. Weindl, Subir Sarkar, B. Revenu, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, A. Gascon, E. Santos, Denise Boncioli, G. Golup, J. K. Kulbartz, Kreso Kadija, G. Tristram, U. Fröhlich, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, J. R. Vázquez, German Ros, H. R. Marquez Falcon, V. Verzi, M. Kaducak, Mariangela Settimo, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, Pedro Brogueira, Alexey Yushkov, Miguel Mostafá, J. Schovancova, M. L. Díaz Castro, J. L. Navarro, H. Blümer, R. Conceião, Piotr Homola, Daniel Gonzalez, P. Facal San Luis, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Maurice Stephan, C. L. Williams, H. M. Spinka, O. Krömer, S. Riggi, A. P. Ferguson, M. Pimenta, A. Tonachini, F. Salamida, J. Stapleton, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Daniel Kuempel, M. Ludwig, Martin Erdmann, Beatriz García, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, Roger W Clay, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, R. Bruijn, Richard Dallier, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, C. De Donato, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, Warner A. Miller, Antonio Insolia, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, I. Zaw, B. Wilczynska, Sasa Micanovic, A. Criss, Maria Giller, M. Pontz, R. López, A. Shadkam, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Esteban Roulet, Osvaldo Catalano, Piera Luisa Ghia, L. Perrone, J. Chauvin, A. Segreto, Radomir Smida, D. Melo, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, R. D. Parsons, Alberto Etchegoyen, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, N. Scharf, A. Tamashiro, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, C. Pfendner, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, H. Dembinski, G. Matthiae, M. Ambrosio, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, D. Martello, G. Rodriguez, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Vincenzo Rizi, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, H. Cook, N. Phan, Eun-Joo Ahn, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, H., Dembinski, A., Denkiewicz, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, D., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, A., Gascon, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, K., Gesterling, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, D., Góra, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovský, T., Huege, M., Hussain, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafá, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P. T., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R. D., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou c, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, N., Phan, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Rivière, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schüssler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, A., Smialkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, L., Winder, M. G., Winnick, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, C. o. l. l. a. b. o. r. a. t. i. o. n., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceião, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Dembinski, H., Denkiewicz, A., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gascon, A., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karhan, P., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Mcewen, M., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, C., Mičanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nhung, P., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parrisius, J., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rivire, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tarutina, T., Tacu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Ultra High Energy Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Observatory, law, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], UHECR, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, GZK, Anisotropía, GALAXIES, NEUTRINOS, Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, HIPASS CATALOG, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Active galactic nucleus, Radiación Cósmica, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Correlation with astrophysical sources, Extra-galactic, Sky, Experimental High Energy Physics
Abstract: Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, 6 x 10(19) eV. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than 3.1 degrees from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the Veron-Cetty and Veron 12th catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is (38(-6)(+7))%, compared with 21% expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of (69-(+11)(13))%. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation., We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-1NSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucia, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC/ HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010

41. Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10^18 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, T. Tarutina, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Nosek, R. E. Burton, M. Gómez Berisso, Ioana Codrina Maris, D. Allard, C. De Donato, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, R. C. Shellard, G. Marsella, S. Mueller, B. R. Becker, C. Lachaud, A. Dorofeev, B. Revenu, U. Fröhlich, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, R. Bonino, H. Dembinski, Kreso Kadija, V. Verzi, J. R. Vázquez, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Gold, C. Rivière, L. Villaseñor, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, J. Kleinfeller, C. Hojvat, C. Macolino, Jan Ebr, S. Grebe, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, M. Nyklicek, A. Creusot, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, D. Harari, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, J. Oehlschläger, H.O. Klages, R. Squartini, E. Colombo, Lisa M. Goggin, R. Bruijn, Richard Dallier, Hernan Wahlberg, T. Susa, A. Stutz, J. Schovancova, L. Nožka, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, A. Gorgi, T. Paul, B. J. Whelan, Carola Dobrigkeit, D. Maurizio, R. F. Gamarra, I. Valiño, A. Krieger, L. Caramete, M. Hussain, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, Subir Sarkar, Alexander Kusenko, Olivier Ravel, E. Menichetti, K.-H. Becker, C. Aramo, Alan Watson, Esteban Roulet, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, E. Santos, M.E. Ortiz, E. D. Fraenkel, H. J. Mathes, E. Moreno, A. Della Selva, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Denise Boncioli, K. Payet, Pham Ngoc Diep, G. De La Vega, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, B. L. Lago, Martina Bohacova, Jörg R. Hörandel, German Ros, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, V. Pirronello, A. Śmiałkowski, Christopher Morris, J. Sorokin, Heino Falcke, Miroslav Hrabovský, Iuri Muniz Pepe, G. Matthiae, N. Palmieri, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, John G. Lee, E. Parizot, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Rodriguez Rojo, D. Schuster, M. Pimenta, A. Haungs, A. Bellétoile, J. L. Harton, C. E. Santo, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. J. De Jong, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Ralf Ulrich, M. Ambrosio, G. Wieczorek, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, Marco Iarlori, T. Schmidt, Enrique Zas, P. Mantsch, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, E. Petermann, Corbin Covault, D. García Gámez, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, Y. Petrov, A. Curutiu, S. Fliescher, R. Pelayo, A. Redondo, D.V. Semikoz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Lino Miramonti, A. Petrolini, Warner A. Miller, F. A. S. Rezende, Markus Roth, Z. Szadkowski, W. Tkaczyk, S. Jiraskova, J. L. Kelley, C. Di Giulio, L. del Peral, S. Riggi, Kai Daumiller, Miroslav Pech, Vincent Marin, Fernando Contreras, A. Menshikov, M. Grigat, Maurice Stephan, Gualberto Avila, P. Bauleo, Dusan Mandat, A. Tamburro, B. Keilhauer, S. Gambetta, Dariusz Gora, J. Pȩkala, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, A. Tonachini, R. Piegaia, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Petr Travnicek, M. S. Sutherland, N. Pacheco, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, A. Italiano, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, A. C. Fauth, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, Angela V. Olinto, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, G. Cataldi, T. Karova, H. Lyberis, D. Tcherniakhovski, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Lucero, T. Rossler, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, R. M. de Almeida, G. La Rosa, L. Valore, J. Parrisius, Miguel Mostafá, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, S. R. Gozzini, T. Bergmann, M. Videla, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, J. A.J. Matthews, K. Louedec, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Blanco, D. Nitz, Sofia Andringa, B. García, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Xavier Bertou, R. Knapik, Azadeh Keivani, V. C. Holmes, M. Prouza, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Jaime Rosado, P. Abreu, M. Kaducak, S. Westerhoff, D. Ravignani, A. Chiavassa, D. H. Koang, Jose Chinellato, I. Zaw, Ivor Fleck, S. Dagoret-Campagne, K. Arisaka, F. Salamida, U. Giaccari, J. D. Swain, G. Rodriguez, M. Ludwig, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, J. W. Cronin, A. Etchegoyen, H. Schieler, D. Heck, K. B. Barber, L. R. Wiencke, Pedro Brogueira, S. Navas, B. M. Baughman, M. Melissas, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, M. G. Winnick, Javier Tiffenberg, Petr Schovanek, A. Letessier-Selvon, Marcos Santander, F. Kuehn, R. Cester, D. Melo, R. A. Vázquez, Martin Erdmann, Antonella Castellina, M. Risse, E. Strazzeri, E. Grashorn, T. Antičić, M. Platino, B. Morales, A. Chou, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Lorenzo Cazon, A. Filipčič, O. Taşcǎu, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Nataliia Borodai, M. Monasor, Roger W Clay, Mariangela Settimo, M. Palatka, F. Sarazin, P. W. Younk, K. Kulbartz, S. Petrera, Domenico Tegolo, C. Meurer, K. H. Kampert, Alexey Yushkov, T. Bäcker, Francisco J. Blanco, V. H. Ponce, F. Gomez Albarracin, V. Scherini, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, R. Sato, H. Blümer, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, A. Schmidt, Paul Sommers, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, P. Gouffon, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Balázs Kégl, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, A. D. Supanitsky, V. Halenka, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, C. L. Williams, H. M. Spinka, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, O. Krömer, J. D. Hague, Tonia M. Venters, F. Ionita, M. De Domenico, Marcio Aparecido Muller, E. Trovato, J. G. Gonzalez, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Alberto Filevich, J. L. Navarro, G. Golup, Peter Hansen, N. Kunka, G. Tristram, Daniel Gonzalez, C. J. Todero Peixoto, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Maria Rita Coluccia, H. Glass, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Marco Aglietta, G. Decerprit, Rúben Conceição, Pascal Lautridou, J. C. Diaz, Beatriz B. Siffert, P. Schiffer, Michael DuVernois, S. Parlati, S. Schulte, E. M. Santos, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, Y. Guardincerri, H. Wilczyński, Bruce R. Dawson, B. Tome, P.O. Mazur, M. McEwen, M. C. Maccarone, G. Parente, H. R. Marquez Falcon, N. Scharf, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Tamashiro, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, C. Pfendner, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, J. Abraham, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, N. Fazzini, Julien Aublin, J. F. Valdés Galicia, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Schroeder, J. C. dos Anjos, L. Voyvodic, D. Garcia-Pinto, Onofrio A. Catalano, U. Cotti, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, H. Cook, R. D. Parsons, B. Wundheiler, L. Nellen, C. Morello, B. Wilczynska, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, Gregory R Snow, A. Lemiere, P. H. Kasper, M. S. A. B. Leão, W. Fulgione, O. Blanch-Bigas, Sasa Micanovic, Vasiliki Pavlidou, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, A. Criss, M. Pontz, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, Peter L. Biermann, W. C. Brown, G. P. Guedes, Paolo Privitera, J. Chauvin, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, Eun-Joo Ahn, Michael Urban, François Montanet, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Radomir Smida, C. Delle Fratte, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, A. Parra, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Allard, D., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arisaka, K., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Busca, N., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Colombo, E., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., de Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W., de Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Hague, J., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., 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T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Toderopeixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J., Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., Vandenberg, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., William, T., Winchen, M. G., Winnick, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Radiación Cósmica, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy spectrum, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, SURFACE DETECTOR, UPPER LIMIT, ENERGIA, PHOTON FRACTION, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Auger, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, Observatory, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, High-Energy Cosmic Ray, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Spectral density, Física, ELECTRONS, 3. Good health, Energy spectrum, SIMULATION, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, ARRAY, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SYSTEM
Abstract: We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and Statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one Surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10(18) eV We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular. the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E-gamma with index gamma = 3 3 below the ankle which is measured at log(10)(E-ankle/eV) = 18 6 Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2 6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log(10)(E/eV) = 19 5, detected with high statistical significance., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2010

42. Limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: D. Melo, M. Videla, A. F. Barbosa, M. Ave, I. Torres, J. Matthews, L. Caramete, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, Tonia M. Venters, B. Connolly, R. E. Burton, Eun-Joo Ahn, C. E. Fracchiolla, G. Farrar, R. R. McNeil, B. Rouillé-D’Orfeuil, Ivor Fleck, C. Morello, W. Fulgione, Fabrizio Ortolani, Peter L. Biermann, M. Kaducak, Paolo Privitera, Jose Chinellato, Pedro Brogueira, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, H. Dembinski, J. L. Navarro, Daniel Gonzalez, A. Schmidt, Ofelia Pisanti, Christopher Morris, Dariusz Gora, M. Gold, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, A. Tonachini, R. M. de Almeida, B. J. Whelan, D. Maurizio, J. C. Diaz, Markus Risse, U. Cotti, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, L. Nožka, R. Ticona, J. Pochon, C. Aramo, Pham Ngoc Diep, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, B. Wilczynska, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, H. Wilczyński, E. Strazzeri, G. Hebrero, Heino Falcke, I. Valiño, S. Grebe, S. Navas, M.E. Ortiz, G. Wieczorek, J. G. Gonzalez, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, R. Bruijn, A. Krieger, M. Melissas, B. Wundheiler, A. Gorgi, Y. Guardincerri, H. Wu, B. Keilhauer, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, G. Tristram, B. L. Lago, R. Mussa, C. Aguirre, Alberto Filevich, Maria-Teresa Dova, T. Paul, R. A. Vázquez, Marco Iarlori, T. Schmidt, S. Reucroft, Esteban Roulet, Peter Hansen, Olivier Deligny, A. Filipčič, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, A. Criss, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, F. Guarino, Peter Buchholz, M. Pontz, B. Tome, V. Van Elewyck, D. D'Urso, J. J. Beatty, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, A. Della Selva, F. Sarazin, J. Coppens, E. Menichetti, John G. Lee, S. J. De Jong, E. Parizot, C. E. Santo, Ralf Ulrich, H. Glass, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, N. Pacheco, N. Fazzini, S. Petrera, Marco Aglietta, Antonio Velarde, G. P. Guedes, F. Arneodo, D. Allard, G. Medina-Tanco, W. Tkaczyk, M. McEwen, Pierre Billoir, D. Thomas, S. Jiraskova, B. M. Baughman, D. Nitz, A. C. Fauth, M. C. Maccarone, Ioana Codrina Maris, B. Revenu, A. Curutiu, Rodrigo Pelayo, S. Coutu, D. Nosek, C. Bonifazi, A. Lemiere, D. Dornic, A. Chiavassa, K. B. Barber, L. del Peral, Jose A. Bellido, B. R. Becker, A. Chou, E. Trovato, A. F. Grillo, E. Colombo, Julien Aublin, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, O. Blanch-Bigas, M. Palatka, D. Harari, Matthias Leuthold, P. W. Younk, B. E. Smith, Ralph Engel, L. R. Wiencke, R. Meyhandan, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, D. H. Koang, E. Petermann, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Jaime Rosado, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, S. Riggi, S. Westerhoff, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Petrovic, Osvaldo Catalano, A. Menshikov, Dusan Mandat, R. Cester, E. M. Santos, Tristan Beau, A. Stutz, J. Schovancova, S. Gambetta, Michael Urban, Piera Luisa Ghia, Subir Sarkar, C. Lachaud, Alexander Kusenko, V. Verzi, M. Patel, J. Pȩkala, B. Morales, T. Asch, M. S. Sutherland, L. Perrone, J. Chauvin, A. Segreto, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, P.O. Mazur, German Ros, A. Tamburro, O. Taşcǎu, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, N. Scharf, Hernan Wahlberg, Daniel Omar Badagnani, F. Salamida, A. Bellétoile, S. Mueller, G. Matthiae, Antonio Bueno, R. Piegaia, A. Smialkowski, Radomir Smida, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Karova, Francesc Ferrer, Sofia Andringa, J. D. Swain, A. Haungs, E. D. Fraenkel, C. Delle Fratte, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, Sergio Pastor, A. Tamashiro, M. Ambrosio, A. Petrolini, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, M. Monasor, G. Rodriguez, M. G. Winnick, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Marcos Santander, J. L. Harton, L. Villaseñor, C. Pfendner, M. Prouza, A. Anzalone, Gualberto Avila, V. de Souza, P. Bauleo, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, P. Mantsch, F. A. S. Rezende, Z. Szadkowski, I. Allekotte, P. Abreu, G. De La Vega, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, Angela V. Olinto, D. Tcherniakhovski, D. Ravignani, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Rodriguez Rojo, K. Arisaka, C. Macolino, J. Oehlschläger, Enrique Zas, A. Dorofeev, C. Di Giulio, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Fernando Contreras, J. Abraham, C. J. 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THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - 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J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, S., Argiro, K., Arisaka, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Belletoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, J., Chye, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, 2 S., Gambetta, B., Garcıa, D., Garcıa Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, V., Halenka, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kruppke, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, M. S. A. B., Leao, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, R., Luna Garcıa, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Martello, Daniele, J., Martınez, O., Martinez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. 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D., Rodrıguez Frıa, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, B., Rouille d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovanek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schussler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smiałkowski, R., Smıda, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, R., Ticona, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome, A., Tonachini, I., Torre, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, V., Tuci, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, H., Wu, B., Wundheiler, P., Younk, G., Yuan, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowsk, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, ASTROPHYSICS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, PROPAGATION, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Lepton, Spectral line, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Auger, SEARCH, Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, OSCILLATIONS, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), AIR-SHOWERS, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, tau neutrinos, Diffuse flux, PERFORMANCE, COSMIC-RAYS, cosmic radiation, 13. Climate action, TELESCOPES, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory are used to establish an upper limit on the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos in the cosmic radiation. Earth-skimming ντ may interact in the Earth's crust and produce a τ lepton by means of charged-current interactions. The τ lepton may emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a typical signature, a persistent electromagnetic component even at very large atmospheric depths. The search procedure to select events induced by τ decays against the background of normal showers induced by cosmic rays is described. The method used to compute the exposure for a detector continuously growing with time is detailed. Systematic uncertainties in the exposure from the detector, the analysis, and the involved physics are discussed. No τ neutrino candidates have been found. For neutrinos in the energy range 2 × 10¹⁷ eV < Eν < 2 × 10¹⁹ eV, assuming a diffuse spectrum of the form E⁻²ν, data collected between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2008 yield a 90% confidence-level upper limit of E²νdNντ / dEν < 9 × 10⁻⁸ GeV cm⁻² s⁻¹ sr⁻¹., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2009

43. Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon fraction at EeV energies from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Abraham, J., Abreub, P., Agliettaav, M., Aguirrek, C., Ahnbz, E. J., Allardaa, D., Allekottea, I., Allencc, J., Allisonce, P., Alvarez Muñizbr, J., Ambrosioaq, M., Anchordoquico, L., Andringabk, S., Anzaloneau, A., Aramoaq, C., Argiróat, S., Arisakach, K., Arneodoaw, F., Arquerosbo, F., Aschah, T., Asoreya, H., Assisbk, P., Aublinac, J., Aveci, M., Avilai, G., Bäckeral, T., Badagnanie, D., Barberj, K. B., Barbosam, A. F., Barrosor, S. L. C., Baughmance, B., Bauleobx, P., Beattyce, J. J., Beauaa, T., Beckercl, B. R., Beckeraf, K. H., Bellétoilead, A., Bellidoj, J. A., Benzvicn, S., Beratad, C., Bernardiniap, P., Bertoua, X., Biermannai, P. L., Billoirac, P., Blanch Bigasac, O., Blancobo, F., Bleveap, C., Blümerak, H., Boháčováci, M., X, Bonifaziac, C., M, Bonino, Raffaella, Brackbx, J., Brogueirabk, P., Brownby, W. C., Bruijnbt, R., Buchholzal, P., Buenobq, A., Burtonbv, R. E., Buscaaa, N. G., Caballero Moraak, K. S., Carameteai, L., Carusoas, R., Carvalhoo, W., Castellinaav, A., Catalanoau, O., Cazonci, L., Cester, Rosanna, Chauvinad, J., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellatop, J. A., Choubz, A., Chudobax, J., Chyecb, J., Clayj, R. W., Colombob, E., Conceiçãobk, R., Connollycm, B., Contrerash, F., Coppensbe, J., Cordierab, A., Cottibc, U., Coutucf, S., Covaultbv, C. E., Creusotbm, A., Crisscf, A., Croninci, J., Curutiuai, A., Dagoret Campagneab, S., Daumillerag, K., Dawsonj, B. R., de Almeidap, R. M., De Domenicoas, M., De Donatoao, C., de Jongbe, S. J., De La Vegag, G., de Mello Juniorp, W. J. M., de Mello Netou, J. R. T., De Mitriap, I., de Souzao, V., Decerpritaa, G., del Peralbp, L., Delignyz, O., Della Selvaaq, A., Delle Frattear, C., Dembinskiaj, H., Di Giulioar, C., Diazcb, J. C., Diepcp, P. N., Dobrigkeitp, C., D’Olivobd, J. C., Dongcp, P. N., Dornicz, D., Dorofeevca, A., dos Anjosm, J. C., Dovae, M. T., D’Ursoaq, D., Dutanai, I., Duvernoiscj, M. A., Engelag, R., Erdmannaj, M., Escobarp, C. O., Etchegoyenb, A., Facal San Luisci, P., Falckebe, H., Farrarcc, G., Fauthp, A. C., Fazzinibz, N., Ferrerbv, F., Ferrerob, A., Fickcb, B., Filevichb, A., Filipčičbl, A., Fleckal, I., Fliescheraj, S., Fracchiollan, C. E., Fraenkelbf, E. D., Fulgioneav, W., Gamarrab, R. F., Gambettaam, S., Garcíag, B., García Gámezbq, D., Garcia Pintobo, D., Garridoag, X., Gelminich, G., Gemmekeah, H., Ghiaz, P. L., Giaccariap, U., Gillerbj, M., Glassbz, H., Gogginco, L. M., Goldcl, M. S., Golupa, G., Gomez Albarracine, F., Gómez Berissoa, M., Gonçalvesbk, P., Gonçalves do Amaralv, M., Gonzalezak, D., Gonzalezbq, J. G., Góraak, D., Gorgi, Alessio, Gouffono, P., Grebebe, S., Grigataj, M., Grilloaw, A. F., Guardincerrid, Y., Guarinoaq, F., Guedesq, G. P., Gutiérrezbp, J., H˙aguecl, J. D., Halenkay, V., Hansene, P., Hararia, D., Harmsmabf, S., Hartonbx, J. L., Haungsag, A., Healych, M. D., Hebbekeraj, T., Hebrerobp, G., Heckag, D., Hojvatbz, C., Holmesj, V. C., Homolabi, P., Hörandelbe, J. R., Hornefferbe, A., Hrabovskýy, M., Huegeag, T., Hussainbm, M., Iarlorian, M., Insoliaas, A., Ionitaci, F., Italianoas, A., Jiraskovabe, S., Kaducakbz, M., Kampertaf, K. H., Karovax, T., Kasperbz, P., Kéglab, B., Keilhauerag, B., Kempp, E., Kieckhafercb, R. M., Klagesag, H. O., Kleifgesah, M., Kleinfellerag, J., Knapikbx, R., Knappbt, J., Koangad, D. H., Kriegerb, A., Krömerah, O., Kruppkeaf, D., Kuempelaf, D., Kunkaah, N., Kusenkoch, A., La Rosaau, G., Lachaudaa, C., Lagou, B. L., Leãot, M. S. A. B., Lebrunad, D., Lebrunbz, P., Leech, J., Leigui de Oliveirat, M. A., Lemierez, A., Letessier Selvonac, A., Leutholdaj, M., Lhenry Yvonz, I., Lópezax, R., Lopez Agüerabr, A., Lozano Bahilobq, J., Luceroav, A., Luna Garcíaay, R., Maccaroneau, M. C., Macolinoan, C., Malderaav, S., Mandatx, D., Mantschbz, P., Mariazzie, A. G., Marisak, I. C., Marquez Falconbc, H. R., Martelloap, D., Martínezay, J., Martínez Bravoax, O., Mathesag, H. J., Matthewsca, J., Matthewscl, J. A. J., Matthiaear, G., Maurizioat, D., Mazurbz, P. O., Mcewenbp, M., Mcneilca, R. R., Medina Tancobd, G., Melissasak, M., Meloat, D., Menichetti, Ezio, Menshikovah, A., Meyhandanbf, R., Michelettib, M. I., Mieleaq, G., Millercl, W., Miramontiao, L., Molleracha, S., Monasorbo, M., Monnier Ragaigneab, D., Montanetad, F., Moralesbd, B., Morelloav, C., Morenoe, J. C., Morrisce, C., Mostafábx, M., Muellerag, S., Muellerp, M. A., Mussaat, R., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Navarrobq, J. L., Navasbq, S., Necesalx, P., Nellenbd, L., Newman Holmesbz, C., Newtonbt, D., Nhungcp, P. T., Nierstenhoeferaf, N., Nitzcb, D., Nosekw, D., Nožkax, L., Oehlschlägerag, J., Olintoci, A., Olmos Gilbajabr, V. M., Ortizbo, M., Ortolaniar, F., Pachecobp, N., Pakk Selmi Deip, D., Palatkax, M., Pallottac, J., Parentebr, G., Parizotaa, E., Parlatiaw, S., Pastorbn, S., Patelbt, M., Paulcd, T., Pavlidouci, V., Payetad, K., Pechx, M., Pe¸kalabi, J., Pelayobb, R., Pepes, I. M., Perroneap, L., Pesceam, R., Petermannck, E., Petreraan, S., Petrincaar, P., Petroliniam, A., Petrovbx, Y., Petrovicbg, J., Pfendnercn, C., Pichelf, A., Piegaiad, R., Pierogag, T., Pimentabk, M., Pintobn, T., Pirronelloas, V., Pisantiaq, O., Platinob, M., Pochona, J., Poncea, V. H., Pontzal, M., Priviteraci, P., Prouzax, M., Quelc, E. J., Rautenbergaf, J., Ravignanib, D., Redondobp, A., Reucroftcd, S., Revenuae, B., Rezendem, F. A. S., Ridkyx, J., Riggias, S., Risseaf, M., Rivièread, C., Rizian, V., Robledoax, C., Rodriguezar, G., Rodriguez Martinoas, J., Rodriguez Rojoh, J., Rodriguez Cabobr, I., Rodríguez Fríasbp, M. D., Rosbo, G., Rosadobo, J., Rothag, M., Rouillé d’Orfeuilaa, B., Rouleta, E., Roverof, A. C., Salamidaan, F., Salazarax, H., Salinaar, G., Sánchezbd, F., Santanderh, M., Santobk, C. E., Santosu, E. M., Sarazinbw, F., Sarkarbs, S., Satoh, R., Scharfaj, N., Scheriniaf, V., Schielerag, H., Schifferaj, P., Schmidtah, A., Schmidtci, F., Schmidtak, T., Scholtenbf, O., Schoorlemmerbe, H., Schovancovax, J., Schovánekx, P., Schroederag, F., Schulteaj, S., Schüsslerag, F., Schusterbw, D., Sciuttoe, S. J., Scuderias, M., Segretoau, A., Semikozaa, D., Settimoap, M., Shellardm, R. C., N, Sidelnikb, I., Siffertu, B. B., Smetniansky De Grandeb, N., Smiałkowskibj, A., Šmídax, R., Smithbt, B. E., Snowck, G. R., Sommerscf, P., Sorokinj, J., Spinkabu, H., Squartinih, R., Strazzeriab, E., Stutzad, A., Suarezb, F., Suomijärviz, T., Supanitskybd, A. D., Sutherlandce, M. S., Swaincd, J., Szadkowskibj, Z., Tamashirof, A., Tamburroak, A., Tarutinae, T., Taşcaˇuaf, O., Tcaciucal, R., Tcherniakhovskiah, D., Thaocp, N. T., Thomasbx, D., Ticonal, R., Tiffenbergd, J., Timmermansbg, C., Tkaczykbj, W., Todero Peixotop, C. J., Tomébk, B., Tonachini, Aurelio Siro, Torresax, I., Travnicekx, P., Tridapallio, D. B., Tristramaa, G., Trovatoas, E., Tuciar, V., Tuerose, M., Ulrichag, R., Ungerag, M., Urbanab, M., Valdés Galiciabd, J. F., Valiñobr, I., Valoreaq, L., van den Bergbf, A. M., Vázquezbr, R. A., Veberičbm, D., Velardel, A., Ventersci, T., Verziar, V., Videlaca, M., Villaseñorbc, L., Vorobiovbm, S., Voyvodicbz, L., Wahlberge, H., Wahrlichj, P., Wainbergb, O., Warnerbx, D., Watsonbt, A. A., Westerhoffcn, S., Whelanj, B. J., Wieczorekbj, G., Wienckebw, L., Wilczyńskabi, B., Wilczyńskibi, H., Wilemanbt, C., Winnickj, M. G., Wuab, H., Wundheilerb, B., Younkbx, P., Yuanca, G., Zasbr, E., Zavrtanikbm, D., Zavrtanikbl, M., Zawcc, I., Zepedaaz, A., Ziolkowskial, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - 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Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, S., Argiro', K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A. F., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hauschildt, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, J., Lozano Bahilo, R., Luna Garcia, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. 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M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swainc, Z., Szadkowski, J., Takahashi, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Thoma, R., Ticon, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome', A., Tonachini, I., Torre, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urbana, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Ventersc, V., Verzi, M., Videl, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlber, O., Wainber, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, H., Wua, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Zasb, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Photon, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Fotones, Astrophysics, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Cascada atmosférica, Ultra high energy (UHE), 0103 physical sciences, Limit (mathematics), FLUORESCENCE, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, PROFILES, Radiación cósmica, Longitudinal development, 13. Climate action, photon fraction, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: From direct observations of the longitudinal development of ultra-high energy air showers performed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, upper limits of 3.8%, 2.4%, 3.5% and 11.7% (at 95% c.l.) are obtained on the fraction of cosmic-ray photons above 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV (1 EeV equivalent to 10(18) eV), respectively. These are the first experimental limits on ultra-high energy photons at energies below 10 EeV. The results complement previous constraints on top-down models from array data and they reduce systematic uncertainties in the interpretation of shower data in terms of primary flux, nuclear composition and proton-air cross-section., The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden- Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione,dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
Published: 2009

44. Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei

Author: A. Krieger, A. Curutiu, A. Della Selva, C. Grunfeld, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, M. Ortiz, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, M. D. Healy, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, J. Sorokin, Graciela B. Gelmini, John Swain, Segev BenZvi, A. Creusot, A. G. K. Smith, A. Tamburro, T. Karova, Corbin Covault, T. Bergmann, S. Westerhoff, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. D. Rodriguez-Frias, P. Bernardini, R. R. McNeil, Alexander Schmidt, I. Valiño, P. Facal San Luis, L. Caramete, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, Y. Petrov, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, R. C. Shellard, R. Mussa, M. Zavrtanik, Warner A. Miller, A. Lopez Agüera, J. Oehlschlaeger, K. Arisaka, H. Gemmeke, E. Menichetti, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Christopher Morris, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, R. López, V. Verzi, Peter Hansen, T. Yamamoto, Piotr Homola, E. Armengaud, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, R. M. de Almeida, Ivor Fleck, J. Gutiérrez, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, Peter Buchholz, R. Gómez Herrero, P. Petrinca, D. Maurizio, P. T. Nhung, M. I. Micheletti, F. Schmidt, Tanguy Pierog, P. Blasi, D. Thomas, C. Berat, B. Morales, Matias Tueros, M. Videla, C. Wileman, Gaetano Salina, C. Riviere, G. Cataldi, Rossella Caruso, H. Glass, D. Garcia Gaimez, A. Tonachini, C. Aramo, F. Arneodo, Zbigniew Szadkowski, G. Hebrero, Darko Veberič, M. Settimo, A. Gorgi, A. Filevich, Marco Aglietta, H. Bluemer, H. M. Spinka, J. S. Díaz, Petr Travnicek, N. Smetniansky De Grande, D. Allard, J. Pochon, X. Garrido, J. Chauvin, Antonio Insolia, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Esteban Roulet, C. De Donato, A. Zech, W. Fulgione, Rodrigo Pelayo, Petr Schovanek, L. del Peral, D. Lebrun, Osvaldo Catalano, A. Italiano, Miroslav Palatka, O. Wainberg, M. Prouza, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Bianca Keilhauer, S. Ferry, T. Suomijarvi, F. Schuessler, A. Smialkowski, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, I. Dutan, Matthias Kleifges, C. Di Giulio, Enrique Zas, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, D. Barnhill, Piera Luisa Ghia, M. Larlori, Miroslav Pech, J. Allen, I. M. Pepe, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Patel, Balázs Kégl, T. Hauschildt, G. Navarra, Pham Ngoc Diep, N. G. Busca, T. Baecker, Markus Roth, Jaime Rosado, S. Navas, A. C. Roverok, M. Monasor, Jan Ridky, Germano Guedes, L. Perrone, J. Takahashi, R. Luna García, Alberto Etchegoyen, P. Gouffon, Olivier Deligny, Hernán Asorey, F. Salamida, H. Wu, Fausto Guarino, R. Cester, M. S. Gold, J. Rautenberg, O. Pisanti, T. Ohnuki, C. Robledo, Heino Falcke, A. Segreto, Fernando Contreras, M. S. Sutherland, D. Garcia-Pinto, Brian Fick, Danilo Zavrtanik, N. Pacheco, Paul Sommers, W. J. M. de Mello, F. Ionita, Luis N. Epele, A. Filipcic, T. Venters, Matthias Leuthold, S. J. de Jong Bg, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, Francesc Ferrer, Sofia Andringa, Radomir Smida, D. Dornic, P. N. Dong, J. F. Valdés Galicia, C. Macolino, A. Cordier, Antonio Velarde, Miguel Mostafá, A. K. Tripathi, G. Wieczorek, Ricardo Piegaia, Gregory R Snow, S. Vorobiov, C. Delle Fratte, D. Melo, D. Nosek, A. Meli, Daniel Omar Badagnani, S. Parlati, I. Torres, J. Martinez, T. Schmidt, J. D. Hague, M. Hussain, Sergio Petrera, L. Valore, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. E. Santo, S. Coutu, A. M. van den Berg, Norberto Fazzini, A. Chou, R. Meyhandan, Marcio Aparecido Muller, H. R. Marquez Falcon, D. Semikoz, S. Reucroft, R. Knapik, G. La Rosa, P. Abreu, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, John K. Lee, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Scuderi, J. Rodríguez Martino, A. Anzalone, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, O. Tascau, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, V. de Souza, E. Colombo, L. R. Wiencke, J. G. Gonzalezc, C. Meurer, Ralf Ulrich, V. H. Koanga, S. Ostapchenko, Valerio Pirronello, B. Wundheiler, D. Mandatat, G. Parente, B. E. Smith, J. Hoerandel, Thomas Hebbeker, M. Horvat, Glennys R. Farrar, M. Gonzalez, Paul M. Mantsch, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, O. Kroemer, Vasiliki Pavlidou, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Subir Sarkar, J. Chye, G. Miele, B. Wilczynska, Jose Chinellato, R. Sato, Anderson Fauth, R. M. Kieckhafer, L. Villaseñor, Juan Moreno, Alexander Kusenko, A. F. Barbosa, J. Knapp, B. S. Atulugama, Alan Watson, A. Horneffer, H. Schieler, Jonny Kleinfeller, Beatriz García, D. Tscherniakhovski, German Ros, M. Platino, J. W. Cronin, A. Tamashiro, Arnulfo Zepeda, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Roger W Clay, Antonella Castellina, M. Mcewen, M. G. Winnick, Dariusz Gora, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, Hermann-Josef Mathes, E. Parizot, P. Younk, Stefano Argiro, Catherine Newman-Holmes, Xavier Bertou, M. Roberts, Thomas McCauley, Daniel Kuempel, R. E. Burton, A. Criss, Maria Giller, W. C. Brown, Rúben Conceição, Carlos Escobar, Wagner Carvalho, M. E. Mancenido, A. Haungs, Gualberto Avila, Francisco J. Blanco, D. D'Urso, P. Bauleo, Lorenzo Cazon, A. Menschikov, Beatriz B. Siffert, A. Redondo, Pedro Assis, N. Nierstenhoefer, I. De Mitri, S. Maldera, Dieter Heck, P. Brogueira, L. Otero, G. Mancarella, V. C. Holmes, Ingomar Allekotte, R. Ticona, Martin Urban, J. C. Hamilton, Kai Daumiller, F. Gomez Albarracin, V. Scherini, P. Billoir, Angela V. Olinto, D. V. Camin, Sergio Sciutto, D. Newton, Javier Tiffenberg, N. T. Thao, D. Warner, V. Van Elewyck, G. Rodriguez, Ioana Codrina Maris, H. Dembinski, F. A. S. Rezende, Alejandro Luis Veiga, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, Ricardo Vázquez, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, B. R. Becker, Federico Suarez, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, J. Abraham, T. Paul, E. Strazzeri, T. Asch, Michael DuVernois, Ralph Engel, M. Unger, Miroslav Hrabovsky, L. Voyvodic, Henryk Wilczyński, Tristan Beau, A. Stutz, J. Matthews, M. Ave, B. Connolly, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Ph. Lebrun, Heiko Geenen, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Daniel Gonzalez, Guenter Sigl, M. Pimenta, Pierre Sokolsky, C. Bleve, C. Lachaud, S. Riggi, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. De La Vega, S. Harmsma, Vincenzo Rizi, B. Rouillé-D’Orfeuil, C. Morello, K. Payet, M. Ziolkowski, S. L. C. Barroso, R. Bonino, O. Martínez Bravo, V. Grassi, Fabrizio Ortolani, Peter L. Biermann, J. J. Lozano Bahilo, Paolo Privitera, Y. Guardincerri, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. C. Maccarone, T. Pinto, Libor Nozka, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, A. Dorofeev, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, J. Coppens, G. Matthiae, M. Ambrosio, Markus Risse, U. Cotti, B. Revenu, Julien Aublin, D. Martello, F. Sánchez, Iván Sidelnik, I. Lhenry-Yvon, H. Wahlberg, Marcos Santander, B. Tome, Peter Mazur, G. Tristram, B. L. Lago, C. Aguirre, A. Pichel, Bei Cai, W. Tkaczyk, Diego Harari, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, J. L. Navarro, A. Chiavassa, M. Kaducak, M. C. Medina, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, S., Argiro', K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A. F., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hauschildt, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, J., Lozano Bahilo, R., Luna Garcia, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Martello, Daniele, J., Martinez, O., Martinez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menschikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, N. T., Thao, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, P. N., Diep, P. N., Dong, P. T., Nhung, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, A., Redondo, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, M. D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swainc, Z., Szadkowski, J., Takahashi, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Thoma, R., Ticon, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome', A., Tonachini, I., Torre, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urbana, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Ventersc, V., Verzi, M., Videl, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlber, O., Wainber, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, H., Wua, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Zasb, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, and Auger, Collaboration
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Astrophysics, GALAXY CLUSTER SURVEY, auger, 01 natural sciences, High energy cosmic ray, Raggi cosmici, Astrophysical jet, GMF, Observatory, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, BL-LACERTAE, Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min effect, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ORIGIN, UHECR, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, GZK, Radiación cósmica, Anisotropía, CATALOG, observatory, ddc:540, EGMF, CUTOFF, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, RELATIVISTIC JETS, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, ACCELERATION, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, extra-galactic, PARTICLES, AGN, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, ANISOTROPY, high energy cosmic rays, Sciami atmosferici, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, CENTAURUS, Galaxy, Experimental High Energy Physics
Abstract: Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory provide evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic rays with the ighest-energies, which are correlated with the positions of relatively nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) [Pierre Auger Collaboration, Science 318 (2007) 938]. The correlation has maximum significance for cosmic rays with energy greater than ~6 x 1019 eV and AGN at a distance less than ~75 Mpc. We have confirmed the anisotropy at a confidence level of more than 99% through a test with parameters specified a priori, using an independent data set. The observed correlation is compatible with the hypothesis that cosmic rays with the highest-energies originate from extra-galactic sources close enough so that their flux is not significantly attenuated by interaction with the cosmic background radiation (the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min effect). The angular scale of the correlation observed is a few degrees, which suggests a predominantly light composition unless the magnetic fields are very weak outside the thin disk of our galaxy. Our present data do not identify AGN as the sources of cosmic rays unambiguously, and other candidate sources which are distributed as nearby AGN are not ruled out. We discuss the prospect of unequivocal identification of individual sources of the highest-energy cosmic rays within a few years of continued operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2008

45. Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon flux above 1019 eV using the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Muniz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argiro', Stefano, Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Atulugama, B. S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Baecker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A. F., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S. L. C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J. J., Beau, T., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanch Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Biuemer, H., Bohacova, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, Raffaella, Boratav, M., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Busca, N. G., Caballero Mora, K. S., Cai, B., Camin, D. V., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, Rosanna, Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Clark, P. D. J., Clay, R. W., Colombo, E., Conceicao, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., Donato, C. D., de Jong, S. J., La Vega, G. D., de Mello, W. J. M., J. r., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I. D., Souza, V. d., Peral, L. d., Deligny, O., Selva, A. D., Fratte, C. D., Dembinski, H., Giulio, C. D., Diaz, J. C., Dobrgkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M. A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., San Luis, P. F., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Fllipicic, A., Fleck, I., Fonte, R., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fulgione, W., Garcia, B., Gamez, D. G., Garcia Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. G., Berisso, M. G., Herrero, R. G., Gonqalves, P., do Amaral, M. G., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gora, D., Gorgi, Alessio, Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A. F., Grunfeld, C., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Gutierrez, J., Hague, J. D., Hamilton, J. C., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hauschildt, T., Healy, M. D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hoerandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K. H., Karova, T., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D. H., Krieger, A., Kroemer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., Rosa, G. L., Lachaud, C., Lago, B. L., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry Yvon, I., Lopez, R., Agueera, A. L., Bahilo, J. L., Garcia, R. L., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mancarella, G., Mancenido, M. E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Martello, D., Martinez, J., Bravo, O. M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Mccauley, T., Mcewen, M., Mcneil, R. R., Medina, M. C., Medina Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, Ezio, Menschikov, A., Meurer, C., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. M., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, M. A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman Holmes, C., Newton, D., Thao, N. T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nozka, L., Oehlschlaeger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Olmos Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Ortolani, F., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Pacheco, N., Selmi Dei, D. P., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Diep, P. N., Dong, P. N., Nhung, P. T., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Rautenberg, J., Redondo, A., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Rezende, F. A. S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Riviere, C., Rizi, V., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Frias, M. D., Martino, I. R., Rojo, J. R., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Ros, G., Rosado, I., Roth, M., Roucelle, C., Rouille d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schuessler, F., Sciutto, S. J., Scudeni, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B. B., Sigl, G., De Grande, N. S., Smialkowski, A., Smida, R., Smith, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Snow, G. R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijaervi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Takahashi, J., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tascau, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Tonachini, Aurelio Siro, Torres, I., Torresi, D., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A. M., Elewyck, V. v., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walker, P., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Westerhoff, S., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M. G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., Holkowski, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, PIERRE AUGER, J., Abraham, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, S., Argiro', K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, P., Assi, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J. J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, C., Bleve, H., Blumer, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, W., Carvalho, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, R., Conceicao, B., Connolly, F., Contrera, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, I., Dutan, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, R., Fonte, C. E., Fracchiolla, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, P., Goncalve, M., Goncalves do Amaral, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A. F., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hauschildt, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, G., Hebrero, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, T., Huege, M., Hussain, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, T., Karova, B., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, A., Krieger, O., Kromer, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, J., Lozano Bahilo, R., Luna Garcia, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Martello, Daniele, J., Martinez, O., Martinez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menschikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, N. T., Thao, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, F., Ortolani, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, S., Pastor, M., Patel, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, P. N., Diep, P. N., Dong, P. T., Nhung, A., Pichel, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, T., Pinto, V., Pirronello, O., Pisanti, M., Platino, J., Pochon, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, A., Redondo, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, F. A. S., Rezende, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, M. D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguezmartino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, M., Settimo, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, A. G. K., Smith, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swainc, Z., Szadkowski, J., Takahashi, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Thoma, R., Ticon, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tome', A., Tonachini, I., Torre, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urbana, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Ventersc, V., Verzi, M., Videl, L., Villasenor, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlber, O., Wainber, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, H., Wua, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Zasb, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Aramo, Carla, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, and Valore, Laura
Subjects: Photon, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Cosmic ray, Fotones, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Raggi cosmici, ultra high energy photons, Cascada atmosférica, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Energia ultra alta, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Pair production, 13. Climate action, Fotoni, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:540, flux upper limit, Neutrino, Sciami atmosferici estesi
Abstract: A method is developed to search for air showers initiated by photons using data recorded by the surface detector of the Auger Observatory. The approach is based on observables sensitive to the longitudinal shower development, the signal risetime and the curvature of the shower front. Applying this method to the data, upper limits on the flux of photons of 3.8 x 10-3, 2.5 x 10-3; and 2.2 x 10-3 km-2 sr-1 yr-1 above 1019 eV, 2 x 1019 eV; and 4 x 1019 eV are derived, with corresponding limits on the fraction of photons being 2.0%, 5.1%, and 31% (all limits at 95% c.l.). These photon limits disfavor certain exotic models of sources of cosmic rays. The results also show that the approach adopted by the Auger Observatory to calibrate the shower energy is not strongly biased by a contamination from photons., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2008

46. Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Greece.

Author: Kachrimanidou M, Papa A, Chochlakis D, Pavlidou V, and Psaroulaki A
Subjects: Anaplasma phagocytophilum classification, Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetics, Animals, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Ehrlichiosis microbiology, Goat Diseases microbiology, Goat Diseases parasitology, Goat Diseases transmission, Goats, Greece, Humans, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Tick Infestations parasitology, Tick Infestations veterinary, Anaplasma phagocytophilum isolation & purification, Arachnid Vectors microbiology, Ehrlichiosis transmission, Ixodes microbiology
Abstract: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is increasingly being recognized in the United States and Europe. Ixodes ricinus tick is considered the primary vector of the causative pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, in Europe. Although previous studies in humans support the presence of A. phagocytophilum in Greece, detection of A. phagocytophilum DNA in I. ricinus ticks has been not yet reported. A total of 405 I. ricinus ticks (45 pools) collected from goats in eight prefectures of northern Greece were tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA. Four pools of ticks collected in three prefectures revealed a sequence with 99%-100% similarity to known A. phagocytophilum sequences, providing the first molecular evidence for the circulation of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus ticks in Greece.
Published: 2011
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47. Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10{18} eV.

Author: Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anticić T, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arisaka K, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Barroso SL, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colombo E, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJ, de Mello Neto JR, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fulgione W, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Goggin LM, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jiraskova S, Kadija K, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz K, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lautridou P, Leão MS, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JA, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McEwen M, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Meurer C, Micanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Mueller S, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Oliva P, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Parra A, Parrisius J, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Redondo A, Revenu B, Rezende FA, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivière C, Rizi V, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schroeder F, Schulte S, Schüssler F, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Susa T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Tapia A, Tarutina T, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Tcherniakhovski D, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, and Ziolkowski M
Abstract: We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X{max}, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10;{18} eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106{-21}{+35}) g/cm{2}/decade below 10{18.24+/-0.05} eV, and (24+/-3) g/cm{2}/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm{2}. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.
Published: 2010
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48. First detection of Rickettsia slovaca in Greece.

Author: Kachrimanidou M, Souliou E, Pavlidou V, Antoniadis A, and Papa A
Subjects: Animals, Animals, Domestic parasitology, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, Greece, Male, Rickettsia genetics, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Ticks microbiology
Abstract: Seven hundred and three ticks collected in November and June of 2004-2006 from domestic animals in four localities of Halkidiki prefecture, Northern Greece, were tested for the presence of ricketsial DNA. Rickettsia slovaca was detected in one pool of Rhipicephalus bursa ticks, representing the first report of detection of R. slovaca in Greece.
Published: 2010
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49. The effect of zoledronic acid on serum dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, and RANKL in patients with Paget's disease of bone.

Author: Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou Z, Kita M, Litsas I, Avramidis A, Arsos G, Moralidis E, Gerou S, Pavlidou V, Papatheodorou A, and Terpos E
Subjects: Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteitis Deformans blood, Prospective Studies, Zoledronic Acid, Diphosphonates administration & dosage, Imidazoles administration & dosage, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins blood, Osteitis Deformans drug therapy, Osteoprotegerin blood, RANK Ligand blood
Abstract: Overexpression of dickkopf (DKK)-1 in pagetic osteoblast cultures resulted in stimulation of osteoclast proliferation and inhibition of osteoblast growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time in Paget's disease of bone (PDB): 1) the serum levels of DKK1; 2) the association of DKK-1 with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG); and 3) the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on serum DKK-1, RANKL, and OPG. The study was conducted as a prospective open-label cohort study. Eleven patients with PDB (median age 60 years) were recruited. Twelve age- gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy individuals were used as controls at baseline. Blood samples were obtained before treatment (baseline) and after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months following ZOL infusion in patients with PDB. Patients with PDB had significantly higher RANKL (p=0.002), OPG (p=0.001), and bone markers (total alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen) compared with controls at baseline. There was no difference between groups in DKK-1 at baseline. Bone markers were both significantly decreased after therapy. Serum OPG, RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, and DKK-1 remained unaffected throughout the study. No correlations were found between OPG, RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, and DKK-1 at baseline nor between their changes during the study. Although both OPG and RANKL were increased in patients with PDB, ZOL had no effect on their serum levels. Serum DKK-1 was neither increased in patients with PDB nor related to OPG and RANKL, and was unaffected by ZOL.
Published: 2009
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50. Robust identification of isotropic diffuse gamma rays from galactic dark matter.

Author: Siegal-Gaskins JM and Pavlidou V
Abstract: Dark matter annihilation in Galactic substructure will produce diffuse gamma-ray emission of remarkably constant intensity across the sky, making it difficult to disentangle this Galactic dark matter signal from the extragalactic gamma-ray background. We show that if Galactic dark matter contributes a modest fraction of the measured emission in an energy range accessible to the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the energy dependence of the angular power spectrum of the total measured emission could be used to confidently identify gamma rays from Galactic dark matter substructure.
Published: 2009
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