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The full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine led to the emergence of a number of substantial destabilising processes and phenomena of a socio-economic nature, one of which is the strengthening of forced emigration of a substantial number of the economically active population of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was a comprehensive review and analysis of the current scientific legacy of papers devoted to the examination of the features, state, and problems of forced labour migration and identifying its impact on the national labour market and economic entities. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study as made up of general scientific heuristic methods, historiographic analysis and synthesis, comparison, and systematisation. Based on the results of the study, it was established that in the modern scientific discourse, the essence of forced labour migration is defined as a complex and dangerous socio-economic phenomenon that manifests itself in the uncontrolled movement of the population for the purpose of employment within the country and extends to other countries of the world. It was determined that most of the researchers are inclined to argue that the scale of forced labour migration has acquired threatening importance, the threatening trends of which were particularly acute during the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022-2023, during which there is a critical increase in the volume of forced labour migration from Ukraine to European countries. There is an opinion among the scientific community that the processes of forced labour migration cause substantial problems in the national and international labour market. Most of the researchers argue that the most substantial problem caused by forced labour migration is the increase in the unemployment rate, which in Ukraine during the war reached 35% of the economically active population, which substantially unbalances the international and European labour markets, causing it to increase competition for highly paid jobs. Based on the assessment of researchers' opinions, the main ways to reduce imbalances in the development of the labour market in Ukraine and methods for minimising the risks of unemployment growth are proposed. The obtained research results can be used to create generalising reviews and more effectively work with the bibliography on the subject

The relevance of the subject of forming a personnel management system in the context of the problem of increasing the competitiveness and level of security of enterprises lies in the need to adapt to the challenges of digital transformation and growing internal and external threats. The purpose of the study is to present a modern approach to the formation of an effective personnel management system, considering the emphasis on countering internal threats and ensuring the rights of workers. The research methodology involves the use of the expert analysis method for identifying key threats (the Delphi method as an auxiliary one), the hierarchical analysis method for organising threats and paired comparison for comparing threats. As a result, a list of the most substantial threats to the formation of the personnel management system is presented. Calculations determined that in the second half of the 2020s, the impact of internal threats on the personnel management system and the competitiveness of enterprises is expected to increase, which may negatively affect the provision of labour rights. It is established that the formation of a personnel management system is a complex process that is influenced by various factors and threats. Analysing threats through the prism of this theoretical and methodological framework, it is identified that not only the identified threats are critical, but also the dynamics of their development and interaction are crucial for the development of personnel management strategies. It was established that the complex impact of these threats requires not only a one-time response but also continuous adaptation of the personnel management system. The study highlights the importance of countering internal threats, which is crucial for ensuring enterprise security. The practical application of the research results can help businesses create a stronger and safer work environment that will help ensure workersʼ rights

У статті проведено науково-практичне дослідження організаційно-правових аспектів щодо використання міжнародно визнаних механізмів у сфері транскордонних банкрутств при розгляді справ у суді, правової визначеності деяких категорій у сфері транскордонного банкрутства з множинними провадженнями через законодавчу та доктринальну призми. Опрацьовано міжнародну судову практику та визначено, що для розв'язання проблемних питань щодо узгодження процедур банкрутства при розгляді справ про транскордонні банкрутства з множинними провадженнями використовуються транскордонні протоколи як спосіб підвищення ефективності забезпечення співробітництва у сфері неплатоспроможності. Доведено, що практичне застосування принципу взаємності, правового інституту співпраці судів, використання транскордонних протоколів у справах про транскордонні банкрутства з множинними провадженнями є досить невизначеними в Україні на відміну від міжнародного. Стверджено, що інститут транскордонного банкрутства з множинними провадженнями в Україні потребує максимально швидкого організаційно-правового реагування щодо нормативного забезпечення та правової визначеності досліджених категорій та понятійного апарата в цій сфері, їх дієвої реалізації у судовій практиці. Проаналізовано законодавство у сфері неплатоспроможності та процедур з банкрутства за участю іноземного елемента для належної правової визначеності окресленого понятійного апарата на практиці та можливості вдосконалення національного законодавства у сфері транскордонних банкрутств. Зазначено, що Україна потребує вдосконалення як законодавства щодо транскордонних банкрутств, так і правової системи в цілому, враховуючи міжнародні аспекти правового розвитку. Зроблено висновок, що судова практика є основою для належної співпраці на шляху реалізації принципу взаємності, спираючись не тільки на формальність застосування, а й на ефективність щодо наповнення змістовними планами дій реалізації такої співпраці, в тому числі використовуючи транскордонні протоколи.

Valerian Officinalis (Valeriana officinalis L.s.p.) is a collective species in Ukraine. It contains 13 species, including in the south of Ukraine grows valerian (V. stolonifera Czern.). At the present stage, it is confirmed that the calming and antispasmodic properties of valerian raw materials are due to the content of valepotriates, sesquiterpenoids and aromatic substances, in particular eugenol derivatives. That is why in many countries around the world a number of drugs have been created on their basis. The aim of our research is to determine the component composition of tinctures of tinctures of V. stolonifera Czern. made of 70 % alcohol and methanol using gas chromatography. Materials and methods. Raw materials (underground organs) Valerianae radices were harvested in March 2020 in Zaporizhzhia, Kantserivska Balka. Valerian tincture was prepared from fresh raw materials according to the method of making tinctures. The tincture was investigated on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with mass spectrometric detector 5977B. The NIST14 mass spectrum library was used to identify the components. Results. 77 components were identified by gas chromatography in methanolic tincture of V. stolonifera Czern. roots, 13 components were isolated quantitatively. In the analysis of the chromatogram and the characteristic of the area of the peaks of the alcoholic tincture of V. stolonifera Czern. roots, 78 components were identified, 11 components were isolated quantitatively. At the comparative characteristic of chromatograms 39 components coincide. Of the main components, the largest content is: 13.413 RT methanolic 1(2H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-4a,8a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, [4aR-(4a.α.,7.β.,8a.α.)] – 5.34 % 13.414 RT alcohol – 8.41 %; 11.943 RT methanolic Myrtenyl isovalerate – 3.88 %; 11,942 RT alcohol – 5.15 %; 15.362 RT methanolic Kessanyl acetate – 2.52 %; 15.360 RT Kessanyl acetate alcohol – 1.41 %. Conclusions. It was seen that valerian tinctures with methanol and alcohol extractant differ in both quantitative and qualitative composition analyzing the obtained data of gas chromatography. 39 Compounds were present in all tinctures; three of them were present in large quantities. According to the results of the study, data have been obtained that show that the best indicators of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the tincture of V. stolonifera Czern. were obtained using the extractant 70 % alcohol.

Languages are developing continuously, with lexis mirroring all the major changes happening in society. Worldwide, the changes are either viewed positively as those updating languages or negatively as those deteriorating them. With English widely recognized as an international language, a lingua franca, numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations make it their business to keep the language understandable, at the same time preserving and introducing a variety of meanings and words when dealing with lexis. Changes in grammar (preference for gerunds instead of infinitives, for example) and pronunciation can take longer to be noticed as they happen over a longer period of time (the Great Vowel Shift). Currently, lexical changes get covered in dictionaries with little delay and are easy to track in online versions. Annually, 800-1,000 newly coined words or added meanings push way into English dictionaries. Approximately five times more are coined each year but fail to get in wide use and meet the acceptance criteria of lexicographers. Up to 2019, most lexical innovations were focused on technological breakthroughs. However, in 2020 medicine gained unprecedented attention due to the pandemic, initially pinpointed in Wuhan, China, and later spread all over the world – all the continents are currently exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, it has been of little surprise when in the end of 2020 most of the year words by English dictionaries were about COVID-19, which has irrevocably changed lifestyles and reality. The purpose of the article is to trace lexical changes caused by the coronavirus outbreak and analyse newly-coined lexemes. The following methods were used: linguistic analysis, observation, mathematical calculations. Thus, the purpose of our article is to trace lexical changes caused by the coronavirus outbreak and analyse newlycoined lexemes. Due to the Internet and a significant influence of social media, newly coined words and phrases get swiftly spread globally, some of them originating from hashtags. Analyzing neologisms coined in the pandemic, it is evident that their main aim is to cover new realities such as upperwear, Zumping (Zoom+dumping), etc. It is statistically proven that covid, coron (coronavirus) and quaran (qurantine) are the three most frequent stems. The pandemic-related neologisms are mostly closed compound nouns (covidiot, coronarave). Still spaced ones are often used as well (corona boner, corona bae). Taking into account a boom of coronelogisms worldwide, the Ukrainian language borrowed some either as loan translated (coronapocalypse – коронапокаліпсис) or transliterated (covidiot – ковідіот). At the same time, some widely used neologisms got translated using Ukrainian stems and affixes (коронабовдур, ковдур, пандемійченко, поковіджений). Lexical changes, influenced by the pandemic and currently observed in English and Ukrainian, evolve rapidly and they have not come to an end

The existence of the wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) in North Europe is under threat. Urgent measures are needed to protect this species. One of the main measures under consideration is the development of a network of Protected Areas (PAs). The Russian part of the Finnish-Russian Friendship Nature Reserve includes a part of the Metsola Biosphere Reserve (MBR). The MBR contains habitats of the Kuhmo Area – Lake Kiitehenjärvi's (Lake Kamennoe) R.t. fennicus subpopulation and it is of great importance for this animal. This area mainly includes summer pastures and rutting and calving areas, while some of these animals also use this area as winter pastures. Tracking animal locations and moving activity with telemetry showed the continuation of seasonal migrations of this animal across the Russian-Finnish border. This confirms the mix of animals living in Finland in the region of Kainuu and animals living in the Republic of Karelia (Russia), as well as the importance of the MBR for maintaining the genetic diversity of R.t. fennicus in both countries. Some of the animals may change their migration patterns and seasonal home ranges, staying in Russia for wintering. There was one case of a collared R.t. fennicus female moving far to the east from the Kuhmo Area – Lake Kiitehenjärvi subpopulation's habitat to the surroundings of the village of Chernyi Porog (Segezhsky district). The genetic purity of R.t. fennicus is influenced by the reindeer husbandry practice in Finland. There are cases of semi-domesticated reindeer (i.e. originating from another Rangifer tarandus subspecies, R. t. tarandus) occurrence in the MBR, where they were observed in mating (harem) groups of R. t. fennicus. Evaluation and analysis of the age and sex structure of the subpopulation in the summer-autumn period in Russia in 2018–2020 showed a small percentage of calves, approximately 12% of all encountered animals. This may indicate a high predator pressure (e.g. from the side of Canis lupus, Gulo gulo, and Ursus arctos). Over the last three years, out of 16 collared R.t. fennicus females appeared in Karelia, four of them were killed by predators. The location of the habitats near the state border west of the fence, protected with barbed wire (engineered structures) together with control in the PAs (including MBR) ensure the animal protection from poachers. There was only one case of animal death caused by illegal hunting over the last five years. Forest logging may have a significant impact on the future of R.t. fennicus in the MBR. Under conditions of increasing human impact on the surrounding areas, the MBR importance in the R.t. fennicus population conservation also increased. However, to enhance the positive effect, it will be necessary to expand the network of PAs. One of the nearest promising potential PAs is the planned Kalevala Sanctuary.

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to define the pulsation factors of a closed-loop automatic control system (ACS) of interfering harmonics containing a semiconductor converter with double-sided pulse-width modulation (PWM), as well as confirmation of theoretical assumptions about possibilities of self-compensation of pulsation factors’ influence in the system with double-sided PWM. Methodology. The research was conducted with the usage of classic electric circuit theory, frequency analysis methods, generalized function theory. Results. The obtained expressions mathematically relate pulsation factors, value of the damping coefficient and manipulative variable for different frequencies of interfering harmonics in the system with double-sided PWM. The research concerned harmonics with frequencies 100, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 Hz as the most significant constituents of the output voltage of a 12-pulse semiconductor converter. The obtained expressions allow taking into account settings of the selective link and its approximation on the level of supreme frequencies with aperiodic link. Originality. The research has experimentally proved theoretical assumptions about self-compensation of pulsation factors in the system with double-sided PWM. It has been shown that the damping coefficient has a low-impact influence on the values of pulsation factors. It is caused by the pass band of the selective link, which is included in the closed-loop control system of harmonics regulation. Practical value. Application of the research results can contribute to the development of the closed-loop control system for effective attenuation of interfering harmonics in direct current contact wire without interfering in the power part of the semiconductor converter. Besides the possibility to regulate output voltage, it will also help to solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of a traction substation semiconductor converter with contact wire. The application of the developed closed-loop control system will as well provide for decreasing the size of the filter in the direct current traction substation unit.

The present growth stimulators and micro fertilizers (chelating agents) are an efficient method to create favorable conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat. Their use is of good effect on the growth and development of winter wheat till its maturity. The most increase of productivity (0.34 t/ha) has been obtained in the variants with the use of micro fertilizer ‘Nutrivant Universalny’ together with an anti-stress stimulator ‘Aminokat’ during the tillering period, while the processing of seeds with ‘Raykat Start’ together with the disinfection; in the variants with the use of the nutritional system ‘Raykat Razvitie’+’Raykat Final’ and ‘Mikrokat Start’+’Mikrokat Final’ with 0.39 and 0.36 t/ha of productivity respectively. The variety ‘Yuka’ produced the largest increase of productivity (0.96 and 0.89 t/ha) in the variants with the use of ‘Aminokat’ and ‘Nutrivant Universalny’ together with ‘Aminokat’ during the tillering period while processing of seeds with ‘Raykat Start’ together with the disinfection. It has been determined that to increase the productivity and kernel quality of winter soft wheat variety ‘Grom’ it’s recommended to process the plants with ‘Nutrivant Universalny’ together with ‘Aminokat’ during the tillering period while processing of seeds with ‘Raykat Start’ together with the disinfection or to use the nutritional system ‘Raykat Razvitie’ in the period of tillering + ’Raykat Final’ in the period of wax maturing. For the variety ‘Yuka’ it’s recommended to process the plants with ‘Nutrivant Universalny’ together with ‘Aminokat’ during the tillering period or to use to use the nutritional system ‘Mikrokat Start’ in the period of tillering + Mikrokat’ in the period of wax maturing.

On the basic of the long-term experiments and study of morpho-biologic traits of triticale we determined the parameters of the model varieties of grain-fodder, fodder and bread-making triticale. According to the data the potential productivity of the model variety of the bread-making type should be 95 hwt per hectare. The variety must have good grain (8 points) with the test weight of 760 g/l and more, protein content from 12,5 to 14,5% and gluten up to 28%, good rheological properties of dough; it must form the loaves with the volume of 750 cm3, porosity of 3-4 points with the general bread-making assessment of 4-4,2 points. The leaf rust infection should be less than 10%. The variety ‘Khleborob’ was developed by the method of intervarietal hybridization within Triticale and the double individual selection in the hybrid population (Fahad-3/Erizo-15)/Mudrets// 98-115т3. The spring sample of Mexican selection ‘Fahad-3/Erizo-15’ possesses high indexes of the test weight, 1000-grain weight and wheat proportions of grain. ‘Mudrets’ is a frost tolerant sample with smooth large, vitreous grain. The variety ‘Khleborob’ is characterized with high productivity, adaptive properties, drought tolerance, and resistance to diseases. The main advantage of the variety is the grain of wheat type: the ratio of length to width (1:2,1); the ratio of length to thickness (1:2,3). The grain is of red color, with 1000-grain weight of 45-55 g, with high test weight of 750-782 g/l. The variety is later maturing; it produces spikes 3-5 days earlier than the standard variety ‘Soyuz’. It has a middle length of 110 to 130 cm depending on growing conditions, stable to lodging. The results of the variety-testing after four ancestors during the years of 2011-2013 showed that the average productivity of the variety was 76,1 hwt per ha, which was on 20,6 hwt more than the standard variety ‘Soyuz’ and on 8,4 hwt more than the variety ‘Valentin-90’. The variety showed high resistance to such diseases as yellow rust, powdery mildew and smut, leaf and stem rust. It possesses average stability to pirenoforoz (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of leaves and fusariosis of head.

Introduction. Fuel consumption by diesel locomotive during operation depends significantly on many factors, among which the main is the mode of driving a train. Purpose. Research on the mathematical model of the modes of driving a train on the site of Kharkiv-Merefa with the purpose of the main oscillograms of the operation of the locomotive on the site. Methodology. A mathematical model of the operation of the main units of the locomotive CHME3 in the Matlab environment was developed. The model of the diesel engine is based on the calculated indicator diagram of its operation, which is approximated by a continuous dependence. The control panel operates on a system of conditions, the purpose of which is to maintain the set speed. Results. In the course of the simulation, statistical data were obtained on the fuel consumption of the diesel locomotive when it operated on a section with a train of constant mass. Based on the data obtained, a three-dimensional surface is constructed showing the dependence of the fuel consumption on the time of the site's exploration and the maximum speed on the site. Practical value. The dependence obtained can be used to optimize the driving behavior of trains along a section. The apparent dependence of fuel consumption on the driver's behavior is the basis for the further development of automatic locomotive speed control systems.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathology among aging men. Despite the broad pharmacological interventions, the available remedies to treat BPH are yet not devoid of side effects. Herbal compounds are suggested to be an alternative option for the BPH treatment. In our study, we evaluated the effect of kudzu isoflavones and astaxanthin on the BPH animal model. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: control; testosterone-induced BPH group; and three BPH-induced groups, which received intragastrically for 28 days finasteride (5 mg/kg) as a positive control, isoflavones (200 mg/kg), and astaxanthin (25 mg/kg). BPH was induced by castration of animals and subsequent subcutaneous injections of prolonged testosterone (25 mg/kg). Prostate index and histology, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. A significant decrease in prostate weight, immunohistochemical markers, and normalization of prostate Ca/Mg ratio was found in all treatment groups. Astaxanthin treatment also resulted in decreased epithelial proliferation and normalized superoxide dismutase activity. In conclusion, both isoflavones and astaxanthin inhibited BPH development at a level comparable to finasteride in terms of prostate weight, prostatic epithelium proliferation, and prostate tissue cumulative histology score. These results suggest that isoflavones and especially astaxanthin could serve as a potential alternative therapy to treat BHP.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lignin-derived polyphenolic composition BP-C3 on the efficacy and hematological toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CPA). Male and female Swiss-H derived mice bearing benzo[a]pyrene-induced soft tissue sarcomas were treated with CPA 300 mg/kg, BP-C3 75 mg/kg, or a combination. Tumor growth inhibition in male mice treated with CPA, BP-C3, or a combination of CPA and BP-C3 was significant and corresponded to 78%, 45%, and 82%, respectively, on day 21 after CPA administration on day 0. In female mice, tumor growth inhibition was 58%, −11%, and 35% when treated with CPA, BP-C3, or a combination of CPA and BP-C3, respectively. CPA administration resulted in significant hematological toxicity evidenced by a decreased white blood cell count on day 4 (2.43 ± 1.77 × 10 9 /L in male mice and 1.19 ± 0.71 × 10 9 /L in female mice) and anemia development on day 7 (6.55 ± 1.74 × 10 12 /L in male mice and 5.89 ± 2.24 × 10 12 /L in female mice). The red blood cell count measured on day 7 in animals treated with the combination of BP-C3 and CPA constituted 7.12 ± 1.17 × 10 12 /L and 7.36 ± 2.07 × 10 12 /L for male and female mice, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate the antitumor activity of BP-C3 in male mice bearing soft tissue sarcomas. Neither the antitumor activity nor the hematological toxicity of CPA were significantly influenced by BP-C3. A less pronounced effect of CPA on RBC count is demonstrated when this agent is given jointly with BP-C3.

We study the optical absorption spectra for pure Bi12SiO20 single crystals and the crystals doped with Cr and Mn ions. These spectra are measured in the photon-energy region 1.3-2.6 eV at the temperatures 300-670 K. The intrinsic defects with significantly different optical and thermal activation energies (respectively 1.493 and 0.66 eV) are revealed in Bi12SiO20. The strengths S of electron-phonon interactions at the intra-centre transitions in Cr and Mn ions are determined. We obtain S ≈ 3.33 (at 300 K) and 3.42 (at 420 K) for Bi12SiO20:Cr, as well as S ≈ 5.26 (at 300 K) and 5.46 (at 420 K) for Bi12SiO20:Mn. A significant thermochromic effect is detected in Bi12SiO20:Cr crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]