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Water-resource systems have become as much a reality as electric power, transport, communication systems and other large man-made systems. The concept of water resource systems (WRS) refers primarily to a hydraulically connected set of sources and means of managing and delivering water resources to water consumers and water users. The world experience shows that the largest WRS use river runoff as a source of water resources; however, as our research has shown, the future belongs to WRS which are based on the joint management of surface and underground water resources. Despite the significant similarity in the processes of creating and managing large man-made systems, WRS have a number of features that require solving specific problems. First of all, the strategy for the development and management of WRS should take into account the variability of river flow, as well as the fact that these systems are one of the most important elements of the environment. It is these factors that underlie the solution of the problem of the WRS guaranteed output and the reliability of the functioning of these systems on the basis of the calculated availability of their guaranteed to the socio-economic sphere and guaranteed satisfaction of the environmental requirements which is one of the principles of sustainable economic development.

The Dnieper river is one of the largest rivers in Europe. It is the fourth largest river in terms of basin area and length after the Volga, Danube and Ural, and the second largest of the rivers that flow into the Black sea, after the Danube. From the point of view of territorial distribution of water resources, the Dnieper basin can be divided into two zones. The first zone includes the Russian and Belarusian parts of the basin, which is a zone of river flow formation. It is characterized by an insufficiently high level of water resources use. The second zone, which is a part of the Ukrainian part of the river basin, is characterized by a small inflow of water from tributaries and a high level of water resources use. Rivers, watercourses of which run through the territory of two or more states, are called as transboundary. Different sections of the same river are used by different states, and the use of water resources and catchment area in the upper reaches of the river will affect the quantitative and qualitative parameters of water downstream. This means that the unified environmental system is divided by a state border and is managed in each individual state at its discretion. This affects the river and surrounding areas. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the problem of transboundary water bodies became very relevant for Russia. Neighboring countries have faced a number of environmental problems in border territories and transboundary river basins, where environmental problems have persisted and often worsened, but the institutional framework for their effective solution has been lost

The article offers analysis of formation of the volume and frequency of environmental-protection water releases within the water resource system of the Moscow Region.

The selection of yield and its probability is the subject of special technical and economic substantiation. Such substantiation is presently hampered by the absence of reliable characteristics of the losses from undersupply of water to users in the case of its deficit. However, even under such conditions a change from a 97% probability with respect to the number of uninterrupted years to a 95% probability, for which the actual undersupply of water for water supply of Moscow hardly increases, may be warranted.