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Vegetation is one of the main criteria for landscape differentiation of the Earth surface. The main morphological feature of the landscape is the presence or absence of the forest that is, and the gradual character of the boundaries between the natural zones causes the formation of fairly wide transitional zones bands – ecotones. They have become one of the most common subjects in landscape research in recent years. This is natural in view of the insufficient localization of ecotones and their constant drift in the light of gradual changes in climate and degradation of soil cover. In modern studies, structural-geographical ecotones are considered not as clear sharp boundaries, but as rather wide transitional bands. There are four natural zones (mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, deciduous forests, forest-steppe and steppe) and three structural and geographical strips – pasture, forest and field districted in the plain part of Ukraine. If the physical-geographical boundary of the forest-steppe and steppe is traditionally drawn along the Balta – Kropyvnytskyi – Dnipro – Izyum – Kup'yansk line, from the standpoint of constructive geography, the area of continuous predominance of the field landscapes is shifted to the north by almost 100 km. In general, the territory of the traditionally separated southern sub-zone of the forest-steppe objectively reaching the steppe zone is today. Anthropogenic factor makes its adjustments to the holding of ecotones, in particular through deforestation. The action of natural and anthropogenic factors is synergistic. On the one hand, the natural process of the steppe on the forest continues; on the other hand, one actively promotes deforestation. Therefore, the boundaries of Polissya and the Forest-Steppe are becoming less clear. Ecotones are manifested not only on the interzonal (macro- and meso scale) but also on the intra-zonal, within landscape complexes (micro levels). A striking example would be the ecotones in forest landscapes. In general, the continuous changes of the landscape environment, caused nowadays by both natural and anthropogenic factors, inevitably cause the displacement of both geobotanical and physical-geographical boundaries. However, most landscape systems are not homogeneous in their typological characteristics; the transitions between them are rather blurred. This further complicates the boundaries and suggests the leading importance of ecotones in the terrestrial landscape organization.

The threat to information security for the air navigation service providers represents a potential violation of information security of the information infrastructure elements in the air traffic management system such as communications, navigation and surveillance equipment, and the information and telecommunication systems. Typically, a threat results from the presence of vulnerable components in the protection of information technology as part of air navigation service providers activity. Generally, threats to information and communication systems include equipment failure, environmental destruction, human or machine errors, and targeted attacks, which are often complex, well-organized, and well-funded. Taking into account, information and telecommunication systems of air navigation service providers are critical resource that must be protected from external and internal threats. Information and telecommunication systems of air navigation services providers are a combination of information and telecommunication systems, in the process of processing air navigation information act as a whole. The realization of information security threats in information and telecommunication systems may adversely affect the provision of safety and air traffic management security. As a result of information security threats realization, incidents or accidents in the air traffic management system can be occurred. The paper proposes functional models of information space and information flows in the provision of air navigation service. The developed models are recommended for use in the process of security risk management in air traffic management within the new generation risk management system, as a necessary part of air navigation service provider integrated management system.

A constant electric field incapable of discharge generation affects the kinetics of the ignition and combustion of dichlorosilane-oxygen mixtures: near the lower self-ignition limit, the induction period decreases and the region of the oscillating combustion regimes is enlarged. These phenomena depend on the material and state of the reactor surface. The lower self-ignition limitP1 over the CuSO4 and ZnSO4 surfaces abruptly increases with an increase in the voltage of the constant electric field.