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A clinical pattern, a social portrait, and the efficiency of inpatient treatment were studied in females with new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis. Four hundred and twenty-eight cases of new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis in 18-85-year-old women admitted to a specialized hospital (95, 178, and 155 patients in 1990, 2001, and 2005, respectively). The pattern of clinical forms was found to become much worse under the present conditions of epidemiological ill-being. There was a rise in the incidence of the disseminated form from 10.5 to 23.9% with a drop in that of the focal form from 23.2 to 7.1%. Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized with the great extent of involvement, the high rate of destructive changes, abundant bacterial excretion, the increase of drug resistance (DR), and worsening of its pattern due to polyresistance and multiple DR. The efficiency of inpatient treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis significantly decreased: bacterial excretion ceased in 52.4-52.9%, destructive changes were eliminated in 30.4-34.3%. Under the present conditions in combination with biomedical and social factors, the detected specific features of pulmonary tuberculosis affected the results of inpatient treatment.

The clinical and X-ray forms of tuberculosis were studied in 1481 patients aged under 7 years who had been treated from 1970 to 2000. Patients with tuberculosis of the central nervous system accounted for 5.5%. In the past 15 years, there was an increase in the share of generalized tuberculosis, more severity of the clinical course of tuberculous meningitis, and a rise in the incidence of deaths from the disease. Children of the first year of life fell ill more frequently. The main causes should be considered to be exogenous superinfection whose role increases under the conditions of an undetected reservoir of tuberculous infection; no biomedical protection as tuberculosis controlling measures; no protection of children from socially disadapted families. A fatal case was recorded in half the patients. The other half was discharged as having rough residual changes in the central nervous system.

Out of 67 cooperators with tuberculosis treated at the city antituberculosis dispensary the advanced disease was found in 68.5% of the cases. Of them 67.7% discharged tubercle bacilli, 38.4% had multiple caverns. Among the reasons for a severe specific process in the lungs are intensive labour, late working hours, lack of social and health protection.

Analysis of cases of the active forms of tuberculosis in 87 children has established that the first to be affected are children from the unsuccessful families in whom BCG vaccination was either absent or was ineffective. Children from the unsuccessful families aged to 1 year get sick more often. The disease in them runs a more acute course and has manifested clinico-roentgenological symptoms. In half the cases a tuberculosis process acquires a complicated course.

240 patients with circular formations in the lungs were examined. Among those diagnosed were tuberculomas, cancer, benign tumors, pulmonary cysts, pneumonias and pulmonary fibrosis. The coincidence of referral and clinical diagnoses was registered merely in 17.5% of the cases. The majority (60.2%) of patients were admitted to a hospital being diagnosed as "circular formation in the lung" which is not justified from typical characteristics of the diseases. The difficulties in diagnosis were in many cases caused by the similarity of the clinical picture observed, a small number of pathognomonic signs and a relative validity of certain typical X-ray symptoms.

This paper is concerned with the determination of the lines of maximum solubility of the phase diagram for the system KClBaCl2 in the region of solid solutions with the base of KCl by the method of light scattering. The results are discussed in terms of the theory of dilute solutions of solid electrolytes. The enthalpy of solution Ψ = 0.64 eV and the change of vibrational entropy ΔS/K = 1.9 are defined also. Mit Hilfe der Lichtstreuungsmethode sind die Linien der maximalen Loslichkeit fur das Zustandsdiagramm des Systems KClBaCl2 fur feste Losungen auf der Basis von KCl bestimmt worden. Die Resultate werden auf der Grundlage der Theorie verdunnter Losungen starker Elektrolyte diskutiert. Es wurden die Losungsenthalpie Ψ = 0.64 eV und die Anderung der Schwingungsentropie ΔS/K = 1.9 bestimmt.

Theoretical considerations, experimentally established facts, and elementary estimates lead to the conclusion that the initial stage of the sintering process may be accompanied by plastic deformation, while a later stage is controlled by diffusion-dislocation flow, in which mass transport responsible for growth of the contact neck takes place under conditions of self-consistency of the dislocation loop generation and dissolution processes. This article is concerned only with monocrystalline objects, but the conclusions arrived at in it can be extended also to real polycrystalline systems. This will necessitate regarding the structural elements of a polycrystal as obstacles to dislocation motion characterized by different degrees of penetrability. An opportunity will thus arise in particular to obtain fuller information on the initial stage of sintering of powder compacts, which are characterized by high sintering activity.

The dislocation structure of KCl crystals annealed in a forevacuum has been shown to display a nonmonotonic variation of the density of dislocations in the direction from the surface. Our experiments and estimates showed that the observed redistribution of dislocations near the surface is due to the diffusion of impurities from the atmosphere and the generation of dislocations in the diffusion zone.