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The article presents an analysis of literature data on modern protective regimens for invasive respiratory support in premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. We have considered positive and negative aspects of the used methods of invasive ventilation of the lungs, which are currently widely used as a method of respiratory therapy in obstetric hospitals at any level, even in the category of children with extremely and very low birth weight. Modern protective mechanical ventilation provides for 2 main directions for reducing ventilator-induced lung damage: a decrease in tidal volume (Vt) and the principle of tolerable (permissive) hypercapnia. The use of the technique of permissive hypercapnia and regimens with a target volume can reduce the likelihood of ventilator-induced lung injury in newborns. Despite the limited indications for mechanical ventilation in modern neonatology and the widespread use of non-invasive ventilation, for patients who really need mechanical ventilation, the use of volume-targeted regimens offers the best chance of reducing ventilation complications.

The article analyzes literature data on modern methods of non-invasive respiratory support for premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. The article describes positive and negative aspects of the contemporary methods and devices of non-invasive lung ventilation widely used as a starting method of respiratory therapy in obstetrics units of any level, including children with extremely and very low birth weight. The choice of the device and management tactics often depends on the facilities and financial situation of medical units as well as on the experience of medical professionals using specialized equipment.