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Subject. The global economic crisis of 2008, geopolitical crises between 2014 and 2023 and the socio-economic consequences of the COVID‑19 pandemic have a significant negative impact on the stock markets. The result of this influence is a significant increase in stock market volatility and instability. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for assessing thesustainability of the stock market and, on its basis, carrying out a comparative analysis of the sustainability of the stock markets of the Russian Federation and the USA. Methodology. Systematic and comparative analysis is used, as well as statistical methods and methods of the theory of cenoses. Scientific novelty: a dimensionless indicator of the stability of the economic system of stock market companies has been developed. Results. A methodology is proposed for assessing the sustainability of stock market issuing companies based on its model — economic cenosis. Within the framework of this methodology, a cenological analysis of structural changes and stability of the economic system under consideration is carried out. The developed methodology was tested based on the capitalization data of 100 companies listed on the Moscow Exchange and the S&P 500 index. A comparative analysis of the stability of the stock markets of the Russian Federation and the United States showed a sufficient degree of stability of the Russian stock market in relation to one of the most developed stock markets in the world — the US stock market. Conclusions. The proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the sustainability of the stock market as a unified economic system of issuing companies based on their key parameter — capitalization. Maximizing the sustainability indicator makes it possible to determine the potential investment valuation of the selected company shares, provided that the economic system of the stock market, in the process of its evolution, strives for its most stable state. Practical significance. The results and conclusions of the article may be in demand not only by regulatory organizations and stock market participants, but also by potential ordinary investors.

Objective. The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of an electric drive using a transistor reducer of an induction motor using computer simulation tools.Method. The study is based on simulation methods.Result. The values of the angular velocity are determined at fixed values of the moment of resistance for constructing a static mechanical characteristic, as well as the values of the efficiency and power factor with increasing active power on the motor shaft. The values of similar quantities for the electric motor, which is powered by a phase-shifting capacitor, are determined. The dependences of the power factor and efficiency on the active power on the motor shaft are determined.Conclusion. The data obtained as a result of computer simulation testify to the effectiveness of the proposed transistor reducer.

OBJECT. To consider problematic issues related to measurements of radionuclides in the air of the working area released during repackaging of bulk solid radioactive waste during decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities. To develop a method of direct measurements for operational control of the concentration of radioactive aerosols in the air of the working area, ensuring that the control level is not exceeded by the annual effective dose of personnel.METHODS. To solve this problem, the method of calculating the maximum possible number of alpha particles on the selected sample of the analytical filter AFA-RSP20 was used.RESULTS. A method of operational control of the radiation situation in the workplaces of personnel using direct measurements by portable radiation monitoring devices of the alpha particle flux density from the exposed AFA-RSP20 filter is proposed. The use of this method makes it possible to provide control in cases where the use of standard installations for measuring the volumetric activity of radioactive aerosols is unavailable or impossible. The article describes the relevance of the topic, the calculation of the reference level of the alpha particle flux density from the surface of the AFA-RSP20 filter is given.CONCLUSIONS. Passport characteristics of personal respiratory protection equipment do not provide convincing data on the operation of the filter with a specific pollutant. For the correct decision-making on the use of certain types of personal respiratory protection by personnel working with radioactive waste containing transuranium radionuclides, it is necessary to control the volumetric activity of radionuclides in the air. Based on calculations and direct measurements, it is shown that the use of an operational method for measuring the alpha particle flux density from an exposed AFA-RSP20 filter makes it possible to monitor the radiation situation at personnel workplaces during decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities.

Human capital in any organization is one of the key assets. But not many managers are able to assess human capital in financial terms, as well as determine the financial value of this asset. Most of the organization’s human capital is made up of labor. The amount of this capital is also influenced by the management of human capital itself and culture.

Relevance. The focus of modern dental treatment not only on the elimination of aesthetic, but also functional disorders requires an understanding of the functional conjugation of the chewing muscles, the possibility of interprognosis of parameters. Objective. Assess the functional relationship between the tone of the chewing muscles proper and the bioelectric activity of the temporal and sublingual muscle groups in children with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system. Materials and Methods. The study involved 36 patients of Childrens Clinical Dental Clinic No. 2 of Voronezh, aged 6 to 12 years, who had not previously received orthodontic treatment and had distal occlusion anomalies. Evaluation of the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was carried out using surface electromyography on the Electromyograph Dental apparatus (Taganrog, Russia), the Chewing General sample. Evaluation of the tone of the chewing muscles proper was carried out using the Mioton-3C device in a state of physiological rest of the lower jaw. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel, version 7.0 and the statistical programs SPSS Statistics 21 and STATISTICA 7. Results and Discussion. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 4 weak positive, 2 weak negative, 14 moderate positive, 3 moderate negative, and 1 noticeable positive correlation between the tone of the right chewing muscle proper and the parameters of the bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 5 weak positive, 7 weak negative, 9 moderate negative correlations between the tone of the left chewing muscle proper and the parameters of bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Conclusion. A greater effect of the tone of the right chewing muscle on the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was found compared to the tone of the left chewing muscle itself. 27 equations have been derived that can be used as predictive models for calculating the tone of right and left chewing muscles proper depending on the indicators of bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles.

The purpose of the research is studying helminths of carnivorous birds of the order of owls (Strigiformes) found in the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. From 2015 to 2020, complete helminthological dissections were carried out by the Skryabin method for 72 birds of the order of owls after their spontaneous death: 8 specimens of the short-eared owl Asio flammeus, 6 specimens of the Ural owl Strix uralensis, 4 specimens of the little owl Athene noctua, 9 specimens of the barn owl Tyto alba, 19 specimens of the tawny owl S. aluco, and 26 specimens of the long-eared owl A. otus. The study material was provided by rehabilitation centers and veterinary clinics in Moscow City and the Moscow, Tula and Kaluga regions. The helminths were fixed according to generally accepted methods; the species was identified taking into account specific morphological characters.Results and discussion. Total infection rate in owls was 89.9%. All studied birds were found to have mixed infections with two or more types of helminths. We identified 15 helminth species including 3 species of trematodes (Neodiplostomum attenuatum, Strigea falconis, S. strigis), 2 species of cestodes (Cladotaenia globifera, Paruterina candelabraria), 9 species of nematodes (Syngamus trachea, Cyrnea leptoptera, Microtetrameres inermis, Synhimantus laticeps, Porrocaecum depressum, P. spirale, Capillaria tenuissima, Baruscapillaria falconis, and Capillaria sp.) and 1 acanthocephalian species (Centrorhynchus aluconis). For the first time, new hosts were identified for the following helminth species: the barn owl, short-eared owl and little owl for the trematode N. attenuatum, the Ural owl and little owl for S. falconis, the long-eared owl for the nematode S. trachea, the short-eared owl and tawny owl for C. leptoptera, and the tawny owl for M. inermis.

The relevance of the research. Waste rock dumping in the area of the surface collapse caused by the underground mining is one of the rational methods of dumping. It contributes to saving land resources and reducing the transport path of overburden. The paper considers the safety of waste rock dumping on the earth’s surface in the collapse zone caused by operating underground mines. The aim of the research is to develop the methods for determining and monitoring the phase of glory hole evaluation for safety of people and equipment when working in the zone of collapse. Methods: creating the caved rock zone model. Model sets the ratio between the glory hole volume and undercut volume using the swell factor. The criterion of the glory hole growth is the increase of the glory hole to the maximum volume, defined by the geometric parameters of the undercut. The swell factor of caved rock mass is determined in situ by analyzing the measured glory holes. Results. The authors have developed the classification of the glory hole evaluation stages and methods for its determining and defind the value of the swell factor of caved rock mass in the specific conditions of the Sokolovskoe ore deposit. The swell factor of the caved rock mass, defined for the first glory holes, is within 1–1,4. It was determined by proportion soil and rock in the waste rock above undercut. The swell factor of the caved rock mass, defined for the second glory holes, is about 1,0

The article is dedicated to the 125th birthday of Yakov Kivovich Syrkin - Academician, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Laureate of the Stalin Prize, and founder of the school of quantum chemistry in Russia. He was the head of the departments of Physical Chemistry at the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology and of Simple and Complex Compounds at the N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Laboratory of the Structure of Molecules at the L.Ya. Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry. Yakov Syrkin was a world-famous scientist in the field of physical chemistry, who has addressed many issues of quantum chemistry, molecules structure, chemical bonds; the mechanism of chemical reactions, kinetics and catalysis. He was a brilliant teacher and lecturer, the initiator of many scientific ideas and directions, the author of more than five hundred scientific works, a responsive man of many talents. The chronological outline of his scientific, pedagogical and life path is presented, some less well-known fa.cts about his biography has also been highlighted.

We present the multibeam bathymetry data of the western part of the Romanche Trench (Equatorial Atlantic) which is the main natural corridor that regulates inflow of Antarctic Bottom Water into the eastern basin of the Atlantic Ocean. Multibeam bathymetry survey was carried out during the 33th cruise of the research vessel Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov in November 2016. The data were collected using the multibeam echosounder RESON SeaBat 7150 and processed using PDS2000 software. The multibeam bathymetry data are presented as digital elevation models in XYZ tabular format ASCII (*.txt), ESRI ASCII grid (*.asc) and GeoTIFF raster (*.tif) formats with a resolution of 100 m. The dataset is available with the article.

We present a multibeam bathymetry dataset from eastern part of the Canary Basin and from the Kane Gap located north and south of the Cape Verde Islands, respectively. Special attention was paid to the deep-water Kane Gap between Sierra Leone Rise and Guinea Plateau. The Kane Gap is the only possible gateway that allows the exchange of Antarctic Bottom Water between the Sierra Leone and Gambia Basins. Bathymetry surveys were carried out during the 44th cruise of the Research Vessel (R/V) “Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov” in October 2019. The data were collected using the system RESON SeaBat 7150 (12.5 kHz) and processed using QINSy software. The multibeam bathymetry data are presented in tabular format (ASCII (*.txt)) and as digital elevation models in ESRI ASCII grid (*.asc) and GeoTIFF raster (*.tif) formats with a resolution of 100 m. The dataset is available with the article.

Multidisciplinary studies have allowed us to describe the abiotic landscapes and, thus, reveal the ichnological and benthic foraminifera trends in a deep-water gateway. Mesoscale landscape mapping is presented based on the bathymetric position index, substrate types and near-bottom water temperature. Four sediment cores, retrieved from the entrance, centre and exit of the gap, were subject to computed tomography, ichnological and benthic foraminifera studies. A high diversity of abiotic landscapes in the relatively small area of Discovery Gap is detected and its landscape is characterized by 23 landscape types. The most heterogeneous abiotic factor is a topography that is associated with sediment patchiness and substrate variability. The ichnological and tomographical studies of the sediment cores demonstrate lateral and temporal differences in the macrobenthic tracemaker behaviour. The ichnofossils assemblage of the sediment core can be assigned to the Zoophycos ichnofacies with a higher presence of Zoophycos in the entrance site of the gap and during glacial intervals. Higher benthic foraminifera diversity and species richness during the Holocene are also registered in the southern part of the gap compared to the northern part. The spatial and temporal differences in macro-benthos behavior and benthic foraminifera distribution in the deep-water gateway are proposed to relate to the topographical variations of the Antarctic Bottom Water and its influence on the hydrodynamic regime, nutrient transport, etc.

The article tells about life and fate of S.Ya. Plotkin, whose 110-th anniversary of birth was marked on March 2016. He was born in 1906 in Melitopole town (Ukraine). Having graduated at the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology in 1931, he was asked for administration works firstly as the director of the Institute and then as the member of the All-Union Committee for High School problems. During all his life S.Ya. Plotkin successfully combine administrative, scientific, pedagogical and journalistic activities. He was the expert in the problems of hard alloys and powder metallurgy, professor, editor in chief of the journal «History of Natural Sciences and Technique». He was the member of the Journalist’s Union of the USSR, Honorary member of the International Institute for the Sciences of Sintering and Honorary worker of Culture of Russian Federation.

The paper gives information on the state-of-the-art of pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain (PNP). It presents the definitions of PNP, which make it possible to accurately identify such patients and to plan tactics for their treatment. Similarities and differences in scales and questionnaires for the valid identification of a neuropathic pain component are discussed. General information is given on international guidelines for the treatment of neuropathic pain, the use of stepwise therapy, and indications for neurostimulation.

An unprecedented ozone loss occurred in the Arctic in spring 2011. The details of the event are revisited from the twice-daily total ozone and NO2 column measurements of the eight SAOZ/NDACC (Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale/Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes) stations in the Arctic. It is shown that the total ozone depletion in the polar vortex reached 38% (approx. 170 DU) by the end of March, which is larger than the 30% of the previous record in 1996. Aside from the long extension of the cold stratospheric NAT PSC period, the amplitude of the event is shown to be resulting from a record daily total ozone loss rate of 0.7% d−1 after mid-February, never seen before in the Arctic but similar to that observed in the Antarctic over the last 20 yr. This high loss rate is attributed to the absence of NOx in the vortex until the final warming, in contrast to all previous winters where, as shown by the early increase of NO2 diurnal increase, partial renoxification occurs by import of NOx or HNO3 from the outside after minor warming episodes, leading to partial chlorine deactivation. The cause of the absence of renoxification and thus of high loss rate, is attributed to a vortex strength similar to that of the Antarctic but never seen before in the Arctic. The total ozone reduction on 20 March was identical to that of the 2002 Antarctic winter, which ended around 20 September, and a 15-day extension of the cold period would have been enough to reach the mean yearly amplitude of the Antarctic ozone hole. However there is no sign of trend since 1994, either in PSC (polar stratospheric cloud) volume (volume of air cold enough to allow formation of PSCs), early winter denitrification, late vortex renoxification, and vortex strength or in total ozone loss. The unprecedented large Arctic ozone loss in 2011 appears to result from an extreme meteorological event and there is no indication of possible strengthening related to climate change.

Accurate long-term monitoring of total ozone is one of the most important requirements for identifying possible natural or anthropogenic changes in the composition of the stratosphere. For this purpose, the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) UV-visible Working Group has made recommendations for improving and homogenizing the retrieval of total ozone columns from twilight zenith-sky visible spectrometers. These instruments, deployed all over the world in about 35 stations, allow measuring total ozone twice daily with limited sensitivity to stratospheric temperature and cloud cover. The NDACC recommendations address both the DOAS spectral parameters and the calculation of air mass factors (AMF) needed for the conversion of O3 slant column densities into vertical column amounts. The most important improvement is the use of O3 AMF look-up tables calculated using the TOMS V8 (TV8) O3 profile climatology, that allows accounting for the dependence of the O3 AMF on the seasonal and latitudinal variations of the O3 vertical distribution. To investigate their impact on the retrieved ozone columns, the recommendations have been applied to measurements from the NDACC/SAOZ (Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale) network. The revised SAOZ ozone data from eight stations deployed at all latitudes have been compared to TOMS, GOME-GDP4, SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, SCIAMACHY-OL3, OMI-TOMS, and OMI-DOAS satellite overpass observations, as well as to those of collocated Dobson and Brewer instruments at Observatoire de Haute Provence (44° N, 5.5° E) and Sodankyla (67° N, 27° E), respectively. A significantly better agreement is obtained between SAOZ and correlative reference ground-based measurements after applying the new O3 AMFs. However, systematic seasonal differences between SAOZ and satellite instruments remain. These are shown to mainly originate from (i) a possible problem in the satellite retrieval algorithms in dealing with the temperature dependence of the ozone cross-sections in the UV and the solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence, (ii) zonal modulations and seasonal variations of tropospheric ozone columns not accounted for in the TV8 profile climatology, and (iii) uncertainty on the stratospheric ozone profiles at high latitude in the winter in the TV8 climatology. For those measurements mostly sensitive to stratospheric temperature like TOMS, OMI-TOMS, Dobson and Brewer, or to SZA like SCIAMACHY-TOSOMI, the application of temperature and SZA corrections results in the almost complete removal of the seasonal difference with SAOZ, improving significantly the consistency between all ground-based and satellite total ozone observations.

A multi-model study of the long-range transport of ozone and its precursors from major anthropogenic source regions was coordinated by the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). Vertical profiles of ozone at 12-h intervals from 2001 are available from twelve of the models contributing to this study and are compared here with observed profiles from ozonesondes. The contributions from each major source region are analysed for selected sondes, and this analysis is supplemented by retroplume calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model to provide insight into the origin of ozone transport events and the cause of differences between the models and observations. In the boundary layer ozone levels are in general strongly affected by regional sources and sinks. With a considerably longer lifetime in the free troposphere, ozone here is to a much larger extent affected by processes on a larger scale such as intercontinental transport and exchange with the stratosphere. Such individual events are difficult to trace over several days or weeks of transport. This may explain why statistical relationships between models and ozonesonde measurements are far less satisfactory than shown in previous studies for surface measurements at all seasons. The lowest bias between model-calculated ozone profiles and the ozonesonde measurements is seen in the winter and autumn months. Following the increase in photochemical activity in the spring and summer months, the spread in model results increases, and the agreement between ozonesonde measurements and the individual models deteriorates further. At selected sites calculated contributions to ozone levels in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport are shown. Intercontinental transport is identified based on differences in model calculations with unperturbed emissions and emissions reduced by 20% by region. Intercontinental transport of ozone is finally determined based on differences in model ensemble calculations. With emissions perturbed by 20% per region, calculated intercontinental contributions to ozone in the free troposphere range from less than 1 ppb to 3 ppb, with small contributions in winter. The results are corroborated by the retroplume calculations. At several locations the seasonal contributions to ozone in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport differ from what was shown earlier at the surface using the same dataset. The large spread in model results points to a need of further evaluation of the chemical and physical processes in order to improve the credibility of global model results.

The article concerns some ecological aspects of therapeutic features of speleotherapy. The objective of our study was to investigate the therapeutic activity of speleotherapy for respiratory disorders according to it's ecological aspects. The results of including speleotherapy into the curative and prophylactic complex in the central-chernozyom region showed the decrease of incidence of respiratory pathology in people, who underwent the course of speleotherapy. The obtained data indicated, that speleotherapy was supposed to be used as a component of prophylactics complex in treatment for broncho-respiratory complex.

A total ozone depletion of 68±7 Dobson units between 380 and 525K from 10 December 2002 to 10 March 2003 is derived from ozone sonde data by the vortex-average method, taking into account both diabatic descent of the air masses and transport of air into the vortex. When the vortex is divided into three equal-area regions, the results are 85±9DU for the collar region (closest to the edge), 52±5DU for the vortex centre and 68±7DU for the middle region in between centre and collar. Our results compare well with other studies: We find good agreement with ozone loss deduced from SAOZ data, with results inferred from POAM III observations and with results from tracer-tracer correlations using HF as the long-lived tracer. We find a higher ozone loss than that deduced by tracer-tracer correlations using CH4. We have made a careful comparison with Match results: The results were recalculated using a common time period, vortex edge definition and height interval. The two methods generally compare very well, except at the 475K level which exhibits an unexplained discrepancy.

Ozone loss during the winter 2002/2003 has been evaluated from comparisons between total ozone reported by the SAOZ network and simulated in passive mode by both REPROBUS and SLIMCAT. Despite the fact that the two models have a different approach to calculate the descent inside vortex, both evaluations provide similar results 18±4% using REPROBUS and 20±4% using SLIMCAT and show that the loss started around mid-December, at least ten to twenty days earlier than during any of the previous eleven winters, except 1993/1994. This unusual behaviour is consistent with the low temperatures reported in the stratosphere as well to the signature of early chlorine activation indicated by ground-based, balloon and satellite observations. A significant ozone loss is also simulated by the current versions of two models, but of lesser amplitude compared to SAOZ, 13±2% for REPROBUS and 16±2% for SLIMCAT, the underestimation being already observed by mid-January. The early ozone depletion captured by both model show that chemical depletion did indeed take place in December, predominantly at the illuminated edge of the distorted vortex, but the reason for the underestimation compared to the observations and the differences among the models have still to be investigated.

Ozone measurements from ozonesondes, AROTAL, DIAL, and POAM III instruments during the SOLVE-2/VINTERSOL period are composited in a time-varying, flow-following quasi-conservative (PV-θ) coordinate space; the resulting composites from each instrument are mapped onto the other instruments' locations and times. The mapped data are then used to intercompare data from the different instruments. Overall, the four ozone data sets are found to be in good agreement. AROTAL shows somewhat lower values below 16 km, and DIAL has a positive bias at the upper limits of its altitude range. These intercomparisons are consistent with those obtained from more conventional near-coincident profiles, where available. Although the PV-θ mapping technique entails larger uncertainties of individual profile differences compared to direct near-coincident comparisons, the ability to include much larger numbers of comparisons can make this technique advantageous.