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1. Poster session: Aortic stenosis

Author

R. Piccolo, J. Clarke, C. A. Brambila, B. Igual Munoz, K. Hristova, M. S. Carvalho, M. Tesic, O. Azevedo, J. A. Del Prado, A. Mcculloch, O. Kaitozis, B. Popovic, S. Stankovic, H. Chamsi-Pasha, R. Abdelfatah, V. Parisi, K. Pushparajah, E. Zemtsovsky, B. Kilickiran Avci, A. Manouras, K. Takenaka, F. Parthenakis, P. Vardas, A. Goudev, M. Orii, A. Kutarski, R. De Rosa, M. Castillo Orive, A. Sahlen, H. Ahn, S. Nedjati-Gilani, G. J. King, H. Bellsham-Revell, D. Lahidheb, M. Anastasiou-Nana, F. Pereira Machado, S. Yurdakul, N. Olsen, S. Pica, A. Ebihara, T. Nakajima, P. Molina Aguilar, R. Hornsten, M. Elnoamany, M. Cramer, G. Tamborini, G. Pagano, H. Kim, S. Soderberg, A. M. Gonzalez, N. Zlatareva, E. Marangio, F. Yang, G. Cho, I. Paunovic, C. Jons, T. Tanimoto, H. Triantafyllidi, D. Gopalan, O. Ozcan, M. Norman, G. Grazioli, F. Castillo, E. Kort, R. Bruno, J. Kostic, M. Daimon, D. Kang, C. Badiu, C. Magnino, C. Bucca, I. Joao, F. Buendia Sanchez, A. Tomaszewski, M. Alasnig, J. Kisslo, T. Kawata, S. Fernandez Casares, A. Livingston, J. Silva Cardoso, S. Korkmaz, J. Rodriguez Garcia, M. Tomaszewski, Y. Motoyoshi, A. Kaneva, E. Kinova, J. Lekakis, N. Bruun, M. Elneklawy, K. Uno, K. Nour, J. M. Ferrer, T. Wada, T. Katova, E. Ermis, F. Gaita, S. Rafla, F. Macedo, S. Woo, S. Perry, M. Lonnebakken, K. Thapa, M. Banovic, C. Selton-Suty, V. Pereira, A. Lourenco, G. Dreyfus, W. Serra, M. Hedstrom, A. Hagendorff, H. Nishino, T. Filali, M. Muratori, F. De Stefano, J. Marin, B. Jedaida, I. Rangel, J. Haertel, S. Tzortzis, A. Kalogerakis, G. Galasso, P. Hoffman, L. Chen, Y. Juilliere, V. Kostova, J. Navarro Manchon, C. J. Lopez-Guarch, J L Moya Mur, J. D. J. Baguda, C. Moretti, C. Manisty, N. Hajlaoui, H. Mahfoudhi, E. Martins, F. Bourlon, Y. Choi, C. Papadopoulos, A. Santos, I. V. Vassiliadis, A. Pereira, D. Domingo Valero, P. Iacotucci, C. Fernandez-Golfin, P. Li, I. Xanthopoulou, G. Pontone, R. Tan, D. D. Valero, D. Cramariuc, D. Lovric, F. Maffessanti, V. Pehar Pejcinovic, Y. Xu, M. Gurzun, L. Mitrofanova, P. Sousa, M. Miglioranza, A. Goncalves, I. Nedeljkovic, S. Stanic, C Di Mario, Y. Shiono, Y. Bian, E. Tossavainen, N. Risum, L. Sargento, K. Hirata, K. Said, H. Park, A. M. Argudo, T. Kubo, S. Barker, A. Chetta, R. Palma Reis, E. Malev, C. Yao, I. Papadakis, R. Medeiros, J. Tong, M. Previtali, T. Yamaguchi, S.-H. Shin, M. Sitges, C. Calinescu, J. Rueda Soriano, K. Steine, R. Ichikawa, K. Farouk, S. Pedri, J. Ripsweden, S. Carillo, G. Gelbrich, P. Rees, F. Costantino, S. Hutchings, A. Bel Minguez, A. Gaspar, M. Petrovic, M. Li Kam Wa, E. Mavronasiou, R. Winter, I. Quelhas, J. Johnson, A. Gopal, H. Jurin, R. Rordorf, M. Al-Mallah, A. Kydd, M. Ezat, A. M. Duncan, A. Kyriacou, Y. Kim, D. Mihalcea, J. Lessa, L. Mont, T. Fritz Hansen, J. Separovic Hanzevacki, D. Mesa, R. Mincu, G. Pavlidis, A.D.J. Ten Harkel, L. Gabrielli, F. Civaia, B. Vujisic-Tesic, M. Lourenco, C. Cefalu, C. Alexandrescu, L. Stefani, D. Gerede, M. Bartesaghi, C. Calin, F. Alamanni, A. Giesecke, P. Fazendas, C. Sousa, C. Ginghina, J. Magne, S. Lemoine, M. Gonzalez, C. Gohlke-Baerwolf, K. H. Hirata, S. Fawzi, H. Kisacik, B. Popescu, L. Visconti, W. Brzozowski, M. Driessen, V. Schiano Lomoriello, S. Yamada, I. Machado, F. Silveira, A. Nordin, E. Velazquez, J. Simpson, D. Vasilev, R. Rimbas, R. Murphy, C. Szymanski, T. Imanishi, M. Martirosyan, E. Najjar, J. Chambers, I. Jovanovic, A. Nagorni, E. Gunyeli, M. Omelchenko, P. De Araujo Goncalves, E. Avenatti, R. Marinov, A. Rieck, C. Tribouilloy, I. Sitges, P. Navas Tejedor, N. Lousada, W. Fehri, B. Pezo Nikolic, T. Leiner, C. Lazaro Rivera, H. Pereira, M. Loeffler, R. Hural, D. Caldeira, D. Francis, M. Di Natale, P. Salgado Filho, F. Gao, C. Alm, G. Tarsia, A. Aleixo, D. Vinereanu, C. Cotrim, M. Lotfi, B. Mc Loughlin, H. Morita, S. K. Saha, A. Djordjevic-Dikic, D. Voilliot, R. Camporotondo, J. Shin, P. Pavlov, M. A. Cattabiani, G. Sekita, A. Djordjevic Dikic, K. Ishibashi, C. Pare, J. Kwan, S. Miyazaki, V. Di Tante, E. Svenungsson, V. Giga, Y. Ino, M. Rover, J. Niewiadomska, M. Florescu, I. Skjoerten, C. Wilson, P. Davlouros, M. Hazekamp, N. Moat, A. Correia, C. Tekedis, I. Ikonomidis, B. Dilekci, L. Magda, T. Le, D. Sohn, S. Hamdy, M. Cinteza, R. Enache, A. Milan, R. Dahmani, A. Lopez Granados, J. Zamorano Gomez, E. Zorio Grima, S. Ghulam Ali, B. Demirkan, A. Shehata, M. Vono, M. Chiarlo, Miguel Mota Carmo, D. Trifunovic, B. Bijnens, Y. Yatomi, J J Jimenez Nacher, B. Rogge, R. Nagai, D. Dutka, X. Shen, I. Mordi, M. Henein, F. Celeste, G. Nadais, H. El Atroush, T. Yamano, D. Andreini, B. Beleslin, H. Suzuki, L. Yan, S. Ghio, C. C. De Sousa, S. Stoebe, S. Petrovic-Nagorni, D. Leosco, T. Komori, S. El-Tobgi, S. Mihaila, A. Madureira, T. Leiria, G. Kim, H. Haouala, B. Stuart, G. Touati, K. Oleszczak, M. Ostojic, J. Song, D. Presutti, A. Fournier, H. Daida, M. Perez Guillen, I. Kuipers, H. Hwang, B. Belesiln, K. Park, Y. Guray, D. Pfeiffer, C. Reverberi, A. Lech, A. Valentini, A. Cogo, F. Piscione, S. Negrea, S. Mezghani, V. Pilosoff, P. Sogaard, N. Blom, N. Tzemos, A. Mantovani, K. Okada, A. Turco, M. Peltier, B. Lopez Melgar, U. Guray, Q. Chen, S. Chamuleau, T. Stanton, F. Baeza, S. M. Rafla, J. Roquette, I. Almuntaser, E. Picano, D. Rusinaru, R. Kalil, R. Martin Asenjo, A. Kiotsekoglou, A. Chilingaryan, B. Candemir, P. Sonecki, A. Moulias, M. Rosca, H. Marques, A. Patrianakos, S. Sahin, J. Estornell Erill, O. Enescu, J. Spratt, P. Barbier, M. Maciel, I. Ivanac Vranesic, P. Lindqvist, T. Snow, J. Silva-Cardoso, N. Koutsogiannis, D. Ardissino, L. Zhong, K. Adamyan, L. Mccormick, A. Calin, P. Innelli, S. Yokoyama, C. Erol, P. Pabari, A. Tarr, M. Galderisi, S. Govind, B. Suran, I. Simova, E. Guyeli, T. Pinho, L. Bjornadal, B. Diaz Anton, J. Hilde, R. Sicari, C. Beladan, M. Ege, A. Zacharaki, L. Ghiadoni, A. A. La Huerta, S. Zdravkovic-Ciric, O. Huttin, K. Jensen-Urstad, F. Veglio, M. Elsedi, M. Nakabachi, P. Zinzius, D. Kim, H. Dores, A. Kakkavas, H. Badran, V. Sanchez Sanchez, E. Duo, J. Carrasco, A. Almeida, M. Virdee, M. Llemit, A. Anwar, L. Pratali, J. Monmeneu Menadas, S. Nevin, L. Fusini, F. Lombera Romero, E. Despotopoulos, E. Nyktari, G. Galanti, K. Kim, A. Van Der Hulst, H. Khachab, M. Dikic, I. Cruz, M. Melsom, J. Brugada, V. Mitic, M. Landolina, S. Turhan, V. Hansteen, D Rodriguez Munoz, J. S. De Lezo, N. Gori, Z. Baricevic, S.-P. Lee, M. Arnau Vives, S. Lee, P. Gripari, S. Humerfelt, F. Huang, T. Mikami, G. Soltan, T. Akasaka, S. Kaga, G. Penney, L. Toncelli, K. Boman, B. Basnyat, E. Kowalik, A. Bartolini, S. Georgiev, K. Shahgaldi, M. Pepi, M. Ruiz Ortiz, R. Sant'anna, H. Tsutsui, P. A. Fernandez, G. Tempesti, S. Aytekin, H. Iwano, Y. Nosir, C. Raineri, J. Rasmunsson, S. Lasarov, P. Lopez Lereu, V. Persic, F. Khan, J. Hisdal, M. Gommidh, A. Alhagoly, E. Gerdts, M. Milicia, G. Rengo, K. Kimura, F. Hakansson, M. Morenate, P. Mitev, M. Yacoub, M. Satendra, B. Kusmierczyk-Droszcz, E. Romo, R. Jankovic-Tomasevic, A. Roest, J. Stepanovic, J. Schwartz, Z. Ashour, L. Klitsie, J. Giner Blasco, M. Delgado, P. Omede, S. Mayordomo Gomez, I. Paraskevaidis, J. L. Zamorano, N. Goodfield, E. Dores, S. Davies, N. Patrascu, D. Alexopoulos, L. Donate Bertolin, D. Stanojevic, E. Psathakis, M. Dobric, P. Trivilou, H. Sasmaz, A. Marinkovic, O. Mirea, G. Sieswerda, M. Maruyama, A. M. Maceira Gonzalez, T. I. Imanishi, A. Santoro, G. Festa, R. Coma Samartin, and V. Atanaskovic

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Stenosis, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Session (computer science), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published
2012
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2. Echocardiographic findings in patients with eating disorders: A case-control study

Author

Francesco Rotella, E. Mannucci, Valdo Ricca, G. Barletta, Giorgio Galanti, Sergio Castellani, Lorenzo Lelli, Laura Benni, C. Lo Sauro, V. Di Tante, and Giovanni Castellini

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MEDLINE, Medicine (miscellaneous), Anorexia, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Young Adult, Binge-eating disorder, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Young adult, Bulimia, Psychiatry, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Case-control study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eating disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Echocardiography, Case-Control Studies, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Binge-Eating Disorder
Published
2015

3. Moderated Poster Sessions 5: Cardiovascular remodeling: from bench to bedside * Saturday 10 December 2011, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Moderated Poster Area

Author

L. Gargani, A. Pingitore, D. De Marchi, S. Guiducci, M. Doveri, M. Bazzichi, M. Matucci-Cerenic, S. Bombardieri, M. Lombardi, E. Picano, V. Ferferieva, P. Claus, B. Heyde, F. Rademakers, J. D'hooge, B. Redfors, M. Scharin Tang, Y. Shao, E. Omerovic, S. Radovanovic, D. Simic, N. Ninkovic, M. Krotin, A. Djordjevic-Dikic, M. Dekleva, T. Simic, M. M. Yilmazer, B. Guven, T. Oner, S. Demirpence, O. Doksoz, T. Mese, V. Tavli, L. Stefani, R. Mercuri, L. Toncelli, P. Manetti, A. De Luca, A. Moretti, V. Di Tante, G. Innocenti, G. Galanti, M. Santos Furtado, A. C. Rodrigues, A. L. Arruda, J. Pinheiro, T. Souza, E. Lira-Filho, F. Carvalho, O. Silvestre, A. Farias, J. L. Andrade, A. Pajak, A. Szyszka, K. Szymanowska, M. Wierzchowiecki, M. Michalski, A. Nowicka, R. Dankowski, L. Religa, A. Tykarski, R. Gaber, N. Kotb, E. Kassem, H. El Saadany, M. El Sergany, W. Salah, L. Sade, I. Atar, B. Ozin, H. Corut, S. Demirtas, O. Demir, and H. Muderrisoglu

Subjects
Clinical Physiology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Bench to bedside
Abstract

P926 Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis: the added value of magnetic resonance imaging. L. Gargani1; A. Pingitore1; D. De Marchi2; S. Guiducci3; M. Doveri4; ML. Bazzichi4; M. Matucci-Cerenic3; S. Bombardieri4; M. Lombardi2; E. Picano1 CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy; Gabriele Monasterio Foundation-CNR Region Toscana, MRI Laboratory, Pisa, Italy; University of Florence, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Florence, Italy; University of Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunoallergology Units, Pisa, Italy

Published
2011
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4. The cardiovascular profile of soccer referees: an echocardiographic study

Author

Giorgio Galanti, F Del Furia, Loira Toncelli, Laura Stefani, Andrea Moretti, A Pizzi, M Lucarelli, V. Di Tante, and Marco Gianassi

Subjects
Adult, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, medicine.medical_specialty, Aortic root, Left atrium, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Left ventricular mass, Electrocardiography, Statistical significance, Internal medicine, Soccer, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Overall performance, Championship, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Echocardiography, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, lcsh:RC666-701, Ventricle, Cardiology, Physical therapy, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, human activities
Abstract

Background During a soccer game, the cardiovascular system is severely taxed The referees must be alert and their level of fitness must be such that fatigue will not impair their decision-making. Referee's peak overall performance is usually after 40 when the performance starts to decline. We evaluated the morphological and functional cardiac profile of professional soccer referees. Materials and methods We submitted to a clinical and echocardiographic exam a group of 120 professional soccer referees aged 25 – 45 years, including the first division of the Italian Championship, matched with 120 soccer players, including élite soccer players. Data were compared using an unpaired Student's t test. Statistical significance was with p < 0.05. Results Right ventricle dimensions (22.2 ± 3.8 vs 25.9 ± 2.4 mm) and Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMi) (100.5 ± 45.2 vs 105.4 ± 17.3) were significantly greater in referees than in active soccer players. Left atrium dimensions (33.7 ± 8.9 vs 36.2 ± 3.1 mm), aortic root (29.7 ± 7.9 vs 32.1 ± 3 mm) and LVMi (115.1 ± 16.7 vs 134.1 ± 19.9 g/m2) were significantly greater in élite soccer players than in first-division referees. Conclusion Our investigation shows that right ventricle is greater in referees than in soccer players. The differences (left atrium, aortic root and LVMi) between first division referees and élite soccer players may derive from the different training workloads.

Published
2008
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5. 187 Evaluation of pulmonary pressure during exercise in athletes. Echocardiography study

Author

Giorgio Galanti, V. Di Tante, Andrea Moretti, Marco Gianassi, Paolo Manetti, Laura Stefani, M.C.R. Vono, and Loira Toncelli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Athletes, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pleural pressure, Pulmonary pressure, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Physical therapy, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2006
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6. 379 Comparative analysis of two methodologies to determine myocardial longitudinal strain in left and right ventricles in athletes during a stress test

Author

Loira Toncelli, Marco Gianassi, Giorgio Galanti, M.P. Manetti, M.A. Moretti, V. Di Tante, Laura Stefani, and M.C.R. Vono

Subjects
Left and right, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Longitudinal strain, business.industry, Athletes, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Stress test, Physical therapy, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2006
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8. Left ventricular remodeling and the athlete's heart, irrespective of quality load training.

Author

Galanti G, Stefani L, Mascherini G, Di Tante V, and Toncelli L

Subjects
Adult, Echocardiography, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Humans, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular diagnosis, Male, Reference Values, Time Factors, Young Adult, Athletes, Football physiology, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular physiopathology, Soccer physiology, Ventricular Remodeling physiology
Abstract

Background: Regular physical exercise determines a progressive increase of the cardiac mass known as adaptive hypertrophy. Up to now, two morphological echocardiographic heart patterns of athletes have been described by Morganroth in 1975: predominant augmentation of wall thickness, and major cavity size in chamber dimensions in the case of prevalent static or dynamic components. The aim of the study was to follow up the impact of physical training on heart morphology and function in a group of elite soccer and rugby players for at least five years., Method: From January 1993 to December 2015 a group of 250 elite soccer players and 114 rugby players were examined: 78 soccer players and 60 rugby players were followed up for 5 years. They were matched with a control group., Results: LV dimensions and LVMi were significantly higher in the athletes than in the inactive subjects (LVMi : 123.45; LVMi: 81.5 vs 94.36 g/m2 respectively). After the five-year follow up the athletes showed no significant modifications in cardiac dimensions: (LVDd from 52.00 ± mm to 52.90 ± mm; LVSd increased from 31.58 ± mm to 32.33 ± mm; Left Ventricular CMI from 120.77 to 121.45 g/m2;p = NS in soccer; from 50.43 ± mm to 52.22 ± mm; Left Ventricular Systolic diameter increased from 32.51 ± mm to 32.8 ± mm; Left Ventricular Mass index from 81,5 to 87,4 g/m2;p = NS and no significant enhancement of the aortic root diameter was observed (Aortic root: from 27.39 mm to 31.64 mm in soccer players; from 30,68 mm to 30.95 mm)., Conclusions: No significant differences were found among the athletes practicing sports with different workload components, and resistance training. In trained athletes the dimensions of the LV chamber and LVMi are generally within the upper limits of the normal range. After a five-year follow-up, the dimensions of the chambers of the heart remain within the normal range, despite being within the the upper limits. Regular physical exercise induces mild LV hypertrophy which therefore can be considered an adaptive consequence to stress-exercise.

Published
2016
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9. Echocardiographic findings in patients with eating disorders: A case-control study.

Author

Lelli L, Rotella F, Castellini G, Benni L, Lo Sauro C, Barletta G, Mannucci E, Castellani S, Di Tante V, Galanti G, and Ricca V

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anorexia diagnostic imaging, Binge-Eating Disorder diagnostic imaging, Bulimia diagnostic imaging, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Echocardiography, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders diagnostic imaging
Published
2015
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10. Dragon Boat training exerts a positive effect on myocardial function in breast cancer survivors.

Author

Stefani L, Galanti G, Di Tante V, Klika RJ, and Maffulli N

Subjects
Body Mass Index, Diastole, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Middle Aged, Ships, Stroke Volume, Breast Neoplasms physiopathology, Heart physiology, Sports physiology, Survivors
Abstract

Introduction: Dragon Boat training is often suggested to control upper limb edema in breast cancer (BC) survivors, but little information is available regarding the cardiac impact of such activity. The present study evaluates this aspect during a 4-year follow-up of BC survivors., Material and Methods: From 2006 to 2010, 55 women diagnosed with BC in 2005, treated with adjuvant therapy without evidence of metastases, were enrolled for competitive Dragon Boat training. They underwent ergometric tests yearly, and 2D echocardiography to evaluate hemodynamic, morphological and functional cardiac parameters., Results: The data were compared with those from a group of 36 healthy women (HW). Both groups maintained normal systolic function throughout the period, with Cardiac Mass index, Body Mass Index and Ejection Fraction values being higher in HW. At the onset of the study, the diastolic function of BC survivors was normal though compatible with initial diastolic dysfunction when compared to the diastolic function of HW. After 4 years of competitive activity, the diastolic parameters improved in both groups and particularly in BC survivors (A peak: from 68.5 ± 15.1 cm/s to 50 ± 14.1 cm/s, p < 0.05; Ea: from 9.3 ± 2 cm/s to 11.89 ± 1.7 cm/s, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: BC survivors experienced a significant improvement in diastolic function after 4 years of Dragon Boat training. Dragon Boat training impacts favorably on the myocardial performance in patients previously treated with chemotherapy. These results support the positive role of sport activity in myocardial function of BC survivors.

Published
2015
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11. Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: an ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study.

Author

Stefani L, Toncelli L, Di Tante V, Vono MC, Cappelli B, Pedrizzetti G, and Galanti G

Subjects
Adult, Case-Control Studies, Hand Strength physiology, Humans, Male, Muscle Strength Dynamometer, Stress, Physiological physiopathology, Ultrasonography, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic diagnostic imaging, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic physiopathology, Soccer physiology, Stroke Volume physiology, Ventricular Function, Left physiology
Abstract

Background: Ultrasound speckle tracking from grey scale images allows the assessment of regional strain derived from 2D regardless of angle intonation, and it is highly reproducible. The study aimed to evaluate regional left ventricular functional reserve in elite soccer players., Methods: 50 subjects (25 elite athletes and 25 sedentary controls), aged 26 +/- 3.5, were submitted to an echo exam, at rest and after the Hand Grip (HG) test. Both standard echo parameters and strain were evaluated., Results: Ejection fraction was similar in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes 58 +/- 2 vs controls 57 +/- 4 p ns) and after HG (athletes 60 +/- 2 vs controls 58 +/- 3 p ns). Basal (septal and anterior) segments showed similar strain values in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes S% -19.9 +/- 4.2; controls S% -18.8 +/- 4.9 p = ns) and after HG (athletes S% -20.99 +/- 2.8; controls S% -19.46 +/- 4.4 p = ns). Medium-apical segments showed similar strain values at rest (athletes S% -17.31 +/- 2.3; controls S% -20.00 +/- 5.3 p = ns), but higher values in athletes after HG (athletes S% -24.47 +/- 2.8; controls S% -20.47 +/- 5.4 p < 0.05), Conclusion: In athletes with physiological myocardial hypertrophy, a brief isometric effort produces enhancement of the strain in medium-apical left ventricular segments, suggesting the presence of a higher regional function reserve which can be elicited with an inotropic challenge and suitable methods of radial function quantification such as 2D-derived strain.

Published
2008
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12. The cardiovascular profile of soccer referees: an echocardiographic study.

Author

Galanti G, Pizzi A, Lucarelli M, Stefani L, Gianassi M, Di Tante V, Toncelli L, Moretti A, and Del Furia F

Subjects
Adult, Electrocardiography, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Echocardiography, Soccer physiology
Abstract

Background: During a soccer game, the cardiovascular system is severely taxed The referees must be alert and their level of fitness must be such that fatigue will not impair their decision-making. Referee's peak overall performance is usually after 40 when the performance starts to decline. We evaluated the morphological and functional cardiac profile of professional soccer referees., Materials and Methods: We submitted to a clinical and echocardiographic exam a group of 120 professional soccer referees aged 25 - 45 years, including the first division of the Italian Championship, matched with 120 soccer players, including élite soccer players. Data were compared using an unpaired Student's t test. Statistical significance was with p < 0.05., Results: Right ventricle dimensions (22.2 +/- 3.8 vs 25.9 +/- 2.4 mm) and Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMi) (100.5 +/- 45.2 vs 105.4 +/- 17.3) were significantly greater in referees than in active soccer players. Left atrium dimensions (33.7 +/- 8.9 vs 36.2 +/- 3.1 mm), aortic root (29.7 +/- 7.9 vs 32.1 +/- 3 mm) and LVMi (115.1 +/- 16.7 vs 134.1 +/- 19.9 g/m2) were significantly greater in élite soccer players than in first-division referees., Conclusion: Our investigation shows that right ventricle is greater in referees than in soccer players. The differences (left atrium, aortic root and LVMi) between first division referees and élite soccer players may derive from the different training workloads.

Published
2008
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13. Two-dimensional tracking and TDI are consistent methods for evaluating myocardial longitudinal peak strain in left and right ventricle basal segments in athletes.

Author

Stefani L, Toncelli L, Gianassi M, Manetti P, Di Tante V, Vono MR, Moretti A, Cappelli B, Pedrizzetti G, and Galanti G

Subjects
Adult, Echocardiography, Doppler methods, Humans, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Stress, Mechanical, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Myocardial Contraction physiology, Sports physiology, Ventricular Function
Abstract

Background: Myocardial contractility can be investigated using longitudinal peak strain. It can be calculated using the Doppler-derived TDI method and the non-Doppler method based on tissue tracking on B-mode images. Both are validated and show good reproducibility, but no comparative analysis of their results has yet been conducted. This study analyzes the results obtained from the basal segments of the ventricular chambers in a group of athletes., Methods: 30 regularly-trained athletes were submitted to an echocardiography at rest and after handgrip. Starting from the four-chamber view, overall myocardial function and regional velocities were evaluated. The images obtained were processed to determine strain in left and right ventricle basal segments. Strain was calculated using the TDI method and a validated "speckle tracking" or, more correctly, "feature tracking" algorithm. The statistical analysis included a Student's t-test (p < 0.05)., Results: The range of strain values obtained is in agreement with the data reported in the literature. In the left ventricle (LV) the average strain values of the basal segments calculated with TDI on IVS and LW at rest and after stress were: -21.05 +/- 3.31; -20.41 +/- 2.99 and -20.05 +/- 2.61; -21.20 +/- 2.37, respectively. In the right ventricle (RV) the same method gave IVS and LW strain values at rest of -22.22 +/- 2.58 ; -24.42 +/- 5.84, and after HG of -22.02 +/- 5.20 ;-23.93 +/- 6.34. The values obtained using feature tracking were: LV at rest -20.48 +/- 2.65 for IVS, and -21.25 +/- 2.85 for LW; LV after HG: -19.48 +/- 3 for IVS and -21.69 +/- 3.85 for LW. In RV at rest: -21.46 +/- 3.25 for IVS and -24.13 +/- 5.86 for LW; RV after HG: -24.79 +/- 7.9 for IVS and -24.13 +/- 7.0 for LW. Tissue Doppler and "feature tracking" methods showed the respective consistency of the results in the basal segments of myocardial ventricle walls., Conclusion: Provided that echographic imaging is good, strain can be computed in athletes by both Doppler-derived and tracking methods. It is technically feasible to use both -interchangeably, at least in basal segments.

Published
2007
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