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Vietnam is a country of a great solar potential; solar technology is growing rapidly in Vietnam and investors are very interested in building solar power plants. Construction of the rooftop solar power stations can help owners reduce monthly electricity costs and even get economic benefits by selling excess electricity coming from a solar power plant (PV) to the utility grid. In this study, the design results of a rooftop grid-tied solar power station with the capacity of 26 kWp for a commercial building were introduced to have a basis to assess the operation ability of solar power station under solar radiation conditions in Hanoi city, Vietnam. The simulation results using the PVsyst program have made it possible to calculate the solar energy potential in Hanoi city, the power generation and efficiency of the grid-tied solar power station. Solar power has been applied in Vietnam since the 1990s but is mainly used for areas that were far from national power grid such as mountainous areas, islands. Small scale grid-tied solar power has been developed since 2010 and mainly is used for residential applications or small and medium scale consumers. The total capacity of electricity produced by solar power plants in Vietnam by 2017 was only about 8 MW; this value is very low as compared to the potential of solar power in Vietnam. This is due to the absence of the government support for the policy of developing solar power. In accordance with the current roadmap of raising electricity prices in Vietnam, construction investment of rooftop solar power stations is economically feasible while contributing to environmental protection and counteracting climate change phenomenon by reducing the amount of CO2 emitted into the environment.

Fulfillment of the activities aimed to an increase of the thermal resistance of enclosing structures requires the determination of their thermophysical characteristics with the use of the determination method based on the solution of problems of heat conduction, establishing the con- nection between the spatial and temporal temperature changes under the effect of heat source. This work uses the solution of the problem under nonstationary heating of the enclosing structure in the form of unrestricted plate with boundary conditions of the III kind. According to the known relations and graphs alterations in surface temperature depending on warm-up time, on thermal resistance of constructions and on arguments of Fo and Bi, i. e. initial and boundary conditions are determined. The graphic dependencies that have been obtained show that the surface temperature depends on the thermal resistance, while the temperature at the opposite surface during heat expo- sure remains practically unchanged during t = 5 h. Thus, if the outside air temperature is altered, then the rate of change of surface temperature or relative temperature q make it possible to deter- mine the thermophysical characteristics by solving the inverse problem of thermal conductivity with the use of the converted ratio to determine R as a function R = f(q, t). If the constructed graphic dependencies R = f(q, t) are used at different heat transfer coefficients, then according to the measured temperatures at different time intervals it is possible to determine thermal resistance in the same time intervals and, according to their average value, determine the required resistance to heat transfer R. The estimated ratio of analytical and graphic dependencies that we have obtained demonstrate the adequacy of the conducted full-scale measurements, if the areas with homogeneous temperature field and temperature history are chosen, and they can be used in determining the heat resistance of the enclosing structure in the form of unrestricted plate with boundary conditions of the III kind.

It is recommended to have a vapor-proof barrier on the internal side of heat insulation system in multi-layer building enclosing parts in order to ensure protection of a heat-insulation layer against humidification because relative humidity of internal air is generally higher than external one and diffusion of water steam is directed from premises outside. While having a barrier with high vapor permeability a part of moisture can be accumulated in the structure and heat insulation core and difference of actual and maximum possible partial pressures leads to condensate formation. In order to improve thermal properties of enclosing parts the necessity arises to create a vapor-proof protection screen. It complies with the design of a panel with a vapor-proof screen in the form of non-perforated aluminium foil. The given screen located at internal panel layer prevents penetration of water vapor from premises into enclosing part and heat insulation layer. In such a case condensation zones and, consequently, their moistening can occur in some layers of enclosing parts according to their thermal and physical characteristics. The paper contains a calculation of thermal and moisture regime of the enclosing parts with vapor-proof layer (non-perforated aluminium foil) located in enclosing part core between various layers. An analysis of thermal and moisture regime diagrams for multi-layer external enclosing part demonstrates that the part of non-perforated screen (aluminium foil) located between internal concrete layer and perforated heat insulation layer is considered the most rational one. At the same time other screens between separate layers are perforated.

The article analyses variants of the heat insulating layers disposition in relation to the cladding load-carrying structures and demonstrates prime advantages and drawbacks of the three variants. The authors notice that from the heat-engineering viewpoint the variant with exterior side winterization is the most favourable. However, utilizing micromodules as heat-insulating layers screened with leafing aluminum makes it necessary to account for the screens reflecting power. It allows reducing the irradiating component in the combined value of thermal transport through the enclosure and consequently raises the structure thermal resistance or, with parity of these values, leads to lower thickness of the heat-insulating layer. The known data applied for calculating the total heat transmission helps demonstrate reduction of the general heat flux value by 1.4 times, and the heat transmission resistance by 1.76 m2 deg./W. This allows reducing thickness of the heat-insulating layer (with regard of two screens) by 0.07 m. Computations illustrate the fact that account for the radiant reflectance of screening enables lowering the rated heat flux passing through the enclosure. Which again allows decreasing the structure thermal resistance and its general thickness (by 70 mm) at the expense of small thickness of the heat insulation of micromodules. The humidity regime calculations establish good acceptability of the enclosure service conditions in winter. The period will see no real water vapour condensation. The plotted diagrams of the cladding heat-and-humidity conditions demonstrate that condensation zones do not affect the layer of thermal insulation (micromodules). And the condensation zone with reduction of the heat-insulating layer appears only during ‘severe’ outside temperature conditions of a cold month. Reduced to 230 mm thickness of the wall construction allows utilizing ‘old’ stock of forms with prefabricated panels in parallel with energy saving during thermal treatment.

The paper presents an analysis of requirements to existing heat-insulation layers in enclosure structures of wall panels has been carried out, a general principles on development of thermal insulation systems, substantiation on the necessity to develop a new wall panel design with improved thermal characteristics. The proposed design of the wall panel differs from the existing one in the fact that its external layer is made of protective sheets being perforated in their top and bottom parts with perforated aluminum foil layer placed on them. Air layer performs function of one of thermal insulation layers, and the second layer is made up in the form of several micro-modular sub-layers which are divided by perforated aluminum foil and a grid. An inner concrete layer is also separated from micro-modular layers by aluminum foil. Protective sheets and the grid can be made of aluminum or polyethylene.The arrangement of hollow micro-modular cells in the zone of negative temperatures prevents condensate accumulation. The arrangement of the perforated aluminum foil layers between micro- modular layers leads to increase in thermal resistance of the panel due to decrease of a radiant component in presence of several screens and does not interfere with a vapor permeability of thermal insulation layers from micro-modules. At the same time placement of a non-perforated foil layer on an inside panel layer interferes with penetration of water vapor from rooms in micro-modular thermal insulation layers.Technological principles lie in the arrangement of perforation slots in the top and bottom zones of protective sheets that allows to delete excess moisture from thermal insulation layers and air layer and also leads to improvement of thermo-technical characteristics, durability and reliability in construction operation as a whole. The executed calculations of heat and humidity fields in external enclosure structures confirm advantages of the presented technical solution.

The paper considers existing systems of smoke removal from heat-generating plants of various heat power. Advantages and disadvantages of every system are specified in the paper. The paper analyzes properties of fiberglass smoke stacks.

The paper presents results of experimental investigations and points out the fact that conventional approaches to design and calculations of road pavements that presuppose application of porous asphalt concrete on compact bedding can cause some deformations and destructions initiated due to humidity migration in large internal material pores and lead to material destruction during warm season of the year when water is characterized by high activity. Such processes result in bitumen washing-out, white spot occurrence on the pavement and quick destruction of the pavement.The paper proposes to reconsider existing approaches to design and calculation of road pavements, estimation of reliability and service-ability levels of the applied construction materials. In particular it is necessary to calculate a road pavement with respect to thermo-physical action while excluding condensate and humidity accumulation in porous materials.

The paper proposes a mathematical model of a non-stationary heat conductivity of fencing constructions of heated buildings with the purpose to calculate their thermal resistance. Heat transfer while using contact and non-contact methods for measuring temperature fields at exterior surfaces has been analyzed in the paper. The paper contains examples how to calculate a fence thermal resistance.

The paper presents results of investigations on dependence of dielectric, electromechanical and elastic properties of BNпсф polycrystals (sphalerite) with texture axis [111]сф, obtained from pyrolitic boron nitride BNпг on annealing temperature up to 2173 К. Peculiar features concerning changes of the given properties in the zone of low-temperature annealing 700–773 К and phase transformation BNпг — BNпсф are shown in the paper.

The paper describes analytical investigations that study relation of fuel combustion regimes with concentration values of sulphur anhydride in flue gases and acid dew point. Coefficients of convective heat transfer at internal and external surfaces of stacks have been determined in the paper. The paper reveals the possibility to reconstruct stacks while using gas discharging channel made of composite material on the basis of glass-reinforced plastic which permits to reduce thermo-stressed actions on reinforced concrete and increase volume of released gases due to practically two-fold reduction of gas-dynamic pressure losses along the pipe length.

The paper contains results of the investigations pertaining to thermodynamic steam characteristics of the operating pipe-line, analysis of steam flow regimes, influence of heat losses on temperature fall along the length. The eh-diagram presents changes in e and e values which are caused by decrease of mean temperatures with the given pressure value at pipe-line inlet and outlet. The paper shows that steam enthalpy at the pipeline outlet depends on inlet enthalpy, ambient temperature and entropy difference.The constructed nomograph makes it possible to forecast steam temperature fall in the pipe-line with the purpose to ensure more efficient usage of its thermodynamic potential.

Methodology on analysis of ventilation conditions in civil buildings has been elaborated on the basis of studying thermal and material balances of internal apartment volumes and hydraulic losses for various regimes of air flow movement. The results of numerical investigations which illustrate the methodology are given in the paper. Plots have been constructed and they make it possible to assess the conditions of air flow movement in the apartments. The methodology is applicable for analysis of ventilation conditions in industrial buildings.

A design of low pressure turbine has been developed and it is covered by an invention patent and a useful model patent. Testing of the hydraulic turbine model has been carried out when it was installed on a vertical shaft. The efficiency was equal to 76–78 % that exceeds efficiency of the known low pressure blade turbines.

Regularities on destruction of a conducting non-magnetic jet have been determined within the limits of magnetic hydrodynamics model when the jet was subjected to longitudinal and azimuthal magnetic fields. The obtained regularities of the process makes it possible to apply them efficiently for controlling parameters of metallurgical processes and metal-transfer process at welding.