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Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) known as Propylparaben is an organic family that single crystal is grown by solvent evaporation process with a solvent like methanol. The value of unit cell geometry and the crystalline system with space group nature are estimated from the single-crystal XRD study. From the optical spectra, the lower absorption wavelength edge is measured using the visible optical spectrum of range 200–1200 nm. From the absorption edge value, different optical parameters such as band gap, extinction coefficient with absorption, optical and electrical conductivity, Urbach energy, and susceptibility values are measured. Also, the grown PHB crystals’ different dispersion parameters and strength of oscillator are also evaluated by using Wemple Di-Domenico single oscillator method. Third-order nonlinear parameters such as refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient, and nonlinear susceptibility are evaluated as 5.99 × 10−9cm2/W, 3.41 × 10−4 cm/W, and 5.76 × 10−6 esu by using the z-scan method. The microhardness analysis and different mechanical properties such as elastic stiffness constant, yield strength, fracture toughness, and Brittleness index are also estimated. The basic important solid-state properties such as the energy of plasma, Penn, and Fermi gap and the value of molecular electronic polarizability are measured and compared from various methods as the coupled dipole method, Clausius–Mossotti relation, and Lorentz equation. The intermolecular interaction of the PHB molecule is confirmed by the Hirshfeld surface study, and their percentage is evaluated by using a fingerprint plot.

In this case, an 86-year-old man with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) is brought to the emergency room with altered mental status (AMS) and frequent falls. According to the patient's son, the patient had a significant decline and became more dependent in both his regular and instrumental activities of daily living. Upon admission, the patient was found to be in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and eventually diagnosed with diabetes. A review of the patient’s medications indicated that polypharmacy may be a contributing factor to his current mental status changes and falls. In addition, this case reviews the diagnosis of diabetes in an 86-year-old while reviewing the impact of polypharmacy in an older patient.

Purpose Many studies in preventing adverse drug events have been researcher-driven, yet few have engaged patients in the development of a project. This project aims to engage minority elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions in the development of research questions and strategies to improve medication safety. Methods Elderly patients (≥65 years old) who were prescribed 7 or more chronic medications were recruited through a university-based aging resource network in a historically African American community in Houston, Texas. Patients and a caregiver participated in a multidisciplinary workgroup comprised of a physician, pharmacists, a nurse, health educators, and a social worker. Patients were engaged by utilizing the 4 patient-centered outcomes research engagement principles. The workgroup created a strategic plan, completed an environmental scan, identified research problems, and reviewed current evidence-based approaches in the literature. Workgroup findings were presented to a broader audience within a community town hall setting, and input was collected from a community-wide survey. Results From April 2018 to July 2018, 3 patients and 1 caregiver participated in 5 multidisciplinary workgroup meetings. A total of 74 seniors attended the town hall meeting, and 69 completed the surveys. The most common drug-related problems among survey participants were doubts about drug advertisements (79%) and drug interactions (70%). Most participants (88%) were more comfortable in receiving face-to-face counseling compared to an app or virtual visits. Findings aided in developing 3 grant proposals. Conclusions This narrative provides a roadmap for conducting multidisciplinary, patient-centered participatory research to refine research strategies in minimizing drug-related problems.